[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/IO-AIO/AIO.pm

Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.4 by root, Sun Jul 10 20:57:00 2005 UTC vs.
Revision 1.68 by root, Tue Oct 24 03:17:39 2006 UTC

…		…
3	IO::AIO - Asynchronous Input/Output	3	IO::AIO - Asynchronous Input/Output
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use IO::AIO;	7	use IO::AIO;
		8
		9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		10	my ($fh) = @_;
		11	...
		12	};
		13
		14	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
		15
		16	aio_read $fh, 30000, 1024, $buffer, 0, sub {
		17	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
		18	};
		19
		20	# version 2+ has request and group objects
		21	use IO::AIO 2;
		22
		23	aioreq_pri 4; # give next request a very high priority
		24	my $req = aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
		25	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue
		26
		27	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };
		28	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;
		29
		30	# AnyEvent integration
		31	open my $fh, "<&=" . IO::AIO::poll_fileno or die "$!";
		32	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => 'r', cb => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb });
		33
		34	# Event integration
		35	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		36	poll => 'r',
		37	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		38
		39	# Glib/Gtk2 integration
		40	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		41	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
		42
		43	# Tk integration
		44	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
		45	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		46
		47	# Danga::Socket integration
		48	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
		49	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
8		50
9	=head1 DESCRIPTION	51	=head1 DESCRIPTION
10		52
11	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your	53	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
12	operating system supports.	54	operating system supports.
13		55
14	Currently, a number of threads are started that execute your read/writes	56	Currently, a number of threads are started that execute your read/writes
15	and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in your libc or	57	and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in perl, and
16	perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible to the	58	the threads created by this module will not be visible to perl. In the
17	pthreads library. In the future, this module might make use of the native	59	future, this module might make use of the native aio functions available
18	aio functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often	60	on many operating systems. However, they are often not well-supported
19	not well-supported (Linux doesn't allow them on normal files currently,	61	(Linux doesn't allow them on normal files currently, for example),
20	for example), and they would only support aio_read and aio_write, so the	62	and they would only support aio_read and aio_write, so the remaining
21	remaining functionality would have to be implemented using threads anyway.	63	functionality would have to be implemented using threads anyway.
22		64
23	Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads, it is	65	Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads,
24	currently not reentrant, so use appropriate locking yourself.	66	it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate locking
		67	yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never
		68	call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
25		69
26	=head2 API NOTES	70	=cut
		71
		72	package IO::AIO;
		73
		74	no warnings;
		75	use strict 'vars';
		76
		77	use base 'Exporter';
		78
		79	BEGIN {
		80	our $VERSION = '2.0';
		81
		82	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat
		83	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink
		84	aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link aio_move
		85	aio_group aio_nop);
		86	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri));
		87	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
		88	min_parallel max_parallel max_outstanding nreqs);
		89
		90	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
		91
		92	require XSLoader;
		93	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
		94	}
		95
		96	=head1 FUNCTIONS
		97
		98	=head2 AIO FUNCTIONS
27		99
28	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall	100	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
29	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,	101	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
30	and they all accept an additional C<$callback> argument which must be	102	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
31	a code reference. This code reference will get called with the syscall	103	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
32	return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike perl, which	104	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike
33	usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given syscall has	105	perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given
34	been executed asynchronously.	106	syscall has been executed asynchronously.
35		107
36	All functions that expect a filehandle will also accept a file descriptor.	108	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
		109	internally until the request has finished.
37		110
		111	All requests return objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow further
		112	manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.
		113
38	The filenames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute. The reason	114	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and
39	is that at the time the request is being executed, the current working	115	encoded in byte form. The reason for the former is that at the time the
40	directory could have changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you	116	request is being executed, the current working directory could have
		117	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the
41	never change the current working directory.	118	current working directory.
		119
		120	To encode pathnames to byte form, either make sure you either: a)
		121	always pass in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir
		122	etc.), b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode
		123	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
		124	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
		125	use something else.
42		126
43	=over 4	127	=over 4
44		128
45	=cut	129	=item aioreq_pri $pri
46		130
47	package IO::AIO;	131	Sets the priority for the next aio request. The default priority
		132	is C<0>, the minimum and maximum priorities are C<-4> and C<4>,
		133	respectively. Requests with higher priority will be serviced first.
48		134
49	use base 'Exporter';	135	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each call to one of the C<aio_>
		136	functions.
50		137
51	use Fcntl ();
52
53	BEGIN {
54	$VERSION = 0.2;
55
56	@EXPORT = qw(aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink
57	aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead);
58	@EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb min_parallel max_parallel max_outstanding nreqs);
59
60	require XSLoader;
61	XSLoader::load IO::AIO, $VERSION;
62	}
63
64	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
65
66	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The default is
67	C<1>, which means a single asynchronous operation can be done at one time
68	(the number of outstanding operations, however, is unlimited).
69
70	It is recommended to keep the number of threads low, as some Linux
71	kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads (higher
72	parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6 versions, 4-32
73	threads should be fine.
74
75	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function, as this
76	module automatically starts some threads (the exact number might change,
77	and is currently 4).
78
79	=item IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
80
81	Sets the maximum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. If more than
82	the specified number of threads are currently running, kill them. This
83	function blocks until the limit is reached.
84
85	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure
86	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.
87
88	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
89
90	=item $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs
91
92	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you
93	try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will block until
94	some requests have been handled.
95
96	The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. If you
97	queue up many requests in a loop it it often improves speed if you set
98	this to a relatively low number, such as C<100>.
99
100	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
101
102	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
103
104	Return the I<request result pipe filehandle>. This filehandle must be
105	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event
106	or select, see below). If the pipe becomes readable you have to call
107	C<poll_cb> to check the results.
108
109	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
110
111	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
112
113	Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
114	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately
115	when no events are outstanding.
116
117	You can use Event to multiplex, e.g.:
118
119	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
120	poll => 'r', async => 1,
121	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
122
123	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
124
125	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a
126	select on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait
127	for some requests to finish).
128
129	See C<nreqs> for an example.
130
131	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
132
133	Returns the number of requests currently outstanding.
134
135	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:
136
137	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
138	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
139
140	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback	138	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
141		139
142	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly	140	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly
143	created filehandle for the file.	141	created filehandle for the file.
144		142
145	The pathname passed to C<aio_open> must be absolute. See API NOTES, above,	143	The pathname passed to C<aio_open> must be absolute. See API NOTES, above,
146	for an explanation.	144	for an explanation.
147		145
148	The C<$mode> argument is a bitmask. See the C<Fcntl> module for a	146	The C<$flags> argument is a bitmask. See the C<Fcntl> module for a
149	list. They are the same as used in C<sysopen>.	147	list. They are the same as used by C<sysopen>.
		148
		149	Likewise, C<$mode> specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it
		150	didn't exist and C<O_CREAT> has been given, just like perl's C<sysopen>,
		151	except that it is mandatory (i.e. use C<0> if you don't create new files,
		152	and C<0666> or C<0777> if you do).
150		153
151	Example:	154	Example:
152		155
153	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	156	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
154	if ($_[0]) {	157	if ($_[0]) {
…		…
157	} else {	160	} else {
158	die "open failed: $!\n";	161	die "open failed: $!\n";
159	}	162	}
160	};	163	};
161		164
162	=item aio_close $fh, $callback	165	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
163		166
164	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result	167	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result
165	code. I<WARNING:> although accepted, you should not pass in a perl	168	code. I<WARNING:> although accepted, you should not pass in a perl
166	filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor itself when	169	filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor another
167	the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can safely call perls C<close>	170	time when the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can safely call perls
168	or just let filehandles go out of scope.	171	C<close> or just let filehandles go out of scope.
169		172
		173	This is supposed to be a bug in the API, so that might change. It's
		174	therefore best to avoid this function.
		175
170	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset,$callback	176	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
171		177
172	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset,$callback	178	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
173		179
174	Reads or writes C<length> bytes from the specified C<fh> and C<offset>	180	Reads or writes C<length> bytes from the specified C<fh> and C<offset>
175	into the scalar given by C<data> and offset C<dataoffset> and calls the	181	into the scalar given by C<data> and offset C<dataoffset> and calls the
176	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just	182	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just
177	like the syscall).	183	like the syscall).
178		184
		185	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request
		186	is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or WW3 (if the
		187	necessary/optional hardware is installed).
		188
179	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, strating at	189	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, starting at
180	offset C<0> within the scalar:	190	offset C<0> within the scalar:
181		191
182	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {	192	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {
183	$_[0] >= 0 or die "read error: $!";	193	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
184	print "read <$buffer>\n";	194	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";
185	};	195	};
186		196
		197	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		198
		199	[EXPERIMENTAL due to internal aio_group use]
		200
		201	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		202	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		203	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
		204
		205	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If
		206	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it creates the destination file with mode 0200
		207	and copies the contents of the source file into it using C<aio_sendfile>,
		208	followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, in that
		209	order, and unlinking the C<$srcpath>.
		210
		211	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
		212	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
		213	errors are being ignored.
		214
		215	=cut
		216
		217	sub aio_move($$$) {
		218	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		219
		220	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		221
		222	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
		223	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
		224	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		225	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
		226	my @stat = stat $src_fh;
		227
		228	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_WRONLY, 0200, sub {
		229	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
		230	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
		231	close $src_fh;
		232
		233	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
		234	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
		235	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
		236	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
		237	close $dst_fh;
		238
		239	add $grp aio_unlink $src, sub {
		240	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		241	};
		242	} else {
		243	my $errno = $!;
		244	add $grp aio_unlink $dst, sub {
		245	$! = $errno;
		246	$grp->result (-1);
		247	};
		248	}
		249	};
		250	} else {
		251	$grp->result (-1);
		252	}
		253	},
		254
		255	} else {
		256	$grp->result (-1);
		257	}
		258	};
		259	} else {
		260	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		261	}
		262	};
		263
		264	$grp
		265	}
		266
		267	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
		268
		269	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts
		270	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current
		271	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more
		272	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each
		273	other.
		274
		275	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide
		276	zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a
		277	socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to mmap'able file.
		278
		279	If the native sendfile call fails or is not implemented, it will be
		280	emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of filehandle
		281	regardless of the limitations of the operating system.
		282
		283	Please note, however, that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from
		284	C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many
		285	bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only
		286	provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result
		287	value equals C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been
		288	read.
		289
187	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback	290	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
188		291
189	Asynchronously reads the specified byte range into the page cache, using
190	the C<readahead> syscall. If that syscall doesn't exist the status will be
191	C<-1> and C<$!> is set to ENOSYS.
192
193	readahead() populates the page cache with data from a file so that	292	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that
194	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>	293	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>
195	argument specifies the starting point from which data is to be read and	294	argument specifies the starting point from which data is to be read and
196	C<$length> specifies the number of bytes to be read. I/O is performed in	295	C<$length> specifies the number of bytes to be read. I/O is performed in
197	whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down to a page boundary	296	whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down to a page boundary
198	and bytes are read up to the next page boundary greater than or equal to	297	and bytes are read up to the next page boundary greater than or equal to
199	(off-set+length). aio_readahead() does not read beyond the end of the	298	(off-set+length). C<aio_readahead> does not read beyond the end of the
200	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.	299	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.
201		300
		301	If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it will be
		302	emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect.
		303
202	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback	304	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
203		305
204	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback	306	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
205		307
206	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will	308	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will
207	be called after the stat and the results will be available using C<stat _>	309	be called after the stat and the results will be available using C<stat _>
208	or C<-s _> etc...	310	or C<-s _> etc...
209		311
…		…
219	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {	321	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {
220	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";	322	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";
221	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";	323	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";
222	};	324	};
223		325
224	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback	326	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
225		327
226	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the	328	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the
227	result code.	329	result code.
228		330
		331	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		332
		333	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
		334	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
		335
		336	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		337
		338	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
		339	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
		340
		341	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		342
		343	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as
		344	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
		345
		346	=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
		347
		348	Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the
		349	result code.
		350
		351	=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
		352
		353	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire
		354	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be
		355	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
		356
		357	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref
		358	with the filenames.
		359
		360	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
		361
		362	[EXPERIMENTAL due to internal aio_group use]
		363
		364	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
		365	separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of names, ones
		366	you can recurse into (directories or links to them), and ones you cannot
		367	recurse into (everything else).
		368
		369	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_
		370	C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that
		371	this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default
		372	will be chosen (currently 6).
		373
		374	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives
		375	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.
		376
		377	Example:
		378
		379	aio_scandir $dir, 0, sub {
		380	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;
		381	print "real directories: @$dirs\n";
		382	print "everything else: @$nondirs\n";
		383	};
		384
		385	Implementation notes.
		386
		387	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.
		388
		389	After reading the directory, the modification time, size etc. of the
		390	directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they match (and
		391	isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide how many
		392	entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the number
		393	of subdirectories will be assumed.
		394
		395	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories (everything without
		396	a non-initial dot currently) and likely non-directories (everything
		397	else). Then every entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed,
		398	likely directories first. If that succeeds, it assumes that the entry
		399	is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked
		400	seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because
		401	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode
		402	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature).
		403
		404	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the
		405	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.
		406
		407	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which
		408	fortunately are the vast majority of filesystems around.
		409
		410	It will also likely work on non-POSIX filesystems with reduced efficiency
		411	as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which disables the
		412	directory counting heuristic.
		413
		414	=cut
		415
		416	sub aio_scandir($$$) {
		417	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
		418
		419	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		420
		421	$maxreq = 6 if $maxreq <= 0;
		422
		423	# stat once
		424	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
		425	return $grp->result () if $_[0];
		426	my $now = time;
		427	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
		428
		429	# read the directory entries
		430	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {
		431	my $entries = shift
		432	or return $grp->result ();
		433
		434	# stat the dir another time
		435	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
		436	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
		437
		438	my $ndirs;
		439
		440	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy
		441	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {
		442	$ndirs = -1;
		443	} else {
		444	# if nlink == 2, we are finished
		445	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2
		446	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2
		447	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);
		448	}
		449
		450	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs
		451	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first
		452	$entries = [map $_->[0],
		453	sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }
		454	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
		455	@$entries];
		456
		457	my (@dirs, @nondirs);
		458
		459	my ($statcb, $schedcb);
		460	my $nreq = 0;
		461
		462	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group;
		463
		464	$schedcb = sub {
		465	if (@$entries) {
		466	if ($nreq < $maxreq) {
		467	my $ent = pop @$entries;
		468	$nreq++;
		469	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$ent/.", sub { $statcb->($_[0], $ent) };
		470	}
		471	} elsif (!$nreq) {
		472	# finished
		473	$statgrp->cancel;
		474	undef $statcb;
		475	undef $schedcb;
		476	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
		477	}
		478	};
		479	$statcb = sub {
		480	my ($status, $entry) = @_;
		481
		482	if ($status < 0) {
		483	$nreq--;
		484	push @nondirs, $entry;
		485	&$schedcb;
		486	} else {
		487	# need to check for real directory
		488	add $grp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
		489	$nreq--;
		490
		491	if (-d _) {
		492	push @dirs, $entry;
		493
		494	if (!--$ndirs) {
		495	push @nondirs, @$entries;
		496	$entries = [];
		497	}
		498	} else {
		499	push @nondirs, $entry;
		500	}
		501
		502	&$schedcb;
		503	}
		504	}
		505	};
		506
		507	&$schedcb while @$entries && $nreq < $maxreq;
		508	};
		509	};
		510	};
		511
		512	$grp
		513	}
		514
229	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback	515	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
230		516
231	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback	517	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback
232	with the fsync result code.	518	with the fsync result code.
233		519
234	=item aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback	520	=item aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status)
235		521
236	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the	522	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the
237	callback with the fdatasync result code.	523	callback with the fdatasync result code.
		524
		525	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
		526	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
		527
		528	=item aio_group $callback->(...)
		529
		530	[EXPERIMENTAL]
		531
		532	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
		533	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
		534	many requests into a single, composite, request.
		535
		536	Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below
		537	for more info.
		538
		539	Example:
		540
		541	my $grp = aio_group sub {
		542	print "all stats done\n";
		543	};
		544
		545	add $grp
		546	(aio_stat ...),
		547	(aio_stat ...),
		548	...;
		549
		550	=item aio_nop $callback->()
		551
		552	This is a special request - it does nothing in itself and is only used for
		553	side effects, such as when you want to add a dummy request to a group so
		554	that finishing the requests in the group depends on executing the given
		555	code.
		556
		557	While this request does nothing, it still goes through the execution
		558	phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will not
		559	be executed immediately but only after other requests in the queue have
		560	entered their execution phase. This can be used to measure request
		561	latency.
		562
		563	=item IO::AIO::aio_sleep $fractional_seconds, $callback->() NOT EXPORTED
		564
		565	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of
		566	the request workers to sleep for the given time.
		567
		568	While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests
		569	like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates
		570	is immense, so do not use this function except to put your application
		571	under artificial I/O pressure.
		572
		573	=back
		574
		575	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS
		576
		577	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when
		578	called in non-void context.
		579
		580	A request always moves through the following five states in its lifetime,
		581	in order: B<ready> (request has been created, but has not been executed
		582	yet), B<execute> (request is currently being executed), B<pending>
		583	(request has been executed but callback has not been called yet),
		584	B<result> (results are being processed synchronously, includes calling the
		585	callback) and B<done> (request has reached the end of its lifetime and
		586	holds no resources anymore).
		587
		588	=over 4
		589
		590	=item cancel $req
		591
		592	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution
		593	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when
		594	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise
		595	untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be
		596	stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.
		597
		598	=item cb $req $callback->(...)
		599
		600	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.
		601
		602	=back
		603
		604	=head2 IO::AIO::GRP CLASS
		605
		606	This class is a subclass of L<IO::AIO::REQ>, so all its methods apply to
		607	objects of this class, too.
		608
		609	A IO::AIO::GRP object is a special request that can contain multiple other
		610	aio requests.
		611
		612	You create one by calling the C<aio_group> constructing function with a
		613	callback that will be called when all contained requests have entered the
		614	C<done> state:
		615
		616	my $grp = aio_group sub {
		617	print "all requests are done\n";
		618	};
		619
		620	You add requests by calling the C<add> method with one or more
		621	C<IO::AIO::REQ> objects:
		622
		623	$grp->add (aio_unlink "...");
		624
		625	add $grp aio_stat "...", sub {
		626	$_[0] or return $grp->result ("error");
		627
		628	# add another request dynamically, if first succeeded
		629	add $grp aio_open "...", sub {
		630	$grp->result ("ok");
		631	};
		632	};
		633
		634	This makes it very easy to create composite requests (see the source of
		635	C<aio_move> for an application) that work and feel like simple requests.
		636
		637	=over 4
		638
		639	=item * The IO::AIO::GRP objects will be cleaned up during calls to
		640	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb>, just like any other request.
		641
		642	=item * They can be canceled like any other request. Canceling will cancel not
		643	only the request itself, but also all requests it contains.
		644
		645	=item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.
		646
		647	=item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or
		648	any later time).
		649
		650	=item * This does not harmonise well with C<max_outstanding>, so best do
		651	not combine C<aio_group> with it. Groups and feeders are recommended for
		652	this kind of concurrency-limiting.
		653
		654	=back
		655
		656	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
		657	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
		658	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
		659	exist.
		660
		661	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests. And
		662	in the callbacks of those requests, you can add further requests to the
		663	group. And only when all those requests have finished will the the group
		664	itself finish.
		665
		666	=over 4
		667
		668	=item add $grp ...
		669
		670	=item $grp->add (...)
		671
		672	Add one or more requests to the group. Any type of L<IO::AIO::REQ> can
		673	be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular
		674	dependencies.
		675
		676	Returns all its arguments.
		677
		678	=item $grp->result (...)
		679
		680	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
		681	subrequests have finished. By default, no argument will be passed.
		682
		683	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
		684
		685	[VERY EXPERIMENTAL]
		686
		687	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
		688	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
		689	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
		690	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For
		691	example, C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat>
		692	requests, delaying any later requests for a long time.
		693
		694	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can
		695	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The
		696	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,
		697	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more
		698	requests.
		699
		700	The feed callback can queue as many requests as it likes (i.e. C<add> does
		701	not impose any limits).
		702
		703	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be
		704	automatically removed from the group.
		705
		706	If the feed limit is C<0>, it will be set to C<2> automatically.
		707
		708	Example:
		709
		710	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:
		711
		712	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "finished\n" };
		713	limit $grp 4;
		714	feed $grp sub {
		715	my $file = pop @files
		716	or return;
		717
		718	add $grp aio_stat $file, sub { ... };
		719	};
		720
		721	=item limit $grp $num
		722
		723	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever
		724	the group contains less than this many requests.
		725
		726	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.
		727
		728	=back
		729
		730	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
		731
		732	=over 4
		733
		734	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
		735
		736	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be
		737	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event or
		738	select, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable you have
		739	to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.
		740
		741	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
		742
		743	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
		744
		745	Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
		746	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately
		747	when no events are outstanding.
		748
		749	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
		750	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:
		751
		752	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		753	poll => 'r', async => 1,
		754	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		755
		756	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
		757
		758	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a
		759	C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait
		760	for some requests to finish).
		761
		762	See C<nreqs> for an example.
		763
		764	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
		765
		766	Returns the number of requests currently outstanding (i.e. for which their
		767	callback has not been invoked yet).
		768
		769	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:
		770
		771	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		772	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
		773
		774	=item IO::AIO::flush
		775
		776	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
		777
		778	Strictly equivalent to:
		779
		780	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		781	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
		782
		783	=item IO::AIO::poll
		784
		785	Waits until some requests have been handled.
		786
		787	Strictly equivalent to:
		788
		789	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		790	if IO::AIO::nreqs;
		791
		792	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
		793
		794	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current
		795	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute
		796	concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests,
		797	however, is unlimited).
		798
		799	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and
		800	no free thread exists.
		801
		802	It is recommended to keep the number of threads relatively low, as some
		803	Linux kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads
		804	(higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6
		805	versions, 4-32 threads should be fine.
		806
		807	Under most circumstances you don't need to call this function, as the
		808	module selects a default that is suitable for low to moderate load.
		809
		810	=item IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
		811
		812	Sets the maximum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. If more than the
		813	specified number of threads are currently running, this function kills
		814	them. This function blocks until the limit is reached.
		815
		816	While C<$nthreads> are zero, aio requests get queued but not executed
		817	until the number of threads has been increased again.
		818
		819	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure
		820	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.
		821
		822	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
		823
		824	=item $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs
		825
		826	[DEPRECATED]
		827
		828	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you
		829	try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will block until
		830	some requests have been handled.
		831
		832	The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. If you
		833	queue up many requests in a loop it often improves speed if you set
		834	this to a relatively low number, such as C<100>.
		835
		836	This function does not work well together with C<aio_group>'s, and their
		837	feeder interface is better suited to limiting concurrency, so do not use
		838	this function.
		839
		840	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
		841
		842	=back
238		843
239	=cut	844	=cut
240		845
241	# support function to convert a fd into a perl filehandle	846	# support function to convert a fd into a perl filehandle
242	sub _fd2fh {	847	sub _fd2fh {
243	return undef if $_[0] < 0;	848	return undef if $_[0] < 0;
244		849
245	# try to be perl5.6-compatible	850	# try to generate nice filehandles
246	local *AIO_FH;	851	my $sym = "IO::AIO::fd#$_[0]";
247	open AIO_FH, "+<&=$_[0]"	852	local *$sym;
		853
		854	open *$sym, "+<&=$_[0]" # usually works under any unix
		855	or open *$sym, "<&=$_[0]" # cygwin needs this
		856	or open *$sym, ">&=$_[0]" # or this
248	or return undef;	857	or return undef;
249		858
250	*AIO_FH	859	*$sym
251	}	860	}
252		861
253	min_parallel 4;	862	min_parallel 8;
254		863
255	END {	864	END {
256	max_parallel 0;	865	max_parallel 0;
257	}	866	}
258		867
259	1;	868	1;
260		869
261	=back	870	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR
262		871
263	=head1 BUGS	872	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:
264		873
265	- could be optimized to use more semaphores instead of filehandles.	874	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests
		875	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After
		876	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues
		877	request/result processing, while the child clears the request/result
		878	queue (so the requests started before the fork will only be handled in
		879	the parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit ste in the
		880	parent process has been reached again.
		881
		882	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had
		883	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used
		884	yet.
		885
		886	=head2 MEMORY USAGE
		887
		888	Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 128 bytes
		889	of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly a few
		890	hundred bytes). Perl scalars and other data passed into aio requests will
		891	also be locked.
		892
		893	This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a
		894	problem.
		895
		896	Each thread needs a stack area which is usually around 16k, sometimes much
		897	larger, depending on the OS.
266		898
267	=head1 SEE ALSO	899	=head1 SEE ALSO
268		900
269	L<Coro>, L<Linux::AIO>.	901	L<Coro::AIO>.
270		902
271	=head1 AUTHOR	903	=head1 AUTHOR
272		904
273	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	905	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
274	http://home.schmorp.de/	906	http://home.schmorp.de/

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Revision 1.68 by root, Tue Oct 24 03:17:39 2006 UTC