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Revision 1.116 by root, Wed Oct 3 21:27:51 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.187 by root, Fri Feb 11 00:05:17 2011 UTC

…		…
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use IO::AIO;	7	use IO::AIO;
8		8
9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
10	my $fh = shift	10	my $fh = shift
11	or die "/etc/passwd: $!";	11	or die "/etc/passwd: $!";
12	...	12	...
13	};	13	};
14		14
…		…
26	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue	26	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue
27		27
28	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };	28	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };
29	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;	29	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;
30		30
31	# AnyEvent integration
32	open my $fh, "<&=" . IO::AIO::poll_fileno or die "$!";
33	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => 'r', cb => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb });
34
35	# Event integration
36	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
37	poll => 'r',
38	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
39
40	# Glib/Gtk2 integration
41	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
42	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
43
44	# Tk integration
45	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
46	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
47
48	# Danga::Socket integration
49	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
50	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
51
52	=head1 DESCRIPTION	31	=head1 DESCRIPTION
53		32
54	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your	33	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
55	operating system supports.	34	operating system supports. It is implemented as an interface to C<libeio>
		35	(L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libeio.html>).
56		36
57	Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program	37	Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program
58	(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation	38	(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation
59	will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This	39	will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This
60	is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even	40	is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even
…		…
64	on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations	44	on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations
65	concurrently.	45	concurrently.
66		46
67	While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for	47	While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for
68	example sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that	48	example sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that
69	support nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is very	49	support nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is
70	inefficient. Use an event loop for that (such as the L<Event|Event>	50	very inefficient. Use an event loop for that (such as the L<EV>
71	module): IO::AIO will naturally fit into such an event loop itself.	51	module): IO::AIO will naturally fit into such an event loop itself.
72		52
73	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your	53	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your
74	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support	54	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support
75	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible	55	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible
…		…
85	yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never	65	yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never
86	call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.	66	call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
87		67
88	=head2 EXAMPLE	68	=head2 EXAMPLE
89		69
90	This is a simple example that uses the Event module and loads	70	This is a simple example that uses the EV module and loads
91	F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:	71	F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:
92		72
93	use Fcntl;	73	use Fcntl;
94	use Event;	74	use EV;
95	use IO::AIO;	75	use IO::AIO;
96		76
97	# register the IO::AIO callback with Event	77	# register the IO::AIO callback with EV
98	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	78	my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
99	poll => 'r',
100	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
101		79
102	# queue the request to open /etc/passwd	80	# queue the request to open /etc/passwd
103	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	81	aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
104	my $fh = shift	82	my $fh = shift
105	or die "error while opening: $!";	83	or die "error while opening: $!";
106		84
107	# stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking	85	# stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking
108	my $size = -s $fh;	86	my $size = -s $fh;
…		…
117		95
118	# file contents now in $contents	96	# file contents now in $contents
119	print $contents;	97	print $contents;
120		98
121	# exit event loop and program	99	# exit event loop and program
122	Event::unloop;	100	EV::unloop;
123	};	101	};
124	};	102	};
125		103
126	# possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,	104	# possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,
127	# check for sockets etc. etc.	105	# check for sockets etc. etc.
128		106
129	# process events as long as there are some:	107	# process events as long as there are some:
130	Event::loop;	108	EV::loop;
131		109
132	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME	110	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME
133		111
134	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not	112	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not
135	directly visible to Perl.	113	directly visible to Perl.
…		…
183		161
184	=cut	162	=cut
185		163
186	package IO::AIO;	164	package IO::AIO;
187		165
188	no warnings;	166	use Carp ();
189	use strict 'vars';	167
		168	use common::sense;
190		169
191	use base 'Exporter';	170	use base 'Exporter';
192		171
193	BEGIN {	172	BEGIN {
194	our $VERSION = '2.5';	173	our $VERSION = '3.72';
195		174
196	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat	175	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close
197	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink	176	aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_readdirx
198	aio_readlink aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link	177	aio_scandir aio_symlink aio_readlink aio_sync aio_fsync
		178	aio_fdatasync aio_sync_file_range aio_pathsync aio_readahead
		179	aio_rename aio_link aio_move aio_copy aio_group
199	aio_move aio_copy aio_group aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir	180	aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir aio_chown
200	aio_chown aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate);	181	aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate
		182	aio_msync aio_mtouch aio_mlock aio_mlockall
		183	aio_statvfs);
		184
201	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice aio_block));	185	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice));
202	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush	186	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
203	min_parallel max_parallel max_idle	187	min_parallel max_parallel max_idle
204	nreqs nready npending nthreads	188	nreqs nready npending nthreads
205	max_poll_time max_poll_reqs);	189	max_poll_time max_poll_reqs
		190	sendfile fadvise madvise
		191	mmap munmap munlock munlockall);
		192
		193	push @AIO_REQ, qw(aio_busy); # not exported
206		194
207	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';	195	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
208		196
209	require XSLoader;	197	require XSLoader;
210	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);	198	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
211	}	199	}
212		200
213	=head1 FUNCTIONS	201	=head1 FUNCTIONS
		202
		203	=head2 QUICK OVERVIEW
		204
		205	This section simply lists the prototypes of the most important functions
		206	for quick reference. See the following sections for function-by-function
		207	documentation.
		208
		209	aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
		210	aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
		211	aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
		212	aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
		213	aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
		214	aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
		215	aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
		216	aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
		217	aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs)
		218	aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
		219	aio_chown $fh_or_path, $uid, $gid, $callback->($status)
		220	aio_truncate $fh_or_path, $offset, $callback->($status)
		221	aio_chmod $fh_or_path, $mode, $callback->($status)
		222	aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
		223	aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
		224	aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		225	aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		226	aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link)
		227	aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		228	aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status)
		229	aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
		230	aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
		231	aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
		232	IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
		233	IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
		234	aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)
		235	aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		236	aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		237	aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
		238	aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)
		239	aio_sync $callback->($status)
		240	aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
		241	aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status)
		242	aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
		243	aio_pathsync $path, $callback->($status)
		244	aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		245	aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		246	aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status)
		247	aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status)
		248	aio_group $callback->(...)
		249	aio_nop $callback->()
		250
		251	$prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
		252	aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
		253
		254	IO::AIO::poll_wait
		255	IO::AIO::poll_cb
		256	IO::AIO::poll
		257	IO::AIO::flush
		258	IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
		259	IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
		260	IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
		261	IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
		262	IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
		263	IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
		264	IO::AIO::nreqs
		265	IO::AIO::nready
		266	IO::AIO::npending
		267
		268	IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
		269	IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
		270	IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $length, $advice
		271	IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $length, $protect
		272	IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef
		273	IO::AIO::munlockall
214		274
215	=head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS	275	=head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS
216		276
217	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall	277	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
218	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,	278	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
219	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument	279	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
220	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with	280	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
221	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike	281	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike
222	perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given	282	perl, which usually delivers "false") as its sole argument after the given
223	syscall has been executed asynchronously.	283	syscall has been executed asynchronously.
224		284
225	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle	285	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
226	internally until the request has finished.	286	internally until the request has finished.
227		287
…		…
241	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user	301	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
242	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)	302	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
243	use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.	303	use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.
244		304
245	This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO	305	This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO
246	handles correctly wether it is set or not.	306	handles correctly whether it is set or not.
247		307
248	=over 4	308	=over 4
249		309
250	=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]	310	=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
251		311
…		…
298	by the umask in effect then the request is being executed, so better never	358	by the umask in effect then the request is being executed, so better never
299	change the umask.	359	change the umask.
300		360
301	Example:	361	Example:
302		362
303	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	363	aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
304	if ($_[0]) {	364	if ($_[0]) {
305	print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n";	365	print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n";
306	...	366	...
307	} else {	367	} else {
308	die "open failed: $!\n";	368	die "open failed: $!\n";
…		…
313	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)	373	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
314		374
315	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result	375	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result
316	code.	376	code.
317		377
318	Unlike the other functions operating on files, this function uses the	378	Unfortunately, you can't do this to perl. Perl I<insists> very strongly on
319	PerlIO layer to close the filehandle. The reason is that the PerlIO API	379	closing the file descriptor associated with the filehandle itself.
320	insists on closing the underlying fd itself, no matter what, and doesn't
321	allow modifications to the fd. Unfortunately, it is not clear that you can
322	call PerlIO from different threads (actually, its quite clear that this
323	won't work in some cases), so while it likely works perfectly with simple
324	file handles (such as the ones created by C<aio_open>) it might fail in
325	interesting ways for others.
326		380
327	Having said that, aio_close tries to clean up the filehandle as much as	381	Therefore, C<aio_close> will not close the filehandle - instead it will
328	possible before handing it to an io thread, and generally does work.	382	use dup2 to overwrite the file descriptor with the write-end of a pipe
		383	(the pipe fd will be created on demand and will be cached).
329		384
		385	Or in other words: the file descriptor will be closed, but it will not be
		386	free for reuse until the perl filehandle is closed.
		387
		388	=cut
330		389
331	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)	390	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
332		391
333	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)	392	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
334		393
335	Reads or writes C<$length> bytes from the specified C<$fh> and C<$offset>	394	Reads or writes C<$length> bytes from or to the specified C<$fh> and
336	into the scalar given by C<$data> and offset C<$dataoffset> and calls the	395	C<$offset> into the scalar given by C<$data> and offset C<$dataoffset>
337	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just	396	and calls the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on
338	like the syscall).	397	error, just like the syscall).
		398
		399	C<aio_read> will, like C<sysread>, shrink or grow the C<$data> scalar to
		400	offset plus the actual number of bytes read.
339		401
340	If C<$offset> is undefined, then the current file descriptor offset will	402	If C<$offset> is undefined, then the current file descriptor offset will
341	be used (and updated), otherwise the file descriptor offset will not be	403	be used (and updated), otherwise the file descriptor offset will not be
342	changed by these calls.	404	changed by these calls.
343		405
344	If C<$length> is undefined in C<aio_write>, use the remaining length of C<$data>.	406	If C<$length> is undefined in C<aio_write>, use the remaining length of
		407	C<$data>.
345		408
346	If C<$dataoffset> is less than zero, it will be counted from the end of	409	If C<$dataoffset> is less than zero, it will be counted from the end of
347	C<$data>.	410	C<$data>.
348		411
349	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request	412	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request
…		…
365	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current	428	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current
366	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more	429	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more
367	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each	430	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each
368	other.	431	other.
369		432
		433	Please note that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from C<$in_fh> than
		434	are written, and there is no way to find out how many bytes have been read
		435	from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only provides the number of
		436	bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result value equals C<$length>
		437	one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been read.
		438
		439	Unlike with other C<aio_> functions, it makes a lot of sense to use
		440	C<aio_sendfile> on non-blocking sockets, as long as one end (typically
		441	the C<$in_fh>) is a file - the file I/O will then be asynchronous, while
		442	the socket I/O will be non-blocking. Note, however, that you can run into
		443	a trap where C<aio_sendfile> reads some data with readahead, then fails
		444	to write all data, and when the socket is ready the next time, the data
		445	in the cache is already lost, forcing C<aio_sendfile> to again hit the
		446	disk. Explicit C<aio_read> + C<aio_write> let's you control resource usage
		447	much better.
		448
370	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide	449	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide
371	zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a	450	zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a
372	socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to mmap'able file.	451	socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to an mmap'able file.
373		452
374	If the native sendfile call fails or is not implemented, it will be	453	If a native sendfile cannot be found or it fails with C<ENOSYS>,
		454	C<ENOTSUP>, C<EOPNOTSUPP>, C<EAFNOSUPPORT>, C<EPROTOTYPE> or C<ENOTSOCK>,
375	emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of filehandle	455	it will be emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of
376	regardless of the limitations of the operating system.	456	filehandle regardless of the limitations of the operating system.
377
378	Please note, however, that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from
379	C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many
380	bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only
381	provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result
382	value equals C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been
383	read.
384		457
385		458
386	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)	459	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
387		460
388	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that	461	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that
…		…
411		484
412	Currently, the stats are always 64-bit-stats, i.e. instead of returning an	485	Currently, the stats are always 64-bit-stats, i.e. instead of returning an
413	error when stat'ing a large file, the results will be silently truncated	486	error when stat'ing a large file, the results will be silently truncated
414	unless perl itself is compiled with large file support.	487	unless perl itself is compiled with large file support.
415		488
		489	To help interpret the mode and dev/rdev stat values, IO::AIO offers the
		490	following constants and functions (if not implemented, the constants will
		491	be C<0> and the functions will either C<croak> or fall back on traditional
		492	behaviour).
		493
		494	C<S_IFMT>, C<S_IFIFO>, C<S_IFCHR>, C<S_IFBLK>, C<S_IFLNK>, C<S_IFREG>,
		495	C<S_IFDIR>, C<S_IFWHT>, C<S_IFSOCK>, C<IO::AIO::major $dev_t>,
		496	C<IO::AIO::minor $dev_t>, C<IO::AIO::makedev $major, $minor>.
		497
416	Example: Print the length of F</etc/passwd>:	498	Example: Print the length of F</etc/passwd>:
417		499
418	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {	500	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {
419	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";	501	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";
420	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";	502	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";
421	};	503	};
422		504
423		505
		506	=item aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs)
		507
		508	Works like the POSIX C<statvfs> or C<fstatvfs> syscalls, depending on
		509	whether a file handle or path was passed.
		510
		511	On success, the callback is passed a hash reference with the following
		512	members: C<bsize>, C<frsize>, C<blocks>, C<bfree>, C<bavail>, C<files>,
		513	C<ffree>, C<favail>, C<fsid>, C<flag> and C<namemax>. On failure, C<undef>
		514	is passed.
		515
		516	The following POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* constants are defined: C<ST_RDONLY> and
		517	C<ST_NOSUID>.
		518
		519	The following non-POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* flag masks are defined to
		520	their correct value when available, or to C<0> on systems that do
		521	not support them: C<ST_NODEV>, C<ST_NOEXEC>, C<ST_SYNCHRONOUS>,
		522	C<ST_MANDLOCK>, C<ST_WRITE>, C<ST_APPEND>, C<ST_IMMUTABLE>, C<ST_NOATIME>,
		523	C<ST_NODIRATIME> and C<ST_RELATIME>.
		524
		525	Example: stat C</wd> and dump out the data if successful.
		526
		527	aio_statvfs "/wd", sub {
		528	my $f = $_[0]
		529	or die "statvfs: $!";
		530
		531	use Data::Dumper;
		532	say Dumper $f;
		533	};
		534
		535	# result:
		536	{
		537	bsize => 1024,
		538	bfree => 4333064312,
		539	blocks => 10253828096,
		540	files => 2050765568,
		541	flag => 4096,
		542	favail => 2042092649,
		543	bavail => 4333064312,
		544	ffree => 2042092649,
		545	namemax => 255,
		546	frsize => 1024,
		547	fsid => 1810
		548	}
		549
		550
424	=item aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)	551	=item aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
425		552
426	Works like perl's C<utime> function (including the special case of $atime	553	Works like perl's C<utime> function (including the special case of $atime
427	and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if the underlying	554	and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if the underlying
428	syscalls support them.	555	syscalls support them.
…		…
476		603
477	The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:	604	The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:
478		605
479	aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO | $mode, 0, sub { ...	606	aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO | $mode, 0, sub { ...
480		607
		608	See C<aio_stat> for info about some potentially helpful extra constants
		609	and functions.
481		610
482	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	611	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
483		612
484	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	613	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
485	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	614	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
…		…
521		650
522	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire	651	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire
523	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be	652	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be
524	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.	653	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
525		654
526	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref	655	The callback is passed a single argument which is either C<undef> or an
527	with the filenames.	656	array-ref with the filenames.
		657
		658
		659	=item aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
		660
		661	Quite similar to C<aio_readdir>, but the C<$flags> argument allows to tune
		662	behaviour and output format. In case of an error, C<$entries> will be
		663	C<undef>.
		664
		665	The flags are a combination of the following constants, ORed together (the
		666	flags will also be passed to the callback, possibly modified):
		667
		668	=over 4
		669
		670	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS
		671
		672	When this flag is off, then the callback gets an arrayref with of names
		673	only (as with C<aio_readdir>), otherwise it gets an arrayref with
		674	C<[$name, $type, $inode]> arrayrefs, each describing a single directory
		675	entry in more detail.
		676
		677	C<$name> is the name of the entry.
		678
		679	C<$type> is one of the C<IO::AIO::DT_xxx> constants:
		680
		681	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>, C<IO::AIO::DT_FIFO>, C<IO::AIO::DT_CHR>, C<IO::AIO::DT_DIR>,
		682	C<IO::AIO::DT_BLK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_REG>, C<IO::AIO::DT_LNK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_SOCK>,
		683	C<IO::AIO::DT_WHT>.
		684
		685	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN> means just that: readdir does not know. If you need to
		686	know, you have to run stat yourself. Also, for speed reasons, the C<$type>
		687	scalars are read-only: you can not modify them.
		688
		689	C<$inode> is the inode number (which might not be exact on systems with 64
		690	bit inode numbers and 32 bit perls). This field has unspecified content on
		691	systems that do not deliver the inode information.
		692
		693	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
		694
		695	When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order where
		696	likely directories come first. This is useful when you need to quickly
		697	find directories, or you want to find all directories while avoiding to
		698	stat() each entry.
		699
		700	If the system returns type information in readdir, then this is used
		701	to find directories directly. Otherwise, likely directories are files
		702	beginning with ".", or otherwise files with no dots, of which files with
		703	short names are tried first.
		704
		705	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER
		706
		707	When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order
		708	suitable for stat()'ing each one. That is, when you plan to stat()
		709	all files in the given directory, then the returned order will likely
		710	be fastest.
		711
		712	If both this flag and C<IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST> are specified, then
		713	the likely dirs come first, resulting in a less optimal stat order.
		714
		715	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
		716
		717	This flag should not be set when calling C<aio_readdirx>. Instead, it
		718	is being set by C<aio_readdirx>, when any of the C<$type>'s found were
		719	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>. The absense of this flag therefore indicates that all
		720	C<$type>'s are known, which can be used to speed up some algorithms.
		721
		722	=back
528		723
529		724
530	=item aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)	725	=item aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)
531		726
532	This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into	727	This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into
533	memory. Status is the same as with aio_read.	728	memory. Status is the same as with aio_read.
534		729
535	=cut	730	=cut
536		731
537	sub aio_load($$;$) {	732	sub aio_load($$;$) {
538	aio_block {
539	my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_;	733	my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_;
540	my $data = \$_[1];	734	my $data = \$_[1];
541		735
542	my $pri = aioreq_pri;	736	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
543	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	737	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		738
		739	aioreq_pri $pri;
		740	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		741	my $fh = shift
		742	or return $grp->result (-1);
544		743
545	aioreq_pri $pri;	744	aioreq_pri $pri;
546	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
547	my $fh = shift
548	or return $grp->result (-1);
549
550	aioreq_pri $pri;
551	add $grp aio_read $fh, 0, (-s $fh), $$data, 0, sub {	745	add $grp aio_read $fh, 0, (-s $fh), $$data, 0, sub {
552	$grp->result ($_[0]);	746	$grp->result ($_[0]);
553	};
554	};	747	};
555
556	$grp
557	}	748	};
		749
		750	$grp
558	}	751	}
559		752
560	=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	753	=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
561		754
562	Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or	755	Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
563	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with	756	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
564	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.	757	a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>).
565		758
566	This is a composite request that it creates the destination file with	759	This is a composite request that creates the destination file with
567	mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using	760	mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using
568	C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and	761	C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and
569	uid/gid, in that order.	762	uid/gid, in that order.
570		763
571	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if	764	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
…		…
573	errors are being ignored.	766	errors are being ignored.
574		767
575	=cut	768	=cut
576		769
577	sub aio_copy($$;$) {	770	sub aio_copy($$;$) {
578	aio_block {
579	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;	771	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
580		772
581	my $pri = aioreq_pri;	773	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
582	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	774	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
583		775
584	aioreq_pri $pri;	776	aioreq_pri $pri;
585	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	777	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
586	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {	778	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
587	my @stat = stat $src_fh;	779	my @stat = stat $src_fh; # hmm, might block over nfs?
588		780
589	aioreq_pri $pri;	781	aioreq_pri $pri;
590	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {	782	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {
591	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {	783	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
592	aioreq_pri $pri;	784	aioreq_pri $pri;
593	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {	785	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
594	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {	786	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
595	$grp->result (0);	787	$grp->result (0);
596	close $src_fh;	788	close $src_fh;
597		789
598	# those should not normally block. should. should.
599	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
600	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
601	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
602	close $dst_fh;
603	} else {	790	my $ch = sub {
604	$grp->result (-1);
605	close $src_fh;
606	close $dst_fh;
607
608	aioreq $pri;	791	aioreq_pri $pri;
		792	add $grp aio_chmod $dst_fh, $stat[2] & 07777, sub {
		793	aioreq_pri $pri;
		794	add $grp aio_chown $dst_fh, $stat[4], $stat[5], sub {
		795	aioreq_pri $pri;
609	add $grp aio_unlink $dst;	796	add $grp aio_close $dst_fh;
		797	}
		798	};
610	}	799	};
		800
		801	aioreq_pri $pri;
		802	add $grp aio_utime $dst_fh, $stat[8], $stat[9], sub {
		803	if ($_[0] < 0 && $! == ENOSYS) {
		804	aioreq_pri $pri;
		805	add $grp aio_utime $dst, $stat[8], $stat[9], $ch;
		806	} else {
		807	$ch->();
		808	}
		809	};
		810	} else {
		811	$grp->result (-1);
		812	close $src_fh;
		813	close $dst_fh;
		814
		815	aioreq $pri;
		816	add $grp aio_unlink $dst;
611	};	817	}
612	} else {
613	$grp->result (-1);
614	}	818	};
		819	} else {
		820	$grp->result (-1);
615	},	821	}
616
617	} else {
618	$grp->result (-1);
619	}	822	},
		823
		824	} else {
		825	$grp->result (-1);
620	};	826	}
621
622	$grp
623	}	827	};
		828
		829	$grp
624	}	830	}
625		831
626	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	832	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
627		833
628	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or	834	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
629	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with	835	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
630	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.	836	a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>).
631		837
632	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If	838	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first; if
633	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if	839	rename fails with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if
634	that is successful, unlinking the C<$srcpath>.	840	that is successful, unlinks the C<$srcpath>.
635		841
636	=cut	842	=cut
637		843
638	sub aio_move($$;$) {	844	sub aio_move($$;$) {
639	aio_block {
640	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;	845	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
641		846
642	my $pri = aioreq_pri;	847	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
643	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	848	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
644		849
645	aioreq_pri $pri;	850	aioreq_pri $pri;
646	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {	851	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
647	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {	852	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
648	aioreq_pri $pri;	853	aioreq_pri $pri;
649	add $grp aio_copy $src, $dst, sub {	854	add $grp aio_copy $src, $dst, sub {
650	$grp->result ($_[0]);
651
652	if (!$_[0]) {
653	aioreq_pri $pri;
654	add $grp aio_unlink $src;
655	}
656	};
657	} else {
658	$grp->result ($_[0]);	855	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		856
		857	if (!$_[0]) {
		858	aioreq_pri $pri;
		859	add $grp aio_unlink $src;
		860	}
659	}	861	};
		862	} else {
		863	$grp->result ($_[0]);
660	};	864	}
661
662	$grp
663	}	865	};
		866
		867	$grp
664	}	868	}
665		869
666	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)	870	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
667		871
668	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to	872	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
…		…
688		892
689	Implementation notes.	893	Implementation notes.
690		894
691	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.	895	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.
692		896
		897	If readdir returns file type information, then this is used directly to
		898	find directories.
		899
693	After reading the directory, the modification time, size etc. of the	900	Otherwise, after reading the directory, the modification time, size etc.
694	directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they match (and	901	of the directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they
695	isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide how many	902	match (and isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide
696	entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the number	903	how many entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the
697	of subdirectories will be assumed.	904	number of subdirectories will be assumed.
698		905
699	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories (everything without	906	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories a non-initial dot
700	a non-initial dot currently) and likely non-directories (everything	907	currently) and likely non-directories (see C<aio_readdirx>). Then every
701	else). Then every entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed,	908	entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed, likely directories first,
702	likely directories first. If that succeeds, it assumes that the entry	909	in order of their inode numbers. If that succeeds, it assumes that the
703	is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked	910	entry is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked
704	seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because	911	seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because
705	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode	912	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode
706	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature).	913	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature), even on systems that cannot return
		914	the filetype information on readdir.
707		915
708	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the	916	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the
709	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.	917	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.
710		918
711	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which	919	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which
…		…
716	directory counting heuristic.	924	directory counting heuristic.
717		925
718	=cut	926	=cut
719		927
720	sub aio_scandir($$;$) {	928	sub aio_scandir($$;$) {
721	aio_block {
722	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;	929	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
723		930
724	my $pri = aioreq_pri;	931	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
725		932
726	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	933	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
727		934
728	$maxreq = 4 if $maxreq <= 0;	935	$maxreq = 4 if $maxreq <= 0;
729		936
730	# stat once	937	# stat once
		938	aioreq_pri $pri;
		939	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
		940	return $grp->result () if $_[0];
		941	my $now = time;
		942	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
		943
		944	# read the directory entries
731	aioreq_pri $pri;	945	aioreq_pri $pri;
732	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {	946	add $grp aio_readdirx $path, READDIR_DIRS_FIRST, sub {
		947	my $entries = shift
733	return $grp->result () if $_[0];	948	or return $grp->result ();
734	my $now = time;
735	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
736		949
737	# read the directory entries	950	# stat the dir another time
738	aioreq_pri $pri;	951	aioreq_pri $pri;
739	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {
740	my $entries = shift
741	or return $grp->result ();
742
743	# stat the dir another time
744	aioreq_pri $pri;
745	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {	952	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
746	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	953	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
747		954
748	my $ndirs;	955	my $ndirs;
749		956
750	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy	957	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy
751	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {	958	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {
752	$ndirs = -1;	959	$ndirs = -1;
753	} else {	960	} else {
754	# if nlink == 2, we are finished	961	# if nlink == 2, we are finished
755	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2	962	# for non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2
756	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2	963	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2
757	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);	964	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);
758	}	965	}
759		966
760	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs
761	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first
762	$entries = [map $_->[0],
763	sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }
764	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
765	@$entries];
766
767	my (@dirs, @nondirs);	967	my (@dirs, @nondirs);
768		968
769	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {	969	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {
770	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);	970	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
771	};	971	};
772		972
773	limit $statgrp $maxreq;	973	limit $statgrp $maxreq;
774	feed $statgrp sub {	974	feed $statgrp sub {
775	return unless @$entries;	975	return unless @$entries;
776	my $entry = pop @$entries;	976	my $entry = shift @$entries;
777		977
778	aioreq_pri $pri;	978	aioreq_pri $pri;
779	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {	979	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {
780	if ($_[0] < 0) {	980	if ($_[0] < 0) {
781	push @nondirs, $entry;	981	push @nondirs, $entry;
782	} else {	982	} else {
783	# need to check for real directory	983	# need to check for real directory
784	aioreq_pri $pri;	984	aioreq_pri $pri;
785	add $statgrp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {	985	add $statgrp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
786	if (-d _) {	986	if (-d _) {
787	push @dirs, $entry;	987	push @dirs, $entry;
788		988
789	unless (--$ndirs) {	989	unless (--$ndirs) {
790	push @nondirs, @$entries;	990	push @nondirs, @$entries;
791	feed $statgrp;	991	feed $statgrp;
792	}
793	} else {
794	push @nondirs, $entry;
795	}	992	}
		993	} else {
		994	push @nondirs, $entry;
796	}	995	}
797	}	996	}
798	};	997	}
799	};	998	};
800	};	999	};
801	};	1000	};
802	};	1001	};
803
804	$grp
805	}	1002	};
		1003
		1004	$grp
806	}	1005	}
807		1006
808	=item aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)	1007	=item aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)
809		1008
810	Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the	1009	Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the
…		…
814		1013
815	=cut	1014	=cut
816		1015
817	sub aio_rmtree;	1016	sub aio_rmtree;
818	sub aio_rmtree($;$) {	1017	sub aio_rmtree($;$) {
819	aio_block {
820	my ($path, $cb) = @_;	1018	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
821		1019
822	my $pri = aioreq_pri;	1020	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
823	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	1021	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
824		1022
825	aioreq_pri $pri;	1023	aioreq_pri $pri;
826	add $grp aio_scandir $path, 0, sub {	1024	add $grp aio_scandir $path, 0, sub {
827	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;	1025	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;
828		1026
829	my $dirgrp = aio_group sub {	1027	my $dirgrp = aio_group sub {
830	add $grp aio_rmdir $path, sub {	1028	add $grp aio_rmdir $path, sub {
831	$grp->result ($_[0]);	1029	$grp->result ($_[0]);
832	};
833	};	1030	};
834
835	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_rmtree "$path/$_" for @$dirs;
836	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_unlink "$path/$_" for @$nondirs;
837
838	add $grp $dirgrp;
839	};	1031	};
840		1032
841	$grp	1033	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_rmtree "$path/$_" for @$dirs;
		1034	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_unlink "$path/$_" for @$nondirs;
		1035
		1036	add $grp $dirgrp;
842	}	1037	};
		1038
		1039	$grp
843	}	1040	}
		1041
		1042	=item aio_sync $callback->($status)
		1043
		1044	Asynchronously call sync and call the callback when finished.
844		1045
845	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)	1046	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
846		1047
847	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback	1048	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback
848	with the fsync result code.	1049	with the fsync result code.
…		…
852	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the	1053	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the
853	callback with the fdatasync result code.	1054	callback with the fdatasync result code.
854		1055
855	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be	1056	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
856	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.	1057	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
		1058
		1059	=item aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
		1060
		1061	Sync the data portion of the file specified by C<$offset> and C<$length>
		1062	to disk (but NOT the metadata), by calling the Linux-specific
		1063	sync_file_range call. If sync_file_range is not available or it returns
		1064	ENOSYS, then fdatasync or fsync is being substituted.
		1065
		1066	C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE>,
		1067	C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE> and
		1068	C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER>: refer to the sync_file_range
		1069	manpage for details.
		1070
		1071	=item aio_pathsync $path, $callback->($status)
		1072
		1073	This request tries to open, fsync and close the given path. This is a
		1074	composite request intended to sync directories after directory operations
		1075	(E.g. rename). This might not work on all operating systems or have any
		1076	specific effect, but usually it makes sure that directory changes get
		1077	written to disc. It works for anything that can be opened for read-only,
		1078	not just directories.
		1079
		1080	Future versions of this function might fall back to other methods when
		1081	C<fsync> on the directory fails (such as calling C<sync>).
		1082
		1083	Passes C<0> when everything went ok, and C<-1> on error.
		1084
		1085	=cut
		1086
		1087	sub aio_pathsync($;$) {
		1088	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
		1089
		1090	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		1091	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		1092
		1093	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1094	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		1095	my ($fh) = @_;
		1096	if ($fh) {
		1097	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1098	add $grp aio_fsync $fh, sub {
		1099	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		1100
		1101	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1102	add $grp aio_close $fh;
		1103	};
		1104	} else {
		1105	$grp->result (-1);
		1106	}
		1107	};
		1108
		1109	$grp
		1110	}
		1111
		1112	=item aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		1113
		1114	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which only works on mmap(2)ed
		1115	scalars (see the C<IO::AIO::mmap> function, although it also works on data
		1116	scalars managed by the L<Sys::Mmap> or L<Mmap> modules, note that the
		1117	scalar must only be modified in-place while an aio operation is pending on
		1118	it).
		1119
		1120	It calls the C<msync> function of your OS, if available, with the memory
		1121	area starting at C<$offset> in the string and ending C<$length> bytes
		1122	later. If C<$length> is negative, counts from the end, and if C<$length>
		1123	is C<undef>, then it goes till the end of the string. The flags can be
		1124	a combination of C<IO::AIO::MS_ASYNC>, C<IO::AIO::MS_INVALIDATE> and
		1125	C<IO::AIO::MS_SYNC>.
		1126
		1127	=item aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		1128
		1129	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed
		1130	scalars.
		1131
		1132	It touches (reads or writes) all memory pages in the specified
		1133	range inside the scalar. All caveats and parameters are the same
		1134	as for C<aio_msync>, above, except for flags, which must be either
		1135	C<0> (which reads all pages and ensures they are instantiated) or
		1136	C<IO::AIO::MT_MODIFY>, which modifies the memory page s(by reading and
		1137	writing an octet from it, which dirties the page).
		1138
		1139	=item aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status)
		1140
		1141	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed
		1142	scalars.
		1143
		1144	It reads in all the pages of the underlying storage into memory (if any)
		1145	and locks them, so they are not getting swapped/paged out or removed.
		1146
		1147	If C<$length> is undefined, then the scalar will be locked till the end.
		1148
		1149	On systems that do not implement C<mlock>, this function returns C<-1>
		1150	and sets errno to C<ENOSYS>.
		1151
		1152	Note that the corresponding C<munlock> is synchronous and is
		1153	documented under L<MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS>.
		1154
		1155	Example: open a file, mmap and mlock it - both will be undone when
		1156	C<$data> gets destroyed.
		1157
		1158	open my $fh, "<", $path or die "$path: $!";
		1159	my $data;
		1160	IO::AIO::mmap $data, -s $fh, IO::AIO::PROT_READ, IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED, $fh;
		1161	aio_mlock $data; # mlock in background
		1162
		1163	=item aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status)
		1164
		1165	Calls the C<mlockall> function with the given C<$flags> (a combination of
		1166	C<IO::AIO::MCL_CURRENT> and C<IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE>).
		1167
		1168	On systems that do not implement C<mlockall>, this function returns C<-1>
		1169	and sets errno to C<ENOSYS>.
		1170
		1171	Note that the corresponding C<munlockall> is synchronous and is
		1172	documented under L<MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS>.
		1173
		1174	Example: asynchronously lock all current and future pages into memory.
		1175
		1176	aio_mlockall IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE;
857		1177
858	=item aio_group $callback->(...)	1178	=item aio_group $callback->(...)
859		1179
860	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a	1180	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
861	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle	1181	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
…		…
911	=item cancel $req	1231	=item cancel $req
912		1232
913	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution	1233	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution
914	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when	1234	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when
915	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise	1235	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise
916	untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be	1236	untouched (with the exception of readdir). That means that requests that
917	stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.	1237	currently execute will not be stopped and resources held by the request
		1238	will not be freed prematurely.
918		1239
919	=item cb $req $callback->(...)	1240	=item cb $req $callback->(...)
920		1241
921	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.	1242	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.
922		1243
…		…
973	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they	1294	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
974	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the	1295	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
975	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to	1296	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
976	exist.	1297	exist.
977		1298
978	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests. And	1299	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests
979	in the callbacks of those requests, you can add further requests to the	1300	(precisely before the callback has been invoked, which is only done within
980	group. And only when all those requests have finished will the the group	1301	the C<poll_cb>). And in the callbacks of those requests, you can add
981	itself finish.	1302	further requests to the group. And only when all those requests have
		1303	finished will the the group itself finish.
982		1304
983	=over 4	1305	=over 4
984		1306
985	=item add $grp ...	1307	=item add $grp ...
986		1308
…		…
995	=item $grp->cancel_subs	1317	=item $grp->cancel_subs
996		1318
997	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request	1319	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request
998	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.	1320	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.
999		1321
		1322	The group request will finish normally (you cannot add requests to the
		1323	group).
		1324
1000	=item $grp->result (...)	1325	=item $grp->result (...)
1001		1326
1002	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all	1327	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
1003	subrequests have finished and set thre groups errno to the current value	1328	subrequests have finished and set the groups errno to the current value
1004	of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default,	1329	of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default,
1005	no argument will be passed and errno is zero.	1330	no argument will be passed and errno is zero.
1006		1331
1007	=item $grp->errno ([$errno])	1332	=item $grp->errno ([$errno])
1008		1333
…		…
1019	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)	1344	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
1020		1345
1021	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached	1346	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
1022	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,	1347	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
1023	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,	1348	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
1024	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For	1349	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For example,
1025	example, C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat>	1350	C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat> requests,
1026	requests, delaying any later requests for a long time.	1351	delaying any later requests for a long time.
1027		1352
1028	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can	1353	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can
1029	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The	1354	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The
1030	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,	1355	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,
1031	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more	1356	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more
…		…
1035	not impose any limits).	1360	not impose any limits).
1036		1361
1037	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be	1362	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be
1038	automatically removed from the group.	1363	automatically removed from the group.
1039		1364
1040	If the feed limit is C<0>, it will be set to C<2> automatically.	1365	If the feed limit is C<0> when this method is called, it will be set to
		1366	C<2> automatically.
1041		1367
1042	Example:	1368	Example:
1043		1369
1044	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:	1370	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:
1045		1371
…		…
1057	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever	1383	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever
1058	the group contains less than this many requests.	1384	the group contains less than this many requests.
1059		1385
1060	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.	1386	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.
1061		1387
		1388	The default value for the limit is C<0>, but note that setting a feeder
		1389	automatically bumps it up to C<2>.
		1390
1062	=back	1391	=back
1063		1392
1064	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS	1393	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
1065		1394
1066	=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION	1395	=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
…		…
1068	=over 4	1397	=over 4
1069		1398
1070	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno	1399	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
1071		1400
1072	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be	1401	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be
1073	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event or	1402	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. EV, Glib,
1074	select, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable you have	1403	select and so on, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable
1075	to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.	1404	you have to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.
1076		1405
1077	See C<poll_cb> for an example.	1406	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
1078		1407
1079	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb	1408	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
1080		1409
1081	Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this	1410	Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
1082	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately	1411	regularly. Returns C<0> if all events could be processed, or C<-1> if it
		1412	returned earlier for whatever reason. Returns immediately when no events
1083	when no events are outstanding. The amount of events processed depends on	1413	are outstanding. The amount of events processed depends on the settings of
1084	the settings of C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.	1414	C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.
1085		1415
1086	If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle	1416	If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle
1087	will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns.	1417	will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns, so normally you don't have to
		1418	do anything special to have it called later.
1088		1419
1089	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls	1420	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
1090	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:	1421	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority (more examples can be found in the
		1422	SYNOPSIS section, at the top of this document):
1091		1423
1092	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	1424	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
1093	poll => 'r', async => 1,	1425	poll => 'r', async => 1,
1094	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	1426	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1427
		1428	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
		1429
		1430	If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result
		1431	phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply
		1432	does a C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to
		1433	synchronously wait for some requests to finish).
		1434
		1435	See C<nreqs> for an example.
		1436
		1437	=item IO::AIO::poll
		1438
		1439	Waits until some requests have been handled.
		1440
		1441	Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly
		1442	equivalent to:
		1443
		1444	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1445
		1446	=item IO::AIO::flush
		1447
		1448	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
		1449
		1450	Strictly equivalent to:
		1451
		1452	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1453	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
1095		1454
1096	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs	1455	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
1097		1456
1098	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds	1457	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
1099		1458
…		…
1124	# use a low priority so other tasks have priority	1483	# use a low priority so other tasks have priority
1125	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	1484	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
1126	poll => 'r', nice => 1,	1485	poll => 'r', nice => 1,
1127	cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);	1486	cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);
1128		1487
1129	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
1130
1131	If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result
1132	phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply
1133	does a C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to
1134	synchronously wait for some requests to finish).
1135
1136	See C<nreqs> for an example.
1137
1138	=item IO::AIO::poll
1139
1140	Waits until some requests have been handled.
1141
1142	Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly
1143	equivalent to:
1144
1145	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
1146
1147	=item IO::AIO::flush
1148
1149	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
1150
1151	Strictly equivalent to:
1152
1153	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
1154	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
1155
1156	=back	1488	=back
1157		1489
1158	=head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS	1490	=head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS
1159		1491
1160	=over	1492	=over
…		…
1206		1538
1207	The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread	1539	The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread
1208	creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might	1540	creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might
1209	want to use larger values.	1541	want to use larger values.
1210		1542
1211	=item $oldmaxreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs	1543	=item IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
1212		1544
1213	This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it	1545	This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it
1214	blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better	1546	blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better
1215	use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.	1547	use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.
1216		1548
…		…
1221		1553
1222	The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the	1554	The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the
1223	number of outstanding requests.	1555	number of outstanding requests.
1224		1556
1225	You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore,	1557	You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore,
1226	C<max_oustsanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or	1558	C<max_outstanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or
1227	as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values).	1559	as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values).
1228		1560
1229	=back	1561	=back
1230		1562
1231	=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION	1563	=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION
…		…
1252	Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,	1584	Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,
1253	but not yet processed by poll_cb).	1585	but not yet processed by poll_cb).
1254		1586
1255	=back	1587	=back
1256		1588
		1589	=head3 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
		1590
		1591	IO::AIO implements some functions that might be useful, but are not
		1592	asynchronous.
		1593
		1594	=over 4
		1595
		1596	=item IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
		1597
		1598	Calls the C<eio_sendfile_sync> function, which is like C<aio_sendfile>,
		1599	but is blocking (this makes most sense if you know the input data is
		1600	likely cached already and the output filehandle is set to non-blocking
		1601	operations).
		1602
		1603	Returns the number of bytes copied, or C<-1> on error.
		1604
		1605	=item IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
		1606
		1607	Simply calls the C<posix_fadvise> function (see its
		1608	manpage for details). The following advice constants are
		1609	avaiable: C<IO::AIO::FADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_SEQUENTIAL>,
		1610	C<IO::AIO::FADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_NOREUSE>,
		1611	C<IO::AIO::FADV_WILLNEED>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_DONTNEED>.
		1612
		1613	On systems that do not implement C<posix_fadvise>, this function returns
		1614	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_fadvise>.
		1615
		1616	=item IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $len, $advice
		1617
		1618	Simply calls the C<posix_madvise> function (see its
		1619	manpage for details). The following advice constants are
		1620	avaiable: C<IO::AIO::MADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_SEQUENTIAL>,
		1621	C<IO::AIO::MADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_WILLNEED>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_DONTNEED>.
		1622
		1623	On systems that do not implement C<posix_madvise>, this function returns
		1624	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_madvise>.
		1625
		1626	=item IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $len, $protect
		1627
		1628	Simply calls the C<mprotect> function on the preferably AIO::mmap'ed
		1629	$scalar (see its manpage for details). The following protect
		1630	constants are avaiable: C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ>,
		1631	C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>.
		1632
		1633	On systems that do not implement C<mprotect>, this function returns
		1634	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<mprotect>.
		1635
		1636	=item IO::AIO::mmap $scalar, $length, $prot, $flags, $fh[, $offset]
		1637
		1638	Memory-maps a file (or anonymous memory range) and attaches it to the
		1639	given C<$scalar>, which will act like a string scalar.
		1640
		1641	The only operations allowed on the scalar are C<substr>/C<vec> that don't
		1642	change the string length, and most read-only operations such as copying it
		1643	or searching it with regexes and so on.
		1644
		1645	Anything else is unsafe and will, at best, result in memory leaks.
		1646
		1647	The memory map associated with the C<$scalar> is automatically removed
		1648	when the C<$scalar> is destroyed, or when the C<IO::AIO::mmap> or
		1649	C<IO::AIO::munmap> functions are called.
		1650
		1651	This calls the C<mmap>(2) function internally. See your system's manual
		1652	page for details on the C<$length>, C<$prot> and C<$flags> parameters.
		1653
		1654	The C<$length> must be larger than zero and smaller than the actual
		1655	filesize.
		1656
		1657	C<$prot> is a combination of C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>,
		1658	C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ> and/or C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>,
		1659
		1660	C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED> or
		1661	C<IO::AIO::MAP_PRIVATE>, or a number of system-specific flags (when
		1662	not available, the are defined as 0): C<IO::AIO::MAP_ANONYMOUS>
		1663	(which is set to C<MAP_ANON> if your system only provides this
		1664	constant), C<IO::AIO::MAP_HUGETLB>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_LOCKED>,
		1665	C<IO::AIO::MAP_NORESERVE>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_POPULATE> or
		1666	C<IO::AIO::MAP_NONBLOCK>
		1667
		1668	If C<$fh> is C<undef>, then a file descriptor of C<-1> is passed.
		1669
		1670	C<$offset> is the offset from the start of the file - it generally must be
		1671	a multiple of C<IO::AIO::PAGESIZE> and defaults to C<0>.
		1672
		1673	Example:
		1674
		1675	use Digest::MD5;
		1676	use IO::AIO;
		1677
		1678	open my $fh, "<verybigfile"
		1679	or die "$!";
		1680
		1681	IO::AIO::mmap my $data, -s $fh, IO::AIO::PROT_READ, IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED, $fh
		1682	or die "verybigfile: $!";
		1683
		1684	my $fast_md5 = md5 $data;
		1685
		1686	=item IO::AIO::munmap $scalar
		1687
		1688	Removes a previous mmap and undefines the C<$scalar>.
		1689
		1690	=item IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef
		1691
		1692	Calls the C<munlock> function, undoing the effects of a previous
		1693	C<aio_mlock> call (see its description for details).
		1694
		1695	=item IO::AIO::munlockall
		1696
		1697	Calls the C<munlockall> function.
		1698
		1699	On systems that do not implement C<munlockall>, this function returns
		1700	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<munlockall>.
		1701
		1702	=back
		1703
1257	=cut	1704	=cut
1258		1705
1259	min_parallel 8;	1706	min_parallel 8;
1260		1707
1261	END { flush }	1708	END { flush }
1262		1709
1263	1;	1710	1;
		1711
		1712	=head1 EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
		1713
		1714	It is recommended to use L<AnyEvent::AIO> to integrate IO::AIO
		1715	automatically into many event loops:
		1716
		1717	# AnyEvent integration (EV, Event, Glib, Tk, POE, urxvt, pureperl...)
		1718	use AnyEvent::AIO;
		1719
		1720	You can also integrate IO::AIO manually into many event loops, here are
		1721	some examples of how to do this:
		1722
		1723	# EV integration
		1724	my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
		1725
		1726	# Event integration
		1727	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1728	poll => 'r',
		1729	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1730
		1731	# Glib/Gtk2 integration
		1732	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1733	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
		1734
		1735	# Tk integration
		1736	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
		1737	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1738
		1739	# Danga::Socket integration
		1740	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
		1741	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
1264		1742
1265	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR	1743	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR
1266		1744
1267	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:	1745	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:
1268		1746
…		…
1301		1779
1302	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.	1780	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.
1303		1781
1304	=head1 SEE ALSO	1782	=head1 SEE ALSO
1305		1783
1306	L<Coro::AIO>.	1784	L<AnyEvent::AIO> for easy integration into event loops, L<Coro::AIO> for a
		1785	more natural syntax.
1307		1786
1308	=head1 AUTHOR	1787	=head1 AUTHOR
1309		1788
1310	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	1789	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
1311	http://home.schmorp.de/	1790	http://home.schmorp.de/

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