[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/IO-AIO/AIO.pm

Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.13 by root, Mon Jul 11 01:49:14 2005 UTC vs.
Revision 1.74 by root, Tue Oct 24 17:22:17 2006 UTC

…		…
15		15
16	aio_read $fh, 30000, 1024, $buffer, 0, sub {	16	aio_read $fh, 30000, 1024, $buffer, 0, sub {
17	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";	17	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
18	};	18	};
19		19
20	# Event	20	# version 2+ has request and group objects
		21	use IO::AIO 2;
		22
		23	aioreq_pri 4; # give next request a very high priority
		24	my $req = aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
		25	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue
		26
		27	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };
		28	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;
		29
		30	# AnyEvent integration
		31	open my $fh, "<&=" . IO::AIO::poll_fileno or die "$!";
		32	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => 'r', cb => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb });
		33
		34	# Event integration
21	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	35	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
22	poll => 'r',	36	poll => 'r',
23	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	37	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
24		38
25	# Glib/Gtk2	39	# Glib/Gtk2 integration
26	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	40	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
27	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb;	41	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
28		42
29	# Tk	43	# Tk integration
30	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",	44	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
31	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	45	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
32		46
33	# Danga::Socket	47	# Danga::Socket integration
34	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>	48	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
35	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	49	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
36		50
37
38	=head1 DESCRIPTION	51	=head1 DESCRIPTION
39		52
40	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your	53	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
41	operating system supports.	54	operating system supports.
42		55
43	Currently, a number of threads are started that execute your read/writes	56	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your
44	and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in your libc or	57	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support
45	perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible to the	58	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible
46	pthreads library. In the future, this module might make use of the native	59	to perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio
47	aio functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often	60	functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often
48	not well-supported (Linux doesn't allow them on normal files currently,	61	not well-supported or restricted (Linux doesn't allow them on normal
49	for example), and they would only support aio_read and aio_write, so the	62	files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and
50	remaining functionality would have to be implemented using threads anyway.	63	aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented
		64	using threads anyway.
51		65
52	Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads, it is	66	Although the module will work with in the presence of other (Perl-)
53	currently not reentrant, so use appropriate locking yourself.	67	threads, it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate
		68	locking yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or
		69	never call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
		70
		71	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME
		72
		73	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not
		74	directly visible to Perl.
		75
		76	If called in non-void context, every request function returns a Perl
		77	object representing the request. In void context, nothing is returned,
		78	which saves a bit of memory.
		79
		80	The perl object is a fairly standard ref-to-hash object. The hash contents
		81	are not used by IO::AIO so you are free to store anything you like in it.
		82
		83	During their existance, aio requests travel through the following states,
		84	in order:
		85
		86	=over 4
		87
		88	=item ready
		89
		90	Immediately after a request is created it is put into the ready state,
		91	waiting for a thread to execute it.
		92
		93	=item execute
		94
		95	A thread has accepted the request for processing and is currently
		96	executing it (e.g. blocking in read).
		97
		98	=item pending
		99
		100	The request has been executed and is waiting for result processing.
		101
		102	While request submission and execution is fully asynchronous, result
		103	processing is not and relies on the perl interpreter calling C<poll_cb>
		104	(or another function with the same effect).
		105
		106	=item result
		107
		108	The request results are processed synchronously by C<poll_cb>.
		109
		110	The C<poll_cb> function will process all outstanding aio requests by
		111	calling their callbacks, freeing memory associated with them and managing
		112	any groups they are contained in.
		113
		114	=item done
		115
		116	Request has reached the end of its lifetime and holds no resources anymore
		117	(except possibly for the Perl object, but its connection to the actual
		118	aio request is severed and calling its methods will either do nothing or
		119	result in a runtime error).
54		120
55	=cut	121	=cut
56		122
57	package IO::AIO;	123	package IO::AIO;
58		124
		125	no warnings;
		126	use strict 'vars';
		127
59	use base 'Exporter';	128	use base 'Exporter';
60		129
61	use Fcntl ();
62
63	BEGIN {	130	BEGIN {
64	$VERSION = 0.3;	131	our $VERSION = '2.0';
65		132
66	@EXPORT = qw(aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink	133	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat
67	aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead);	134	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink
68	@EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb min_parallel max_parallel max_outstanding nreqs);	135	aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link aio_move
		136	aio_group aio_nop);
		137	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice));
		138	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
		139	min_parallel max_parallel max_outstanding nreqs);
		140
		141	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
69		142
70	require XSLoader;	143	require XSLoader;
71	XSLoader::load IO::AIO, $VERSION;	144	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
72	}	145	}
73		146
74	=head1 FUNCTIONS	147	=head1 FUNCTIONS
75		148
76	=head2 AIO FUNCTIONS	149	=head2 AIO FUNCTIONS
77		150
78	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall	151	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
79	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,	152	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
80	and they all accept an additional C<$callback> argument which must be	153	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
81	a code reference. This code reference will get called with the syscall	154	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
82	return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike perl, which	155	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike
83	usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given syscall has	156	perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given
84	been executed asynchronously.	157	syscall has been executed asynchronously.
85		158
86	All functions that expect a filehandle will also accept a file descriptor.	159	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
		160	internally until the request has finished.
87		161
		162	All requests return objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow further
		163	manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.
		164
88	The filenames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute. The reason	165	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and
89	is that at the time the request is being executed, the current working	166	encoded in byte form. The reason for the former is that at the time the
90	directory could have changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you	167	request is being executed, the current working directory could have
		168	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the
91	never change the current working directory.	169	current working directory.
		170
		171	To encode pathnames to byte form, either make sure you either: a)
		172	always pass in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir
		173	etc.), b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode
		174	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
		175	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
		176	use something else.
92		177
93	=over 4	178	=over 4
94		179
		180	=item aioreq_pri $pri
		181
		182	Sets the priority for the next aio request. The default priority
		183	is C<0>, the minimum and maximum priorities are C<-4> and C<4>,
		184	respectively. Requests with higher priority will be serviced first.
		185
		186	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each call to one of the C<aio_>
		187	functions.
		188
		189	Example: open a file with low priority, then read something from it with
		190	higher priority so the read request is serviced before other low priority
		191	open requests (potentially spamming the cache):
		192
		193	aioreq_pri -3;
		194	aio_open ..., sub {
		195	return unless $_[0];
		196
		197	aioreq_pri -2;
		198	aio_read $_[0], ..., sub {
		199	...
		200	};
		201	};
		202
		203	=item aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
		204
		205	Similar to C<aioreq_pri>, but subtracts the given value from the current
		206	priority, so effects are cumulative.
		207
95	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback	208	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
96		209
97	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly	210	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly
98	created filehandle for the file.	211	created filehandle for the file.
99		212
100	The pathname passed to C<aio_open> must be absolute. See API NOTES, above,	213	The pathname passed to C<aio_open> must be absolute. See API NOTES, above,
101	for an explanation.	214	for an explanation.
102		215
103	The C<$mode> argument is a bitmask. See the C<Fcntl> module for a	216	The C<$flags> argument is a bitmask. See the C<Fcntl> module for a
104	list. They are the same as used in C<sysopen>.	217	list. They are the same as used by C<sysopen>.
		218
		219	Likewise, C<$mode> specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it
		220	didn't exist and C<O_CREAT> has been given, just like perl's C<sysopen>,
		221	except that it is mandatory (i.e. use C<0> if you don't create new files,
		222	and C<0666> or C<0777> if you do).
105		223
106	Example:	224	Example:
107		225
108	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	226	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
109	if ($_[0]) {	227	if ($_[0]) {
…		…
112	} else {	230	} else {
113	die "open failed: $!\n";	231	die "open failed: $!\n";
114	}	232	}
115	};	233	};
116		234
117	=item aio_close $fh, $callback	235	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
118		236
119	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result	237	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result
120	code. I<WARNING:> although accepted, you should not pass in a perl	238	code. I<WARNING:> although accepted, you should not pass in a perl
121	filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor itself when	239	filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor another
122	the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can safely call perls C<close>	240	time when the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can safely call perls
123	or just let filehandles go out of scope.	241	C<close> or just let filehandles go out of scope.
124		242
		243	This is supposed to be a bug in the API, so that might change. It's
		244	therefore best to avoid this function.
		245
125	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset,$callback	246	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
126		247
127	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset,$callback	248	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
128		249
129	Reads or writes C<length> bytes from the specified C<fh> and C<offset>	250	Reads or writes C<length> bytes from the specified C<fh> and C<offset>
130	into the scalar given by C<data> and offset C<dataoffset> and calls the	251	into the scalar given by C<data> and offset C<dataoffset> and calls the
131	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just	252	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just
132	like the syscall).	253	like the syscall).
133		254
		255	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request
		256	is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or WW3 (if the
		257	necessary/optional hardware is installed).
		258
134	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, strating at	259	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, starting at
135	offset C<0> within the scalar:	260	offset C<0> within the scalar:
136		261
137	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {	262	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {
138	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";	263	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
139	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";	264	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";
140	};	265	};
141		266
		267	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		268
		269	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		270	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		271	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
		272
		273	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If
		274	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it creates the destination file with mode 0200
		275	and copies the contents of the source file into it using C<aio_sendfile>,
		276	followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, in that
		277	order, and unlinking the C<$srcpath>.
		278
		279	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
		280	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
		281	errors are being ignored.
		282
		283	=cut
		284
		285	sub aio_move($$$) {
		286	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		287
		288	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		289
		290	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
		291	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
		292	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		293	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
		294	my @stat = stat $src_fh;
		295
		296	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_WRONLY, 0200, sub {
		297	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
		298	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
		299	close $src_fh;
		300
		301	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
		302	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
		303	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
		304	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
		305	close $dst_fh;
		306
		307	add $grp aio_unlink $src, sub {
		308	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		309	};
		310	} else {
		311	my $errno = $!;
		312	add $grp aio_unlink $dst, sub {
		313	$! = $errno;
		314	$grp->result (-1);
		315	};
		316	}
		317	};
		318	} else {
		319	$grp->result (-1);
		320	}
		321	},
		322
		323	} else {
		324	$grp->result (-1);
		325	}
		326	};
		327	} else {
		328	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		329	}
		330	};
		331
		332	$grp
		333	}
		334
		335	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
		336
		337	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts
		338	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current
		339	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more
		340	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each
		341	other.
		342
		343	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide
		344	zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a
		345	socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to mmap'able file.
		346
		347	If the native sendfile call fails or is not implemented, it will be
		348	emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of filehandle
		349	regardless of the limitations of the operating system.
		350
		351	Please note, however, that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from
		352	C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many
		353	bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only
		354	provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result
		355	value equals C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been
		356	read.
		357
142	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback	358	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
143		359
144	Asynchronously reads the specified byte range into the page cache, using
145	the C<readahead> syscall. If that syscall doesn't exist the status will be
146	C<-1> and C<$!> is set to ENOSYS.
147
148	readahead() populates the page cache with data from a file so that	360	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that
149	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>	361	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>
150	argument specifies the starting point from which data is to be read and	362	argument specifies the starting point from which data is to be read and
151	C<$length> specifies the number of bytes to be read. I/O is performed in	363	C<$length> specifies the number of bytes to be read. I/O is performed in
152	whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down to a page boundary	364	whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down to a page boundary
153	and bytes are read up to the next page boundary greater than or equal to	365	and bytes are read up to the next page boundary greater than or equal to
154	(off-set+length). aio_readahead() does not read beyond the end of the	366	(off-set+length). C<aio_readahead> does not read beyond the end of the
155	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.	367	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.
156		368
		369	If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it will be
		370	emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect.
		371
157	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback	372	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
158		373
159	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback	374	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
160		375
161	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will	376	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will
162	be called after the stat and the results will be available using C<stat _>	377	be called after the stat and the results will be available using C<stat _>
163	or C<-s _> etc...	378	or C<-s _> etc...
164		379
…		…
174	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {	389	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {
175	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";	390	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";
176	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";	391	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";
177	};	392	};
178		393
179	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback	394	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
180		395
181	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the	396	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the
182	result code.	397	result code.
183		398
		399	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		400
		401	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
		402	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
		403
		404	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		405
		406	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
		407	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
		408
		409	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		410
		411	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as
		412	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
		413
		414	=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
		415
		416	Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the
		417	result code.
		418
		419	=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
		420
		421	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire
		422	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be
		423	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
		424
		425	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref
		426	with the filenames.
		427
		428	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
		429
		430	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
		431	separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of names, ones
		432	you can recurse into (directories or links to them), and ones you cannot
		433	recurse into (everything else).
		434
		435	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_
		436	C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that
		437	this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default
		438	will be chosen (currently 6).
		439
		440	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives
		441	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.
		442
		443	Example:
		444
		445	aio_scandir $dir, 0, sub {
		446	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;
		447	print "real directories: @$dirs\n";
		448	print "everything else: @$nondirs\n";
		449	};
		450
		451	Implementation notes.
		452
		453	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.
		454
		455	After reading the directory, the modification time, size etc. of the
		456	directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they match (and
		457	isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide how many
		458	entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the number
		459	of subdirectories will be assumed.
		460
		461	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories (everything without
		462	a non-initial dot currently) and likely non-directories (everything
		463	else). Then every entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed,
		464	likely directories first. If that succeeds, it assumes that the entry
		465	is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked
		466	seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because
		467	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode
		468	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature).
		469
		470	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the
		471	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.
		472
		473	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which
		474	fortunately are the vast majority of filesystems around.
		475
		476	It will also likely work on non-POSIX filesystems with reduced efficiency
		477	as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which disables the
		478	directory counting heuristic.
		479
		480	=cut
		481
		482	sub aio_scandir($$$) {
		483	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
		484
		485	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		486
		487	$maxreq = 6 if $maxreq <= 0;
		488
		489	# stat once
		490	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
		491	return $grp->result () if $_[0];
		492	my $now = time;
		493	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
		494
		495	# read the directory entries
		496	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {
		497	my $entries = shift
		498	or return $grp->result ();
		499
		500	# stat the dir another time
		501	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
		502	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
		503
		504	my $ndirs;
		505
		506	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy
		507	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {
		508	$ndirs = -1;
		509	} else {
		510	# if nlink == 2, we are finished
		511	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2
		512	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2
		513	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);
		514	}
		515
		516	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs
		517	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first
		518	$entries = [map $_->[0],
		519	sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }
		520	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
		521	@$entries];
		522
		523	my (@dirs, @nondirs);
		524
		525	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {
		526	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
		527	};
		528
		529	limit $statgrp $maxreq;
		530	feed $statgrp sub {
		531	return unless @$entries;
		532	my $entry = pop @$entries;
		533
		534	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {
		535	if ($_[0] < 0) {
		536	push @nondirs, $entry;
		537	} else {
		538	# need to check for real directory
		539	add $statgrp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
		540	if (-d _) {
		541	push @dirs, $entry;
		542
		543	if (!--$ndirs) {
		544	push @nondirs, @$entries;
		545	$statgrp->cancel_subs;
		546	}
		547	} else {
		548	push @nondirs, $entry;
		549	}
		550	}
		551	}
		552	};
		553	};
		554	};
		555	};
		556	};
		557
		558	$grp
		559	}
		560
184	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback	561	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
185		562
186	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback	563	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback
187	with the fsync result code.	564	with the fsync result code.
188		565
189	=item aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback	566	=item aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status)
190		567
191	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the	568	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the
192	callback with the fdatasync result code.	569	callback with the fdatasync result code.
193		570
		571	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
		572	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
		573
		574	=item aio_group $callback->(...)
		575
		576	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
		577	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
		578	many requests into a single, composite, request with a definite callback
		579	and the ability to cancel the whole request with its subrequests.
		580
		581	Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below
		582	for more info.
		583
		584	Example:
		585
		586	my $grp = aio_group sub {
		587	print "all stats done\n";
		588	};
		589
		590	add $grp
		591	(aio_stat ...),
		592	(aio_stat ...),
		593	...;
		594
		595	=item aio_nop $callback->()
		596
		597	This is a special request - it does nothing in itself and is only used for
		598	side effects, such as when you want to add a dummy request to a group so
		599	that finishing the requests in the group depends on executing the given
		600	code.
		601
		602	While this request does nothing, it still goes through the execution
		603	phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will not
		604	be executed immediately but only after other requests in the queue have
		605	entered their execution phase. This can be used to measure request
		606	latency.
		607
		608	=item IO::AIO::aio_busy $fractional_seconds, $callback->() NOT EXPORTED
		609
		610	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of
		611	the request workers to sleep for the given time.
		612
		613	While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests
		614	like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates is
		615	immense (it blocks a thread for a long time) so do not use this function
		616	except to put your application under artificial I/O pressure.
		617
194	=back	618	=back
195		619
		620	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS
		621
		622	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when
		623	called in non-void context.
		624
		625	=over 4
		626
		627	=item cancel $req
		628
		629	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution
		630	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when
		631	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise
		632	untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be
		633	stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.
		634
		635	=item cb $req $callback->(...)
		636
		637	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.
		638
		639	=back
		640
		641	=head2 IO::AIO::GRP CLASS
		642
		643	This class is a subclass of L<IO::AIO::REQ>, so all its methods apply to
		644	objects of this class, too.
		645
		646	A IO::AIO::GRP object is a special request that can contain multiple other
		647	aio requests.
		648
		649	You create one by calling the C<aio_group> constructing function with a
		650	callback that will be called when all contained requests have entered the
		651	C<done> state:
		652
		653	my $grp = aio_group sub {
		654	print "all requests are done\n";
		655	};
		656
		657	You add requests by calling the C<add> method with one or more
		658	C<IO::AIO::REQ> objects:
		659
		660	$grp->add (aio_unlink "...");
		661
		662	add $grp aio_stat "...", sub {
		663	$_[0] or return $grp->result ("error");
		664
		665	# add another request dynamically, if first succeeded
		666	add $grp aio_open "...", sub {
		667	$grp->result ("ok");
		668	};
		669	};
		670
		671	This makes it very easy to create composite requests (see the source of
		672	C<aio_move> for an application) that work and feel like simple requests.
		673
		674	=over 4
		675
		676	=item * The IO::AIO::GRP objects will be cleaned up during calls to
		677	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb>, just like any other request.
		678
		679	=item * They can be canceled like any other request. Canceling will cancel not
		680	only the request itself, but also all requests it contains.
		681
		682	=item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.
		683
		684	=item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or
		685	any later time).
		686
		687	=item * This does not harmonise well with C<max_outstanding>, so best do
		688	not combine C<aio_group> with it. Groups and feeders are recommended for
		689	this kind of concurrency-limiting.
		690
		691	=back
		692
		693	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
		694	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
		695	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
		696	exist.
		697
		698	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests. And
		699	in the callbacks of those requests, you can add further requests to the
		700	group. And only when all those requests have finished will the the group
		701	itself finish.
		702
		703	=over 4
		704
		705	=item add $grp ...
		706
		707	=item $grp->add (...)
		708
		709	Add one or more requests to the group. Any type of L<IO::AIO::REQ> can
		710	be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular
		711	dependencies.
		712
		713	Returns all its arguments.
		714
		715	=item $grp->cancel_subs
		716
		717	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request
		718	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.
		719
		720	=item $grp->result (...)
		721
		722	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
		723	subrequests have finished. By default, no argument will be passed.
		724
		725	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
		726
		727	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
		728	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
		729	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
		730	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For
		731	example, C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat>
		732	requests, delaying any later requests for a long time.
		733
		734	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can
		735	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The
		736	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,
		737	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more
		738	requests.
		739
		740	The feed callback can queue as many requests as it likes (i.e. C<add> does
		741	not impose any limits).
		742
		743	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be
		744	automatically removed from the group.
		745
		746	If the feed limit is C<0>, it will be set to C<2> automatically.
		747
		748	Example:
		749
		750	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:
		751
		752	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "finished\n" };
		753	limit $grp 4;
		754	feed $grp sub {
		755	my $file = pop @files
		756	or return;
		757
		758	add $grp aio_stat $file, sub { ... };
		759	};
		760
		761	=item limit $grp $num
		762
		763	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever
		764	the group contains less than this many requests.
		765
		766	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.
		767
		768	=back
		769
196	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS	770	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
197		771
198	=over 4	772	=over 4
199		773
200	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno	774	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
201		775
202	Return the I<request result pipe filehandle>. This filehandle must be	776	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be
203	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event	777	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event or
204	or select, see below). If the pipe becomes readable you have to call	778	select, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable you have
205	C<poll_cb> to check the results.	779	to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.
206		780
207	See C<poll_cb> for an example.	781	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
208		782
209	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb	783	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
210		784
211	Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this	785	Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
212	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately	786	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately
213	when no events are outstanding.	787	when no events are outstanding.
214		788
215	You can use Event to multiplex, e.g.:	789	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
		790	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:
216		791
217	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	792	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
218	poll => 'r', async => 1,	793	poll => 'r', async => 1,
219	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	794	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
220		795
221	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait	796	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
222		797
223	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a	798	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a
224	select on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait	799	C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait
225	for some requests to finish).	800	for some requests to finish).
226		801
227	See C<nreqs> for an example.	802	See C<nreqs> for an example.
228		803
229	=item IO::AIO::nreqs	804	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
230		805
231	Returns the number of requests currently outstanding.	806	Returns the number of requests currently outstanding (i.e. for which their
		807	callback has not been invoked yet).
232		808
233	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:	809	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:
234		810
235	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb	811	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
236	while IO::AIO::nreqs;	812	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
…		…
253	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb	829	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
254	if IO::AIO::nreqs;	830	if IO::AIO::nreqs;
255		831
256	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads	832	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
257		833
258	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The default is	834	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current
259	C<1>, which means a single asynchronous operation can be done at one time	835	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute
260	(the number of outstanding operations, however, is unlimited).	836	concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests,
		837	however, is unlimited).
261		838
		839	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and
		840	no free thread exists.
		841
262	It is recommended to keep the number of threads low, as some Linux	842	It is recommended to keep the number of threads relatively low, as some
263	kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads (higher	843	Linux kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads
264	parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6 versions, 4-32	844	(higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6
265	threads should be fine.	845	versions, 4-32 threads should be fine.
266		846
267	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function, as this	847	Under most circumstances you don't need to call this function, as the
268	module automatically starts some threads (the exact number might change,	848	module selects a default that is suitable for low to moderate load.
269	and is currently 4).
270		849
271	=item IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads	850	=item IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
272		851
273	Sets the maximum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. If more than	852	Sets the maximum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. If more than the
274	the specified number of threads are currently running, kill them. This	853	specified number of threads are currently running, this function kills
275	function blocks until the limit is reached.	854	them. This function blocks until the limit is reached.
		855
		856	While C<$nthreads> are zero, aio requests get queued but not executed
		857	until the number of threads has been increased again.
276		858
277	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure	859	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure
278	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.	860	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.
279		861
280	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	862	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
281		863
282	=item $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs	864	=item $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs
		865
		866	[DEPRECATED]
283		867
284	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you	868	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you
285	try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will block until	869	try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will block until
286	some requests have been handled.	870	some requests have been handled.
287		871
288	The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. If you	872	The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. If you
289	queue up many requests in a loop it it often improves speed if you set	873	queue up many requests in a loop it often improves speed if you set
290	this to a relatively low number, such as C<100>.	874	this to a relatively low number, such as C<100>.
		875
		876	This function does not work well together with C<aio_group>'s, and their
		877	feeder interface is better suited to limiting concurrency, so do not use
		878	this function.
291		879
292	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	880	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
293		881
294	=back	882	=back
295		883
…		…
297		885
298	# support function to convert a fd into a perl filehandle	886	# support function to convert a fd into a perl filehandle
299	sub _fd2fh {	887	sub _fd2fh {
300	return undef if $_[0] < 0;	888	return undef if $_[0] < 0;
301		889
302	# try to be perl5.6-compatible	890	# try to generate nice filehandles
303	local *AIO_FH;	891	my $sym = "IO::AIO::fd#$_[0]";
304	open AIO_FH, "+<&=$_[0]"	892	local *$sym;
		893
		894	open *$sym, "+<&=$_[0]" # usually works under any unix
		895	or open *$sym, "<&=$_[0]" # cygwin needs this
		896	or open *$sym, ">&=$_[0]" # or this
305	or return undef;	897	or return undef;
306		898
307	*AIO_FH	899	*$sym
308	}	900	}
309		901
310	min_parallel 4;	902	min_parallel 8;
311		903
312	END {	904	END {
313	max_parallel 0;	905	max_parallel 0;
314	}	906	}
315		907
316	1;	908	1;
317		909
		910	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR
		911
		912	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:
		913
		914	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests
		915	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After
		916	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues
		917	request/result processing, while the child frees the request/result queue
		918	(so that the requests started before the fork will only be handled in the
		919	parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit set in the
		920	parent process has been reached again.
		921
		922	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had
		923	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used
		924	yet.
		925
		926	=head2 MEMORY USAGE
		927
		928	Per-request usage:
		929
		930	Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 100-200
		931	bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly
		932	a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl
		933	scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and
		934	will consume memory till the request has entered the done state.
		935
		936	This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a
		937	problem.
		938
		939	Per-thread usage:
		940
		941	In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for
		942	temporary buffers, and each thread requires a stack and other data
		943	structures (usually around 16k-128k, depending on the OS).
		944
		945	=head1 KNOWN BUGS
		946
		947	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.
		948
318	=head1 SEE ALSO	949	=head1 SEE ALSO
319		950
320	L<Coro>, L<Linux::AIO>.	951	L<Coro::AIO>.
321		952
322	=head1 AUTHOR	953	=head1 AUTHOR
323		954
324	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	955	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
325	http://home.schmorp.de/	956	http://home.schmorp.de/

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Revision 1.74 by root, Tue Oct 24 17:22:17 2006 UTC