[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/IO-AIO/AIO.pm

Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.69 by root, Tue Oct 24 03:40:25 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.99 by root, Sun Jan 7 21:32:20 2007 UTC

…		…
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use IO::AIO;	7	use IO::AIO;
8		8
9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
10	my ($fh) = @_;	10	my $fh = shift
		11	or die "/etc/passwd: $!";
11	...	12	...
12	};	13	};
13		14
14	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };	15	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
15		16
…		…
51	=head1 DESCRIPTION	52	=head1 DESCRIPTION
52		53
53	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your	54	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
54	operating system supports.	55	operating system supports.
55		56
		57	Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program
		58	(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation
		59	will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This
		60	is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even
		61	when doing heavy I/O (GUI programs, high performance network servers
		62	etc.), but can also be used to easily do operations in parallel that are
		63	normally done sequentially, e.g. stat'ing many files, which is much faster
		64	on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations
		65	concurrently.
		66
		67	While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for example
		68	sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that support
		69	nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is very inefficient or
		70	might not work (aio_read fails on sockets/pipes/fifos). Use an event loop
		71	for that (such as the L<Event\|Event> module): IO::AIO will naturally fit
		72	into such an event loop itself.
		73
56	Currently, a number of threads are started that execute your read/writes	74	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your
57	and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in perl, and	75	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support
58	the threads created by this module will not be visible to perl. In the	76	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible
59	future, this module might make use of the native aio functions available	77	to perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio
60	on many operating systems. However, they are often not well-supported	78	functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often
61	(Linux doesn't allow them on normal files currently, for example),	79	not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal
62	and they would only support aio_read and aio_write, so the remaining	80	files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and
63	functionality would have to be implemented using threads anyway.	81	aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented
		82	using threads anyway.
64		83
65	Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads,	84	Although the module will work with in the presence of other (Perl-)
66	it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate locking	85	threads, it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate
67	yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never	86	locking yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or
68	call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.	87	never call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
		88
		89	=head2 EXAMPLE
		90
		91	This is a simple example that uses the Event module and loads
		92	F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:
		93
		94	use Fcntl;
		95	use Event;
		96	use IO::AIO;
		97
		98	# register the IO::AIO callback with Event
		99	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		100	poll => 'r',
		101	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		102
		103	# queue the request to open /etc/passwd
		104	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		105	my $fh = shift
		106	or die "error while opening: $!";
		107
		108	# stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking
		109	my $size = -s $fh;
		110
		111	# queue a request to read the file
		112	my $contents;
		113	aio_read $fh, 0, $size, $contents, 0, sub {
		114	$_[0] == $size
		115	or die "short read: $!";
		116
		117	close $fh;
		118
		119	# file contents now in $contents
		120	print $contents;
		121
		122	# exit event loop and program
		123	Event::unloop;
		124	};
		125	};
		126
		127	# possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,
		128	# check for sockets etc. etc.
		129
		130	# process events as long as there are some:
		131	Event::loop;
		132
		133	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME
		134
		135	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not
		136	directly visible to Perl.
		137
		138	If called in non-void context, every request function returns a Perl
		139	object representing the request. In void context, nothing is returned,
		140	which saves a bit of memory.
		141
		142	The perl object is a fairly standard ref-to-hash object. The hash contents
		143	are not used by IO::AIO so you are free to store anything you like in it.
		144
		145	During their existance, aio requests travel through the following states,
		146	in order:
		147
		148	=over 4
		149
		150	=item ready
		151
		152	Immediately after a request is created it is put into the ready state,
		153	waiting for a thread to execute it.
		154
		155	=item execute
		156
		157	A thread has accepted the request for processing and is currently
		158	executing it (e.g. blocking in read).
		159
		160	=item pending
		161
		162	The request has been executed and is waiting for result processing.
		163
		164	While request submission and execution is fully asynchronous, result
		165	processing is not and relies on the perl interpreter calling C<poll_cb>
		166	(or another function with the same effect).
		167
		168	=item result
		169
		170	The request results are processed synchronously by C<poll_cb>.
		171
		172	The C<poll_cb> function will process all outstanding aio requests by
		173	calling their callbacks, freeing memory associated with them and managing
		174	any groups they are contained in.
		175
		176	=item done
		177
		178	Request has reached the end of its lifetime and holds no resources anymore
		179	(except possibly for the Perl object, but its connection to the actual
		180	aio request is severed and calling its methods will either do nothing or
		181	result in a runtime error).
		182
		183	=back
69		184
70	=cut	185	=cut
71		186
72	package IO::AIO;	187	package IO::AIO;
73		188
…		…
75	use strict 'vars';	190	use strict 'vars';
76		191
77	use base 'Exporter';	192	use base 'Exporter';
78		193
79	BEGIN {	194	BEGIN {
80	our $VERSION = '2.0';	195	our $VERSION = '2.32';
81		196
82	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat	197	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat
83	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink	198	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink
84	aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link aio_move	199	aio_readlink aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link
85	aio_group aio_nop);	200	aio_move aio_copy aio_group aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree);
86	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri));	201	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice aio_block));
87	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush	202	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
88	min_parallel max_parallel max_outstanding nreqs);	203	min_parallel max_parallel max_idle
		204	nreqs nready npending nthreads
		205	max_poll_time max_poll_reqs);
89		206
90	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';	207	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
91		208
92	require XSLoader;	209	require XSLoader;
93	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);	210	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
94	}	211	}
95		212
96	=head1 FUNCTIONS	213	=head1 FUNCTIONS
97		214
98	=head2 AIO FUNCTIONS	215	=head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS
99		216
100	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall	217	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
101	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,	218	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
102	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument	219	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
103	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with	220	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
…		…
106	syscall has been executed asynchronously.	223	syscall has been executed asynchronously.
107		224
108	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle	225	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
109	internally until the request has finished.	226	internally until the request has finished.
110		227
111	All requests return objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow further	228	All functions return request objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow
112	manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.	229	further manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.
113		230
114	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and	231	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and
115	encoded in byte form. The reason for the former is that at the time the	232	encoded as octets. The reason for the former is that at the time the
116	request is being executed, the current working directory could have	233	request is being executed, the current working directory could have
117	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the	234	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the
118	current working directory.	235	current working directory anywhere in the program and then use relative
		236	paths.
119		237
120	To encode pathnames to byte form, either make sure you either: a)	238	To encode pathnames as octets, either make sure you either: a) always pass
121	always pass in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir	239	in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir etc.) without
122	etc.), b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode	240	tinkering, b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode
123	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user	241	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
124	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)	242	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
125	use something else.	243	use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.
		244
		245	This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO
		246	handles correctly wether it is set or not.
126		247
127	=over 4	248	=over 4
128		249
129	=item aioreq_pri $pri	250	=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
130		251
131	Sets the priority for the next aio request. The default priority	252	Returns the priority value that would be used for the next request and, if
		253	C<$pri> is given, sets the priority for the next aio request.
		254
132	is C<0>, the minimum and maximum priorities are C<-4> and C<4>,	255	The default priority is C<0>, the minimum and maximum priorities are C<-4>
133	respectively. Requests with higher priority will be serviced first.	256	and C<4>, respectively. Requests with higher priority will be serviced
		257	first.
134		258
135	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each call to one of the C<aio_>	259	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each call to one of the C<aio_*>
136	functions.	260	functions.
137		261
138	Example: open a file with low priority, then read something from it with	262	Example: open a file with low priority, then read something from it with
139	higher priority so the read request is serviced before other low priority	263	higher priority so the read request is serviced before other low priority
140	open requests (potentially spamming the cache):	264	open requests (potentially spamming the cache):
…		…
150	};	274	};
151		275
152	=item aioreq_nice $pri_adjust	276	=item aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
153		277
154	Similar to C<aioreq_pri>, but subtracts the given value from the current	278	Similar to C<aioreq_pri>, but subtracts the given value from the current
155	priority, so effects are cumulative.	279	priority, so the effect is cumulative.
156		280
157	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)	281	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
158		282
159	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly	283	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly
160	created filehandle for the file.	284	created filehandle for the file.
…		…
211	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {	335	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {
212	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";	336	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
213	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";	337	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";
214	};	338	};
215		339
216	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
217
218	[EXPERIMENTAL due to internal aio_group use]
219
220	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
221	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
222	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
223
224	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If
225	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it creates the destination file with mode 0200
226	and copies the contents of the source file into it using C<aio_sendfile>,
227	followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, in that
228	order, and unlinking the C<$srcpath>.
229
230	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
231	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
232	errors are being ignored.
233
234	=cut
235
236	sub aio_move($$$) {
237	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
238
239	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
240
241	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
242	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
243	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
244	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
245	my @stat = stat $src_fh;
246
247	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_WRONLY, 0200, sub {
248	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
249	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
250	close $src_fh;
251
252	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
253	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
254	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
255	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
256	close $dst_fh;
257
258	add $grp aio_unlink $src, sub {
259	$grp->result ($_[0]);
260	};
261	} else {
262	my $errno = $!;
263	add $grp aio_unlink $dst, sub {
264	$! = $errno;
265	$grp->result (-1);
266	};
267	}
268	};
269	} else {
270	$grp->result (-1);
271	}
272	},
273
274	} else {
275	$grp->result (-1);
276	}
277	};
278	} else {
279	$grp->result ($_[0]);
280	}
281	};
282
283	$grp
284	}
285
286	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)	340	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
287		341
288	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts	342	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts
289	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current	343	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current
290	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more	344	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more
…		…
345	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)	399	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
346		400
347	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the	401	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the
348	result code.	402	result code.
349		403
		404	=item aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
		405
		406	[EXPERIMENTAL]
		407
		408	Asynchronously create a device node (or fifo). See mknod(2).
		409
		410	The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:
		411
		412	aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO \| $mode, 0, sub { ...
		413
350	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	414	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
351		415
352	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	416	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
353	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	417	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
354		418
355	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	419	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
356		420
357	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	421	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
358	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	422	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
		423
		424	=item aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link)
		425
		426	Asynchronously read the symlink specified by C<$path> and pass it to
		427	the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to the
		428	callback.
359		429
360	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	430	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
361		431
362	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as	432	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as
363	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.	433	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
…		…
374	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.	444	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
375		445
376	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref	446	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref
377	with the filenames.	447	with the filenames.
378		448
		449	=item aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)
		450
		451	This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into
		452	memory. Status is the same as with aio_read.
		453
		454	=cut
		455
		456	sub aio_load($$;$) {
		457	aio_block {
		458	my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_;
		459	my $data = \$_[1];
		460
		461	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		462	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		463
		464	aioreq_pri $pri;
		465	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		466	my ($fh) = @_
		467	or return $grp->result (-1);
		468
		469	aioreq_pri $pri;
		470	add $grp aio_read $fh, 0, (-s $fh), $$data, 0, sub {
		471	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		472	};
		473	};
		474
		475	$grp
		476	}
		477	}
		478
		479	=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		480
		481	Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		482	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		483	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
		484
		485	This is a composite request that it creates the destination file with
		486	mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using
		487	C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and
		488	uid/gid, in that order.
		489
		490	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
		491	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
		492	errors are being ignored.
		493
		494	=cut
		495
		496	sub aio_copy($$;$) {
		497	aio_block {
		498	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		499
		500	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		501	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		502
		503	aioreq_pri $pri;
		504	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		505	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
		506	my @stat = stat $src_fh;
		507
		508	aioreq_pri $pri;
		509	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT \| O_WRONLY \| O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {
		510	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
		511	aioreq_pri $pri;
		512	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
		513	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
		514	$grp->result (0);
		515	close $src_fh;
		516
		517	# those should not normally block. should. should.
		518	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
		519	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
		520	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
		521	close $dst_fh;
		522	} else {
		523	$grp->result (-1);
		524	close $src_fh;
		525	close $dst_fh;
		526
		527	aioreq $pri;
		528	add $grp aio_unlink $dst;
		529	}
		530	};
		531	} else {
		532	$grp->result (-1);
		533	}
		534	},
		535
		536	} else {
		537	$grp->result (-1);
		538	}
		539	};
		540
		541	$grp
		542	}
		543	}
		544
		545	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		546
		547	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		548	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		549	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
		550
		551	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If
		552	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if
		553	that is successful, unlinking the C<$srcpath>.
		554
		555	=cut
		556
		557	sub aio_move($$;$) {
		558	aio_block {
		559	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		560
		561	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		562	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		563
		564	aioreq_pri $pri;
		565	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
		566	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
		567	aioreq_pri $pri;
		568	add $grp aio_copy $src, $dst, sub {
		569	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		570
		571	if (!$_[0]) {
		572	aioreq_pri $pri;
		573	add $grp aio_unlink $src;
		574	}
		575	};
		576	} else {
		577	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		578	}
		579	};
		580
		581	$grp
		582	}
		583	}
		584
379	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)	585	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
380		586
381	[EXPERIMENTAL due to internal aio_group use]
382
383	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to	587	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
384	separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of names, ones	588	efficiently separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of
385	you can recurse into (directories or links to them), and ones you cannot	589	names, directories you can recurse into (directories), and ones you cannot
386	recurse into (everything else).	590	recurse into (everything else, including symlinks to directories).
387		591
388	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_	592	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_
389	C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that	593	C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that
390	this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default	594	this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default
391	will be chosen (currently 6).	595	will be chosen (currently 4).
392		596
393	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives	597	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives
394	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.	598	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.
395		599
396	Example:	600	Example:
…		…
431	directory counting heuristic.	635	directory counting heuristic.
432		636
433	=cut	637	=cut
434		638
435	sub aio_scandir($$$) {	639	sub aio_scandir($$$) {
		640	aio_block {
436	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;	641	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
437		642
		643	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		644
438	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	645	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
439		646
440	$maxreq = 6 if $maxreq <= 0;	647	$maxreq = 4 if $maxreq <= 0;
441		648
442	# stat once	649	# stat once
		650	aioreq_pri $pri;
443	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {	651	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
444	return $grp->result () if $_[0];	652	return $grp->result () if $_[0];
445	my $now = time;	653	my $now = time;
446	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	654	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
447		655
448	# read the directory entries	656	# read the directory entries
		657	aioreq_pri $pri;
449	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {	658	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {
450	my $entries = shift	659	my $entries = shift
451	or return $grp->result ();	660	or return $grp->result ();
452		661
453	# stat the dir another time	662	# stat the dir another time
		663	aioreq_pri $pri;
454	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {	664	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
455	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	665	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
456		666
457	my $ndirs;	667	my $ndirs;
458		668
459	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy	669	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy
460	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {	670	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {
461	$ndirs = -1;	671	$ndirs = -1;
462	} else {	672	} else {
463	# if nlink == 2, we are finished	673	# if nlink == 2, we are finished
464	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2	674	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2
465	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2	675	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2
466	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);	676	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);
467	}	677	}
468		678
469	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs	679	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs
470	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first	680	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first
471	$entries = [map $_->[0],	681	$entries = [map $_->[0],
472	sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }	682	sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }
473	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],	683	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
474	@$entries];	684	@$entries];
475		685
476	my (@dirs, @nondirs);	686	my (@dirs, @nondirs);
477		687
478	my ($statcb, $schedcb);
479	my $nreq = 0;
480
481	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group;	688	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {
482
483	$schedcb = sub {
484	if (@$entries) {
485	if ($nreq < $maxreq) {
486	my $ent = pop @$entries;
487	$nreq++;
488	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$ent/.", sub { $statcb->($_[0], $ent) };
489	}
490	} elsif (!$nreq) {
491	# finished
492	$statgrp->cancel;
493	undef $statcb;
494	undef $schedcb;
495	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);	689	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
496	}	690	};
		691
		692	limit $statgrp $maxreq;
		693	feed $statgrp sub {
		694	return unless @$entries;
		695	my $entry = pop @$entries;
		696
		697	aioreq_pri $pri;
		698	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {
		699	if ($_[0] < 0) {
		700	push @nondirs, $entry;
		701	} else {
		702	# need to check for real directory
		703	aioreq_pri $pri;
		704	add $statgrp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
		705	if (-d _) {
		706	push @dirs, $entry;
		707
		708	unless (--$ndirs) {
		709	push @nondirs, @$entries;
		710	feed $statgrp;
		711	}
		712	} else {
		713	push @nondirs, $entry;
		714	}
		715	}
		716	}
		717	};
		718	};
497	};	719	};
498	$statcb = sub {
499	my ($status, $entry) = @_;
500
501	if ($status < 0) {
502	$nreq--;
503	push @nondirs, $entry;
504	&$schedcb;
505	} else {
506	# need to check for real directory
507	add $grp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
508	$nreq--;
509
510	if (-d _) {
511	push @dirs, $entry;
512
513	if (!--$ndirs) {
514	push @nondirs, @$entries;
515	$entries = [];
516	}
517	} else {
518	push @nondirs, $entry;
519	}
520
521	&$schedcb;
522	}
523	}
524	};
525
526	&$schedcb while @$entries && $nreq < $maxreq;
527	};	720	};
528	};	721	};
		722
		723	$grp
529	};	724	}
		725	}
530		726
		727	=item aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)
		728
		729	Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the status of the final C<rmdir> only.
		730	This is a composite request that uses C<aio_scandir> to recurse into and rmdir directories, and
		731	unlink everything else.
		732
		733	=cut
		734
		735	sub aio_rmtree;
		736	sub aio_rmtree {
		737	aio_block {
		738	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
		739
		740	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		741	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		742
		743	aioreq_pri $pri;
		744	add $grp aio_scandir $path, 0, sub {
		745	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;
		746
		747	my $dirgrp = aio_group sub {
		748	add $grp aio_rmdir $path, sub {
		749	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		750	};
		751	};
		752
		753	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_rmtree "$path/$_" for @$dirs;
		754	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_unlink "$path/$_" for @$nondirs;
		755
		756	add $grp $dirgrp;
		757	};
		758
531	$grp	759	$grp
		760	}
532	}	761	}
533		762
534	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)	763	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
535		764
536	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback	765	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback
…		…
544	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be	773	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
545	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.	774	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
546		775
547	=item aio_group $callback->(...)	776	=item aio_group $callback->(...)
548		777
549	[EXPERIMENTAL]
550
551	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a	778	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
552	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle	779	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
553	many requests into a single, composite, request.	780	many requests into a single, composite, request with a definite callback
		781	and the ability to cancel the whole request with its subrequests.
554		782
555	Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below	783	Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below
556	for more info.	784	for more info.
557		785
558	Example:	786	Example:
…		…
577	phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will not	805	phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will not
578	be executed immediately but only after other requests in the queue have	806	be executed immediately but only after other requests in the queue have
579	entered their execution phase. This can be used to measure request	807	entered their execution phase. This can be used to measure request
580	latency.	808	latency.
581		809
582	=item IO::AIO::aio_sleep $fractional_seconds, $callback->() NOT EXPORTED	810	=item IO::AIO::aio_busy $fractional_seconds, $callback->() NOT EXPORTED
583		811
584	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of	812	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of
585	the request workers to sleep for the given time.	813	the request workers to sleep for the given time.
586		814
587	While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests	815	While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests
588	like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates	816	like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates is
589	is immense, so do not use this function except to put your application	817	immense (it blocks a thread for a long time) so do not use this function
590	under artificial I/O pressure.	818	except to put your application under artificial I/O pressure.
591		819
592	=back	820	=back
593		821
594	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS	822	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS
595		823
596	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when	824	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when
597	called in non-void context.	825	called in non-void context.
598
599	A request always moves through the following five states in its lifetime,
600	in order: B<ready> (request has been created, but has not been executed
601	yet), B<execute> (request is currently being executed), B<pending>
602	(request has been executed but callback has not been called yet),
603	B<result> (results are being processed synchronously, includes calling the
604	callback) and B<done> (request has reached the end of its lifetime and
605	holds no resources anymore).
606		826
607	=over 4	827	=over 4
608		828
609	=item cancel $req	829	=item cancel $req
610		830
…		…
664	=item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.	884	=item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.
665		885
666	=item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or	886	=item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or
667	any later time).	887	any later time).
668		888
669	=item * This does not harmonise well with C<max_outstanding>, so best do
670	not combine C<aio_group> with it. Groups and feeders are recommended for
671	this kind of concurrency-limiting.
672
673	=back	889	=back
674		890
675	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they	891	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
676	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the	892	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
677	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to	893	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
…		…
692	be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular	908	be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular
693	dependencies.	909	dependencies.
694		910
695	Returns all its arguments.	911	Returns all its arguments.
696		912
		913	=item $grp->cancel_subs
		914
		915	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request
		916	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.
		917
697	=item $grp->result (...)	918	=item $grp->result (...)
698		919
699	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all	920	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
700	subrequests have finished. By default, no argument will be passed.	921	subrequests have finished and set thre groups errno to the current value
		922	of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default,
		923	no argument will be passed and errno is zero.
		924
		925	=item $grp->errno ([$errno])
		926
		927	Sets the group errno value to C<$errno>, or the current value of errno
		928	when the argument is missing.
		929
		930	Every aio request has an associated errno value that is restored when
		931	the callback is invoked. This method lets you change this value from its
		932	default (0).
		933
		934	Calling C<result> will also set errno, so make sure you either set C<$!>
		935	before the call to C<result>, or call c<errno> after it.
701		936
702	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)	937	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
703
704	[VERY EXPERIMENTAL]
705		938
706	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached	939	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
707	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,	940	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
708	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,	941	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
709	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For	942	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For
…		…
746		979
747	=back	980	=back
748		981
749	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS	982	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
750		983
		984	=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
		985
751	=over 4	986	=over 4
752		987
753	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno	988	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
754		989
755	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be	990	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be
…		…
759		994
760	See C<poll_cb> for an example.	995	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
761		996
762	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb	997	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
763		998
764	Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this	999	Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
765	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately	1000	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately
766	when no events are outstanding.	1001	when no events are outstanding. The amount of events processed depends on
		1002	the settings of C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.
		1003
		1004	If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle
		1005	will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns.
767		1006
768	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls	1007	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
769	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:	1008	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:
770		1009
771	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	1010	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
772	poll => 'r', async => 1,	1011	poll => 'r', async => 1,
773	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	1012	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
774		1013
		1014	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
		1015
		1016	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
		1017
		1018	These set the maximum number of requests (default C<0>, meaning infinity)
		1019	that are being processed by C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> in one call, respectively
		1020	the maximum amount of time (default C<0>, meaning infinity) spent in
		1021	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> to process requests (more correctly the mininum amount
		1022	of time C<poll_cb> is allowed to use).
		1023
		1024	Setting C<max_poll_time> to a non-zero value creates an overhead of one
		1025	syscall per request processed, which is not normally a problem unless your
		1026	callbacks are really really fast or your OS is really really slow (I am
		1027	not mentioning Solaris here). Using C<max_poll_reqs> incurs no overhead.
		1028
		1029	Setting these is useful if you want to ensure some level of
		1030	interactiveness when perl is not fast enough to process all requests in
		1031	time.
		1032
		1033	For interactive programs, values such as C<0.01> to C<0.1> should be fine.
		1034
		1035	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
		1036	IO::AIO::poll_cb with low priority, to ensure that other parts of the
		1037	program get the CPU sometimes even under high AIO load.
		1038
		1039	# try not to spend much more than 0.1s in poll_cb
		1040	IO::AIO::max_poll_time 0.1;
		1041
		1042	# use a low priority so other tasks have priority
		1043	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1044	poll => 'r', nice => 1,
		1045	cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1046
775	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait	1047	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
776		1048
		1049	If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result
777	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a	1050	phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply
778	C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait	1051	does a C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to
779	for some requests to finish).	1052	synchronously wait for some requests to finish).
780		1053
781	See C<nreqs> for an example.	1054	See C<nreqs> for an example.
782		1055
		1056	=item IO::AIO::poll
		1057
		1058	Waits until some requests have been handled.
		1059
		1060	Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly
		1061	equivalent to:
		1062
		1063	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1064
783	=item IO::AIO::nreqs	1065	=item IO::AIO::flush
784		1066
785	Returns the number of requests currently outstanding (i.e. for which their	1067	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
786	callback has not been invoked yet).
787		1068
788	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:	1069	Strictly equivalent to:
789		1070
790	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb	1071	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
791	while IO::AIO::nreqs;	1072	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
792		1073
793	=item IO::AIO::flush	1074	=head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS
794
795	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
796
797	Strictly equivalent to:
798
799	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
800	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
801
802	=item IO::AIO::poll
803
804	Waits until some requests have been handled.
805
806	Strictly equivalent to:
807
808	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
809	if IO::AIO::nreqs;
810		1075
811	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads	1076	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
812		1077
813	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current	1078	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current
814	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute	1079	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute
815	concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests,	1080	concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests,
816	however, is unlimited).	1081	however, is unlimited).
817		1082
818	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and	1083	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and
819	no free thread exists.	1084	no free thread exists. Please note that queueing up a hundred requests can
		1085	create demand for a hundred threads, even if it turns out that everything
		1086	is in the cache and could have been processed faster by a single thread.
820		1087
821	It is recommended to keep the number of threads relatively low, as some	1088	It is recommended to keep the number of threads relatively low, as some
822	Linux kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads	1089	Linux kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads
823	(higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6	1090	(higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6
824	versions, 4-32 threads should be fine.	1091	versions, 4-32 threads should be fine.
…		…
838	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure	1105	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure
839	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.	1106	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.
840		1107
841	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	1108	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
842		1109
		1110	=item IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
		1111
		1112	Limit the number of threads (default: 4) that are allowed to idle (i.e.,
		1113	threads that did not get a request to process within 10 seconds). That
		1114	means if a thread becomes idle while C<$nthreads> other threads are also
		1115	idle, it will free its resources and exit.
		1116
		1117	This is useful when you allow a large number of threads (e.g. 100 or 1000)
		1118	to allow for extremely high load situations, but want to free resources
		1119	under normal circumstances (1000 threads can easily consume 30MB of RAM).
		1120
		1121	The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread
		1122	creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might
		1123	want to use larger values.
		1124
843	=item $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs	1125	=item $oldmaxreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
844		1126
845	[DEPRECATED]	1127	This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it
		1128	blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better
		1129	use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.
846		1130
847	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you	1131	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you
848	try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will block until	1132	to queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to the
849	some requests have been handled.	1133	C<poll_cb> (and C<poll_some> and other functions calling C<poll_cb>)
		1134	function will block until the limit is no longer exceeded.
850		1135
851	The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. If you	1136	The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the
852	queue up many requests in a loop it often improves speed if you set	1137	number of outstanding requests.
853	this to a relatively low number, such as C<100>.
854		1138
855	This function does not work well together with C<aio_group>'s, and their	1139	You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore,
856	feeder interface is better suited to limiting concurrency, so do not use	1140	C<max_oustsanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or
857	this function.	1141	as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values).
858		1142
859	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	1143	=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION
		1144
		1145	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
		1146
		1147	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready, execute or pending
		1148	states (i.e. for which their callback has not been invoked yet).
		1149
		1150	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:
		1151
		1152	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1153	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
		1154
		1155	=item IO::AIO::nready
		1156
		1157	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready state (not yet
		1158	executed).
		1159
		1160	=item IO::AIO::npending
		1161
		1162	Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,
		1163	but not yet processed by poll_cb).
860		1164
861	=back	1165	=back
862		1166
863	=cut	1167	=cut
864		1168
…		…
878	*$sym	1182	*$sym
879	}	1183	}
880		1184
881	min_parallel 8;	1185	min_parallel 8;
882		1186
883	END {	1187	END { flush }
884	max_parallel 0;
885	}
886		1188
887	1;	1189	1;
888		1190
889	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR	1191	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR
890		1192
891	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:	1193	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:
892		1194
893	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests	1195	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests
894	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After	1196	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After
895	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues	1197	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues
896	request/result processing, while the child clears the request/result	1198	request/result processing, while the child frees the request/result queue
897	queue (so the requests started before the fork will only be handled in	1199	(so that the requests started before the fork will only be handled in the
898	the parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit ste in the	1200	parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit set in the
899	parent process has been reached again.	1201	parent process has been reached again.
900		1202
901	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had	1203	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had
902	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used	1204	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used
903	yet.	1205	yet.
904		1206
905	=head2 MEMORY USAGE	1207	=head2 MEMORY USAGE
906		1208
		1209	Per-request usage:
		1210
907	Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 128 bytes	1211	Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 100-200
908	of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly a few	1212	bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly
909	hundred bytes). Perl scalars and other data passed into aio requests will	1213	a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl
910	also be locked.	1214	scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and
		1215	will consume memory till the request has entered the done state.
911		1216
912	This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a	1217	This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a
913	problem.	1218	problem.
914		1219
915	Each thread needs a stack area which is usually around 16k, sometimes much	1220	Per-thread usage:
916	larger, depending on the OS.	1221
		1222	In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for
		1223	temporary buffers, and each thread requires a stack and other data
		1224	structures (usually around 16k-128k, depending on the OS).
		1225
		1226	=head1 KNOWN BUGS
		1227
		1228	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.
917		1229
918	=head1 SEE ALSO	1230	=head1 SEE ALSO
919		1231
920	L<Coro::AIO>.	1232	L<Coro::AIO>.
921		1233

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Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents): Revision 1.69 by root, Tue Oct 24 03:40:25 2006 UTC vs. Revision 1.99 by root, Sun Jan 7 21:32:20 2007 UTC

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Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.69 by root, Tue Oct 24 03:40:25 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.99 by root, Sun Jan 7 21:32:20 2007 UTC