[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/IO-AIO/AIO.pm

Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.1 by root, Sun Jul 10 17:07:44 2005 UTC vs.
Revision 1.71 by root, Tue Oct 24 11:57:30 2006 UTC

…		…
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use IO::AIO;	7	use IO::AIO;
8		8
		9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		10	my ($fh) = @_;
		11	...
		12	};
		13
		14	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
		15
		16	aio_read $fh, 30000, 1024, $buffer, 0, sub {
		17	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
		18	};
		19
		20	# version 2+ has request and group objects
		21	use IO::AIO 2;
		22
		23	aioreq_pri 4; # give next request a very high priority
		24	my $req = aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
		25	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue
		26
		27	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };
		28	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;
		29
		30	# AnyEvent integration
		31	open my $fh, "<&=" . IO::AIO::poll_fileno or die "$!";
		32	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => 'r', cb => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb });
		33
		34	# Event integration
		35	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		36	poll => 'r',
		37	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		38
		39	# Glib/Gtk2 integration
		40	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		41	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
		42
		43	# Tk integration
		44	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
		45	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		46
		47	# Danga::Socket integration
		48	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
		49	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		50
9	=head1 DESCRIPTION	51	=head1 DESCRIPTION
10		52
11	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your	53	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
12	operating system supports. Currently, it falls back to Linux::AIO if that	54	operating system supports.
13	module is available, or uses pthreads to emulato aio functionality.
14		55
15	Currently, in this module a number of threads are started that execute	56	Currently, a number of threads are started that execute your read/writes
16	your read/writes and signal their completion. You don't need thread	57	and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in perl, and
17	support in your libc or perl, and the threads created by this module will	58	the threads created by this module will not be visible to perl. In the
18	not be visible to the pthreads library.	59	future, this module might make use of the native aio functions available
		60	on many operating systems. However, they are often not well-supported
		61	(Linux doesn't allow them on normal files currently, for example),
		62	and they would only support aio_read and aio_write, so the remaining
		63	functionality would have to be implemented using threads anyway.
19		64
20	Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads, it is	65	Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads,
21	not reentrant, so use appropriate locking yourself.	66	it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate locking
		67	yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never
		68	call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
22		69
23	=head2 API NOTES	70	=cut
		71
		72	package IO::AIO;
		73
		74	no warnings;
		75	use strict 'vars';
		76
		77	use base 'Exporter';
		78
		79	BEGIN {
		80	our $VERSION = '2.0';
		81
		82	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat
		83	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink
		84	aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link aio_move
		85	aio_group aio_nop);
		86	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice));
		87	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
		88	min_parallel max_parallel max_outstanding nreqs);
		89
		90	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
		91
		92	require XSLoader;
		93	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
		94	}
		95
		96	=head1 FUNCTIONS
		97
		98	=head2 AIO FUNCTIONS
24		99
25	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall	100	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
26	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,	101	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
27	and they all accept an additional C<$callback> argument which must be	102	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
28	a code reference. This code reference will get called with the syscall	103	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
29	return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike perl, which	104	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike
30	usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given syscall has	105	perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given
31	been executed asynchronously.	106	syscall has been executed asynchronously.
32		107
33	All functions that expect a filehandle will also accept a file descriptor.	108	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
		109	internally until the request has finished.
34		110
		111	All requests return objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow further
		112	manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.
		113
35	The filenames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute. The reason	114	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and
36	is that at the time the request is being executed, the current working	115	encoded in byte form. The reason for the former is that at the time the
37	directory could have changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you	116	request is being executed, the current working directory could have
		117	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the
38	never change the current working directory.	118	current working directory.
		119
		120	To encode pathnames to byte form, either make sure you either: a)
		121	always pass in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir
		122	etc.), b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode
		123	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
		124	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
		125	use something else.
39		126
40	=over 4	127	=over 4
41		128
42	=cut	129	=item aioreq_pri $pri
43		130
44	package IO::AIO;	131	Sets the priority for the next aio request. The default priority
		132	is C<0>, the minimum and maximum priorities are C<-4> and C<4>,
		133	respectively. Requests with higher priority will be serviced first.
45		134
46	use base 'Exporter';	135	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each call to one of the C<aio_>
		136	functions.
47		137
48	BEGIN {	138	Example: open a file with low priority, then read something from it with
49	$VERSION = 0.1;	139	higher priority so the read request is serviced before other low priority
		140	open requests (potentially spamming the cache):
50		141
51	@EXPORT = qw(aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink	142	aioreq_pri -3;
52	aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead);	143	aio_open ..., sub {
53	@EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb min_parallel max_parallel nreqs);	144	return unless $_[0];
54		145
55	require XSLoader;	146	aioreq_pri -2;
56	XSLoader::load IO::AIO, $VERSION;	147	aio_read $_[0], ..., sub {
57	}	148	...
		149	};
		150	};
58		151
59	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads	152	=item aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
60		153
61	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The default is	154	Similar to C<aioreq_pri>, but subtracts the given value from the current
62	C<1>, which means a single asynchronous operation can be done at one time	155	priority, so effects are cumulative.
63	(the number of outstanding operations, however, is unlimited).
64		156
65	It is recommended to keep the number of threads low, as some linux
66	kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads (higher
67	parallelity => MUCH higher latency).
68
69	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function, as this
70	module automatically starts a single async thread.
71
72	=item IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
73
74	Sets the maximum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. If more than
75	the specified number of threads are currently running, kill them. This
76	function blocks until the limit is reached.
77
78	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure
79	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.
80
81	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
82
83	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
84
85	Return the I<request result pipe filehandle>. This filehandle must be
86	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event
87	or select, see below). If the pipe becomes readable you have to call
88	C<poll_cb> to check the results.
89
90	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
91
92	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
93
94	Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
95	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately
96	when no events are outstanding.
97
98	You can use Event to multiplex, e.g.:
99
100	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
101	poll => 'r', async => 1,
102	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
103
104	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
105
106	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a
107	select on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait
108	for some requests to finish).
109
110	See C<nreqs> for an example.
111
112	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
113
114	Returns the number of requests currently outstanding.
115
116	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:
117
118	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
119	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
120
121	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback	157	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
122		158
123	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with the	159	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly
124	filedescriptor (NOT a perl filehandle, sorry for that, but watch out, this	160	created filehandle for the file.
125	might change in the future).
126		161
127	The pathname passed to C<aio_open> must be absolute. See API NOTES, above,	162	The pathname passed to C<aio_open> must be absolute. See API NOTES, above,
128	for an explanation.	163	for an explanation.
129		164
130	The C<$mode> argument is a bitmask. See the C<Fcntl> module for a	165	The C<$flags> argument is a bitmask. See the C<Fcntl> module for a
131	list. They are the same as used in C<sysopen>.	166	list. They are the same as used by C<sysopen>.
		167
		168	Likewise, C<$mode> specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it
		169	didn't exist and C<O_CREAT> has been given, just like perl's C<sysopen>,
		170	except that it is mandatory (i.e. use C<0> if you don't create new files,
		171	and C<0666> or C<0777> if you do).
132		172
133	Example:	173	Example:
134		174
135	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	175	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
136	if ($_[0] >= 0) {	176	if ($_[0]) {
137	open my $fh, "<&$_[0]"; # create a copy for perl
138	aio_close $_[0], sub { }; # close the aio handle
139	print "open successful, fh is $fh\n";	177	print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n";
140	...	178	...
141	} else {	179	} else {
142	die "open failed: $!\n";	180	die "open failed: $!\n";
143	}	181	}
144	};	182	};
145		183
146	=item aio_close $fh, $callback	184	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
147		185
148	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result code.	186	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result
		187	code. I<WARNING:> although accepted, you should not pass in a perl
		188	filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor another
		189	time when the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can safely call perls
		190	C<close> or just let filehandles go out of scope.
149		191
		192	This is supposed to be a bug in the API, so that might change. It's
		193	therefore best to avoid this function.
		194
150	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset,$callback	195	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
151		196
152	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset,$callback	197	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
153		198
154	Reads or writes C<length> bytes from the specified C<fh> and C<offset>	199	Reads or writes C<length> bytes from the specified C<fh> and C<offset>
155	into the scalar given by C<data> and offset C<dataoffset> and calls the	200	into the scalar given by C<data> and offset C<dataoffset> and calls the
156	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just	201	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just
157	like the syscall).	202	like the syscall).
158		203
		204	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request
		205	is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or WW3 (if the
		206	necessary/optional hardware is installed).
		207
159	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, strating at	208	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, starting at
160	offset C<0> within the scalar:	209	offset C<0> within the scalar:
161		210
162	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {	211	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {
163	$_[0] >= 0 or die "read error: $!";	212	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
164	print "read <$buffer>\n";	213	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";
165	};	214	};
166		215
		216	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		217
		218	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		219	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		220	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
		221
		222	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If
		223	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it creates the destination file with mode 0200
		224	and copies the contents of the source file into it using C<aio_sendfile>,
		225	followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, in that
		226	order, and unlinking the C<$srcpath>.
		227
		228	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
		229	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
		230	errors are being ignored.
		231
		232	=cut
		233
		234	sub aio_move($$$) {
		235	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		236
		237	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		238
		239	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
		240	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
		241	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		242	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
		243	my @stat = stat $src_fh;
		244
		245	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_WRONLY, 0200, sub {
		246	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
		247	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
		248	close $src_fh;
		249
		250	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
		251	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
		252	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
		253	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
		254	close $dst_fh;
		255
		256	add $grp aio_unlink $src, sub {
		257	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		258	};
		259	} else {
		260	my $errno = $!;
		261	add $grp aio_unlink $dst, sub {
		262	$! = $errno;
		263	$grp->result (-1);
		264	};
		265	}
		266	};
		267	} else {
		268	$grp->result (-1);
		269	}
		270	},
		271
		272	} else {
		273	$grp->result (-1);
		274	}
		275	};
		276	} else {
		277	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		278	}
		279	};
		280
		281	$grp
		282	}
		283
		284	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
		285
		286	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts
		287	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current
		288	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more
		289	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each
		290	other.
		291
		292	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide
		293	zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a
		294	socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to mmap'able file.
		295
		296	If the native sendfile call fails or is not implemented, it will be
		297	emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of filehandle
		298	regardless of the limitations of the operating system.
		299
		300	Please note, however, that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from
		301	C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many
		302	bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only
		303	provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result
		304	value equals C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been
		305	read.
		306
167	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback	307	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
168		308
169	Asynchronously reads the specified byte range into the page cache, using
170	the C<readahead> syscall. If that syscall doesn't exist the status will be
171	C<-1> and C<$!> is set to ENOSYS.
172
173	readahead() populates the page cache with data from a file so that	309	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that
174	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>	310	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>
175	argument specifies the starting point from which data is to be read and	311	argument specifies the starting point from which data is to be read and
176	C<$length> specifies the number of bytes to be read. I/O is performed in	312	C<$length> specifies the number of bytes to be read. I/O is performed in
177	whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down to a page boundary	313	whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down to a page boundary
178	and bytes are read up to the next page boundary greater than or equal to	314	and bytes are read up to the next page boundary greater than or equal to
179	(off-set+length). aio_readahead() does not read beyond the end of the	315	(off-set+length). C<aio_readahead> does not read beyond the end of the
180	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.	316	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.
181		317
		318	If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it will be
		319	emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect.
		320
182	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback	321	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
183		322
184	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback	323	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
185		324
186	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will	325	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will
187	be called after the stat and the results will be available using C<stat _>	326	be called after the stat and the results will be available using C<stat _>
188	or C<-s _> etc...	327	or C<-s _> etc...
189		328
…		…
199	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {	338	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {
200	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";	339	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";
201	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";	340	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";
202	};	341	};
203		342
204	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback	343	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
205		344
206	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the	345	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the
207	result code.	346	result code.
208		347
		348	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		349
		350	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
		351	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
		352
		353	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		354
		355	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
		356	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
		357
		358	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		359
		360	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as
		361	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
		362
		363	=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
		364
		365	Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the
		366	result code.
		367
		368	=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
		369
		370	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire
		371	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be
		372	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
		373
		374	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref
		375	with the filenames.
		376
		377	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
		378
		379	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
		380	separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of names, ones
		381	you can recurse into (directories or links to them), and ones you cannot
		382	recurse into (everything else).
		383
		384	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_
		385	C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that
		386	this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default
		387	will be chosen (currently 6).
		388
		389	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives
		390	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.
		391
		392	Example:
		393
		394	aio_scandir $dir, 0, sub {
		395	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;
		396	print "real directories: @$dirs\n";
		397	print "everything else: @$nondirs\n";
		398	};
		399
		400	Implementation notes.
		401
		402	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.
		403
		404	After reading the directory, the modification time, size etc. of the
		405	directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they match (and
		406	isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide how many
		407	entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the number
		408	of subdirectories will be assumed.
		409
		410	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories (everything without
		411	a non-initial dot currently) and likely non-directories (everything
		412	else). Then every entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed,
		413	likely directories first. If that succeeds, it assumes that the entry
		414	is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked
		415	seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because
		416	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode
		417	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature).
		418
		419	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the
		420	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.
		421
		422	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which
		423	fortunately are the vast majority of filesystems around.
		424
		425	It will also likely work on non-POSIX filesystems with reduced efficiency
		426	as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which disables the
		427	directory counting heuristic.
		428
		429	=cut
		430
		431	sub aio_scandir($$$) {
		432	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
		433
		434	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		435
		436	$maxreq = 6 if $maxreq <= 0;
		437
		438	# stat once
		439	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
		440	return $grp->result () if $_[0];
		441	my $now = time;
		442	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
		443
		444	# read the directory entries
		445	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {
		446	my $entries = shift
		447	or return $grp->result ();
		448
		449	# stat the dir another time
		450	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
		451	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
		452
		453	my $ndirs;
		454
		455	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy
		456	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {
		457	$ndirs = -1;
		458	} else {
		459	# if nlink == 2, we are finished
		460	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2
		461	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2
		462	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);
		463	}
		464
		465	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs
		466	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first
		467	$entries = [map $_->[0],
		468	sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }
		469	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
		470	@$entries];
		471
		472	my (@dirs, @nondirs);
		473
		474	my ($statcb, $schedcb);
		475	my $nreq = 0;
		476
		477	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group;
		478
		479	$schedcb = sub {
		480	if (@$entries) {
		481	if ($nreq < $maxreq) {
		482	my $ent = pop @$entries;
		483	$nreq++;
		484	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$ent/.", sub { $statcb->($_[0], $ent) };
		485	}
		486	} elsif (!$nreq) {
		487	# finished
		488	$statgrp->cancel;
		489	undef $statcb;
		490	undef $schedcb;
		491	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
		492	}
		493	};
		494	$statcb = sub {
		495	my ($status, $entry) = @_;
		496
		497	if ($status < 0) {
		498	$nreq--;
		499	push @nondirs, $entry;
		500	&$schedcb;
		501	} else {
		502	# need to check for real directory
		503	add $grp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
		504	$nreq--;
		505
		506	if (-d _) {
		507	push @dirs, $entry;
		508
		509	if (!--$ndirs) {
		510	push @nondirs, @$entries;
		511	$entries = [];
		512	}
		513	} else {
		514	push @nondirs, $entry;
		515	}
		516
		517	&$schedcb;
		518	}
		519	}
		520	};
		521
		522	&$schedcb while @$entries && $nreq < $maxreq;
		523	};
		524	};
		525	};
		526
		527	$grp
		528	}
		529
209	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback	530	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
210		531
211	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback	532	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback
212	with the fsync result code.	533	with the fsync result code.
213		534
214	=item aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback	535	=item aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status)
215		536
216	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the	537	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the
217	callback with the fdatasync result code.	538	callback with the fdatasync result code.
218		539
		540	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
		541	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
		542
		543	=item aio_group $callback->(...)
		544
		545	[EXPERIMENTAL]
		546
		547	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
		548	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
		549	many requests into a single, composite, request with a definite callback
		550	and the ability to cancel the whole request with its subrequests.
		551
		552	Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below
		553	for more info.
		554
		555	Example:
		556
		557	my $grp = aio_group sub {
		558	print "all stats done\n";
		559	};
		560
		561	add $grp
		562	(aio_stat ...),
		563	(aio_stat ...),
		564	...;
		565
		566	=item aio_nop $callback->()
		567
		568	This is a special request - it does nothing in itself and is only used for
		569	side effects, such as when you want to add a dummy request to a group so
		570	that finishing the requests in the group depends on executing the given
		571	code.
		572
		573	While this request does nothing, it still goes through the execution
		574	phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will not
		575	be executed immediately but only after other requests in the queue have
		576	entered their execution phase. This can be used to measure request
		577	latency.
		578
		579	=item IO::AIO::aio_busy $fractional_seconds, $callback->() NOT EXPORTED
		580
		581	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of
		582	the request workers to sleep for the given time.
		583
		584	While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests
		585	like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates is
		586	immense (it blocks a thread for a long time) so do not use this function
		587	except to put your application under artificial I/O pressure.
		588
		589	=back
		590
		591	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS
		592
		593	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when
		594	called in non-void context.
		595
		596	A request always moves through the following five states in its lifetime,
		597	in order: B<ready> (request has been created, but has not been executed
		598	yet), B<execute> (request is currently being executed), B<pending>
		599	(request has been executed but callback has not been called yet),
		600	B<result> (results are being processed synchronously, includes calling the
		601	callback) and B<done> (request has reached the end of its lifetime and
		602	holds no resources anymore).
		603
		604	=over 4
		605
		606	=item cancel $req
		607
		608	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution
		609	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when
		610	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise
		611	untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be
		612	stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.
		613
		614	=item cb $req $callback->(...)
		615
		616	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.
		617
		618	=back
		619
		620	=head2 IO::AIO::GRP CLASS
		621
		622	This class is a subclass of L<IO::AIO::REQ>, so all its methods apply to
		623	objects of this class, too.
		624
		625	A IO::AIO::GRP object is a special request that can contain multiple other
		626	aio requests.
		627
		628	You create one by calling the C<aio_group> constructing function with a
		629	callback that will be called when all contained requests have entered the
		630	C<done> state:
		631
		632	my $grp = aio_group sub {
		633	print "all requests are done\n";
		634	};
		635
		636	You add requests by calling the C<add> method with one or more
		637	C<IO::AIO::REQ> objects:
		638
		639	$grp->add (aio_unlink "...");
		640
		641	add $grp aio_stat "...", sub {
		642	$_[0] or return $grp->result ("error");
		643
		644	# add another request dynamically, if first succeeded
		645	add $grp aio_open "...", sub {
		646	$grp->result ("ok");
		647	};
		648	};
		649
		650	This makes it very easy to create composite requests (see the source of
		651	C<aio_move> for an application) that work and feel like simple requests.
		652
		653	=over 4
		654
		655	=item * The IO::AIO::GRP objects will be cleaned up during calls to
		656	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb>, just like any other request.
		657
		658	=item * They can be canceled like any other request. Canceling will cancel not
		659	only the request itself, but also all requests it contains.
		660
		661	=item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.
		662
		663	=item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or
		664	any later time).
		665
		666	=item * This does not harmonise well with C<max_outstanding>, so best do
		667	not combine C<aio_group> with it. Groups and feeders are recommended for
		668	this kind of concurrency-limiting.
		669
		670	=back
		671
		672	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
		673	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
		674	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
		675	exist.
		676
		677	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests. And
		678	in the callbacks of those requests, you can add further requests to the
		679	group. And only when all those requests have finished will the the group
		680	itself finish.
		681
		682	=over 4
		683
		684	=item add $grp ...
		685
		686	=item $grp->add (...)
		687
		688	Add one or more requests to the group. Any type of L<IO::AIO::REQ> can
		689	be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular
		690	dependencies.
		691
		692	Returns all its arguments.
		693
		694	=item $grp->result (...)
		695
		696	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
		697	subrequests have finished. By default, no argument will be passed.
		698
		699	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
		700
		701	[VERY EXPERIMENTAL]
		702
		703	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
		704	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
		705	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
		706	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For
		707	example, C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat>
		708	requests, delaying any later requests for a long time.
		709
		710	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can
		711	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The
		712	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,
		713	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more
		714	requests.
		715
		716	The feed callback can queue as many requests as it likes (i.e. C<add> does
		717	not impose any limits).
		718
		719	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be
		720	automatically removed from the group.
		721
		722	If the feed limit is C<0>, it will be set to C<2> automatically.
		723
		724	Example:
		725
		726	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:
		727
		728	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "finished\n" };
		729	limit $grp 4;
		730	feed $grp sub {
		731	my $file = pop @files
		732	or return;
		733
		734	add $grp aio_stat $file, sub { ... };
		735	};
		736
		737	=item limit $grp $num
		738
		739	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever
		740	the group contains less than this many requests.
		741
		742	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.
		743
		744	=back
		745
		746	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
		747
		748	=over 4
		749
		750	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
		751
		752	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be
		753	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event or
		754	select, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable you have
		755	to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.
		756
		757	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
		758
		759	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
		760
		761	Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
		762	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately
		763	when no events are outstanding.
		764
		765	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
		766	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:
		767
		768	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		769	poll => 'r', async => 1,
		770	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		771
		772	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
		773
		774	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a
		775	C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait
		776	for some requests to finish).
		777
		778	See C<nreqs> for an example.
		779
		780	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
		781
		782	Returns the number of requests currently outstanding (i.e. for which their
		783	callback has not been invoked yet).
		784
		785	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:
		786
		787	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		788	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
		789
		790	=item IO::AIO::flush
		791
		792	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
		793
		794	Strictly equivalent to:
		795
		796	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		797	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
		798
		799	=item IO::AIO::poll
		800
		801	Waits until some requests have been handled.
		802
		803	Strictly equivalent to:
		804
		805	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		806	if IO::AIO::nreqs;
		807
		808	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
		809
		810	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current
		811	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute
		812	concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests,
		813	however, is unlimited).
		814
		815	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and
		816	no free thread exists.
		817
		818	It is recommended to keep the number of threads relatively low, as some
		819	Linux kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads
		820	(higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6
		821	versions, 4-32 threads should be fine.
		822
		823	Under most circumstances you don't need to call this function, as the
		824	module selects a default that is suitable for low to moderate load.
		825
		826	=item IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
		827
		828	Sets the maximum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. If more than the
		829	specified number of threads are currently running, this function kills
		830	them. This function blocks until the limit is reached.
		831
		832	While C<$nthreads> are zero, aio requests get queued but not executed
		833	until the number of threads has been increased again.
		834
		835	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure
		836	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.
		837
		838	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
		839
		840	=item $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs
		841
		842	[DEPRECATED]
		843
		844	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you
		845	try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will block until
		846	some requests have been handled.
		847
		848	The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. If you
		849	queue up many requests in a loop it often improves speed if you set
		850	this to a relatively low number, such as C<100>.
		851
		852	This function does not work well together with C<aio_group>'s, and their
		853	feeder interface is better suited to limiting concurrency, so do not use
		854	this function.
		855
		856	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
		857
		858	=back
		859
219	=cut	860	=cut
220		861
		862	# support function to convert a fd into a perl filehandle
		863	sub _fd2fh {
		864	return undef if $_[0] < 0;
		865
		866	# try to generate nice filehandles
		867	my $sym = "IO::AIO::fd#$_[0]";
		868	local *$sym;
		869
		870	open *$sym, "+<&=$_[0]" # usually works under any unix
		871	or open *$sym, "<&=$_[0]" # cygwin needs this
		872	or open *$sym, ">&=$_[0]" # or this
		873	or return undef;
		874
		875	*$sym
		876	}
		877
221	min_parallel 4;	878	min_parallel 8;
222		879
223	END {	880	END {
224	max_parallel 0;	881	max_parallel 0;
225	}	882	}
226		883
227	1;	884	1;
228		885
229	=back	886	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR
230		887
231	=head1 BUGS	888	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:
232		889
233	- aio_open gives a fd, but all other functions expect a perl filehandle.	890	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests
		891	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After
		892	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues
		893	request/result processing, while the child clears the request/result
		894	queue (so the requests started before the fork will only be handled in
		895	the parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit ste in the
		896	parent process has been reached again.
		897
		898	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had
		899	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used
		900	yet.
		901
		902	=head2 MEMORY USAGE
		903
		904	Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 128 bytes
		905	of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly a few
		906	hundred bytes). Perl scalars and other data passed into aio requests will
		907	also be locked.
		908
		909	This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a
		910	problem.
		911
		912	Each thread needs a stack area which is usually around 16k, sometimes much
		913	larger, depending on the OS.
234		914
235	=head1 SEE ALSO	915	=head1 SEE ALSO
236		916
237	L<Coro>, L<Linux::AIO>.	917	L<Coro::AIO>.
238		918
239	=head1 AUTHOR	919	=head1 AUTHOR
240		920
241	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	921	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
242	http://home.schmorp.de/	922	http://home.schmorp.de/

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Revision 1.71 by root, Tue Oct 24 11:57:30 2006 UTC