[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/IO-AIO/AIO.pm

Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.90 by root, Mon Oct 30 23:30:00 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.176 by root, Sun Jan 10 23:05:11 2010 UTC

…		…
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use IO::AIO;	7	use IO::AIO;
8		8
9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
10	my ($fh) = @_;	10	my $fh = shift
		11	or die "/etc/passwd: $!";
11	...	12	...
12	};	13	};
13		14
14	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };	15	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
15		16
…		…
25	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue	26	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue
26		27
27	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };	28	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };
28	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;	29	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;
29		30
30	# AnyEvent integration
31	open my $fh, "<&=" . IO::AIO::poll_fileno or die "$!";
32	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => 'r', cb => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb });
33
34	# Event integration
35	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
36	poll => 'r',
37	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
38
39	# Glib/Gtk2 integration
40	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
41	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
42
43	# Tk integration
44	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
45	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
46
47	# Danga::Socket integration
48	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
49	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
50
51	=head1 DESCRIPTION	31	=head1 DESCRIPTION
52		32
53	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your	33	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
54	operating system supports.	34	operating system supports. It is implemented as an interface to C<libeio>
		35	(L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libeio.html>).
55		36
56	Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program	37	Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program
57	(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation	38	(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation
58	will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This	39	will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This
59	is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even	40	is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even
…		…
61	etc.), but can also be used to easily do operations in parallel that are	42	etc.), but can also be used to easily do operations in parallel that are
62	normally done sequentially, e.g. stat'ing many files, which is much faster	43	normally done sequentially, e.g. stat'ing many files, which is much faster
63	on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations	44	on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations
64	concurrently.	45	concurrently.
65		46
66	While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for example	47	While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for
67	sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that support	48	example sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that
68	nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is very inefficient or	49	support nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is
69	might not work (aio_read fails on sockets/pipes/fifos). Use an event loop	50	very inefficient. Use an event loop for that (such as the L<EV>
70	for that (such as the L<Event\|Event> module): IO::AIO will naturally fit	51	module): IO::AIO will naturally fit into such an event loop itself.
71	into such an event loop itself.
72		52
73	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your	53	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your
74	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support	54	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support
75	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible	55	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible
76	to perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio	56	to perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio
…		…
78	not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal	58	not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal
79	files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and	59	files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and
80	aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented	60	aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented
81	using threads anyway.	61	using threads anyway.
82		62
83	Although the module will work with in the presence of other (Perl-)	63	Although the module will work in the presence of other (Perl-) threads,
84	threads, it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate	64	it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate locking
85	locking yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or	65	yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never
86	never call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.	66	call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
87		67
88	=head2 EXAMPLE	68	=head2 EXAMPLE
89		69
90	This is a simple example that uses the Event module and loads	70	This is a simple example that uses the EV module and loads
91	F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:	71	F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:
92		72
93	use Fcntl;	73	use Fcntl;
94	use Event;	74	use EV;
95	use IO::AIO;	75	use IO::AIO;
96		76
97	# register the IO::AIO callback with Event	77	# register the IO::AIO callback with EV
98	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	78	my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
99	poll => 'r',
100	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
101		79
102	# queue the request to open /etc/passwd	80	# queue the request to open /etc/passwd
103	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	81	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
104	my $fh = $_[0]	82	my $fh = shift
105	or die "error while opening: $!";	83	or die "error while opening: $!";
106		84
107	# stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking	85	# stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking
108	my $size = -s $fh;	86	my $size = -s $fh;
109		87
…		…
117		95
118	# file contents now in $contents	96	# file contents now in $contents
119	print $contents;	97	print $contents;
120		98
121	# exit event loop and program	99	# exit event loop and program
122	Event::unloop;	100	EV::unloop;
123	};	101	};
124	};	102	};
125		103
126	# possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,	104	# possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,
127	# check for sockets etc. etc.	105	# check for sockets etc. etc.
128		106
129	# process events as long as there are some:	107	# process events as long as there are some:
130	Event::loop;	108	EV::loop;
131		109
132	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME	110	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME
133		111
134	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not	112	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not
135	directly visible to Perl.	113	directly visible to Perl.
…		…
183		161
184	=cut	162	=cut
185		163
186	package IO::AIO;	164	package IO::AIO;
187		165
188	no warnings;	166	use Carp ();
189	use strict 'vars';	167
		168	use common::sense;
190		169
191	use base 'Exporter';	170	use base 'Exporter';
192		171
193	BEGIN {	172	BEGIN {
194	our $VERSION = '2.1';	173	our $VERSION = '3.5';
195		174
196	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat	175	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close
197	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink	176	aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_readdirx
198	aio_readlink aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link	177	aio_scandir aio_symlink aio_readlink aio_sync aio_fsync
199	aio_move aio_copy aio_group aio_nop aio_mknod);	178	aio_fdatasync aio_sync_file_range aio_pathsync aio_readahead
		179	aio_rename aio_link aio_move aio_copy aio_group
		180	aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir aio_chown
		181	aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate
		182	aio_msync aio_mtouch aio_statvfs);
		183
200	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice));	184	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice));
201	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush	185	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
202	min_parallel max_parallel max_idle	186	min_parallel max_parallel max_idle
203	nreqs nready npending nthreads	187	nreqs nready npending nthreads
204	max_poll_time max_poll_reqs);	188	max_poll_time max_poll_reqs
		189	sendfile fadvise);
		190
		191	push @AIO_REQ, qw(aio_busy); # not exported
205		192
206	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';	193	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
207		194
208	require XSLoader;	195	require XSLoader;
209	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);	196	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
210	}	197	}
211		198
212	=head1 FUNCTIONS	199	=head1 FUNCTIONS
		200
		201	=head2 QUICK OVERVIEW
		202
		203	This section simply lists the prototypes of the most important functions
		204	for quick reference. See the following sections for function-by-function
		205	documentation.
		206
		207	aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
		208	aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
		209	aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
		210	aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
		211	aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
		212	aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
		213	aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
		214	aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
		215	aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs)
		216	aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
		217	aio_chown $fh_or_path, $uid, $gid, $callback->($status)
		218	aio_truncate $fh_or_path, $offset, $callback->($status)
		219	aio_chmod $fh_or_path, $mode, $callback->($status)
		220	aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
		221	aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
		222	aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		223	aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		224	aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link)
		225	aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		226	aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status)
		227	aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
		228	aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
		229	aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
		230	IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
		231	IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
		232	aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)
		233	aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		234	aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		235	aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
		236	aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)
		237	aio_sync $callback->($status)
		238	aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
		239	aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status)
		240	aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
		241	aio_pathsync $path, $callback->($status)
		242	aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		243	aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		244	aio_group $callback->(...)
		245	aio_nop $callback->()
		246
		247	$prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
		248	aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
		249
		250	IO::AIO::poll_wait
		251	IO::AIO::poll_cb
		252	IO::AIO::poll
		253	IO::AIO::flush
		254	IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
		255	IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
		256	IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
		257	IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
		258	IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
		259	IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
		260	IO::AIO::nreqs
		261	IO::AIO::nready
		262	IO::AIO::npending
		263
		264	IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
		265	IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
		266	IO::AIO::mlockall $flags
		267	IO::AIO::munlockall
213		268
214	=head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS	269	=head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS
215		270
216	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall	271	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
217	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,	272	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
218	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument	273	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
219	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with	274	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
220	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike	275	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike
221	perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given	276	perl, which usually delivers "false") as its sole argument after the given
222	syscall has been executed asynchronously.	277	syscall has been executed asynchronously.
223		278
224	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle	279	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
225	internally until the request has finished.	280	internally until the request has finished.
226		281
…		…
240	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user	295	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
241	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)	296	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
242	use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.	297	use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.
243		298
244	This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO	299	This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO
245	handles correctly wether it is set or not.	300	handles correctly whether it is set or not.
246		301
247	=over 4	302	=over 4
248		303
249	=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]	304	=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
250		305
…		…
270	aio_read $_[0], ..., sub {	325	aio_read $_[0], ..., sub {
271	...	326	...
272	};	327	};
273	};	328	};
274		329
		330
275	=item aioreq_nice $pri_adjust	331	=item aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
276		332
277	Similar to C<aioreq_pri>, but subtracts the given value from the current	333	Similar to C<aioreq_pri>, but subtracts the given value from the current
278	priority, so the effect is cumulative.	334	priority, so the effect is cumulative.
		335
279		336
280	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)	337	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
281		338
282	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly	339	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly
283	created filehandle for the file.	340	created filehandle for the file.
…		…
289	list. They are the same as used by C<sysopen>.	346	list. They are the same as used by C<sysopen>.
290		347
291	Likewise, C<$mode> specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it	348	Likewise, C<$mode> specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it
292	didn't exist and C<O_CREAT> has been given, just like perl's C<sysopen>,	349	didn't exist and C<O_CREAT> has been given, just like perl's C<sysopen>,
293	except that it is mandatory (i.e. use C<0> if you don't create new files,	350	except that it is mandatory (i.e. use C<0> if you don't create new files,
294	and C<0666> or C<0777> if you do).	351	and C<0666> or C<0777> if you do). Note that the C<$mode> will be modified
		352	by the umask in effect then the request is being executed, so better never
		353	change the umask.
295		354
296	Example:	355	Example:
297		356
298	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	357	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
299	if ($_[0]) {	358	if ($_[0]) {
…		…
302	} else {	361	} else {
303	die "open failed: $!\n";	362	die "open failed: $!\n";
304	}	363	}
305	};	364	};
306		365
		366
307	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)	367	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
308		368
309	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result	369	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result
310	code. I<WARNING:> although accepted, you should not pass in a perl	370	code.
311	filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor another
312	time when the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can safely call perls
313	C<close> or just let filehandles go out of scope.
314		371
315	This is supposed to be a bug in the API, so that might change. It's	372	Unfortunately, you can't do this to perl. Perl I<insists> very strongly on
316	therefore best to avoid this function.	373	closing the file descriptor associated with the filehandle itself.
		374
		375	Therefore, C<aio_close> will not close the filehandle - instead it will
		376	use dup2 to overwrite the file descriptor with the write-end of a pipe
		377	(the pipe fd will be created on demand and will be cached).
		378
		379	Or in other words: the file descriptor will be closed, but it will not be
		380	free for reuse until the perl filehandle is closed.
		381
		382	=cut
317		383
318	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)	384	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
319		385
320	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)	386	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
321		387
322	Reads or writes C<length> bytes from the specified C<fh> and C<offset>	388	Reads or writes C<$length> bytes from or to the specified C<$fh> and
323	into the scalar given by C<data> and offset C<dataoffset> and calls the	389	C<$offset> into the scalar given by C<$data> and offset C<$dataoffset>
324	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just	390	and calls the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on
325	like the syscall).	391	error, just like the syscall).
		392
		393	C<aio_read> will, like C<sysread>, shrink or grow the C<$data> scalar to
		394	offset plus the actual number of bytes read.
		395
		396	If C<$offset> is undefined, then the current file descriptor offset will
		397	be used (and updated), otherwise the file descriptor offset will not be
		398	changed by these calls.
		399
		400	If C<$length> is undefined in C<aio_write>, use the remaining length of
		401	C<$data>.
		402
		403	If C<$dataoffset> is less than zero, it will be counted from the end of
		404	C<$data>.
326		405
327	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request	406	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request
328	is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or WW3 (if the	407	is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or World War III (if
329	necessary/optional hardware is installed).	408	the necessary/optional hardware is installed).
330		409
331	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, starting at	410	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, starting at
332	offset C<0> within the scalar:	411	offset C<0> within the scalar:
333		412
334	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {	413	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {
335	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";	414	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
336	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";	415	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";
337	};	416	};
		417
338		418
339	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)	419	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
340		420
341	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts	421	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts
342	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current	422	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current
…		…
344	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each	424	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each
345	other.	425	other.
346		426
347	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide	427	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide
348	zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a	428	zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a
349	socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to mmap'able file.	429	socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to an mmap'able file.
350		430
351	If the native sendfile call fails or is not implemented, it will be	431	If a native sendfile cannot be found or it fails with C<ENOSYS>,
		432	C<ENOTSUP>, C<EOPNOTSUPP>, C<EAFNOSUPPORT>, C<EPROTOTYPE> or C<ENOTSOCK>,
352	emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of filehandle	433	it will be emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of
353	regardless of the limitations of the operating system.	434	filehandle regardless of the limitations of the operating system.
354		435
355	Please note, however, that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from	436	Please note, however, that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from
356	C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many	437	C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many
357	bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only	438	bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only
358	provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result	439	provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result
359	value equals C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been	440	value equals C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been
360	read.	441	read.
		442
361		443
362	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)	444	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
363		445
364	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that	446	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that
365	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>	447	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>
…		…
371	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.	453	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.
372		454
373	If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it will be	455	If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it will be
374	emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect.	456	emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect.
375		457
		458
376	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)	459	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
377		460
378	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)	461	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
379		462
380	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will	463	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will
…		…
393	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {	476	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {
394	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";	477	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";
395	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";	478	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";
396	};	479	};
397		480
		481
		482	=item aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs)
		483
		484	Works like the POSIX C<statvfs> or C<fstatvfs> syscalls, depending on
		485	whether a file handle or path was passed.
		486
		487	On success, the callback is passed a hash reference with the following
		488	members: C<bsize>, C<frsize>, C<blocks>, C<bfree>, C<bavail>, C<files>,
		489	C<ffree>, C<favail>, C<fsid>, C<flag> and C<namemax>. On failure, C<undef>
		490	is passed.
		491
		492	The following POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* constants are defined: C<ST_RDONLY> and
		493	C<ST_NOSUID>.
		494
		495	The following non-POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* flag masks are defined to
		496	their correct value when available, or to C<0> on systems that do
		497	not support them: C<ST_NODEV>, C<ST_NOEXEC>, C<ST_SYNCHRONOUS>,
		498	C<ST_MANDLOCK>, C<ST_WRITE>, C<ST_APPEND>, C<ST_IMMUTABLE>, C<ST_NOATIME>,
		499	C<ST_NODIRATIME> and C<ST_RELATIME>.
		500
		501	Example: stat C</wd> and dump out the data if successful.
		502
		503	aio_statvfs "/wd", sub {
		504	my $f = $_[0]
		505	or die "statvfs: $!";
		506
		507	use Data::Dumper;
		508	say Dumper $f;
		509	};
		510
		511	# result:
		512	{
		513	bsize => 1024,
		514	bfree => 4333064312,
		515	blocks => 10253828096,
		516	files => 2050765568,
		517	flag => 4096,
		518	favail => 2042092649,
		519	bavail => 4333064312,
		520	ffree => 2042092649,
		521	namemax => 255,
		522	frsize => 1024,
		523	fsid => 1810
		524	}
		525
		526
		527	=item aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
		528
		529	Works like perl's C<utime> function (including the special case of $atime
		530	and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if the underlying
		531	syscalls support them.
		532
		533	When called with a pathname, uses utimes(2) if available, otherwise
		534	utime(2). If called on a file descriptor, uses futimes(2) if available,
		535	otherwise returns ENOSYS, so this is not portable.
		536
		537	Examples:
		538
		539	# set atime and mtime to current time (basically touch(1)):
		540	aio_utime "path", undef, undef;
		541	# set atime to current time and mtime to beginning of the epoch:
		542	aio_utime "path", time, undef; # undef==0
		543
		544
		545	=item aio_chown $fh_or_path, $uid, $gid, $callback->($status)
		546
		547	Works like perl's C<chown> function, except that C<undef> for either $uid
		548	or $gid is being interpreted as "do not change" (but -1 can also be used).
		549
		550	Examples:
		551
		552	# same as "chown root path" in the shell:
		553	aio_chown "path", 0, -1;
		554	# same as above:
		555	aio_chown "path", 0, undef;
		556
		557
		558	=item aio_truncate $fh_or_path, $offset, $callback->($status)
		559
		560	Works like truncate(2) or ftruncate(2).
		561
		562
		563	=item aio_chmod $fh_or_path, $mode, $callback->($status)
		564
		565	Works like perl's C<chmod> function.
		566
		567
398	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)	568	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
399		569
400	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the	570	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the
401	result code.	571	result code.
402		572
		573
403	=item aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)	574	=item aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
404		575
405	[EXPERIMENTAL]	576	[EXPERIMENTAL]
406		577
407	Asynchronously create a device node (or fifo). See mknod(2).	578	Asynchronously create a device node (or fifo). See mknod(2).
408		579
409	The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:	580	The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:
410		581
411	aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO \| $mode, 0, sub { ...	582	aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO \| $mode, 0, sub { ...
		583
412		584
413	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	585	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
414		586
415	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	587	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
416	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	588	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
417		589
		590
418	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	591	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
419		592
420	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	593	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
421	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	594	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
		595
422		596
423	=item aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link)	597	=item aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link)
424		598
425	Asynchronously read the symlink specified by C<$path> and pass it to	599	Asynchronously read the symlink specified by C<$path> and pass it to
426	the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to the	600	the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to the
427	callback.	601	callback.
428		602
		603
429	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	604	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
430		605
431	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as	606	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as
432	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.	607	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
433		608
		609
		610	=item aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status)
		611
		612	Asynchronously mkdir (create) a directory and call the callback with
		613	the result code. C<$mode> will be modified by the umask at the time the
		614	request is executed, so do not change your umask.
		615
		616
434	=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)	617	=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
435		618
436	Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the	619	Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the
437	result code.	620	result code.
		621
438		622
439	=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)	623	=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
440		624
441	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire	625	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire
442	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be	626	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be
443	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.	627	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
444		628
445	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref	629	The callback is passed a single argument which is either C<undef> or an
446	with the filenames.	630	array-ref with the filenames.
		631
		632
		633	=item aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
		634
		635	Quite similar to C<aio_readdir>, but the C<$flags> argument allows to tune
		636	behaviour and output format. In case of an error, C<$entries> will be
		637	C<undef>.
		638
		639	The flags are a combination of the following constants, ORed together (the
		640	flags will also be passed to the callback, possibly modified):
		641
		642	=over 4
		643
		644	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS
		645
		646	When this flag is off, then the callback gets an arrayref with of names
		647	only (as with C<aio_readdir>), otherwise it gets an arrayref with
		648	C<[$name, $type, $inode]> arrayrefs, each describing a single directory
		649	entry in more detail.
		650
		651	C<$name> is the name of the entry.
		652
		653	C<$type> is one of the C<IO::AIO::DT_xxx> constants:
		654
		655	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>, C<IO::AIO::DT_FIFO>, C<IO::AIO::DT_CHR>, C<IO::AIO::DT_DIR>,
		656	C<IO::AIO::DT_BLK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_REG>, C<IO::AIO::DT_LNK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_SOCK>,
		657	C<IO::AIO::DT_WHT>.
		658
		659	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN> means just that: readdir does not know. If you need to
		660	know, you have to run stat yourself. Also, for speed reasons, the C<$type>
		661	scalars are read-only: you can not modify them.
		662
		663	C<$inode> is the inode number (which might not be exact on systems with 64
		664	bit inode numbers and 32 bit perls). This field has unspecified content on
		665	systems that do not deliver the inode information.
		666
		667	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
		668
		669	When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order where
		670	likely directories come first. This is useful when you need to quickly
		671	find directories, or you want to find all directories while avoiding to
		672	stat() each entry.
		673
		674	If the system returns type information in readdir, then this is used
		675	to find directories directly. Otherwise, likely directories are files
		676	beginning with ".", or otherwise files with no dots, of which files with
		677	short names are tried first.
		678
		679	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER
		680
		681	When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order
		682	suitable for stat()'ing each one. That is, when you plan to stat()
		683	all files in the given directory, then the returned order will likely
		684	be fastest.
		685
		686	If both this flag and C<IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST> are specified, then
		687	the likely dirs come first, resulting in a less optimal stat order.
		688
		689	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
		690
		691	This flag should not be set when calling C<aio_readdirx>. Instead, it
		692	is being set by C<aio_readdirx>, when any of the C<$type>'s found were
		693	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>. The absense of this flag therefore indicates that all
		694	C<$type>'s are known, which can be used to speed up some algorithms.
		695
		696	=back
		697
		698
		699	=item aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)
		700
		701	This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into
		702	memory. Status is the same as with aio_read.
		703
		704	=cut
		705
		706	sub aio_load($$;$) {
		707	my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_;
		708	my $data = \$_[1];
		709
		710	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		711	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		712
		713	aioreq_pri $pri;
		714	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		715	my $fh = shift
		716	or return $grp->result (-1);
		717
		718	aioreq_pri $pri;
		719	add $grp aio_read $fh, 0, (-s $fh), $$data, 0, sub {
		720	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		721	};
		722	};
		723
		724	$grp
		725	}
447		726
448	=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	727	=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
449		728
450	Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or	729	Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
451	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with	730	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
452	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.	731	a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>).
453		732
454	This is a composite request that it creates the destination file with	733	This is a composite request that creates the destination file with
455	mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using	734	mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using
456	C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and	735	C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and
457	uid/gid, in that order.	736	uid/gid, in that order.
458		737
459	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if	738	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
…		…
469	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	748	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
470		749
471	aioreq_pri $pri;	750	aioreq_pri $pri;
472	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	751	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
473	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {	752	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
474	my @stat = stat $src_fh;	753	my @stat = stat $src_fh; # hmm, might block over nfs?
475		754
476	aioreq_pri $pri;	755	aioreq_pri $pri;
477	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT \| O_WRONLY \| O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {	756	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT \| O_WRONLY \| O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {
478	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {	757	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
479	aioreq_pri $pri;	758	aioreq_pri $pri;
480	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {	759	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
481	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {	760	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
482	$grp->result (0);	761	$grp->result (0);
483	close $src_fh;	762	close $src_fh;
484		763
485	# those should not normally block. should. should.	764	my $ch = sub {
		765	aioreq_pri $pri;
		766	add $grp aio_chmod $dst_fh, $stat[2] & 07777, sub {
		767	aioreq_pri $pri;
		768	add $grp aio_chown $dst_fh, $stat[4], $stat[5], sub {
		769	aioreq_pri $pri;
		770	add $grp aio_close $dst_fh;
		771	}
		772	};
		773	};
		774
		775	aioreq_pri $pri;
		776	add $grp aio_utime $dst_fh, $stat[8], $stat[9], sub {
		777	if ($_[0] < 0 && $! == ENOSYS) {
		778	aioreq_pri $pri;
486	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;	779	add $grp aio_utime $dst, $stat[8], $stat[9], $ch;
487	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;	780	} else {
488	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;	781	$ch->();
		782	}
489	close $dst_fh;	783	};
490	} else {	784	} else {
491	$grp->result (-1);	785	$grp->result (-1);
492	close $src_fh;	786	close $src_fh;
493	close $dst_fh;	787	close $dst_fh;
494		788
…		…
511		805
512	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	806	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
513		807
514	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or	808	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
515	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with	809	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
516	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.	810	a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>).
517		811
518	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If	812	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first; if
519	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if	813	rename fails with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if
520	that is successful, unlinking the C<$srcpath>.	814	that is successful, unlinks the C<$srcpath>.
521		815
522	=cut	816	=cut
523		817
524	sub aio_move($$;$) {	818	sub aio_move($$;$) {
525	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;	819	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
…		…
572		866
573	Implementation notes.	867	Implementation notes.
574		868
575	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.	869	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.
576		870
		871	If readdir returns file type information, then this is used directly to
		872	find directories.
		873
577	After reading the directory, the modification time, size etc. of the	874	Otherwise, after reading the directory, the modification time, size etc.
578	directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they match (and	875	of the directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they
579	isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide how many	876	match (and isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide
580	entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the number	877	how many entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the
581	of subdirectories will be assumed.	878	number of subdirectories will be assumed.
582		879
583	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories (everything without	880	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories a non-initial dot
584	a non-initial dot currently) and likely non-directories (everything	881	currently) and likely non-directories (see C<aio_readdirx>). Then every
585	else). Then every entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed,	882	entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed, likely directories first,
586	likely directories first. If that succeeds, it assumes that the entry	883	in order of their inode numbers. If that succeeds, it assumes that the
587	is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked	884	entry is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked
588	seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because	885	seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because
589	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode	886	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode
590	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature).	887	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature), even on systems that cannot return
		888	the filetype information on readdir.
591		889
592	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the	890	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the
593	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.	891	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.
594		892
595	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which	893	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which
…		…
599	as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which disables the	897	as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which disables the
600	directory counting heuristic.	898	directory counting heuristic.
601		899
602	=cut	900	=cut
603		901
604	sub aio_scandir($$$) {	902	sub aio_scandir($$;$) {
605	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;	903	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
606		904
607	my $pri = aioreq_pri;	905	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
608		906
609	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	907	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
…		…
617	my $now = time;	915	my $now = time;
618	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	916	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
619		917
620	# read the directory entries	918	# read the directory entries
621	aioreq_pri $pri;	919	aioreq_pri $pri;
622	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {	920	add $grp aio_readdirx $path, READDIR_DIRS_FIRST, sub {
623	my $entries = shift	921	my $entries = shift
624	or return $grp->result ();	922	or return $grp->result ();
625		923
626	# stat the dir another time	924	# stat the dir another time
627	aioreq_pri $pri;	925	aioreq_pri $pri;
…		…
633	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy	931	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy
634	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {	932	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {
635	$ndirs = -1;	933	$ndirs = -1;
636	} else {	934	} else {
637	# if nlink == 2, we are finished	935	# if nlink == 2, we are finished
638	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2	936	# for non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2
639	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2	937	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2
640	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);	938	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);
641	}	939	}
642		940
643	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs
644	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first
645	$entries = [map $_->[0],
646	sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }
647	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
648	@$entries];
649
650	my (@dirs, @nondirs);	941	my (@dirs, @nondirs);
651		942
652	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {	943	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {
653	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);	944	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
654	};	945	};
655		946
656	limit $statgrp $maxreq;	947	limit $statgrp $maxreq;
657	feed $statgrp sub {	948	feed $statgrp sub {
658	return unless @$entries;	949	return unless @$entries;
659	my $entry = pop @$entries;	950	my $entry = shift @$entries;
660		951
661	aioreq_pri $pri;	952	aioreq_pri $pri;
662	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {	953	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {
663	if ($_[0] < 0) {	954	if ($_[0] < 0) {
664	push @nondirs, $entry;	955	push @nondirs, $entry;
…		…
685	};	976	};
686		977
687	$grp	978	$grp
688	}	979	}
689		980
		981	=item aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)
		982
		983	Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the
		984	status of the final C<rmdir> only. This is a composite request that
		985	uses C<aio_scandir> to recurse into and rmdir directories, and unlink
		986	everything else.
		987
		988	=cut
		989
		990	sub aio_rmtree;
		991	sub aio_rmtree($;$) {
		992	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
		993
		994	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		995	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		996
		997	aioreq_pri $pri;
		998	add $grp aio_scandir $path, 0, sub {
		999	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;
		1000
		1001	my $dirgrp = aio_group sub {
		1002	add $grp aio_rmdir $path, sub {
		1003	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		1004	};
		1005	};
		1006
		1007	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_rmtree "$path/$_" for @$dirs;
		1008	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_unlink "$path/$_" for @$nondirs;
		1009
		1010	add $grp $dirgrp;
		1011	};
		1012
		1013	$grp
		1014	}
		1015
		1016	=item aio_sync $callback->($status)
		1017
		1018	Asynchronously call sync and call the callback when finished.
		1019
690	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)	1020	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
691		1021
692	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback	1022	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback
693	with the fsync result code.	1023	with the fsync result code.
694		1024
…		…
697	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the	1027	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the
698	callback with the fdatasync result code.	1028	callback with the fdatasync result code.
699		1029
700	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be	1030	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
701	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.	1031	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
		1032
		1033	=item aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
		1034
		1035	Sync the data portion of the file specified by C<$offset> and C<$length>
		1036	to disk (but NOT the metadata), by calling the Linux-specific
		1037	sync_file_range call. If sync_file_range is not available or it returns
		1038	ENOSYS, then fdatasync or fsync is being substituted.
		1039
		1040	C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE>,
		1041	C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE> and
		1042	C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER>: refer to the sync_file_range
		1043	manpage for details.
		1044
		1045	=item aio_pathsync $path, $callback->($status)
		1046
		1047	This request tries to open, fsync and close the given path. This is a
		1048	composite request intended to sync directories after directory operations
		1049	(E.g. rename). This might not work on all operating systems or have any
		1050	specific effect, but usually it makes sure that directory changes get
		1051	written to disc. It works for anything that can be opened for read-only,
		1052	not just directories.
		1053
		1054	Future versions of this function might fall back to other methods when
		1055	C<fsync> on the directory fails (such as calling C<sync>).
		1056
		1057	Passes C<0> when everything went ok, and C<-1> on error.
		1058
		1059	=cut
		1060
		1061	sub aio_pathsync($;$) {
		1062	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
		1063
		1064	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		1065	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		1066
		1067	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1068	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		1069	my ($fh) = @_;
		1070	if ($fh) {
		1071	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1072	add $grp aio_fsync $fh, sub {
		1073	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		1074
		1075	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1076	add $grp aio_close $fh;
		1077	};
		1078	} else {
		1079	$grp->result (-1);
		1080	}
		1081	};
		1082
		1083	$grp
		1084	}
		1085
		1086	=item aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		1087
		1088	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which only works on mmap(2)ed
		1089	scalars (see the C<IO::AIO::mmap> function, although it also works on data
		1090	scalars managed by the L<Sys::Mmap> or L<Mmap> modules, note that the
		1091	scalar must only be modified in-place while an aio operation is pending on
		1092	it).
		1093
		1094	It calls the C<msync> function of your OS, if available, with the memory
		1095	area starting at C<$offset> in the string and ending C<$length> bytes
		1096	later. If C<$length> is negative, counts from the end, and if C<$length>
		1097	is C<undef>, then it goes till the end of the string. The flags can be
		1098	a combination of C<IO::AIO::MS_ASYNC>, C<IO::AIO::MS_INVALIDATE> and
		1099	C<IO::AIO::MS_SYNC>.
		1100
		1101	=item aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		1102
		1103	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed
		1104	scalars.
		1105
		1106	It touches (reads or writes) all memory pages in the specified
		1107	range inside the scalar. All caveats and parameters are the same
		1108	as for C<aio_msync>, above, except for flags, which must be either
		1109	C<0> (which reads all pages and ensures they are instantiated) or
		1110	C<IO::AIO::MT_MODIFY>, which modifies the memory page s(by reading and
		1111	writing an octet from it, which dirties the page).
702		1112
703	=item aio_group $callback->(...)	1113	=item aio_group $callback->(...)
704		1114
705	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a	1115	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
706	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle	1116	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
…		…
756	=item cancel $req	1166	=item cancel $req
757		1167
758	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution	1168	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution
759	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when	1169	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when
760	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise	1170	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise
761	untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be	1171	untouched (with the exception of readdir). That means that requests that
762	stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.	1172	currently execute will not be stopped and resources held by the request
		1173	will not be freed prematurely.
763		1174
764	=item cb $req $callback->(...)	1175	=item cb $req $callback->(...)
765		1176
766	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.	1177	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.
767		1178
…		…
818	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they	1229	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
819	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the	1230	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
820	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to	1231	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
821	exist.	1232	exist.
822		1233
823	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests. And	1234	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests
824	in the callbacks of those requests, you can add further requests to the	1235	(precisely before the callback has been invoked, which is only done within
825	group. And only when all those requests have finished will the the group	1236	the C<poll_cb>). And in the callbacks of those requests, you can add
826	itself finish.	1237	further requests to the group. And only when all those requests have
		1238	finished will the the group itself finish.
827		1239
828	=over 4	1240	=over 4
829		1241
830	=item add $grp ...	1242	=item add $grp ...
831		1243
…		…
840	=item $grp->cancel_subs	1252	=item $grp->cancel_subs
841		1253
842	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request	1254	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request
843	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.	1255	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.
844		1256
		1257	The group request will finish normally (you cannot add requests to the
		1258	group).
		1259
845	=item $grp->result (...)	1260	=item $grp->result (...)
846		1261
847	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all	1262	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
848	subrequests have finished and set thre groups errno to the current value	1263	subrequests have finished and set the groups errno to the current value
849	of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default,	1264	of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default,
850	no argument will be passed and errno is zero.	1265	no argument will be passed and errno is zero.
851		1266
852	=item $grp->errno ([$errno])	1267	=item $grp->errno ([$errno])
853		1268
…		…
864	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)	1279	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
865		1280
866	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached	1281	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
867	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,	1282	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
868	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,	1283	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
869	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For	1284	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For example,
870	example, C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat>	1285	C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat> requests,
871	requests, delaying any later requests for a long time.	1286	delaying any later requests for a long time.
872		1287
873	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can	1288	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can
874	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The	1289	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The
875	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,	1290	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,
876	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more	1291	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more
…		…
880	not impose any limits).	1295	not impose any limits).
881		1296
882	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be	1297	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be
883	automatically removed from the group.	1298	automatically removed from the group.
884		1299
885	If the feed limit is C<0>, it will be set to C<2> automatically.	1300	If the feed limit is C<0> when this method is called, it will be set to
		1301	C<2> automatically.
886		1302
887	Example:	1303	Example:
888		1304
889	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:	1305	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:
890		1306
…		…
902	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever	1318	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever
903	the group contains less than this many requests.	1319	the group contains less than this many requests.
904		1320
905	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.	1321	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.
906		1322
		1323	The default value for the limit is C<0>, but note that setting a feeder
		1324	automatically bumps it up to C<2>.
		1325
907	=back	1326	=back
908		1327
909	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS	1328	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
910		1329
911	=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION	1330	=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
…		…
913	=over 4	1332	=over 4
914		1333
915	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno	1334	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
916		1335
917	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be	1336	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be
918	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event or	1337	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. EV, Glib,
919	select, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable you have	1338	select and so on, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable
920	to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.	1339	you have to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.
921		1340
922	See C<poll_cb> for an example.	1341	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
923		1342
924	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb	1343	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
925		1344
926	Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this	1345	Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
927	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately	1346	regularly. Returns C<0> if all events could be processed, or C<-1> if it
		1347	returned earlier for whatever reason. Returns immediately when no events
928	when no events are outstanding. The amount of events processed depends on	1348	are outstanding. The amount of events processed depends on the settings of
929	the settings of C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.	1349	C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.
930		1350
931	If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle	1351	If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle
932	will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns.	1352	will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns, so normally you don't have to
		1353	do anything special to have it called later.
933		1354
934	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls	1355	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
935	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:	1356	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority (more examples can be found in the
		1357	SYNOPSIS section, at the top of this document):
936		1358
937	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	1359	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
938	poll => 'r', async => 1,	1360	poll => 'r', async => 1,
939	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	1361	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1362
		1363	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
		1364
		1365	If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result
		1366	phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply
		1367	does a C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to
		1368	synchronously wait for some requests to finish).
		1369
		1370	See C<nreqs> for an example.
		1371
		1372	=item IO::AIO::poll
		1373
		1374	Waits until some requests have been handled.
		1375
		1376	Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly
		1377	equivalent to:
		1378
		1379	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1380
		1381	=item IO::AIO::flush
		1382
		1383	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
		1384
		1385	Strictly equivalent to:
		1386
		1387	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1388	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
940		1389
941	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs	1390	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
942		1391
943	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds	1392	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
944		1393
…		…
969	# use a low priority so other tasks have priority	1418	# use a low priority so other tasks have priority
970	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	1419	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
971	poll => 'r', nice => 1,	1420	poll => 'r', nice => 1,
972	cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);	1421	cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);
973		1422
974	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait	1423	=back
975
976	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a
977	C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously
978	wait for some requests to finish).
979
980	See C<nreqs> for an example.
981
982	=item IO::AIO::poll
983
984	Waits until some requests have been handled.
985
986	Strictly equivalent to:
987
988	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
989	if IO::AIO::nreqs;
990
991	=item IO::AIO::flush
992
993	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
994
995	Strictly equivalent to:
996
997	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
998	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
999		1424
1000	=head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS	1425	=head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS
		1426
		1427	=over
1001		1428
1002	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads	1429	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
1003		1430
1004	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current	1431	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current
1005	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute	1432	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute
…		…
1046		1473
1047	The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread	1474	The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread
1048	creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might	1475	creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might
1049	want to use larger values.	1476	want to use larger values.
1050		1477
1051	=item $oldmaxreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs	1478	=item IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
1052		1479
1053	This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it	1480	This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it
1054	blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better	1481	blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better
1055	use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.	1482	use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.
1056		1483
1057	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you	1484	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you
1058	to queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to the	1485	do queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to the
1059	C<poll_cb> (and C<poll_some> and other functions calling C<poll_cb>)	1486	C<poll_cb> (and C<poll_some> and other functions calling C<poll_cb>)
1060	function will block until the limit is no longer exceeded.	1487	function will block until the limit is no longer exceeded.
1061		1488
1062	The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the	1489	The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the
1063	number of outstanding requests.	1490	number of outstanding requests.
1064		1491
1065	You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore,	1492	You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore,
1066	C<max_oustsanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or	1493	C<max_outstanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or
1067	as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values).	1494	as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values).
1068		1495
		1496	=back
		1497
1069	=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION	1498	=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION
		1499
		1500	=over
1070		1501
1071	=item IO::AIO::nreqs	1502	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
1072		1503
1073	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready, execute or pending	1504	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready, execute or pending
1074	states (i.e. for which their callback has not been invoked yet).	1505	states (i.e. for which their callback has not been invoked yet).
…		…
1088	Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,	1519	Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,
1089	but not yet processed by poll_cb).	1520	but not yet processed by poll_cb).
1090		1521
1091	=back	1522	=back
1092		1523
		1524	=head3 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
		1525
		1526	IO::AIO implements some functions that might be useful, but are not
		1527	asynchronous.
		1528
		1529	=over 4
		1530
		1531	=item IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
		1532
		1533	Calls the C<eio_sendfile_sync> function, which is like C<aio_sendfile>,
		1534	but is blocking (this makes most sense if you know the input data is
		1535	likely cached already and the output filehandle is set to non-blocking
		1536	operations).
		1537
		1538	Returns the number of bytes copied, or C<-1> on error.
		1539
		1540	=item IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
		1541
		1542	Simply calls the C<posix_fadvise> function (see it's
		1543	manpage for details). The following advice constants are
		1544	avaiable: C<IO::AIO::FADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_SEQUENTIAL>,
		1545	C<IO::AIO::FADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_NOREUSE>,
		1546	C<IO::AIO::FADV_WILLNEED>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_DONTNEED>.
		1547
		1548	On systems that do not implement C<posix_fadvise>, this function returns
		1549	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_fadvise>.
		1550
		1551	=item IO::AIO::mmap $scalar, $length, $prot, $flags, $fh[, $offset]
		1552
		1553	Memory-maps a file (or anonymous memory range) and attaches it to the
		1554	given C<$scalar>, which will act like a string scalar.
		1555
		1556	The only operations allowed on the scalar are C<substr>/C<vec> that don't
		1557	change the string length, and most read-only operations such as copying it
		1558	or searching it with regexes and so on.
		1559
		1560	Anything else is unsafe and will, at best, result in memory leaks.
		1561
		1562	The memory map associated with the C<$scalar> is automatically removed
		1563	when the C<$scalar> is destroyed, or when the C<IO::AIO::mmap> or
		1564	C<IO::AIO::munmap> functions are called.
		1565
		1566	This calls the C<mmap>(2) function internally. See your system's manual
		1567	page for details on the C<$length>, C<$prot> and C<$flags> parameters.
		1568
		1569	The C<$length> must be larger than zero and smaller than the actual
		1570	filesize.
		1571
		1572	C<$prot> is a combination of C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>,
		1573	C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ> and/or C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>,
		1574
		1575	C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED> or
		1576	C<IO::AIO::MAP_PRIVATE>, or a number of system-specific flags (when
		1577	not available, the are defined as 0): C<IO::AIO::MAP_ANONYMOUS>
		1578	(which is set to C<MAP_ANON> if your system only provides this
		1579	constant), C<IO::AIO::MAP_HUGETLB>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_LOCKED>,
		1580	C<IO::AIO::MAP_NORESERVE>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_POPULATE> or
		1581	C<IO::AIO::MAP_NONBLOCK>
		1582
		1583	If C<$fh> is C<undef>, then a file descriptor of C<-1> is passed.
		1584
		1585	=item IO::AIO::munmap $scalar
		1586
		1587	Removes a previous mmap and undefines the C<$scalar>.
		1588
		1589	=item IO::AIO::mlockall $flags
		1590
		1591	Calls the C<mlockall> function with the given C<$flags> (a combination of
		1592	C<IO::AIO::MCL_CURRENT> and C<IO::AIO::MCL__FUTURE>).
		1593
		1594	On systems that do not implement C<mlockall>, this function returns
		1595	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<mlockall>.
		1596
		1597	=item IO::AIO::munlockall
		1598
		1599	Calls the C<munlockall> function.
		1600
		1601	On systems that do not implement C<munlockall>, this function returns
		1602	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<munlockall>.
		1603
		1604	=back
		1605
1093	=cut	1606	=cut
1094		1607
1095	# support function to convert a fd into a perl filehandle
1096	sub _fd2fh {
1097	return undef if $_[0] < 0;
1098
1099	# try to generate nice filehandles
1100	my $sym = "IO::AIO::fd#$_[0]";
1101	local *$sym;
1102
1103	open *$sym, "+<&=$_[0]" # usually works under any unix
1104	or open *$sym, "<&=$_[0]" # cygwin needs this
1105	or open *$sym, ">&=$_[0]" # or this
1106	or return undef;
1107
1108	*$sym
1109	}
1110
1111	min_parallel 8;	1608	min_parallel 8;
1112		1609
1113	END {	1610	END { flush }
1114	min_parallel 1;
1115	flush;
1116	};
1117		1611
1118	1;	1612	1;
		1613
		1614	=head1 EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
		1615
		1616	It is recommended to use L<AnyEvent::AIO> to integrate IO::AIO
		1617	automatically into many event loops:
		1618
		1619	# AnyEvent integration (EV, Event, Glib, Tk, POE, urxvt, pureperl...)
		1620	use AnyEvent::AIO;
		1621
		1622	You can also integrate IO::AIO manually into many event loops, here are
		1623	some examples of how to do this:
		1624
		1625	# EV integration
		1626	my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
		1627
		1628	# Event integration
		1629	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1630	poll => 'r',
		1631	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1632
		1633	# Glib/Gtk2 integration
		1634	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1635	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
		1636
		1637	# Tk integration
		1638	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
		1639	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1640
		1641	# Danga::Socket integration
		1642	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
		1643	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
1119		1644
1120	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR	1645	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR
1121		1646
1122	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:	1647	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:
1123		1648
…		…
1141	bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly	1666	bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly
1142	a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl	1667	a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl
1143	scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and	1668	scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and
1144	will consume memory till the request has entered the done state.	1669	will consume memory till the request has entered the done state.
1145		1670
1146	This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a	1671	This is not awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a
1147	problem.	1672	problem.
1148		1673
1149	Per-thread usage:	1674	Per-thread usage:
1150		1675
1151	In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for	1676	In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for
…		…
1156		1681
1157	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.	1682	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.
1158		1683
1159	=head1 SEE ALSO	1684	=head1 SEE ALSO
1160		1685
1161	L<Coro::AIO>.	1686	L<AnyEvent::AIO> for easy integration into event loops, L<Coro::AIO> for a
		1687	more natural syntax.
1162		1688
1163	=head1 AUTHOR	1689	=head1 AUTHOR
1164		1690
1165	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	1691	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
1166	http://home.schmorp.de/	1692	http://home.schmorp.de/

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Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents): Revision 1.90 by root, Mon Oct 30 23:30:00 2006 UTC vs. Revision 1.176 by root, Sun Jan 10 23:05:11 2010 UTC

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Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.90 by root, Mon Oct 30 23:30:00 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.176 by root, Sun Jan 10 23:05:11 2010 UTC