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Revision 1.111 by root, Mon Aug 13 12:08:13 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.204 by root, Mon Jul 18 02:02:26 2011 UTC

…		…
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use IO::AIO;	7	use IO::AIO;
8		8
9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
10	my $fh = shift	10	my $fh = shift
11	or die "/etc/passwd: $!";	11	or die "/etc/passwd: $!";
12	...	12	...
13	};	13	};
14		14
…		…
26	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue	26	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue
27		27
28	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };	28	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };
29	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;	29	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;
30		30
31	# AnyEvent integration
32	open my $fh, "<&=" . IO::AIO::poll_fileno or die "$!";
33	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => 'r', cb => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb });
34
35	# Event integration
36	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
37	poll => 'r',
38	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
39
40	# Glib/Gtk2 integration
41	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
42	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
43
44	# Tk integration
45	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
46	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
47
48	# Danga::Socket integration
49	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
50	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
51
52	=head1 DESCRIPTION	31	=head1 DESCRIPTION
53		32
54	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your	33	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
55	operating system supports.	34	operating system supports. It is implemented as an interface to C<libeio>
		35	(L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libeio.html>).
56		36
57	Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program	37	Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program
58	(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation	38	(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation
59	will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This	39	will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This
60	is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even	40	is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even
…		…
64	on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations	44	on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations
65	concurrently.	45	concurrently.
66		46
67	While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for	47	While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for
68	example sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that	48	example sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that
69	support nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is very	49	support nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is
70	inefficient. Use an event loop for that (such as the L<Event|Event>	50	very inefficient. Use an event loop for that (such as the L<EV>
71	module): IO::AIO will naturally fit into such an event loop itself.	51	module): IO::AIO will naturally fit into such an event loop itself.
72		52
73	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your	53	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your
74	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support	54	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support
75	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible	55	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible
…		…
85	yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never	65	yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never
86	call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.	66	call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
87		67
88	=head2 EXAMPLE	68	=head2 EXAMPLE
89		69
90	This is a simple example that uses the Event module and loads	70	This is a simple example that uses the EV module and loads
91	F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:	71	F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:
92		72
93	use Fcntl;	73	use Fcntl;
94	use Event;	74	use EV;
95	use IO::AIO;	75	use IO::AIO;
96		76
97	# register the IO::AIO callback with Event	77	# register the IO::AIO callback with EV
98	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	78	my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
99	poll => 'r',
100	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
101		79
102	# queue the request to open /etc/passwd	80	# queue the request to open /etc/passwd
103	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	81	aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
104	my $fh = shift	82	my $fh = shift
105	or die "error while opening: $!";	83	or die "error while opening: $!";
106		84
107	# stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking	85	# stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking
108	my $size = -s $fh;	86	my $size = -s $fh;
…		…
117		95
118	# file contents now in $contents	96	# file contents now in $contents
119	print $contents;	97	print $contents;
120		98
121	# exit event loop and program	99	# exit event loop and program
122	Event::unloop;	100	EV::unloop;
123	};	101	};
124	};	102	};
125		103
126	# possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,	104	# possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,
127	# check for sockets etc. etc.	105	# check for sockets etc. etc.
128		106
129	# process events as long as there are some:	107	# process events as long as there are some:
130	Event::loop;	108	EV::loop;
131		109
132	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME	110	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME
133		111
134	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not	112	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not
135	directly visible to Perl.	113	directly visible to Perl.
…		…
183		161
184	=cut	162	=cut
185		163
186	package IO::AIO;	164	package IO::AIO;
187		165
188	no warnings;	166	use Carp ();
189	use strict 'vars';	167
		168	use common::sense;
190		169
191	use base 'Exporter';	170	use base 'Exporter';
192		171
193	BEGIN {	172	BEGIN {
194	our $VERSION = '2.4';	173	our $VERSION = '3.93';
195		174
196	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat	175	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close
197	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink	176	aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_readdirx
198	aio_readlink aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link	177	aio_scandir aio_symlink aio_readlink aio_realpath aio_sync aio_fsync
		178	aio_fdatasync aio_sync_file_range aio_fallocate
		179	aio_pathsync aio_readahead
		180	aio_rename aio_link aio_move aio_copy aio_group
199	aio_move aio_copy aio_group aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir	181	aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir aio_chown
200	aio_chown aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate);	182	aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate
		183	aio_msync aio_mtouch aio_mlock aio_mlockall
		184	aio_statvfs);
		185
201	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice aio_block));	186	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice));
202	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush	187	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
203	min_parallel max_parallel max_idle	188	min_parallel max_parallel max_idle idle_timeout
204	nreqs nready npending nthreads	189	nreqs nready npending nthreads
205	max_poll_time max_poll_reqs);	190	max_poll_time max_poll_reqs
		191	sendfile fadvise madvise
		192	mmap munmap munlock munlockall);
		193
		194	push @AIO_REQ, qw(aio_busy); # not exported
206		195
207	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';	196	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
208		197
209	require XSLoader;	198	require XSLoader;
210	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);	199	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
211	}	200	}
212		201
213	=head1 FUNCTIONS	202	=head1 FUNCTIONS
		203
		204	=head2 QUICK OVERVIEW
		205
		206	This section simply lists the prototypes of the most important functions
		207	for quick reference. See the following sections for function-by-function
		208	documentation.
		209
		210	aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
		211	aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
		212	aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
		213	aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
		214	aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
		215	aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
		216	aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
		217	aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
		218	aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs)
		219	aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
		220	aio_chown $fh_or_path, $uid, $gid, $callback->($status)
		221	aio_truncate $fh_or_path, $offset, $callback->($status)
		222	aio_chmod $fh_or_path, $mode, $callback->($status)
		223	aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
		224	aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
		225	aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		226	aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		227	aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link)
		228	aio_realpath $path, $callback->($link)
		229	aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		230	aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status)
		231	aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
		232	aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
		233	aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
		234	IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
		235	IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
		236	aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)
		237	aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		238	aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		239	aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
		240	aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)
		241	aio_sync $callback->($status)
		242	aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
		243	aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status)
		244	aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
		245	aio_pathsync $path, $callback->($status)
		246	aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		247	aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		248	aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status)
		249	aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status)
		250	aio_group $callback->(...)
		251	aio_nop $callback->()
		252
		253	$prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
		254	aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
		255
		256	IO::AIO::poll_wait
		257	IO::AIO::poll_cb
		258	IO::AIO::poll
		259	IO::AIO::flush
		260	IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
		261	IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
		262	IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
		263	IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
		264	IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
		265	IO::AIO::idle_timeout $seconds
		266	IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
		267	IO::AIO::nreqs
		268	IO::AIO::nready
		269	IO::AIO::npending
		270
		271	IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
		272	IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
		273	IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $length, $advice
		274	IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $length, $protect
		275	IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef
		276	IO::AIO::munlockall
214		277
215	=head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS	278	=head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS
216		279
217	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall	280	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
218	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,	281	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
219	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument	282	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
220	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with	283	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
221	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike	284	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike
222	perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given	285	perl, which usually delivers "false") as its sole argument after the given
223	syscall has been executed asynchronously.	286	syscall has been executed asynchronously.
224		287
225	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle	288	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
226	internally until the request has finished.	289	internally until the request has finished.
227		290
…		…
241	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user	304	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
242	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)	305	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
243	use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.	306	use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.
244		307
245	This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO	308	This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO
246	handles correctly wether it is set or not.	309	handles correctly whether it is set or not.
247		310
248	=over 4	311	=over 4
249		312
250	=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]	313	=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
251		314
…		…
298	by the umask in effect then the request is being executed, so better never	361	by the umask in effect then the request is being executed, so better never
299	change the umask.	362	change the umask.
300		363
301	Example:	364	Example:
302		365
303	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	366	aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
304	if ($_[0]) {	367	if ($_[0]) {
305	print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n";	368	print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n";
306	...	369	...
307	} else {	370	} else {
308	die "open failed: $!\n";	371	die "open failed: $!\n";
309	}	372	}
310	};	373	};
311		374
		375	In addition to all the common open modes/flags (C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>,
		376	C<O_RDWR>, C<O_CREAT>, C<O_TRUNC>, C<O_EXCL> and C<O_APPEND>), the
		377	following POSIX and non-POSIX constants are available (missing ones on
		378	your system are, as usual, C<0>):
		379
		380	C<O_ASYNC>, C<O_DIRECT>, C<O_NOATIME>, C<O_CLOEXEC>, C<O_NOCTTY>, C<O_NOFOLLOW>,
		381	C<O_NONBLOCK>, C<O_EXEC>, C<O_SEARCH>, C<O_DIRECTORY>, C<O_DSYNC>,
		382	C<O_RSYNC>, C<O_SYNC> and C<O_TTY_INIT>.
		383
312		384
313	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)	385	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
314		386
315	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result	387	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result
316	code. I<WARNING:> although accepted, you should not pass in a perl	388	code.
317	filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor another
318	time when the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can safely call perls
319	C<close> or just let filehandles go out of scope.
320		389
321	This is supposed to be a bug in the API, so that might change. It's	390	Unfortunately, you can't do this to perl. Perl I<insists> very strongly on
322	therefore best to avoid this function.	391	closing the file descriptor associated with the filehandle itself.
323		392
		393	Therefore, C<aio_close> will not close the filehandle - instead it will
		394	use dup2 to overwrite the file descriptor with the write-end of a pipe
		395	(the pipe fd will be created on demand and will be cached).
		396
		397	Or in other words: the file descriptor will be closed, but it will not be
		398	free for reuse until the perl filehandle is closed.
		399
		400	=cut
324		401
325	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)	402	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
326		403
327	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)	404	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
328		405
329	Reads or writes C<$length> bytes from the specified C<$fh> and C<$offset>	406	Reads or writes C<$length> bytes from or to the specified C<$fh> and
330	into the scalar given by C<$data> and offset C<$dataoffset> and calls the	407	C<$offset> into the scalar given by C<$data> and offset C<$dataoffset>
331	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just	408	and calls the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on
332	like the syscall).	409	error, just like the syscall).
333		410
		411	C<aio_read> will, like C<sysread>, shrink or grow the C<$data> scalar to
		412	offset plus the actual number of bytes read.
		413
334	If C<$offset> is undefined, then the current file offset will be used (and	414	If C<$offset> is undefined, then the current file descriptor offset will
335	updated), otherwise the file offset will not be changed by these calls.	415	be used (and updated), otherwise the file descriptor offset will not be
		416	changed by these calls.
336		417
337	If C<$length> is undefined in C<aio_write>, use the remaining length of C<$data>.	418	If C<$length> is undefined in C<aio_write>, use the remaining length of
		419	C<$data>.
338		420
339	If C<$dataoffset> is less than zero, it will be counted from the end of	421	If C<$dataoffset> is less than zero, it will be counted from the end of
340	C<$data>.	422	C<$data>.
341		423
342	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request	424	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request
…		…
356		438
357	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts	439	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts
358	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current	440	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current
359	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more	441	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more
360	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each	442	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each
361	other.	443	other. The same C<$in_fh> works fine though, as this function does not
		444	move or use the file offset of C<$in_fh>.
362		445
		446	Please note that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from C<$in_fh> than
		447	are written, and there is no way to find out how many more bytes have been
		448	read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only provides the
		449	number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result value equals
		450	C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been read.
		451
		452	Unlike with other C<aio_> functions, it makes a lot of sense to use
		453	C<aio_sendfile> on non-blocking sockets, as long as one end (typically
		454	the C<$in_fh>) is a file - the file I/O will then be asynchronous, while
		455	the socket I/O will be non-blocking. Note, however, that you can run
		456	into a trap where C<aio_sendfile> reads some data with readahead, then
		457	fails to write all data, and when the socket is ready the next time, the
		458	data in the cache is already lost, forcing C<aio_sendfile> to again hit
		459	the disk. Explicit C<aio_read> + C<aio_write> let's you better control
		460	resource usage.
		461
363	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide	462	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile>-like syscall to
364	zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a	463	provide zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to
365	socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to mmap'able file.	464	a socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to an mmap'able file.
366		465
367	If the native sendfile call fails or is not implemented, it will be	466	If a native sendfile cannot be found or it fails with C<ENOSYS>,
368	emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of filehandle	467	C<EINVAL>, C<ENOTSUP>, C<EOPNOTSUPP>, C<EAFNOSUPPORT>, C<EPROTOTYPE> or
		468	C<ENOTSOCK>, it will be emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any
369	regardless of the limitations of the operating system.	469	type of filehandle regardless of the limitations of the operating system.
370		470
371	Please note, however, that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from	471	As native sendfile syscalls (as practically any non-POSIX interface hacked
372	C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many	472	together in a hurry to improve benchmark numbers) tend to be rather buggy
373	bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only	473	on many systems, this implementation tries to work around some known bugs
374	provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result	474	in Linux and FreeBSD kernels (probably others, too), but that might fail,
375	value equals C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been	475	so you really really should check the return value of C<aio_sendfile> -
376	read.	476	fewre bytes than expected might have been transferred.
377		477
378		478
379	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)	479	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
380		480
381	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that	481	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that
…		…
404		504
405	Currently, the stats are always 64-bit-stats, i.e. instead of returning an	505	Currently, the stats are always 64-bit-stats, i.e. instead of returning an
406	error when stat'ing a large file, the results will be silently truncated	506	error when stat'ing a large file, the results will be silently truncated
407	unless perl itself is compiled with large file support.	507	unless perl itself is compiled with large file support.
408		508
		509	To help interpret the mode and dev/rdev stat values, IO::AIO offers the
		510	following constants and functions (if not implemented, the constants will
		511	be C<0> and the functions will either C<croak> or fall back on traditional
		512	behaviour).
		513
		514	C<S_IFMT>, C<S_IFIFO>, C<S_IFCHR>, C<S_IFBLK>, C<S_IFLNK>, C<S_IFREG>,
		515	C<S_IFDIR>, C<S_IFWHT>, C<S_IFSOCK>, C<IO::AIO::major $dev_t>,
		516	C<IO::AIO::minor $dev_t>, C<IO::AIO::makedev $major, $minor>.
		517
409	Example: Print the length of F</etc/passwd>:	518	Example: Print the length of F</etc/passwd>:
410		519
411	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {	520	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {
412	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";	521	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";
413	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";	522	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";
414	};	523	};
415		524
416		525
		526	=item aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs)
		527
		528	Works like the POSIX C<statvfs> or C<fstatvfs> syscalls, depending on
		529	whether a file handle or path was passed.
		530
		531	On success, the callback is passed a hash reference with the following
		532	members: C<bsize>, C<frsize>, C<blocks>, C<bfree>, C<bavail>, C<files>,
		533	C<ffree>, C<favail>, C<fsid>, C<flag> and C<namemax>. On failure, C<undef>
		534	is passed.
		535
		536	The following POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* constants are defined: C<ST_RDONLY> and
		537	C<ST_NOSUID>.
		538
		539	The following non-POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* flag masks are defined to
		540	their correct value when available, or to C<0> on systems that do
		541	not support them: C<ST_NODEV>, C<ST_NOEXEC>, C<ST_SYNCHRONOUS>,
		542	C<ST_MANDLOCK>, C<ST_WRITE>, C<ST_APPEND>, C<ST_IMMUTABLE>, C<ST_NOATIME>,
		543	C<ST_NODIRATIME> and C<ST_RELATIME>.
		544
		545	Example: stat C</wd> and dump out the data if successful.
		546
		547	aio_statvfs "/wd", sub {
		548	my $f = $_[0]
		549	or die "statvfs: $!";
		550
		551	use Data::Dumper;
		552	say Dumper $f;
		553	};
		554
		555	# result:
		556	{
		557	bsize => 1024,
		558	bfree => 4333064312,
		559	blocks => 10253828096,
		560	files => 2050765568,
		561	flag => 4096,
		562	favail => 2042092649,
		563	bavail => 4333064312,
		564	ffree => 2042092649,
		565	namemax => 255,
		566	frsize => 1024,
		567	fsid => 1810
		568	}
		569
		570
417	=item aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)	571	=item aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
418		572
419	Works like perl's C<utime> function (including the special case of $atime	573	Works like perl's C<utime> function (including the special case of $atime
420	and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if the underlying	574	and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if the underlying
421	syscalls support them.	575	syscalls support them.
…		…
469		623
470	The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:	624	The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:
471		625
472	aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO | $mode, 0, sub { ...	626	aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO | $mode, 0, sub { ...
473		627
		628	See C<aio_stat> for info about some potentially helpful extra constants
		629	and functions.
474		630
475	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	631	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
476		632
477	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	633	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
478	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	634	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
…		…
489	Asynchronously read the symlink specified by C<$path> and pass it to	645	Asynchronously read the symlink specified by C<$path> and pass it to
490	the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to the	646	the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to the
491	callback.	647	callback.
492		648
493		649
		650	=item aio_realpath $path, $callback->($path)
		651
		652	Asynchronously make the path absolute and resolve any symlinks in
		653	C<$path>. The resulting path only consists of directories (Same as
		654	L<Cwd::realpath>).
		655
		656	This request can be used to get the absolute path of the current working
		657	directory by passing it a path of F<.> (a single dot).
		658
		659
494	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	660	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
495		661
496	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as	662	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as
497	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.	663	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
498		664
…		…
514		680
515	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire	681	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire
516	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be	682	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be
517	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.	683	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
518		684
519	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref	685	The callback is passed a single argument which is either C<undef> or an
520	with the filenames.	686	array-ref with the filenames.
		687
		688
		689	=item aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
		690
		691	Quite similar to C<aio_readdir>, but the C<$flags> argument allows to tune
		692	behaviour and output format. In case of an error, C<$entries> will be
		693	C<undef>.
		694
		695	The flags are a combination of the following constants, ORed together (the
		696	flags will also be passed to the callback, possibly modified):
		697
		698	=over 4
		699
		700	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS
		701
		702	When this flag is off, then the callback gets an arrayref consisting of
		703	names only (as with C<aio_readdir>), otherwise it gets an arrayref with
		704	C<[$name, $type, $inode]> arrayrefs, each describing a single directory
		705	entry in more detail.
		706
		707	C<$name> is the name of the entry.
		708
		709	C<$type> is one of the C<IO::AIO::DT_xxx> constants:
		710
		711	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>, C<IO::AIO::DT_FIFO>, C<IO::AIO::DT_CHR>, C<IO::AIO::DT_DIR>,
		712	C<IO::AIO::DT_BLK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_REG>, C<IO::AIO::DT_LNK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_SOCK>,
		713	C<IO::AIO::DT_WHT>.
		714
		715	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN> means just that: readdir does not know. If you need to
		716	know, you have to run stat yourself. Also, for speed reasons, the C<$type>
		717	scalars are read-only: you can not modify them.
		718
		719	C<$inode> is the inode number (which might not be exact on systems with 64
		720	bit inode numbers and 32 bit perls). This field has unspecified content on
		721	systems that do not deliver the inode information.
		722
		723	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
		724
		725	When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order where
		726	likely directories come first, in optimal stat order. This is useful when
		727	you need to quickly find directories, or you want to find all directories
		728	while avoiding to stat() each entry.
		729
		730	If the system returns type information in readdir, then this is used
		731	to find directories directly. Otherwise, likely directories are names
		732	beginning with ".", or otherwise names with no dots, of which names with
		733	short names are tried first.
		734
		735	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER
		736
		737	When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order
		738	suitable for stat()'ing each one. That is, when you plan to stat()
		739	all files in the given directory, then the returned order will likely
		740	be fastest.
		741
		742	If both this flag and C<IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST> are specified, then
		743	the likely dirs come first, resulting in a less optimal stat order.
		744
		745	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
		746
		747	This flag should not be set when calling C<aio_readdirx>. Instead, it
		748	is being set by C<aio_readdirx>, when any of the C<$type>'s found were
		749	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>. The absense of this flag therefore indicates that all
		750	C<$type>'s are known, which can be used to speed up some algorithms.
		751
		752	=back
521		753
522		754
523	=item aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)	755	=item aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)
524		756
525	This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into	757	This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into
526	memory. Status is the same as with aio_read.	758	memory. Status is the same as with aio_read.
527		759
528	=cut	760	=cut
529		761
530	sub aio_load($$;$) {	762	sub aio_load($$;$) {
531	aio_block {
532	my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_;	763	my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_;
533	my $data = \$_[1];	764	my $data = \$_[1];
534		765
535	my $pri = aioreq_pri;	766	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
536	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	767	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		768
		769	aioreq_pri $pri;
		770	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		771	my $fh = shift
		772	or return $grp->result (-1);
537		773
538	aioreq_pri $pri;	774	aioreq_pri $pri;
539	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
540	my $fh = shift
541	or return $grp->result (-1);
542
543	aioreq_pri $pri;
544	add $grp aio_read $fh, 0, (-s $fh), $$data, 0, sub {	775	add $grp aio_read $fh, 0, (-s $fh), $$data, 0, sub {
545	$grp->result ($_[0]);	776	$grp->result ($_[0]);
546	};
547	};	777	};
548
549	$grp
550	}	778	};
		779
		780	$grp
551	}	781	}
552		782
553	=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	783	=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
554		784
555	Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or	785	Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
556	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with	786	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
557	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.	787	a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>).
558		788
559	This is a composite request that it creates the destination file with	789	This is a composite request that creates the destination file with
560	mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using	790	mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using
561	C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and	791	C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and
562	uid/gid, in that order.	792	uid/gid, in that order.
563		793
564	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if	794	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
…		…
566	errors are being ignored.	796	errors are being ignored.
567		797
568	=cut	798	=cut
569		799
570	sub aio_copy($$;$) {	800	sub aio_copy($$;$) {
571	aio_block {
572	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;	801	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
573		802
574	my $pri = aioreq_pri;	803	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
575	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	804	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
576		805
577	aioreq_pri $pri;	806	aioreq_pri $pri;
578	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	807	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
579	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {	808	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
580	my @stat = stat $src_fh;	809	my @stat = stat $src_fh; # hmm, might block over nfs?
581		810
582	aioreq_pri $pri;	811	aioreq_pri $pri;
583	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {	812	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {
584	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {	813	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
585	aioreq_pri $pri;	814	aioreq_pri $pri;
586	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {	815	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
587	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {	816	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
588	$grp->result (0);	817	$grp->result (0);
589	close $src_fh;	818	close $src_fh;
590		819
591	# those should not normally block. should. should.
592	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
593	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
594	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
595	close $dst_fh;
596	} else {	820	my $ch = sub {
597	$grp->result (-1);
598	close $src_fh;
599	close $dst_fh;
600
601	aioreq $pri;	821	aioreq_pri $pri;
		822	add $grp aio_chmod $dst_fh, $stat[2] & 07777, sub {
		823	aioreq_pri $pri;
		824	add $grp aio_chown $dst_fh, $stat[4], $stat[5], sub {
		825	aioreq_pri $pri;
602	add $grp aio_unlink $dst;	826	add $grp aio_close $dst_fh;
		827	}
		828	};
603	}	829	};
		830
		831	aioreq_pri $pri;
		832	add $grp aio_utime $dst_fh, $stat[8], $stat[9], sub {
		833	if ($_[0] < 0 && $! == ENOSYS) {
		834	aioreq_pri $pri;
		835	add $grp aio_utime $dst, $stat[8], $stat[9], $ch;
		836	} else {
		837	$ch->();
		838	}
		839	};
		840	} else {
		841	$grp->result (-1);
		842	close $src_fh;
		843	close $dst_fh;
		844
		845	aioreq $pri;
		846	add $grp aio_unlink $dst;
604	};	847	}
605	} else {
606	$grp->result (-1);
607	}	848	};
		849	} else {
		850	$grp->result (-1);
608	},	851	}
609
610	} else {
611	$grp->result (-1);
612	}	852	},
		853
		854	} else {
		855	$grp->result (-1);
613	};	856	}
614
615	$grp
616	}	857	};
		858
		859	$grp
617	}	860	}
618		861
619	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	862	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
620		863
621	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or	864	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
622	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with	865	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
623	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.	866	a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>).
624		867
625	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If	868	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first; if
626	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if	869	rename fails with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if
627	that is successful, unlinking the C<$srcpath>.	870	that is successful, unlinks the C<$srcpath>.
628		871
629	=cut	872	=cut
630		873
631	sub aio_move($$;$) {	874	sub aio_move($$;$) {
632	aio_block {
633	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;	875	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
634		876
635	my $pri = aioreq_pri;	877	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
636	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	878	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
637		879
638	aioreq_pri $pri;	880	aioreq_pri $pri;
639	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {	881	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
640	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {	882	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
641	aioreq_pri $pri;	883	aioreq_pri $pri;
642	add $grp aio_copy $src, $dst, sub {	884	add $grp aio_copy $src, $dst, sub {
643	$grp->result ($_[0]);
644
645	if (!$_[0]) {
646	aioreq_pri $pri;
647	add $grp aio_unlink $src;
648	}
649	};
650	} else {
651	$grp->result ($_[0]);	885	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		886
		887	unless ($_[0]) {
		888	aioreq_pri $pri;
		889	add $grp aio_unlink $src;
		890	}
652	}	891	};
		892	} else {
		893	$grp->result ($_[0]);
653	};	894	}
654
655	$grp
656	}	895	};
		896
		897	$grp
657	}	898	}
658		899
659	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)	900	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
660		901
661	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to	902	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
…		…
681		922
682	Implementation notes.	923	Implementation notes.
683		924
684	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.	925	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.
685		926
		927	If readdir returns file type information, then this is used directly to
		928	find directories.
		929
686	After reading the directory, the modification time, size etc. of the	930	Otherwise, after reading the directory, the modification time, size etc.
687	directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they match (and	931	of the directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they
688	isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide how many	932	match (and isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide
689	entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the number	933	how many entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the
690	of subdirectories will be assumed.	934	number of subdirectories will be assumed.
691		935
692	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories (everything without	936	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories a non-initial dot
693	a non-initial dot currently) and likely non-directories (everything	937	currently) and likely non-directories (see C<aio_readdirx>). Then every
694	else). Then every entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed,	938	entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed, likely directories first,
695	likely directories first. If that succeeds, it assumes that the entry	939	in order of their inode numbers. If that succeeds, it assumes that the
696	is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked	940	entry is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked
697	seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because	941	seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because
698	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode	942	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode
699	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature).	943	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature), even on systems that cannot return
		944	the filetype information on readdir.
700		945
701	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the	946	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the
702	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.	947	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.
703		948
704	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which	949	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which
…		…
709	directory counting heuristic.	954	directory counting heuristic.
710		955
711	=cut	956	=cut
712		957
713	sub aio_scandir($$;$) {	958	sub aio_scandir($$;$) {
714	aio_block {
715	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;	959	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
716		960
717	my $pri = aioreq_pri;	961	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
718		962
719	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	963	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
720		964
721	$maxreq = 4 if $maxreq <= 0;	965	$maxreq = 4 if $maxreq <= 0;
722		966
723	# stat once	967	# stat once
		968	aioreq_pri $pri;
		969	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
		970	return $grp->result () if $_[0];
		971	my $now = time;
		972	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
		973
		974	# read the directory entries
724	aioreq_pri $pri;	975	aioreq_pri $pri;
725	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {	976	add $grp aio_readdirx $path, READDIR_DIRS_FIRST, sub {
		977	my $entries = shift
726	return $grp->result () if $_[0];	978	or return $grp->result ();
727	my $now = time;
728	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
729		979
730	# read the directory entries	980	# stat the dir another time
731	aioreq_pri $pri;	981	aioreq_pri $pri;
732	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {
733	my $entries = shift
734	or return $grp->result ();
735
736	# stat the dir another time
737	aioreq_pri $pri;
738	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {	982	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
739	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	983	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
740		984
741	my $ndirs;	985	my $ndirs;
742		986
743	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy	987	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy
744	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {	988	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {
745	$ndirs = -1;	989	$ndirs = -1;
746	} else {	990	} else {
747	# if nlink == 2, we are finished	991	# if nlink == 2, we are finished
748	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2	992	# for non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2
749	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2	993	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2
750	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);	994	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);
751	}	995	}
752		996
753	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs
754	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first
755	$entries = [map $_->[0],
756	sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }
757	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
758	@$entries];
759
760	my (@dirs, @nondirs);	997	my (@dirs, @nondirs);
761		998
762	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {	999	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {
763	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);	1000	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
764	};	1001	};
765		1002
766	limit $statgrp $maxreq;	1003	limit $statgrp $maxreq;
767	feed $statgrp sub {	1004	feed $statgrp sub {
768	return unless @$entries;	1005	return unless @$entries;
769	my $entry = pop @$entries;	1006	my $entry = shift @$entries;
770		1007
771	aioreq_pri $pri;	1008	aioreq_pri $pri;
772	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {	1009	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {
773	if ($_[0] < 0) {	1010	if ($_[0] < 0) {
774	push @nondirs, $entry;	1011	push @nondirs, $entry;
775	} else {	1012	} else {
776	# need to check for real directory	1013	# need to check for real directory
777	aioreq_pri $pri;	1014	aioreq_pri $pri;
778	add $statgrp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {	1015	add $statgrp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
779	if (-d _) {	1016	if (-d _) {
780	push @dirs, $entry;	1017	push @dirs, $entry;
781		1018
782	unless (--$ndirs) {	1019	unless (--$ndirs) {
783	push @nondirs, @$entries;	1020	push @nondirs, @$entries;
784	feed $statgrp;	1021	feed $statgrp;
785	}
786	} else {
787	push @nondirs, $entry;
788	}	1022	}
		1023	} else {
		1024	push @nondirs, $entry;
789	}	1025	}
790	}	1026	}
791	};	1027	}
792	};	1028	};
793	};	1029	};
794	};	1030	};
795	};	1031	};
796
797	$grp
798	}	1032	};
		1033
		1034	$grp
799	}	1035	}
800		1036
801	=item aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)	1037	=item aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)
802		1038
803	Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the	1039	Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the
…		…
807		1043
808	=cut	1044	=cut
809		1045
810	sub aio_rmtree;	1046	sub aio_rmtree;
811	sub aio_rmtree($;$) {	1047	sub aio_rmtree($;$) {
812	aio_block {
813	my ($path, $cb) = @_;	1048	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
814		1049
815	my $pri = aioreq_pri;	1050	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
816	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	1051	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
817		1052
818	aioreq_pri $pri;	1053	aioreq_pri $pri;
819	add $grp aio_scandir $path, 0, sub {	1054	add $grp aio_scandir $path, 0, sub {
820	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;	1055	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;
821		1056
822	my $dirgrp = aio_group sub {	1057	my $dirgrp = aio_group sub {
823	add $grp aio_rmdir $path, sub {	1058	add $grp aio_rmdir $path, sub {
824	$grp->result ($_[0]);	1059	$grp->result ($_[0]);
825	};
826	};	1060	};
827
828	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_rmtree "$path/$_" for @$dirs;
829	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_unlink "$path/$_" for @$nondirs;
830
831	add $grp $dirgrp;
832	};	1061	};
833		1062
834	$grp	1063	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_rmtree "$path/$_" for @$dirs;
		1064	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_unlink "$path/$_" for @$nondirs;
		1065
		1066	add $grp $dirgrp;
835	}	1067	};
		1068
		1069	$grp
836	}	1070	}
		1071
		1072	=item aio_sync $callback->($status)
		1073
		1074	Asynchronously call sync and call the callback when finished.
837		1075
838	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)	1076	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
839		1077
840	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback	1078	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback
841	with the fsync result code.	1079	with the fsync result code.
…		…
845	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the	1083	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the
846	callback with the fdatasync result code.	1084	callback with the fdatasync result code.
847		1085
848	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be	1086	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
849	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.	1087	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
		1088
		1089	=item aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
		1090
		1091	Sync the data portion of the file specified by C<$offset> and C<$length>
		1092	to disk (but NOT the metadata), by calling the Linux-specific
		1093	sync_file_range call. If sync_file_range is not available or it returns
		1094	ENOSYS, then fdatasync or fsync is being substituted.
		1095
		1096	C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE>,
		1097	C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE> and
		1098	C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER>: refer to the sync_file_range
		1099	manpage for details.
		1100
		1101	=item aio_pathsync $path, $callback->($status)
		1102
		1103	This request tries to open, fsync and close the given path. This is a
		1104	composite request intended to sync directories after directory operations
		1105	(E.g. rename). This might not work on all operating systems or have any
		1106	specific effect, but usually it makes sure that directory changes get
		1107	written to disc. It works for anything that can be opened for read-only,
		1108	not just directories.
		1109
		1110	Future versions of this function might fall back to other methods when
		1111	C<fsync> on the directory fails (such as calling C<sync>).
		1112
		1113	Passes C<0> when everything went ok, and C<-1> on error.
		1114
		1115	=cut
		1116
		1117	sub aio_pathsync($;$) {
		1118	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
		1119
		1120	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		1121	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		1122
		1123	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1124	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		1125	my ($fh) = @_;
		1126	if ($fh) {
		1127	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1128	add $grp aio_fsync $fh, sub {
		1129	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		1130
		1131	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1132	add $grp aio_close $fh;
		1133	};
		1134	} else {
		1135	$grp->result (-1);
		1136	}
		1137	};
		1138
		1139	$grp
		1140	}
		1141
		1142	=item aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		1143
		1144	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which only works on mmap(2)ed
		1145	scalars (see the C<IO::AIO::mmap> function, although it also works on data
		1146	scalars managed by the L<Sys::Mmap> or L<Mmap> modules, note that the
		1147	scalar must only be modified in-place while an aio operation is pending on
		1148	it).
		1149
		1150	It calls the C<msync> function of your OS, if available, with the memory
		1151	area starting at C<$offset> in the string and ending C<$length> bytes
		1152	later. If C<$length> is negative, counts from the end, and if C<$length>
		1153	is C<undef>, then it goes till the end of the string. The flags can be
		1154	a combination of C<IO::AIO::MS_ASYNC>, C<IO::AIO::MS_INVALIDATE> and
		1155	C<IO::AIO::MS_SYNC>.
		1156
		1157	=item aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		1158
		1159	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed
		1160	scalars.
		1161
		1162	It touches (reads or writes) all memory pages in the specified
		1163	range inside the scalar. All caveats and parameters are the same
		1164	as for C<aio_msync>, above, except for flags, which must be either
		1165	C<0> (which reads all pages and ensures they are instantiated) or
		1166	C<IO::AIO::MT_MODIFY>, which modifies the memory page s(by reading and
		1167	writing an octet from it, which dirties the page).
		1168
		1169	=item aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status)
		1170
		1171	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed
		1172	scalars.
		1173
		1174	It reads in all the pages of the underlying storage into memory (if any)
		1175	and locks them, so they are not getting swapped/paged out or removed.
		1176
		1177	If C<$length> is undefined, then the scalar will be locked till the end.
		1178
		1179	On systems that do not implement C<mlock>, this function returns C<-1>
		1180	and sets errno to C<ENOSYS>.
		1181
		1182	Note that the corresponding C<munlock> is synchronous and is
		1183	documented under L<MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS>.
		1184
		1185	Example: open a file, mmap and mlock it - both will be undone when
		1186	C<$data> gets destroyed.
		1187
		1188	open my $fh, "<", $path or die "$path: $!";
		1189	my $data;
		1190	IO::AIO::mmap $data, -s $fh, IO::AIO::PROT_READ, IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED, $fh;
		1191	aio_mlock $data; # mlock in background
		1192
		1193	=item aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status)
		1194
		1195	Calls the C<mlockall> function with the given C<$flags> (a combination of
		1196	C<IO::AIO::MCL_CURRENT> and C<IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE>).
		1197
		1198	On systems that do not implement C<mlockall>, this function returns C<-1>
		1199	and sets errno to C<ENOSYS>.
		1200
		1201	Note that the corresponding C<munlockall> is synchronous and is
		1202	documented under L<MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS>.
		1203
		1204	Example: asynchronously lock all current and future pages into memory.
		1205
		1206	aio_mlockall IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE;
850		1207
851	=item aio_group $callback->(...)	1208	=item aio_group $callback->(...)
852		1209
853	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a	1210	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
854	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle	1211	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
…		…
904	=item cancel $req	1261	=item cancel $req
905		1262
906	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution	1263	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution
907	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when	1264	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when
908	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise	1265	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise
909	untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be	1266	untouched (with the exception of readdir). That means that requests that
910	stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.	1267	currently execute will not be stopped and resources held by the request
		1268	will not be freed prematurely.
911		1269
912	=item cb $req $callback->(...)	1270	=item cb $req $callback->(...)
913		1271
914	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.	1272	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.
915		1273
…		…
966	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they	1324	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
967	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the	1325	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
968	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to	1326	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
969	exist.	1327	exist.
970		1328
971	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests. And	1329	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests
972	in the callbacks of those requests, you can add further requests to the	1330	(precisely before the callback has been invoked, which is only done within
973	group. And only when all those requests have finished will the the group	1331	the C<poll_cb>). And in the callbacks of those requests, you can add
974	itself finish.	1332	further requests to the group. And only when all those requests have
		1333	finished will the the group itself finish.
975		1334
976	=over 4	1335	=over 4
977		1336
978	=item add $grp ...	1337	=item add $grp ...
979		1338
…		…
988	=item $grp->cancel_subs	1347	=item $grp->cancel_subs
989		1348
990	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request	1349	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request
991	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.	1350	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.
992		1351
		1352	The group request will finish normally (you cannot add requests to the
		1353	group).
		1354
993	=item $grp->result (...)	1355	=item $grp->result (...)
994		1356
995	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all	1357	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
996	subrequests have finished and set thre groups errno to the current value	1358	subrequests have finished and set the groups errno to the current value
997	of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default,	1359	of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default,
998	no argument will be passed and errno is zero.	1360	no argument will be passed and errno is zero.
999		1361
1000	=item $grp->errno ([$errno])	1362	=item $grp->errno ([$errno])
1001		1363
…		…
1012	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)	1374	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
1013		1375
1014	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached	1376	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
1015	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,	1377	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
1016	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,	1378	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
1017	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For	1379	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For example,
1018	example, C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat>	1380	C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat> requests,
1019	requests, delaying any later requests for a long time.	1381	delaying any later requests for a long time.
1020		1382
1021	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can	1383	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can
1022	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The	1384	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The
1023	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,	1385	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,
1024	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more	1386	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more
…		…
1028	not impose any limits).	1390	not impose any limits).
1029		1391
1030	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be	1392	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be
1031	automatically removed from the group.	1393	automatically removed from the group.
1032		1394
1033	If the feed limit is C<0>, it will be set to C<2> automatically.	1395	If the feed limit is C<0> when this method is called, it will be set to
		1396	C<2> automatically.
1034		1397
1035	Example:	1398	Example:
1036		1399
1037	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:	1400	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:
1038		1401
…		…
1050	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever	1413	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever
1051	the group contains less than this many requests.	1414	the group contains less than this many requests.
1052		1415
1053	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.	1416	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.
1054		1417
		1418	The default value for the limit is C<0>, but note that setting a feeder
		1419	automatically bumps it up to C<2>.
		1420
1055	=back	1421	=back
1056		1422
1057	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS	1423	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
1058		1424
1059	=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION	1425	=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
…		…
1061	=over 4	1427	=over 4
1062		1428
1063	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno	1429	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
1064		1430
1065	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be	1431	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be
1066	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event or	1432	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. EV, Glib,
1067	select, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable you have	1433	select and so on, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable
1068	to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.	1434	you have to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.
1069		1435
1070	See C<poll_cb> for an example.	1436	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
1071		1437
1072	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb	1438	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
1073		1439
1074	Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this	1440	Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call
1075	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately	1441	this regularly. Returns C<0> if all events could be processed (or there
1076	when no events are outstanding. The amount of events processed depends on	1442	were no events to process), or C<-1> if it returned earlier for whatever
1077	the settings of C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.	1443	reason. Returns immediately when no events are outstanding. The amount of
		1444	events processed depends on the settings of C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and
		1445	C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.
1078		1446
1079	If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle	1447	If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle
1080	will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns.	1448	will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns, so normally you don't have to
		1449	do anything special to have it called later.
		1450
		1451	Apart from calling C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> when the event filehandle becomes
		1452	ready, it can be beneficial to call this function from loops which submit
		1453	a lot of requests, to make sure the results get processed when they become
		1454	available and not just when the loop is finished and the event loop takes
		1455	over again. This function returns very fast when there are no outstanding
		1456	requests.
1081		1457
1082	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls	1458	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
1083	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:	1459	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority (more examples can be found in the
		1460	SYNOPSIS section, at the top of this document):
1084		1461
1085	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	1462	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
1086	poll => 'r', async => 1,	1463	poll => 'r', async => 1,
1087	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	1464	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1465
		1466	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
		1467
		1468	If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result
		1469	phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply
		1470	does a C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to
		1471	synchronously wait for some requests to finish).
		1472
		1473	See C<nreqs> for an example.
		1474
		1475	=item IO::AIO::poll
		1476
		1477	Waits until some requests have been handled.
		1478
		1479	Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly
		1480	equivalent to:
		1481
		1482	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1483
		1484	=item IO::AIO::flush
		1485
		1486	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
		1487
		1488	Strictly equivalent to:
		1489
		1490	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1491	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
1088		1492
1089	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs	1493	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
1090		1494
1091	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds	1495	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
1092		1496
…		…
1117	# use a low priority so other tasks have priority	1521	# use a low priority so other tasks have priority
1118	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	1522	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
1119	poll => 'r', nice => 1,	1523	poll => 'r', nice => 1,
1120	cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);	1524	cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);
1121		1525
1122	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
1123
1124	If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result
1125	phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply
1126	does a C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to
1127	synchronously wait for some requests to finish).
1128
1129	See C<nreqs> for an example.
1130
1131	=item IO::AIO::poll
1132
1133	Waits until some requests have been handled.
1134
1135	Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly
1136	equivalent to:
1137
1138	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
1139
1140	=item IO::AIO::flush
1141
1142	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
1143
1144	Strictly equivalent to:
1145
1146	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
1147	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
1148
1149	=back	1526	=back
1150		1527
1151	=head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS	1528	=head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS
1152		1529
1153	=over	1530	=over
…		…
1186		1563
1187	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	1564	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
1188		1565
1189	=item IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads	1566	=item IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
1190		1567
1191	Limit the number of threads (default: 4) that are allowed to idle (i.e.,	1568	Limit the number of threads (default: 4) that are allowed to idle
1192	threads that did not get a request to process within 10 seconds). That	1569	(i.e., threads that did not get a request to process within the idle
1193	means if a thread becomes idle while C<$nthreads> other threads are also	1570	timeout (default: 10 seconds). That means if a thread becomes idle while
1194	idle, it will free its resources and exit.	1571	C<$nthreads> other threads are also idle, it will free its resources and
		1572	exit.
1195		1573
1196	This is useful when you allow a large number of threads (e.g. 100 or 1000)	1574	This is useful when you allow a large number of threads (e.g. 100 or 1000)
1197	to allow for extremely high load situations, but want to free resources	1575	to allow for extremely high load situations, but want to free resources
1198	under normal circumstances (1000 threads can easily consume 30MB of RAM).	1576	under normal circumstances (1000 threads can easily consume 30MB of RAM).
1199		1577
1200	The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread	1578	The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread
1201	creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might	1579	creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might
1202	want to use larger values.	1580	want to use larger values.
1203		1581
		1582	=item IO::AIO::idle_timeout $seconds
		1583
		1584	Sets the minimum idle timeout (default 10) after which worker threads are
		1585	allowed to exit. SEe C<IO::AIO::max_idle>.
		1586
1204	=item $oldmaxreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs	1587	=item IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
		1588
		1589	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If
		1590	you do queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to
		1591	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> (and other functions calling C<poll_cb>, such as
		1592	C<IO::AIO::flush> or C<IO::AIO::poll>) will block until the limit is no
		1593	longer exceeded.
		1594
		1595	In other words, this setting does not enforce a queue limit, but can be
		1596	used to make poll functions block if the limit is exceeded.
1205		1597
1206	This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it	1598	This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it
1207	blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better	1599	blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better
1208	use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.	1600	use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.
1209		1601
1210	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you	1602	It's main use is in scripts without an event loop - when you want to stat
1211	to queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to the	1603	a lot of files, you can write somehting like this:
1212	C<poll_cb> (and C<poll_some> and other functions calling C<poll_cb>)
1213	function will block until the limit is no longer exceeded.
1214		1604
1215	The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the	1605	IO::AIO::max_outstanding 32;
1216	number of outstanding requests.
1217		1606
1218	You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore,	1607	for my $path (...) {
1219	C<max_oustsanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or	1608	aio_stat $path , ...;
1220	as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values).	1609	IO::AIO::poll_cb;
		1610	}
		1611
		1612	IO::AIO::flush;
		1613
		1614	The call to C<poll_cb> inside the loop will normally return instantly, but
		1615	as soon as more thna C<32> reqeusts are in-flight, it will block until
		1616	some requests have been handled. This keeps the loop from pushing a large
		1617	number of C<aio_stat> requests onto the queue.
		1618
		1619	The default value for C<max_outstanding> is very large, so there is no
		1620	practical limit on the number of outstanding requests.
1221		1621
1222	=back	1622	=back
1223		1623
1224	=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION	1624	=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION
1225		1625
…		…
1245	Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,	1645	Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,
1246	but not yet processed by poll_cb).	1646	but not yet processed by poll_cb).
1247		1647
1248	=back	1648	=back
1249		1649
		1650	=head3 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
		1651
		1652	IO::AIO implements some functions that might be useful, but are not
		1653	asynchronous.
		1654
		1655	=over 4
		1656
		1657	=item IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
		1658
		1659	Calls the C<eio_sendfile_sync> function, which is like C<aio_sendfile>,
		1660	but is blocking (this makes most sense if you know the input data is
		1661	likely cached already and the output filehandle is set to non-blocking
		1662	operations).
		1663
		1664	Returns the number of bytes copied, or C<-1> on error.
		1665
		1666	=item IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
		1667
		1668	Simply calls the C<posix_fadvise> function (see its
		1669	manpage for details). The following advice constants are
		1670	avaiable: C<IO::AIO::FADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_SEQUENTIAL>,
		1671	C<IO::AIO::FADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_NOREUSE>,
		1672	C<IO::AIO::FADV_WILLNEED>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_DONTNEED>.
		1673
		1674	On systems that do not implement C<posix_fadvise>, this function returns
		1675	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_fadvise>.
		1676
		1677	=item IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $len, $advice
		1678
		1679	Simply calls the C<posix_madvise> function (see its
		1680	manpage for details). The following advice constants are
		1681	avaiable: C<IO::AIO::MADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_SEQUENTIAL>,
		1682	C<IO::AIO::MADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_WILLNEED>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_DONTNEED>.
		1683
		1684	On systems that do not implement C<posix_madvise>, this function returns
		1685	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_madvise>.
		1686
		1687	=item IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $len, $protect
		1688
		1689	Simply calls the C<mprotect> function on the preferably AIO::mmap'ed
		1690	$scalar (see its manpage for details). The following protect
		1691	constants are avaiable: C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ>,
		1692	C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>.
		1693
		1694	On systems that do not implement C<mprotect>, this function returns
		1695	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<mprotect>.
		1696
		1697	=item IO::AIO::mmap $scalar, $length, $prot, $flags, $fh[, $offset]
		1698
		1699	Memory-maps a file (or anonymous memory range) and attaches it to the
		1700	given C<$scalar>, which will act like a string scalar.
		1701
		1702	The only operations allowed on the scalar are C<substr>/C<vec> that don't
		1703	change the string length, and most read-only operations such as copying it
		1704	or searching it with regexes and so on.
		1705
		1706	Anything else is unsafe and will, at best, result in memory leaks.
		1707
		1708	The memory map associated with the C<$scalar> is automatically removed
		1709	when the C<$scalar> is destroyed, or when the C<IO::AIO::mmap> or
		1710	C<IO::AIO::munmap> functions are called.
		1711
		1712	This calls the C<mmap>(2) function internally. See your system's manual
		1713	page for details on the C<$length>, C<$prot> and C<$flags> parameters.
		1714
		1715	The C<$length> must be larger than zero and smaller than the actual
		1716	filesize.
		1717
		1718	C<$prot> is a combination of C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>,
		1719	C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ> and/or C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>,
		1720
		1721	C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED> or
		1722	C<IO::AIO::MAP_PRIVATE>, or a number of system-specific flags (when
		1723	not available, the are defined as 0): C<IO::AIO::MAP_ANONYMOUS>
		1724	(which is set to C<MAP_ANON> if your system only provides this
		1725	constant), C<IO::AIO::MAP_HUGETLB>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_LOCKED>,
		1726	C<IO::AIO::MAP_NORESERVE>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_POPULATE> or
		1727	C<IO::AIO::MAP_NONBLOCK>
		1728
		1729	If C<$fh> is C<undef>, then a file descriptor of C<-1> is passed.
		1730
		1731	C<$offset> is the offset from the start of the file - it generally must be
		1732	a multiple of C<IO::AIO::PAGESIZE> and defaults to C<0>.
		1733
		1734	Example:
		1735
		1736	use Digest::MD5;
		1737	use IO::AIO;
		1738
		1739	open my $fh, "<verybigfile"
		1740	or die "$!";
		1741
		1742	IO::AIO::mmap my $data, -s $fh, IO::AIO::PROT_READ, IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED, $fh
		1743	or die "verybigfile: $!";
		1744
		1745	my $fast_md5 = md5 $data;
		1746
		1747	=item IO::AIO::munmap $scalar
		1748
		1749	Removes a previous mmap and undefines the C<$scalar>.
		1750
		1751	=item IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef
		1752
		1753	Calls the C<munlock> function, undoing the effects of a previous
		1754	C<aio_mlock> call (see its description for details).
		1755
		1756	=item IO::AIO::munlockall
		1757
		1758	Calls the C<munlockall> function.
		1759
		1760	On systems that do not implement C<munlockall>, this function returns
		1761	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<munlockall>.
		1762
		1763	=back
		1764
1250	=cut	1765	=cut
1251		1766
1252	# support function to convert a fd into a perl filehandle
1253	sub _fd2fh {
1254	return undef if $_[0] < 0;
1255
1256	# try to generate nice filehandles
1257	my $sym = "IO::AIO::fd#$_[0]";
1258	local *$sym;
1259
1260	open *$sym, "+<&=$_[0]" # usually works under any unix
1261	or open *$sym, "<&=$_[0]" # cygwin needs this
1262	or open *$sym, ">&=$_[0]" # or this
1263	or return undef;
1264
1265	*$sym
1266	}
1267
1268	min_parallel 8;	1767	min_parallel 8;
1269		1768
1270	END { flush }	1769	END { flush }
1271		1770
1272	1;	1771	1;
1273		1772
		1773	=head1 EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
		1774
		1775	It is recommended to use L<AnyEvent::AIO> to integrate IO::AIO
		1776	automatically into many event loops:
		1777
		1778	# AnyEvent integration (EV, Event, Glib, Tk, POE, urxvt, pureperl...)
		1779	use AnyEvent::AIO;
		1780
		1781	You can also integrate IO::AIO manually into many event loops, here are
		1782	some examples of how to do this:
		1783
		1784	# EV integration
		1785	my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
		1786
		1787	# Event integration
		1788	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1789	poll => 'r',
		1790	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1791
		1792	# Glib/Gtk2 integration
		1793	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1794	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
		1795
		1796	# Tk integration
		1797	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
		1798	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1799
		1800	# Danga::Socket integration
		1801	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
		1802	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1803
1274	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR	1804	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR
1275		1805
1276	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:	1806	Usage of pthreads in a program changes the semantics of fork
		1807	considerably. Specifically, only async-safe functions can be called after
		1808	fork. Perl doesn't know about this, so in general, you cannot call fork
		1809	with defined behaviour in perl if pthreads are involved. IO::AIO uses
		1810	pthreads, so this applies, but many other extensions and (for inexplicable
		1811	reasons) perl itself often is linked against pthreads, so this limitation
		1812	applies to quite a lot of perls.
1277		1813
1278	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests	1814	This module no longer tries to fight your OS, or POSIX. That means IO::AIO
1279	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After	1815	only works in the process that loaded it. Forking is fully supported, but
1280	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues	1816	using IO::AIO in the child is not.
1281	request/result processing, while the child frees the request/result queue
1282	(so that the requests started before the fork will only be handled in the
1283	parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit set in the
1284	parent process has been reached again.
1285		1817
1286	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had	1818	You might get around by not I<using> IO::AIO before (or after)
1287	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used	1819	forking. You could also try to call the L<IO::AIO::reinit> function in the
1288	yet.	1820	child:
		1821
		1822	=over 4
		1823
		1824	=item IO::AIO::reinit
		1825
		1826	Abondons all current requests and I/O threads and simply reinitialises all
		1827	data structures. This is not an operation suppported by any standards, but
		1828	happens to work on GNU/Linux and some newer BSD systems.
		1829
		1830	The only reasonable use for this function is to call it after forking, if
		1831	C<IO::AIO> was used in the parent. Calling it while IO::AIO is active in
		1832	the process will result in undefined behaviour. Calling it at any time
		1833	will also result in any undefined (by POSIX) behaviour.
		1834
		1835	=back
1289		1836
1290	=head2 MEMORY USAGE	1837	=head2 MEMORY USAGE
1291		1838
1292	Per-request usage:	1839	Per-request usage:
1293		1840
…		…
1310		1857
1311	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.	1858	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.
1312		1859
1313	=head1 SEE ALSO	1860	=head1 SEE ALSO
1314		1861
1315	L<Coro::AIO>.	1862	L<AnyEvent::AIO> for easy integration into event loops, L<Coro::AIO> for a
		1863	more natural syntax.
1316		1864
1317	=head1 AUTHOR	1865	=head1 AUTHOR
1318		1866
1319	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	1867	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
1320	http://home.schmorp.de/	1868	http://home.schmorp.de/

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