[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/IO-AIO/AIO.pm

Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.68 by root, Tue Oct 24 03:17:39 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.99 by root, Sun Jan 7 21:32:20 2007 UTC

…		…
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use IO::AIO;	7	use IO::AIO;
8		8
9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
10	my ($fh) = @_;	10	my $fh = shift
		11	or die "/etc/passwd: $!";
11	...	12	...
12	};	13	};
13		14
14	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };	15	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
15		16
…		…
51	=head1 DESCRIPTION	52	=head1 DESCRIPTION
52		53
53	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your	54	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
54	operating system supports.	55	operating system supports.
55		56
		57	Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program
		58	(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation
		59	will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This
		60	is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even
		61	when doing heavy I/O (GUI programs, high performance network servers
		62	etc.), but can also be used to easily do operations in parallel that are
		63	normally done sequentially, e.g. stat'ing many files, which is much faster
		64	on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations
		65	concurrently.
		66
		67	While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for example
		68	sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that support
		69	nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is very inefficient or
		70	might not work (aio_read fails on sockets/pipes/fifos). Use an event loop
		71	for that (such as the L<Event\|Event> module): IO::AIO will naturally fit
		72	into such an event loop itself.
		73
56	Currently, a number of threads are started that execute your read/writes	74	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your
57	and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in perl, and	75	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support
58	the threads created by this module will not be visible to perl. In the	76	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible
59	future, this module might make use of the native aio functions available	77	to perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio
60	on many operating systems. However, they are often not well-supported	78	functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often
61	(Linux doesn't allow them on normal files currently, for example),	79	not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal
62	and they would only support aio_read and aio_write, so the remaining	80	files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and
63	functionality would have to be implemented using threads anyway.	81	aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented
		82	using threads anyway.
64		83
65	Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads,	84	Although the module will work with in the presence of other (Perl-)
66	it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate locking	85	threads, it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate
67	yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never	86	locking yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or
68	call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.	87	never call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
		88
		89	=head2 EXAMPLE
		90
		91	This is a simple example that uses the Event module and loads
		92	F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:
		93
		94	use Fcntl;
		95	use Event;
		96	use IO::AIO;
		97
		98	# register the IO::AIO callback with Event
		99	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		100	poll => 'r',
		101	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		102
		103	# queue the request to open /etc/passwd
		104	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		105	my $fh = shift
		106	or die "error while opening: $!";
		107
		108	# stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking
		109	my $size = -s $fh;
		110
		111	# queue a request to read the file
		112	my $contents;
		113	aio_read $fh, 0, $size, $contents, 0, sub {
		114	$_[0] == $size
		115	or die "short read: $!";
		116
		117	close $fh;
		118
		119	# file contents now in $contents
		120	print $contents;
		121
		122	# exit event loop and program
		123	Event::unloop;
		124	};
		125	};
		126
		127	# possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,
		128	# check for sockets etc. etc.
		129
		130	# process events as long as there are some:
		131	Event::loop;
		132
		133	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME
		134
		135	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not
		136	directly visible to Perl.
		137
		138	If called in non-void context, every request function returns a Perl
		139	object representing the request. In void context, nothing is returned,
		140	which saves a bit of memory.
		141
		142	The perl object is a fairly standard ref-to-hash object. The hash contents
		143	are not used by IO::AIO so you are free to store anything you like in it.
		144
		145	During their existance, aio requests travel through the following states,
		146	in order:
		147
		148	=over 4
		149
		150	=item ready
		151
		152	Immediately after a request is created it is put into the ready state,
		153	waiting for a thread to execute it.
		154
		155	=item execute
		156
		157	A thread has accepted the request for processing and is currently
		158	executing it (e.g. blocking in read).
		159
		160	=item pending
		161
		162	The request has been executed and is waiting for result processing.
		163
		164	While request submission and execution is fully asynchronous, result
		165	processing is not and relies on the perl interpreter calling C<poll_cb>
		166	(or another function with the same effect).
		167
		168	=item result
		169
		170	The request results are processed synchronously by C<poll_cb>.
		171
		172	The C<poll_cb> function will process all outstanding aio requests by
		173	calling their callbacks, freeing memory associated with them and managing
		174	any groups they are contained in.
		175
		176	=item done
		177
		178	Request has reached the end of its lifetime and holds no resources anymore
		179	(except possibly for the Perl object, but its connection to the actual
		180	aio request is severed and calling its methods will either do nothing or
		181	result in a runtime error).
		182
		183	=back
69		184
70	=cut	185	=cut
71		186
72	package IO::AIO;	187	package IO::AIO;
73		188
…		…
75	use strict 'vars';	190	use strict 'vars';
76		191
77	use base 'Exporter';	192	use base 'Exporter';
78		193
79	BEGIN {	194	BEGIN {
80	our $VERSION = '2.0';	195	our $VERSION = '2.32';
81		196
82	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat	197	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat
83	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink	198	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink
84	aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link aio_move	199	aio_readlink aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link
85	aio_group aio_nop);	200	aio_move aio_copy aio_group aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree);
86	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri));	201	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice aio_block));
87	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush	202	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
88	min_parallel max_parallel max_outstanding nreqs);	203	min_parallel max_parallel max_idle
		204	nreqs nready npending nthreads
		205	max_poll_time max_poll_reqs);
89		206
90	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';	207	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
91		208
92	require XSLoader;	209	require XSLoader;
93	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);	210	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
94	}	211	}
95		212
96	=head1 FUNCTIONS	213	=head1 FUNCTIONS
97		214
98	=head2 AIO FUNCTIONS	215	=head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS
99		216
100	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall	217	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
101	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,	218	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
102	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument	219	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
103	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with	220	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
…		…
106	syscall has been executed asynchronously.	223	syscall has been executed asynchronously.
107		224
108	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle	225	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
109	internally until the request has finished.	226	internally until the request has finished.
110		227
111	All requests return objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow further	228	All functions return request objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow
112	manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.	229	further manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.
113		230
114	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and	231	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and
115	encoded in byte form. The reason for the former is that at the time the	232	encoded as octets. The reason for the former is that at the time the
116	request is being executed, the current working directory could have	233	request is being executed, the current working directory could have
117	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the	234	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the
118	current working directory.	235	current working directory anywhere in the program and then use relative
		236	paths.
119		237
120	To encode pathnames to byte form, either make sure you either: a)	238	To encode pathnames as octets, either make sure you either: a) always pass
121	always pass in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir	239	in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir etc.) without
122	etc.), b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode	240	tinkering, b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode
123	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user	241	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
124	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)	242	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
125	use something else.	243	use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.
		244
		245	This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO
		246	handles correctly wether it is set or not.
126		247
127	=over 4	248	=over 4
128		249
129	=item aioreq_pri $pri	250	=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
130		251
131	Sets the priority for the next aio request. The default priority	252	Returns the priority value that would be used for the next request and, if
		253	C<$pri> is given, sets the priority for the next aio request.
		254
132	is C<0>, the minimum and maximum priorities are C<-4> and C<4>,	255	The default priority is C<0>, the minimum and maximum priorities are C<-4>
133	respectively. Requests with higher priority will be serviced first.	256	and C<4>, respectively. Requests with higher priority will be serviced
		257	first.
134		258
135	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each call to one of the C<aio_>	259	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each call to one of the C<aio_*>
136	functions.	260	functions.
		261
		262	Example: open a file with low priority, then read something from it with
		263	higher priority so the read request is serviced before other low priority
		264	open requests (potentially spamming the cache):
		265
		266	aioreq_pri -3;
		267	aio_open ..., sub {
		268	return unless $_[0];
		269
		270	aioreq_pri -2;
		271	aio_read $_[0], ..., sub {
		272	...
		273	};
		274	};
		275
		276	=item aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
		277
		278	Similar to C<aioreq_pri>, but subtracts the given value from the current
		279	priority, so the effect is cumulative.
137		280
138	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)	281	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
139		282
140	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly	283	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly
141	created filehandle for the file.	284	created filehandle for the file.
…		…
192	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {	335	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {
193	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";	336	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
194	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";	337	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";
195	};	338	};
196		339
197	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
198
199	[EXPERIMENTAL due to internal aio_group use]
200
201	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
202	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
203	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
204
205	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If
206	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it creates the destination file with mode 0200
207	and copies the contents of the source file into it using C<aio_sendfile>,
208	followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, in that
209	order, and unlinking the C<$srcpath>.
210
211	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
212	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
213	errors are being ignored.
214
215	=cut
216
217	sub aio_move($$$) {
218	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
219
220	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
221
222	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
223	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
224	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
225	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
226	my @stat = stat $src_fh;
227
228	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_WRONLY, 0200, sub {
229	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
230	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
231	close $src_fh;
232
233	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
234	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
235	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
236	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
237	close $dst_fh;
238
239	add $grp aio_unlink $src, sub {
240	$grp->result ($_[0]);
241	};
242	} else {
243	my $errno = $!;
244	add $grp aio_unlink $dst, sub {
245	$! = $errno;
246	$grp->result (-1);
247	};
248	}
249	};
250	} else {
251	$grp->result (-1);
252	}
253	},
254
255	} else {
256	$grp->result (-1);
257	}
258	};
259	} else {
260	$grp->result ($_[0]);
261	}
262	};
263
264	$grp
265	}
266
267	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)	340	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
268		341
269	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts	342	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts
270	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current	343	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current
271	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more	344	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more
…		…
326	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)	399	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
327		400
328	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the	401	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the
329	result code.	402	result code.
330		403
		404	=item aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
		405
		406	[EXPERIMENTAL]
		407
		408	Asynchronously create a device node (or fifo). See mknod(2).
		409
		410	The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:
		411
		412	aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO \| $mode, 0, sub { ...
		413
331	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	414	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
332		415
333	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	416	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
334	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	417	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
335		418
336	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	419	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
337		420
338	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	421	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
339	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	422	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
		423
		424	=item aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link)
		425
		426	Asynchronously read the symlink specified by C<$path> and pass it to
		427	the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to the
		428	callback.
340		429
341	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	430	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
342		431
343	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as	432	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as
344	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.	433	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
…		…
355	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.	444	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
356		445
357	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref	446	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref
358	with the filenames.	447	with the filenames.
359		448
		449	=item aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)
		450
		451	This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into
		452	memory. Status is the same as with aio_read.
		453
		454	=cut
		455
		456	sub aio_load($$;$) {
		457	aio_block {
		458	my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_;
		459	my $data = \$_[1];
		460
		461	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		462	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		463
		464	aioreq_pri $pri;
		465	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		466	my ($fh) = @_
		467	or return $grp->result (-1);
		468
		469	aioreq_pri $pri;
		470	add $grp aio_read $fh, 0, (-s $fh), $$data, 0, sub {
		471	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		472	};
		473	};
		474
		475	$grp
		476	}
		477	}
		478
		479	=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		480
		481	Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		482	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		483	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
		484
		485	This is a composite request that it creates the destination file with
		486	mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using
		487	C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and
		488	uid/gid, in that order.
		489
		490	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
		491	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
		492	errors are being ignored.
		493
		494	=cut
		495
		496	sub aio_copy($$;$) {
		497	aio_block {
		498	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		499
		500	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		501	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		502
		503	aioreq_pri $pri;
		504	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		505	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
		506	my @stat = stat $src_fh;
		507
		508	aioreq_pri $pri;
		509	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT \| O_WRONLY \| O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {
		510	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
		511	aioreq_pri $pri;
		512	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
		513	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
		514	$grp->result (0);
		515	close $src_fh;
		516
		517	# those should not normally block. should. should.
		518	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
		519	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
		520	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
		521	close $dst_fh;
		522	} else {
		523	$grp->result (-1);
		524	close $src_fh;
		525	close $dst_fh;
		526
		527	aioreq $pri;
		528	add $grp aio_unlink $dst;
		529	}
		530	};
		531	} else {
		532	$grp->result (-1);
		533	}
		534	},
		535
		536	} else {
		537	$grp->result (-1);
		538	}
		539	};
		540
		541	$grp
		542	}
		543	}
		544
		545	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		546
		547	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		548	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		549	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
		550
		551	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If
		552	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if
		553	that is successful, unlinking the C<$srcpath>.
		554
		555	=cut
		556
		557	sub aio_move($$;$) {
		558	aio_block {
		559	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		560
		561	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		562	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		563
		564	aioreq_pri $pri;
		565	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
		566	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
		567	aioreq_pri $pri;
		568	add $grp aio_copy $src, $dst, sub {
		569	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		570
		571	if (!$_[0]) {
		572	aioreq_pri $pri;
		573	add $grp aio_unlink $src;
		574	}
		575	};
		576	} else {
		577	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		578	}
		579	};
		580
		581	$grp
		582	}
		583	}
		584
360	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)	585	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
361		586
362	[EXPERIMENTAL due to internal aio_group use]
363
364	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to	587	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
365	separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of names, ones	588	efficiently separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of
366	you can recurse into (directories or links to them), and ones you cannot	589	names, directories you can recurse into (directories), and ones you cannot
367	recurse into (everything else).	590	recurse into (everything else, including symlinks to directories).
368		591
369	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_	592	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_
370	C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that	593	C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that
371	this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default	594	this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default
372	will be chosen (currently 6).	595	will be chosen (currently 4).
373		596
374	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives	597	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives
375	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.	598	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.
376		599
377	Example:	600	Example:
…		…
412	directory counting heuristic.	635	directory counting heuristic.
413		636
414	=cut	637	=cut
415		638
416	sub aio_scandir($$$) {	639	sub aio_scandir($$$) {
		640	aio_block {
417	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;	641	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
418		642
		643	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		644
419	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	645	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
420		646
421	$maxreq = 6 if $maxreq <= 0;	647	$maxreq = 4 if $maxreq <= 0;
422		648
423	# stat once	649	# stat once
		650	aioreq_pri $pri;
424	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {	651	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
425	return $grp->result () if $_[0];	652	return $grp->result () if $_[0];
426	my $now = time;	653	my $now = time;
427	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	654	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
428		655
429	# read the directory entries	656	# read the directory entries
		657	aioreq_pri $pri;
430	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {	658	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {
431	my $entries = shift	659	my $entries = shift
432	or return $grp->result ();	660	or return $grp->result ();
433		661
434	# stat the dir another time	662	# stat the dir another time
		663	aioreq_pri $pri;
435	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {	664	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
436	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	665	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
437		666
438	my $ndirs;	667	my $ndirs;
439		668
440	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy	669	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy
441	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {	670	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {
442	$ndirs = -1;	671	$ndirs = -1;
443	} else {	672	} else {
444	# if nlink == 2, we are finished	673	# if nlink == 2, we are finished
445	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2	674	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2
446	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2	675	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2
447	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);	676	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);
448	}	677	}
449		678
450	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs	679	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs
451	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first	680	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first
452	$entries = [map $_->[0],	681	$entries = [map $_->[0],
453	sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }	682	sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }
454	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],	683	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
455	@$entries];	684	@$entries];
456		685
457	my (@dirs, @nondirs);	686	my (@dirs, @nondirs);
458		687
459	my ($statcb, $schedcb);
460	my $nreq = 0;
461
462	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group;	688	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {
463
464	$schedcb = sub {
465	if (@$entries) {
466	if ($nreq < $maxreq) {
467	my $ent = pop @$entries;
468	$nreq++;
469	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$ent/.", sub { $statcb->($_[0], $ent) };
470	}
471	} elsif (!$nreq) {
472	# finished
473	$statgrp->cancel;
474	undef $statcb;
475	undef $schedcb;
476	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);	689	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
477	}	690	};
		691
		692	limit $statgrp $maxreq;
		693	feed $statgrp sub {
		694	return unless @$entries;
		695	my $entry = pop @$entries;
		696
		697	aioreq_pri $pri;
		698	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {
		699	if ($_[0] < 0) {
		700	push @nondirs, $entry;
		701	} else {
		702	# need to check for real directory
		703	aioreq_pri $pri;
		704	add $statgrp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
		705	if (-d _) {
		706	push @dirs, $entry;
		707
		708	unless (--$ndirs) {
		709	push @nondirs, @$entries;
		710	feed $statgrp;
		711	}
		712	} else {
		713	push @nondirs, $entry;
		714	}
		715	}
		716	}
		717	};
		718	};
478	};	719	};
479	$statcb = sub {
480	my ($status, $entry) = @_;
481
482	if ($status < 0) {
483	$nreq--;
484	push @nondirs, $entry;
485	&$schedcb;
486	} else {
487	# need to check for real directory
488	add $grp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
489	$nreq--;
490
491	if (-d _) {
492	push @dirs, $entry;
493
494	if (!--$ndirs) {
495	push @nondirs, @$entries;
496	$entries = [];
497	}
498	} else {
499	push @nondirs, $entry;
500	}
501
502	&$schedcb;
503	}
504	}
505	};
506
507	&$schedcb while @$entries && $nreq < $maxreq;
508	};	720	};
509	};	721	};
		722
		723	$grp
510	};	724	}
		725	}
511		726
		727	=item aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)
		728
		729	Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the status of the final C<rmdir> only.
		730	This is a composite request that uses C<aio_scandir> to recurse into and rmdir directories, and
		731	unlink everything else.
		732
		733	=cut
		734
		735	sub aio_rmtree;
		736	sub aio_rmtree {
		737	aio_block {
		738	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
		739
		740	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		741	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		742
		743	aioreq_pri $pri;
		744	add $grp aio_scandir $path, 0, sub {
		745	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;
		746
		747	my $dirgrp = aio_group sub {
		748	add $grp aio_rmdir $path, sub {
		749	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		750	};
		751	};
		752
		753	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_rmtree "$path/$_" for @$dirs;
		754	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_unlink "$path/$_" for @$nondirs;
		755
		756	add $grp $dirgrp;
		757	};
		758
512	$grp	759	$grp
		760	}
513	}	761	}
514		762
515	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)	763	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
516		764
517	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback	765	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback
…		…
525	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be	773	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
526	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.	774	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
527		775
528	=item aio_group $callback->(...)	776	=item aio_group $callback->(...)
529		777
530	[EXPERIMENTAL]
531
532	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a	778	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
533	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle	779	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
534	many requests into a single, composite, request.	780	many requests into a single, composite, request with a definite callback
		781	and the ability to cancel the whole request with its subrequests.
535		782
536	Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below	783	Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below
537	for more info.	784	for more info.
538		785
539	Example:	786	Example:
…		…
558	phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will not	805	phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will not
559	be executed immediately but only after other requests in the queue have	806	be executed immediately but only after other requests in the queue have
560	entered their execution phase. This can be used to measure request	807	entered their execution phase. This can be used to measure request
561	latency.	808	latency.
562		809
563	=item IO::AIO::aio_sleep $fractional_seconds, $callback->() NOT EXPORTED	810	=item IO::AIO::aio_busy $fractional_seconds, $callback->() NOT EXPORTED
564		811
565	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of	812	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of
566	the request workers to sleep for the given time.	813	the request workers to sleep for the given time.
567		814
568	While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests	815	While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests
569	like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates	816	like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates is
570	is immense, so do not use this function except to put your application	817	immense (it blocks a thread for a long time) so do not use this function
571	under artificial I/O pressure.	818	except to put your application under artificial I/O pressure.
572		819
573	=back	820	=back
574		821
575	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS	822	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS
576		823
577	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when	824	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when
578	called in non-void context.	825	called in non-void context.
579
580	A request always moves through the following five states in its lifetime,
581	in order: B<ready> (request has been created, but has not been executed
582	yet), B<execute> (request is currently being executed), B<pending>
583	(request has been executed but callback has not been called yet),
584	B<result> (results are being processed synchronously, includes calling the
585	callback) and B<done> (request has reached the end of its lifetime and
586	holds no resources anymore).
587		826
588	=over 4	827	=over 4
589		828
590	=item cancel $req	829	=item cancel $req
591		830
…		…
645	=item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.	884	=item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.
646		885
647	=item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or	886	=item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or
648	any later time).	887	any later time).
649		888
650	=item * This does not harmonise well with C<max_outstanding>, so best do
651	not combine C<aio_group> with it. Groups and feeders are recommended for
652	this kind of concurrency-limiting.
653
654	=back	889	=back
655		890
656	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they	891	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
657	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the	892	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
658	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to	893	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
…		…
673	be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular	908	be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular
674	dependencies.	909	dependencies.
675		910
676	Returns all its arguments.	911	Returns all its arguments.
677		912
		913	=item $grp->cancel_subs
		914
		915	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request
		916	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.
		917
678	=item $grp->result (...)	918	=item $grp->result (...)
679		919
680	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all	920	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
681	subrequests have finished. By default, no argument will be passed.	921	subrequests have finished and set thre groups errno to the current value
		922	of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default,
		923	no argument will be passed and errno is zero.
		924
		925	=item $grp->errno ([$errno])
		926
		927	Sets the group errno value to C<$errno>, or the current value of errno
		928	when the argument is missing.
		929
		930	Every aio request has an associated errno value that is restored when
		931	the callback is invoked. This method lets you change this value from its
		932	default (0).
		933
		934	Calling C<result> will also set errno, so make sure you either set C<$!>
		935	before the call to C<result>, or call c<errno> after it.
682		936
683	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)	937	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
684
685	[VERY EXPERIMENTAL]
686		938
687	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached	939	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
688	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,	940	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
689	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,	941	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
690	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For	942	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For
…		…
727		979
728	=back	980	=back
729		981
730	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS	982	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
731		983
		984	=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
		985
732	=over 4	986	=over 4
733		987
734	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno	988	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
735		989
736	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be	990	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be
…		…
740		994
741	See C<poll_cb> for an example.	995	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
742		996
743	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb	997	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
744		998
745	Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this	999	Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
746	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately	1000	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately
747	when no events are outstanding.	1001	when no events are outstanding. The amount of events processed depends on
		1002	the settings of C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.
		1003
		1004	If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle
		1005	will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns.
748		1006
749	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls	1007	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
750	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:	1008	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:
751		1009
752	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	1010	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
753	poll => 'r', async => 1,	1011	poll => 'r', async => 1,
754	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	1012	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
755		1013
		1014	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
		1015
		1016	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
		1017
		1018	These set the maximum number of requests (default C<0>, meaning infinity)
		1019	that are being processed by C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> in one call, respectively
		1020	the maximum amount of time (default C<0>, meaning infinity) spent in
		1021	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> to process requests (more correctly the mininum amount
		1022	of time C<poll_cb> is allowed to use).
		1023
		1024	Setting C<max_poll_time> to a non-zero value creates an overhead of one
		1025	syscall per request processed, which is not normally a problem unless your
		1026	callbacks are really really fast or your OS is really really slow (I am
		1027	not mentioning Solaris here). Using C<max_poll_reqs> incurs no overhead.
		1028
		1029	Setting these is useful if you want to ensure some level of
		1030	interactiveness when perl is not fast enough to process all requests in
		1031	time.
		1032
		1033	For interactive programs, values such as C<0.01> to C<0.1> should be fine.
		1034
		1035	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
		1036	IO::AIO::poll_cb with low priority, to ensure that other parts of the
		1037	program get the CPU sometimes even under high AIO load.
		1038
		1039	# try not to spend much more than 0.1s in poll_cb
		1040	IO::AIO::max_poll_time 0.1;
		1041
		1042	# use a low priority so other tasks have priority
		1043	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1044	poll => 'r', nice => 1,
		1045	cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1046
756	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait	1047	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
757		1048
		1049	If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result
758	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a	1050	phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply
759	C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait	1051	does a C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to
760	for some requests to finish).	1052	synchronously wait for some requests to finish).
761		1053
762	See C<nreqs> for an example.	1054	See C<nreqs> for an example.
763		1055
		1056	=item IO::AIO::poll
		1057
		1058	Waits until some requests have been handled.
		1059
		1060	Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly
		1061	equivalent to:
		1062
		1063	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1064
764	=item IO::AIO::nreqs	1065	=item IO::AIO::flush
765		1066
766	Returns the number of requests currently outstanding (i.e. for which their	1067	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
767	callback has not been invoked yet).
768		1068
769	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:	1069	Strictly equivalent to:
770		1070
771	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb	1071	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
772	while IO::AIO::nreqs;	1072	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
773		1073
774	=item IO::AIO::flush	1074	=head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS
775
776	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
777
778	Strictly equivalent to:
779
780	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
781	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
782
783	=item IO::AIO::poll
784
785	Waits until some requests have been handled.
786
787	Strictly equivalent to:
788
789	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
790	if IO::AIO::nreqs;
791		1075
792	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads	1076	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
793		1077
794	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current	1078	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current
795	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute	1079	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute
796	concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests,	1080	concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests,
797	however, is unlimited).	1081	however, is unlimited).
798		1082
799	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and	1083	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and
800	no free thread exists.	1084	no free thread exists. Please note that queueing up a hundred requests can
		1085	create demand for a hundred threads, even if it turns out that everything
		1086	is in the cache and could have been processed faster by a single thread.
801		1087
802	It is recommended to keep the number of threads relatively low, as some	1088	It is recommended to keep the number of threads relatively low, as some
803	Linux kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads	1089	Linux kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads
804	(higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6	1090	(higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6
805	versions, 4-32 threads should be fine.	1091	versions, 4-32 threads should be fine.
…		…
819	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure	1105	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure
820	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.	1106	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.
821		1107
822	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	1108	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
823		1109
		1110	=item IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
		1111
		1112	Limit the number of threads (default: 4) that are allowed to idle (i.e.,
		1113	threads that did not get a request to process within 10 seconds). That
		1114	means if a thread becomes idle while C<$nthreads> other threads are also
		1115	idle, it will free its resources and exit.
		1116
		1117	This is useful when you allow a large number of threads (e.g. 100 or 1000)
		1118	to allow for extremely high load situations, but want to free resources
		1119	under normal circumstances (1000 threads can easily consume 30MB of RAM).
		1120
		1121	The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread
		1122	creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might
		1123	want to use larger values.
		1124
824	=item $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs	1125	=item $oldmaxreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
825		1126
826	[DEPRECATED]	1127	This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it
		1128	blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better
		1129	use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.
827		1130
828	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you	1131	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you
829	try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will block until	1132	to queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to the
830	some requests have been handled.	1133	C<poll_cb> (and C<poll_some> and other functions calling C<poll_cb>)
		1134	function will block until the limit is no longer exceeded.
831		1135
832	The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. If you	1136	The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the
833	queue up many requests in a loop it often improves speed if you set	1137	number of outstanding requests.
834	this to a relatively low number, such as C<100>.
835		1138
836	This function does not work well together with C<aio_group>'s, and their	1139	You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore,
837	feeder interface is better suited to limiting concurrency, so do not use	1140	C<max_oustsanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or
838	this function.	1141	as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values).
839		1142
840	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	1143	=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION
		1144
		1145	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
		1146
		1147	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready, execute or pending
		1148	states (i.e. for which their callback has not been invoked yet).
		1149
		1150	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:
		1151
		1152	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1153	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
		1154
		1155	=item IO::AIO::nready
		1156
		1157	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready state (not yet
		1158	executed).
		1159
		1160	=item IO::AIO::npending
		1161
		1162	Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,
		1163	but not yet processed by poll_cb).
841		1164
842	=back	1165	=back
843		1166
844	=cut	1167	=cut
845		1168
…		…
859	*$sym	1182	*$sym
860	}	1183	}
861		1184
862	min_parallel 8;	1185	min_parallel 8;
863		1186
864	END {	1187	END { flush }
865	max_parallel 0;
866	}
867		1188
868	1;	1189	1;
869		1190
870	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR	1191	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR
871		1192
872	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:	1193	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:
873		1194
874	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests	1195	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests
875	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After	1196	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After
876	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues	1197	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues
877	request/result processing, while the child clears the request/result	1198	request/result processing, while the child frees the request/result queue
878	queue (so the requests started before the fork will only be handled in	1199	(so that the requests started before the fork will only be handled in the
879	the parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit ste in the	1200	parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit set in the
880	parent process has been reached again.	1201	parent process has been reached again.
881		1202
882	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had	1203	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had
883	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used	1204	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used
884	yet.	1205	yet.
885		1206
886	=head2 MEMORY USAGE	1207	=head2 MEMORY USAGE
887		1208
		1209	Per-request usage:
		1210
888	Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 128 bytes	1211	Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 100-200
889	of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly a few	1212	bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly
890	hundred bytes). Perl scalars and other data passed into aio requests will	1213	a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl
891	also be locked.	1214	scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and
		1215	will consume memory till the request has entered the done state.
892		1216
893	This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a	1217	This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a
894	problem.	1218	problem.
895		1219
896	Each thread needs a stack area which is usually around 16k, sometimes much	1220	Per-thread usage:
897	larger, depending on the OS.	1221
		1222	In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for
		1223	temporary buffers, and each thread requires a stack and other data
		1224	structures (usually around 16k-128k, depending on the OS).
		1225
		1226	=head1 KNOWN BUGS
		1227
		1228	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.
898		1229
899	=head1 SEE ALSO	1230	=head1 SEE ALSO
900		1231
901	L<Coro::AIO>.	1232	L<Coro::AIO>.
902		1233

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Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents): Revision 1.68 by root, Tue Oct 24 03:17:39 2006 UTC vs. Revision 1.99 by root, Sun Jan 7 21:32:20 2007 UTC

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Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.68 by root, Tue Oct 24 03:17:39 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.99 by root, Sun Jan 7 21:32:20 2007 UTC