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Revision 1.122 by root, Sat Apr 26 12:00:23 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.171 by root, Sat Jan 2 14:24:32 2010 UTC

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26 $req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue 26 $req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue
27 27
28 my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" }; 28 my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };
29 add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...; 29 add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;
30 30
31 # AnyEvent integration (EV, Event, Glib, Tk, urxvt, pureperl...) 31 # AnyEvent integration (EV, Event, Glib, Tk, POE, urxvt, pureperl...)
32 open my $fh, "<&=" . IO::AIO::poll_fileno or die "$!"; 32 use AnyEvent::AIO;
33 my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => 'r', cb => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb });
34 33
35 # EV integration 34 # EV integration
36 my $w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb; 35 my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
37 36
38 # Event integration 37 # Event integration
39 Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, 38 Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
40 poll => 'r', 39 poll => 'r',
41 cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); 40 cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
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53 \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); 52 \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
54 53
55=head1 DESCRIPTION 54=head1 DESCRIPTION
56 55
57This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your 56This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
58operating system supports. 57operating system supports. It is implemented as an interface to C<libeio>
58(L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libeio.html>).
59 59
60Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program 60Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program
61(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation 61(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation
62will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This 62will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This
63is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even 63is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even
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67on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations 67on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations
68concurrently. 68concurrently.
69 69
70While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for 70While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for
71example sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that 71example sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that
72support nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is very 72support nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is
73inefficient. Use an event loop for that (such as the L<Event|Event> 73very inefficient. Use an event loop for that (such as the L<EV>
74module): IO::AIO will naturally fit into such an event loop itself. 74module): IO::AIO will naturally fit into such an event loop itself.
75 75
76In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your 76In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your
77requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support 77requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support
78in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible 78in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible
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88yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never 88yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never
89call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively. 89call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
90 90
91=head2 EXAMPLE 91=head2 EXAMPLE
92 92
93This is a simple example that uses the Event module and loads 93This is a simple example that uses the EV module and loads
94F</etc/passwd> asynchronously: 94F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:
95 95
96 use Fcntl; 96 use Fcntl;
97 use Event; 97 use EV;
98 use IO::AIO; 98 use IO::AIO;
99 99
100 # register the IO::AIO callback with Event 100 # register the IO::AIO callback with EV
101 Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, 101 my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
102 poll => 'r',
103 cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
104 102
105 # queue the request to open /etc/passwd 103 # queue the request to open /etc/passwd
106 aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { 104 aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
107 my $fh = shift 105 my $fh = shift
108 or die "error while opening: $!"; 106 or die "error while opening: $!";
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120 118
121 # file contents now in $contents 119 # file contents now in $contents
122 print $contents; 120 print $contents;
123 121
124 # exit event loop and program 122 # exit event loop and program
125 Event::unloop; 123 EV::unloop;
126 }; 124 };
127 }; 125 };
128 126
129 # possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows, 127 # possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,
130 # check for sockets etc. etc. 128 # check for sockets etc. etc.
131 129
132 # process events as long as there are some: 130 # process events as long as there are some:
133 Event::loop; 131 EV::loop;
134 132
135=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME 133=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME
136 134
137Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not 135Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not
138directly visible to Perl. 136directly visible to Perl.
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188 186
189package IO::AIO; 187package IO::AIO;
190 188
191use Carp (); 189use Carp ();
192 190
193no warnings; 191use common::sense;
194use strict 'vars';
195 192
196use base 'Exporter'; 193use base 'Exporter';
197 194
198BEGIN { 195BEGIN {
199 our $VERSION = '2.62'; 196 our $VERSION = '3.4';
200 197
201 our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close 198 our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close
202 aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir 199 aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_readdirx
203 aio_scandir aio_symlink aio_readlink aio_sync aio_fsync 200 aio_scandir aio_symlink aio_readlink aio_sync aio_fsync
204 aio_fdatasync aio_pathsync aio_readahead 201 aio_fdatasync aio_sync_file_range aio_pathsync aio_readahead
205 aio_rename aio_link aio_move aio_copy aio_group 202 aio_rename aio_link aio_move aio_copy aio_group
206 aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir aio_chown 203 aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir aio_chown
207 aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate); 204 aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate
205 aio_msync aio_mtouch);
208 206
209 our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice aio_block)); 207 our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice));
210 our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush 208 our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
211 min_parallel max_parallel max_idle 209 min_parallel max_parallel max_idle
212 nreqs nready npending nthreads 210 nreqs nready npending nthreads
213 max_poll_time max_poll_reqs); 211 max_poll_time max_poll_reqs
212 sendfile fadvise);
213
214 push @AIO_REQ, qw(aio_busy); # not exported
214 215
215 @IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ'; 216 @IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
216 217
217 require XSLoader; 218 require XSLoader;
218 XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION); 219 XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
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225All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall 226All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
226with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical, 227with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
227and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument 228and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
228which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with 229which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
229the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike 230the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike
230perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given 231perl, which usually delivers "false") as its sole argument after the given
231syscall has been executed asynchronously. 232syscall has been executed asynchronously.
232 233
233All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle 234All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
234internally until the request has finished. 235internally until the request has finished.
235 236
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249your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user 250your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
250environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e) 251environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
251use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents. 252use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.
252 253
253This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO 254This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO
254handles correctly wether it is set or not. 255handles correctly whether it is set or not.
255 256
256=over 4 257=over 4
257 258
258=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri] 259=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
259 260
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337 338
338=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval) 339=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
339 340
340=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval) 341=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
341 342
342Reads or writes C<$length> bytes from the specified C<$fh> and C<$offset> 343Reads or writes C<$length> bytes from or to the specified C<$fh> and
343into the scalar given by C<$data> and offset C<$dataoffset> and calls the 344C<$offset> into the scalar given by C<$data> and offset C<$dataoffset>
344callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just 345and calls the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on
345like the syscall). 346error, just like the syscall).
347
348C<aio_read> will, like C<sysread>, shrink or grow the C<$data> scalar to
349offset plus the actual number of bytes read.
346 350
347If C<$offset> is undefined, then the current file descriptor offset will 351If C<$offset> is undefined, then the current file descriptor offset will
348be used (and updated), otherwise the file descriptor offset will not be 352be used (and updated), otherwise the file descriptor offset will not be
349changed by these calls. 353changed by these calls.
350 354
351If C<$length> is undefined in C<aio_write>, use the remaining length of C<$data>. 355If C<$length> is undefined in C<aio_write>, use the remaining length of
356C<$data>.
352 357
353If C<$dataoffset> is less than zero, it will be counted from the end of 358If C<$dataoffset> is less than zero, it will be counted from the end of
354C<$data>. 359C<$data>.
355 360
356The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request 361The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request
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376 381
377This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide 382This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide
378zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a 383zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a
379socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to mmap'able file. 384socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to mmap'able file.
380 385
381If the native sendfile call fails or is not implemented, it will be 386If a native sendfile cannot be found or it fails with C<ENOSYS>,
387C<ENOTSUP>, C<EOPNOTSUPP>, C<EAFNOSUPPORT>, C<EPROTOTYPE> or C<ENOTSOCK>,
382emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of filehandle 388it will be emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of
383regardless of the limitations of the operating system. 389filehandle regardless of the limitations of the operating system.
384 390
385Please note, however, that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from 391Please note, however, that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from
386C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many 392C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many
387bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only 393bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only
388provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result 394provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result
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528 534
529Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire 535Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire
530directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be 536directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be
531sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries. 537sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
532 538
533The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref 539The callback is passed a single argument which is either C<undef> or an
534with the filenames. 540array-ref with the filenames.
541
542
543=item aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
544
545Quite similar to C<aio_readdir>, but the C<$flags> argument allows to tune
546behaviour and output format. In case of an error, C<$entries> will be
547C<undef>.
548
549The flags are a combination of the following constants, ORed together (the
550flags will also be passed to the callback, possibly modified):
551
552=over 4
553
554=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS
555
556When this flag is off, then the callback gets an arrayref with of names
557only (as with C<aio_readdir>), otherwise it gets an arrayref with
558C<[$name, $type, $inode]> arrayrefs, each describing a single directory
559entry in more detail.
560
561C<$name> is the name of the entry.
562
563C<$type> is one of the C<IO::AIO::DT_xxx> constants:
564
565C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>, C<IO::AIO::DT_FIFO>, C<IO::AIO::DT_CHR>, C<IO::AIO::DT_DIR>,
566C<IO::AIO::DT_BLK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_REG>, C<IO::AIO::DT_LNK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_SOCK>,
567C<IO::AIO::DT_WHT>.
568
569C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN> means just that: readdir does not know. If you need to
570know, you have to run stat yourself. Also, for speed reasons, the C<$type>
571scalars are read-only: you can not modify them.
572
573C<$inode> is the inode number (which might not be exact on systems with 64
574bit inode numbers and 32 bit perls). This field has unspecified content on
575systems that do not deliver the inode information.
576
577=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
578
579When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order where
580likely directories come first. This is useful when you need to quickly
581find directories, or you want to find all directories while avoiding to
582stat() each entry.
583
584If the system returns type information in readdir, then this is used
585to find directories directly. Otherwise, likely directories are files
586beginning with ".", or otherwise files with no dots, of which files with
587short names are tried first.
588
589=item IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER
590
591When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order
592suitable for stat()'ing each one. That is, when you plan to stat()
593all files in the given directory, then the returned order will likely
594be fastest.
595
596If both this flag and C<IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST> are specified, then
597the likely dirs come first, resulting in a less optimal stat order.
598
599=item IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
600
601This flag should not be set when calling C<aio_readdirx>. Instead, it
602is being set by C<aio_readdirx>, when any of the C<$type>'s found were
603C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>. The absense of this flag therefore indicates that all
604C<$type>'s are known, which can be used to speed up some algorithms.
605
606=back
535 607
536 608
537=item aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status) 609=item aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)
538 610
539This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into 611This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into
540memory. Status is the same as with aio_read. 612memory. Status is the same as with aio_read.
541 613
542=cut 614=cut
543 615
544sub aio_load($$;$) { 616sub aio_load($$;$) {
545 aio_block {
546 my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_; 617 my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_;
547 my $data = \$_[1]; 618 my $data = \$_[1];
548 619
549 my $pri = aioreq_pri; 620 my $pri = aioreq_pri;
550 my $grp = aio_group $cb; 621 my $grp = aio_group $cb;
622
623 aioreq_pri $pri;
624 add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
625 my $fh = shift
626 or return $grp->result (-1);
551 627
552 aioreq_pri $pri; 628 aioreq_pri $pri;
553 add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
554 my $fh = shift
555 or return $grp->result (-1);
556
557 aioreq_pri $pri;
558 add $grp aio_read $fh, 0, (-s $fh), $$data, 0, sub { 629 add $grp aio_read $fh, 0, (-s $fh), $$data, 0, sub {
559 $grp->result ($_[0]); 630 $grp->result ($_[0]);
560 };
561 }; 631 };
562
563 $grp
564 } 632 };
633
634 $grp
565} 635}
566 636
567=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 637=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
568 638
569Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or 639Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
570destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with 640destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
571the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok. 641a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>).
572 642
573This is a composite request that it creates the destination file with 643This is a composite request that creates the destination file with
574mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using 644mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using
575C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and 645C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and
576uid/gid, in that order. 646uid/gid, in that order.
577 647
578If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if 648If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
… …
580errors are being ignored. 650errors are being ignored.
581 651
582=cut 652=cut
583 653
584sub aio_copy($$;$) { 654sub aio_copy($$;$) {
585 aio_block {
586 my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_; 655 my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
587 656
588 my $pri = aioreq_pri; 657 my $pri = aioreq_pri;
589 my $grp = aio_group $cb; 658 my $grp = aio_group $cb;
590 659
591 aioreq_pri $pri; 660 aioreq_pri $pri;
592 add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub { 661 add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
593 if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) { 662 if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
594 my @stat = stat $src_fh; 663 my @stat = stat $src_fh; # hmm, might block over nfs?
595 664
596 aioreq_pri $pri; 665 aioreq_pri $pri;
597 add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0200, sub { 666 add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {
598 if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) { 667 if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
599 aioreq_pri $pri; 668 aioreq_pri $pri;
600 add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub { 669 add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
601 if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) { 670 if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
602 $grp->result (0); 671 $grp->result (0);
603 close $src_fh; 672 close $src_fh;
604 673
605 # those should not normally block. should. should. 674 my $ch = sub {
606 utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
607 chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
608 chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
609
610 aioreq_pri $pri; 675 aioreq_pri $pri;
676 add $grp aio_chmod $dst_fh, $stat[2] & 07777, sub {
677 aioreq_pri $pri;
678 add $grp aio_chown $dst_fh, $stat[4], $stat[5], sub {
679 aioreq_pri $pri;
611 add $grp aio_close $dst_fh; 680 add $grp aio_close $dst_fh;
612 } else { 681 }
613 $grp->result (-1);
614 close $src_fh;
615 close $dst_fh;
616
617 aioreq $pri; 682 };
618 add $grp aio_unlink $dst;
619 } 683 };
684
685 aioreq_pri $pri;
686 add $grp aio_utime $dst_fh, $stat[8], $stat[9], sub {
687 if ($_[0] < 0 && $! == ENOSYS) {
688 aioreq_pri $pri;
689 add $grp aio_utime $dst, $stat[8], $stat[9], $ch;
690 } else {
691 $ch->();
692 }
693 };
694 } else {
695 $grp->result (-1);
696 close $src_fh;
697 close $dst_fh;
698
699 aioreq $pri;
700 add $grp aio_unlink $dst;
620 }; 701 }
621 } else {
622 $grp->result (-1);
623 } 702 };
703 } else {
704 $grp->result (-1);
624 }, 705 }
625
626 } else {
627 $grp->result (-1);
628 } 706 },
707
708 } else {
709 $grp->result (-1);
629 }; 710 }
630
631 $grp
632 } 711 };
712
713 $grp
633} 714}
634 715
635=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 716=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
636 717
637Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or 718Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
638destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with 719destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
639the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok. 720a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>).
640 721
641This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If 722This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first; if
642rename files with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if 723rename fails with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if
643that is successful, unlinking the C<$srcpath>. 724that is successful, unlinks the C<$srcpath>.
644 725
645=cut 726=cut
646 727
647sub aio_move($$;$) { 728sub aio_move($$;$) {
648 aio_block {
649 my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_; 729 my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
650 730
651 my $pri = aioreq_pri; 731 my $pri = aioreq_pri;
652 my $grp = aio_group $cb; 732 my $grp = aio_group $cb;
653 733
654 aioreq_pri $pri; 734 aioreq_pri $pri;
655 add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub { 735 add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
656 if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) { 736 if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
657 aioreq_pri $pri; 737 aioreq_pri $pri;
658 add $grp aio_copy $src, $dst, sub { 738 add $grp aio_copy $src, $dst, sub {
659 $grp->result ($_[0]);
660
661 if (!$_[0]) {
662 aioreq_pri $pri;
663 add $grp aio_unlink $src;
664 }
665 };
666 } else {
667 $grp->result ($_[0]); 739 $grp->result ($_[0]);
740
741 if (!$_[0]) {
742 aioreq_pri $pri;
743 add $grp aio_unlink $src;
744 }
668 } 745 };
746 } else {
747 $grp->result ($_[0]);
669 }; 748 }
670
671 $grp
672 } 749 };
750
751 $grp
673} 752}
674 753
675=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs) 754=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
676 755
677Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to 756Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
… …
697 776
698Implementation notes. 777Implementation notes.
699 778
700The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can. 779The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.
701 780
781If readdir returns file type information, then this is used directly to
782find directories.
783
702After reading the directory, the modification time, size etc. of the 784Otherwise, after reading the directory, the modification time, size etc.
703directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they match (and 785of the directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they
704isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide how many 786match (and isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide
705entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the number 787how many entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the
706of subdirectories will be assumed. 788number of subdirectories will be assumed.
707 789
708Then entries will be sorted into likely directories (everything without 790Then entries will be sorted into likely directories a non-initial dot
709a non-initial dot currently) and likely non-directories (everything 791currently) and likely non-directories (see C<aio_readdirx>). Then every
710else). Then every entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed, 792entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed, likely directories first,
711likely directories first. If that succeeds, it assumes that the entry 793in order of their inode numbers. If that succeeds, it assumes that the
712is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked 794entry is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked
713seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because 795seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because
714filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode 796filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode
715data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature). 797data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature), even on systems that cannot return
798the filetype information on readdir.
716 799
717If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the 800If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the
718rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories. 801rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.
719 802
720This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which 803This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which
… …
725directory counting heuristic. 808directory counting heuristic.
726 809
727=cut 810=cut
728 811
729sub aio_scandir($$;$) { 812sub aio_scandir($$;$) {
730 aio_block {
731 my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_; 813 my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
732 814
733 my $pri = aioreq_pri; 815 my $pri = aioreq_pri;
734 816
735 my $grp = aio_group $cb; 817 my $grp = aio_group $cb;
736 818
737 $maxreq = 4 if $maxreq <= 0; 819 $maxreq = 4 if $maxreq <= 0;
738 820
739 # stat once 821 # stat once
822 aioreq_pri $pri;
823 add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
824 return $grp->result () if $_[0];
825 my $now = time;
826 my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
827
828 # read the directory entries
740 aioreq_pri $pri; 829 aioreq_pri $pri;
741 add $grp aio_stat $path, sub { 830 add $grp aio_readdirx $path, READDIR_DIRS_FIRST, sub {
831 my $entries = shift
742 return $grp->result () if $_[0]; 832 or return $grp->result ();
743 my $now = time;
744 my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
745 833
746 # read the directory entries 834 # stat the dir another time
747 aioreq_pri $pri; 835 aioreq_pri $pri;
748 add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {
749 my $entries = shift
750 or return $grp->result ();
751
752 # stat the dir another time
753 aioreq_pri $pri;
754 add $grp aio_stat $path, sub { 836 add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
755 my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9]; 837 my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
756 838
757 my $ndirs; 839 my $ndirs;
758 840
759 # take the slow route if anything looks fishy 841 # take the slow route if anything looks fishy
760 if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) { 842 if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {
761 $ndirs = -1; 843 $ndirs = -1;
762 } else { 844 } else {
763 # if nlink == 2, we are finished 845 # if nlink == 2, we are finished
764 # on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2 846 # for non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2
765 $ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2 847 $ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2
766 or return $grp->result ([], $entries); 848 or return $grp->result ([], $entries);
767 } 849 }
768 850
769 # sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs
770 # dirs == files without ".", short entries first
771 $entries = [map $_->[0],
772 sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }
773 map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
774 @$entries];
775
776 my (@dirs, @nondirs); 851 my (@dirs, @nondirs);
777 852
778 my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub { 853 my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {
779 $grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs); 854 $grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
780 }; 855 };
781 856
782 limit $statgrp $maxreq; 857 limit $statgrp $maxreq;
783 feed $statgrp sub { 858 feed $statgrp sub {
784 return unless @$entries; 859 return unless @$entries;
785 my $entry = pop @$entries; 860 my $entry = shift @$entries;
786 861
787 aioreq_pri $pri; 862 aioreq_pri $pri;
788 add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub { 863 add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {
789 if ($_[0] < 0) { 864 if ($_[0] < 0) {
790 push @nondirs, $entry; 865 push @nondirs, $entry;
791 } else { 866 } else {
792 # need to check for real directory 867 # need to check for real directory
793 aioreq_pri $pri; 868 aioreq_pri $pri;
794 add $statgrp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub { 869 add $statgrp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
795 if (-d _) { 870 if (-d _) {
796 push @dirs, $entry; 871 push @dirs, $entry;
797 872
798 unless (--$ndirs) { 873 unless (--$ndirs) {
799 push @nondirs, @$entries; 874 push @nondirs, @$entries;
800 feed $statgrp; 875 feed $statgrp;
801 }
802 } else {
803 push @nondirs, $entry;
804 } 876 }
877 } else {
878 push @nondirs, $entry;
805 } 879 }
806 } 880 }
807 }; 881 }
808 }; 882 };
809 }; 883 };
810 }; 884 };
811 }; 885 };
812
813 $grp
814 } 886 };
887
888 $grp
815} 889}
816 890
817=item aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status) 891=item aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)
818 892
819Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the 893Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the
… …
823 897
824=cut 898=cut
825 899
826sub aio_rmtree; 900sub aio_rmtree;
827sub aio_rmtree($;$) { 901sub aio_rmtree($;$) {
828 aio_block {
829 my ($path, $cb) = @_; 902 my ($path, $cb) = @_;
830 903
831 my $pri = aioreq_pri; 904 my $pri = aioreq_pri;
832 my $grp = aio_group $cb; 905 my $grp = aio_group $cb;
833 906
834 aioreq_pri $pri; 907 aioreq_pri $pri;
835 add $grp aio_scandir $path, 0, sub { 908 add $grp aio_scandir $path, 0, sub {
836 my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_; 909 my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;
837 910
838 my $dirgrp = aio_group sub { 911 my $dirgrp = aio_group sub {
839 add $grp aio_rmdir $path, sub { 912 add $grp aio_rmdir $path, sub {
840 $grp->result ($_[0]); 913 $grp->result ($_[0]);
841 };
842 }; 914 };
843
844 (aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_rmtree "$path/$_" for @$dirs;
845 (aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_unlink "$path/$_" for @$nondirs;
846
847 add $grp $dirgrp;
848 }; 915 };
849 916
850 $grp 917 (aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_rmtree "$path/$_" for @$dirs;
918 (aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_unlink "$path/$_" for @$nondirs;
919
920 add $grp $dirgrp;
851 } 921 };
922
923 $grp
852} 924}
853 925
854=item aio_sync $callback->($status) 926=item aio_sync $callback->($status)
855 927
856Asynchronously call sync and call the callback when finished. 928Asynchronously call sync and call the callback when finished.
… …
866callback with the fdatasync result code. 938callback with the fdatasync result code.
867 939
868If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be 940If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
869detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead. 941detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
870 942
943=item aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
944
945Sync the data portion of the file specified by C<$offset> and C<$length>
946to disk (but NOT the metadata), by calling the Linux-specific
947sync_file_range call. If sync_file_range is not available or it returns
948ENOSYS, then fdatasync or fsync is being substituted.
949
950C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE>,
951C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE> and
952C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER>: refer to the sync_file_range
953manpage for details.
954
871=item aio_pathsync $path, $callback->($status) 955=item aio_pathsync $path, $callback->($status)
872 956
873This request tries to open, fsync and close the given path. This is a 957This request tries to open, fsync and close the given path. This is a
874composite request intended tosync directories after directory operations 958composite request intended to sync directories after directory operations
875(E.g. rename). This might not work on all operating systems or have any 959(E.g. rename). This might not work on all operating systems or have any
876specific effect, but usually it makes sure that directory changes get 960specific effect, but usually it makes sure that directory changes get
877written to disc. It works for anything that can be opened for read-only, 961written to disc. It works for anything that can be opened for read-only,
878not just directories. 962not just directories.
879 963
964Future versions of this function might fall back to other methods when
965C<fsync> on the directory fails (such as calling C<sync>).
966
880Passes C<0> when everything went ok, and C<-1> on error. 967Passes C<0> when everything went ok, and C<-1> on error.
881 968
882=cut 969=cut
883 970
884sub aio_pathsync($;$) { 971sub aio_pathsync($;$) {
885 aio_block {
886 my ($path, $cb) = @_; 972 my ($path, $cb) = @_;
887 973
888 my $pri = aioreq_pri; 974 my $pri = aioreq_pri;
889 my $grp = aio_group $cb; 975 my $grp = aio_group $cb;
890 976
891 aioreq_pri $pri; 977 aioreq_pri $pri;
892 add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub { 978 add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
893 my ($fh) = @_; 979 my ($fh) = @_;
894 if ($fh) { 980 if ($fh) {
981 aioreq_pri $pri;
982 add $grp aio_fsync $fh, sub {
983 $grp->result ($_[0]);
984
895 aioreq_pri $pri; 985 aioreq_pri $pri;
896 add $grp aio_fsync $fh, sub {
897 $grp->result ($_[0]);
898
899 aioreq_pri $pri;
900 add $grp aio_close $fh; 986 add $grp aio_close $fh;
901 };
902 } else {
903 $grp->result (-1);
904 } 987 };
988 } else {
989 $grp->result (-1);
905 }; 990 }
906
907 $grp
908 } 991 };
992
993 $grp
909} 994}
995
996=item aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
997
998This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which only works on mmap(2)ed
999scalars (see the L<Sys::Mmap> or L<Mmap> modules for details on this, note
1000that the scalar must only be modified in-place while an aio operation is
1001pending on it).
1002
1003It calls the C<msync> function of your OS, if available, with the memory
1004area starting at C<$offset> in the string and ending C<$length> bytes
1005later. If C<$length> is negative, counts from the end, and if C<$length>
1006is C<undef>, then it goes till the end of the string. The flags can be
1007a combination of C<IO::AIO::MS_ASYNC>, C<IO::AIO::MS_INVALIDATE> and
1008C<IO::AIO::MS_SYNC>.
1009
1010=item aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
1011
1012This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed
1013scalars.
1014
1015It touches (reads or writes) all memory pages in the specified
1016range inside the scalar. All caveats and parameters are the same
1017as for C<aio_msync>, above, except for flags, which must be either
1018C<0> (which reads all pages and ensures they are instantiated) or
1019C<IO::AIO::MT_MODIFY>, which modifies the memory page s(by reading and
1020writing an octet from it, which dirties the page).
910 1021
911=item aio_group $callback->(...) 1022=item aio_group $callback->(...)
912 1023
913This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a 1024This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
914container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle 1025container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
… …
964=item cancel $req 1075=item cancel $req
965 1076
966Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution 1077Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution
967when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when 1078when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when
968entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise 1079entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise
969untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be 1080untouched (with the exception of readdir). That means that requests that
970stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely. 1081currently execute will not be stopped and resources held by the request
1082will not be freed prematurely.
971 1083
972=item cb $req $callback->(...) 1084=item cb $req $callback->(...)
973 1085
974Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request. 1086Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.
975 1087
… …
1026Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they 1138Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
1027will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the 1139will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
1028C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to 1140C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
1029exist. 1141exist.
1030 1142
1031That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests. And 1143That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests
1032in the callbacks of those requests, you can add further requests to the 1144(precisely before the callback has been invoked, which is only done within
1033group. And only when all those requests have finished will the the group 1145the C<poll_cb>). And in the callbacks of those requests, you can add
1034itself finish. 1146further requests to the group. And only when all those requests have
1147finished will the the group itself finish.
1035 1148
1036=over 4 1149=over 4
1037 1150
1038=item add $grp ... 1151=item add $grp ...
1039 1152
… …
1047 1160
1048=item $grp->cancel_subs 1161=item $grp->cancel_subs
1049 1162
1050Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request 1163Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request
1051itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early. 1164itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.
1165
1166The group request will finish normally (you cannot add requests to the
1167group).
1052 1168
1053=item $grp->result (...) 1169=item $grp->result (...)
1054 1170
1055Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all 1171Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
1056subrequests have finished and set the groups errno to the current value 1172subrequests have finished and set the groups errno to the current value
… …
1072=item feed $grp $callback->($grp) 1188=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
1073 1189
1074Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached 1190Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
1075generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that, 1191generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
1076although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group, 1192although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
1077this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For 1193this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For example,
1078example, C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat> 1194C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat> requests,
1079requests, delaying any later requests for a long time. 1195delaying any later requests for a long time.
1080 1196
1081To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can 1197To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can
1082instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The 1198instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The
1083feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>, 1199feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,
1084below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more 1200below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more
… …
1088not impose any limits). 1204not impose any limits).
1089 1205
1090If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be 1206If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be
1091automatically removed from the group. 1207automatically removed from the group.
1092 1208
1093If the feed limit is C<0>, it will be set to C<2> automatically. 1209If the feed limit is C<0> when this method is called, it will be set to
1210C<2> automatically.
1094 1211
1095Example: 1212Example:
1096 1213
1097 # stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently: 1214 # stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:
1098 1215
… …
1110Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever 1227Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever
1111the group contains less than this many requests. 1228the group contains less than this many requests.
1112 1229
1113Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process. 1230Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.
1114 1231
1232The default value for the limit is C<0>, but note that setting a feeder
1233automatically bumps it up to C<2>.
1234
1115=back 1235=back
1116 1236
1117=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS 1237=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
1118 1238
1119=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION 1239=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
… …
1121=over 4 1241=over 4
1122 1242
1123=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno 1243=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
1124 1244
1125Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be 1245Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be
1126polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event or 1246polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. EV, Glib,
1127select, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable you have 1247select and so on, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable
1128to call C<poll_cb> to check the results. 1248you have to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.
1129 1249
1130See C<poll_cb> for an example. 1250See C<poll_cb> for an example.
1131 1251
1132=item IO::AIO::poll_cb 1252=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
1133 1253
1134Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this 1254Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
1135regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately 1255regularly. Returns C<0> if all events could be processed, or C<-1> if it
1256returned earlier for whatever reason. Returns immediately when no events
1136when no events are outstanding. The amount of events processed depends on 1257are outstanding. The amount of events processed depends on the settings of
1137the settings of C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>. 1258C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.
1138 1259
1139If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle 1260If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle
1140will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns. 1261will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns, so normally you don't have to
1262do anything special to have it called later.
1141 1263
1142Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls 1264Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
1143IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority: 1265IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority (more examples can be found in the
1266SYNOPSIS section, at the top of this document):
1144 1267
1145 Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, 1268 Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
1146 poll => 'r', async => 1, 1269 poll => 'r', async => 1,
1147 cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); 1270 cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
1148 1271
… …
1259 1382
1260The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread 1383The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread
1261creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might 1384creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might
1262want to use larger values. 1385want to use larger values.
1263 1386
1264=item $oldmaxreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs 1387=item IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
1265 1388
1266This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it 1389This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it
1267blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better 1390blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better
1268use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback. 1391use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.
1269 1392
… …
1274 1397
1275The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the 1398The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the
1276number of outstanding requests. 1399number of outstanding requests.
1277 1400
1278You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore, 1401You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore,
1279C<max_oustsanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or 1402C<max_outstanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or
1280as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values). 1403as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values).
1281 1404
1282=back 1405=back
1283 1406
1284=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION 1407=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION
… …
1302 1425
1303=item IO::AIO::npending 1426=item IO::AIO::npending
1304 1427
1305Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed, 1428Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,
1306but not yet processed by poll_cb). 1429but not yet processed by poll_cb).
1430
1431=back
1432
1433=head3 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
1434
1435IO::AIO implements some functions that might be useful, but are not
1436asynchronous.
1437
1438=over 4
1439
1440=item IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
1441
1442Calls the C<eio_sendfile_sync> function, which is like C<aio_sendfile>,
1443but is blocking (this makes most sense if you know the input data is
1444likely cached already and the output filehandle is set to non-blocking
1445operations).
1446
1447Returns the number of bytes copied, or C<-1> on error.
1448
1449=item IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
1450
1451Simply calls the C<posix_fadvise> function (see it's
1452manpage for details). The following advice constants are
1453avaiable: C<IO::AIO::FADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_SEQUENTIAL>,
1454C<IO::AIO::FADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_NOREUSE>,
1455C<IO::AIO::FADV_WILLNEED>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_DONTNEED>.
1456
1457On systems that do not implement C<posix_fadvise>, this function returns
1458ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_fadvise>.
1307 1459
1308=back 1460=back
1309 1461
1310=cut 1462=cut
1311 1463
… …
1354 1506
1355Known bugs will be fixed in the next release. 1507Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.
1356 1508
1357=head1 SEE ALSO 1509=head1 SEE ALSO
1358 1510
1359L<Coro::AIO>. 1511L<AnyEvent::AIO> for easy integration into event loops, L<Coro::AIO> for a
1512more natural syntax.
1360 1513
1361=head1 AUTHOR 1514=head1 AUTHOR
1362 1515
1363 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> 1516 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
1364 http://home.schmorp.de/ 1517 http://home.schmorp.de/

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