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Revision 1.92 by root, Wed Nov 8 01:57:42 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.209 by root, Tue Sep 27 00:41:51 2011 UTC

…		…
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use IO::AIO;	7	use IO::AIO;
8		8
9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
10	my ($fh) = @_;	10	my $fh = shift
		11	or die "/etc/passwd: $!";
11	...	12	...
12	};	13	};
13		14
14	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };	15	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
15		16
…		…
25	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue	26	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue
26		27
27	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };	28	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };
28	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;	29	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;
29		30
30	# AnyEvent integration
31	open my $fh, "<&=" . IO::AIO::poll_fileno or die "$!";
32	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => 'r', cb => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb });
33
34	# Event integration
35	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
36	poll => 'r',
37	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
38
39	# Glib/Gtk2 integration
40	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
41	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
42
43	# Tk integration
44	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
45	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
46
47	# Danga::Socket integration
48	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
49	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
50
51	=head1 DESCRIPTION	31	=head1 DESCRIPTION
52		32
53	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your	33	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
54	operating system supports.	34	operating system supports. It is implemented as an interface to C<libeio>
		35	(L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libeio.html>).
55		36
56	Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program	37	Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program
57	(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation	38	(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation
58	will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This	39	will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This
59	is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even	40	is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even
…		…
61	etc.), but can also be used to easily do operations in parallel that are	42	etc.), but can also be used to easily do operations in parallel that are
62	normally done sequentially, e.g. stat'ing many files, which is much faster	43	normally done sequentially, e.g. stat'ing many files, which is much faster
63	on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations	44	on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations
64	concurrently.	45	concurrently.
65		46
66	While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for example	47	While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for
67	sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that support	48	example sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that
68	nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is very inefficient or	49	support nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is
69	might not work (aio_read fails on sockets/pipes/fifos). Use an event loop	50	very inefficient. Use an event loop for that (such as the L<EV>
70	for that (such as the L<Event|Event> module): IO::AIO will naturally fit	51	module): IO::AIO will naturally fit into such an event loop itself.
71	into such an event loop itself.
72		52
73	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your	53	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your
74	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support	54	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support
75	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible	55	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible
76	to perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio	56	to perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio
…		…
78	not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal	58	not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal
79	files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and	59	files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and
80	aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented	60	aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented
81	using threads anyway.	61	using threads anyway.
82		62
83	Although the module will work with in the presence of other (Perl-)	63	Although the module will work in the presence of other (Perl-) threads,
84	threads, it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate	64	it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate locking
85	locking yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or	65	yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never
86	never call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.	66	call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
87		67
88	=head2 EXAMPLE	68	=head2 EXAMPLE
89		69
90	This is a simple example that uses the Event module and loads	70	This is a simple example that uses the EV module and loads
91	F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:	71	F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:
92		72
93	use Fcntl;	73	use Fcntl;
94	use Event;	74	use EV;
95	use IO::AIO;	75	use IO::AIO;
96		76
97	# register the IO::AIO callback with Event	77	# register the IO::AIO callback with EV
98	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	78	my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
99	poll => 'r',
100	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
101		79
102	# queue the request to open /etc/passwd	80	# queue the request to open /etc/passwd
103	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	81	aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
104	my $fh = $_[0]	82	my $fh = shift
105	or die "error while opening: $!";	83	or die "error while opening: $!";
106		84
107	# stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking	85	# stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking
108	my $size = -s $fh;	86	my $size = -s $fh;
109		87
…		…
117		95
118	# file contents now in $contents	96	# file contents now in $contents
119	print $contents;	97	print $contents;
120		98
121	# exit event loop and program	99	# exit event loop and program
122	Event::unloop;	100	EV::unloop;
123	};	101	};
124	};	102	};
125		103
126	# possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,	104	# possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,
127	# check for sockets etc. etc.	105	# check for sockets etc. etc.
128		106
129	# process events as long as there are some:	107	# process events as long as there are some:
130	Event::loop;	108	EV::loop;
131		109
132	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME	110	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME
133		111
134	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not	112	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not
135	directly visible to Perl.	113	directly visible to Perl.
…		…
183		161
184	=cut	162	=cut
185		163
186	package IO::AIO;	164	package IO::AIO;
187		165
188	no warnings;	166	use Carp ();
189	use strict 'vars';	167
		168	use common::sense;
190		169
191	use base 'Exporter';	170	use base 'Exporter';
192		171
193	BEGIN {	172	BEGIN {
194	our $VERSION = '2.2';	173	our $VERSION = '4.0';
195		174
196	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat	175	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close
197	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink	176	aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_readdirx
198	aio_readlink aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link	177	aio_scandir aio_symlink aio_readlink aio_realpath aio_sync
199	aio_move aio_copy aio_group aio_nop aio_mknod);	178	aio_fsync aio_syncfs aio_fdatasync aio_sync_file_range aio_fallocate
		179	aio_pathsync aio_readahead
		180	aio_rename aio_link aio_move aio_copy aio_group
		181	aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir aio_chown
		182	aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate
		183	aio_msync aio_mtouch aio_mlock aio_mlockall
		184	aio_statvfs
		185	aio_wd);
		186
200	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice));	187	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice));
201	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush	188	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
202	min_parallel max_parallel max_idle	189	min_parallel max_parallel max_idle idle_timeout
203	nreqs nready npending nthreads	190	nreqs nready npending nthreads
204	max_poll_time max_poll_reqs);	191	max_poll_time max_poll_reqs
		192	sendfile fadvise madvise
		193	mmap munmap munlock munlockall);
		194
		195	push @AIO_REQ, qw(aio_busy); # not exported
205		196
206	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';	197	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
207		198
208	require XSLoader;	199	require XSLoader;
209	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);	200	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
210	}	201	}
211		202
212	=head1 FUNCTIONS	203	=head1 FUNCTIONS
		204
		205	=head2 QUICK OVERVIEW
		206
		207	This section simply lists the prototypes of the most important functions
		208	for quick reference. See the following sections for function-by-function
		209	documentation.
		210
		211	aio_wd $pathname, $callback->($wd)
		212	aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
		213	aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
		214	aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
		215	aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
		216	aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
		217	aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
		218	aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
		219	aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
		220	aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs)
		221	aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
		222	aio_chown $fh_or_path, $uid, $gid, $callback->($status)
		223	aio_truncate $fh_or_path, $offset, $callback->($status)
		224	aio_chmod $fh_or_path, $mode, $callback->($status)
		225	aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
		226	aio_mknod $pathname, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
		227	aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		228	aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		229	aio_readlink $pathname, $callback->($link)
		230	aio_realpath $pathname, $callback->($link)
		231	aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		232	aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status)
		233	aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
		234	aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
		235	aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
		236	IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
		237	IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
		238	aio_load $pathname, $data, $callback->($status)
		239	aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		240	aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		241	aio_scandir $pathname, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
		242	aio_rmtree $pathname, $callback->($status)
		243	aio_sync $callback->($status)
		244	aio_syncfs $fh, $callback->($status)
		245	aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
		246	aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status)
		247	aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
		248	aio_pathsync $pathname, $callback->($status)
		249	aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		250	aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		251	aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status)
		252	aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status)
		253	aio_group $callback->(...)
		254	aio_nop $callback->()
		255
		256	$prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
		257	aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
		258
		259	IO::AIO::poll_wait
		260	IO::AIO::poll_cb
		261	IO::AIO::poll
		262	IO::AIO::flush
		263	IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
		264	IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
		265	IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
		266	IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
		267	IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
		268	IO::AIO::idle_timeout $seconds
		269	IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
		270	IO::AIO::nreqs
		271	IO::AIO::nready
		272	IO::AIO::npending
		273
		274	IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
		275	IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
		276	IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $length, $advice
		277	IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $length, $protect
		278	IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef
		279	IO::AIO::munlockall
213		280
214	=head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS	281	=head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS
215		282
216	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall	283	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
217	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,	284	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
218	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument	285	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
219	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with	286	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
220	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike	287	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike
221	perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given	288	perl, which usually delivers "false") as its sole argument after the given
222	syscall has been executed asynchronously.	289	syscall has been executed asynchronously.
223		290
224	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle	291	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
225	internally until the request has finished.	292	internally until the request has finished.
226		293
227	All functions return request objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow	294	All functions return request objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow
228	further manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.	295	further manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.
229		296
230	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and	297	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<should> be absolute. The
231	encoded as octets. The reason for the former is that at the time the	298	reason for this is that at the time the request is being executed, the
232	request is being executed, the current working directory could have	299	current working directory could have changed. Alternatively, you can make
233	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the	300	sure that you never change the current working directory anywhere in
234	current working directory anywhere in the program and then use relative	301	the program and then use relative paths. Lastly, you can take advantage
235	paths.	302	of IO::AIOs working directory abstraction - see the description of the
		303	C<IO::AIO::WD> class later in this document.
236		304
237	To encode pathnames as octets, either make sure you either: a) always pass	305	To encode pathnames as octets, either make sure you either: a) always pass
238	in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir etc.) without	306	in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir etc.) without
239	tinkering, b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode	307	tinkering, b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode
240	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user	308	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
241	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)	309	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
242	use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.	310	use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.
243		311
244	This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO	312	This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO
245	handles correctly wether it is set or not.	313	handles correctly whether it is set or not.
246		314
247	=over 4	315	=over 4
248		316
249	=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]	317	=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
250		318
…		…
270	aio_read $_[0], ..., sub {	338	aio_read $_[0], ..., sub {
271	...	339	...
272	};	340	};
273	};	341	};
274		342
		343
275	=item aioreq_nice $pri_adjust	344	=item aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
276		345
277	Similar to C<aioreq_pri>, but subtracts the given value from the current	346	Similar to C<aioreq_pri>, but subtracts the given value from the current
278	priority, so the effect is cumulative.	347	priority, so the effect is cumulative.
		348
279		349
280	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)	350	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
281		351
282	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly	352	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly
283	created filehandle for the file.	353	created filehandle for the file.
…		…
289	list. They are the same as used by C<sysopen>.	359	list. They are the same as used by C<sysopen>.
290		360
291	Likewise, C<$mode> specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it	361	Likewise, C<$mode> specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it
292	didn't exist and C<O_CREAT> has been given, just like perl's C<sysopen>,	362	didn't exist and C<O_CREAT> has been given, just like perl's C<sysopen>,
293	except that it is mandatory (i.e. use C<0> if you don't create new files,	363	except that it is mandatory (i.e. use C<0> if you don't create new files,
294	and C<0666> or C<0777> if you do).	364	and C<0666> or C<0777> if you do). Note that the C<$mode> will be modified
		365	by the umask in effect then the request is being executed, so better never
		366	change the umask.
295		367
296	Example:	368	Example:
297		369
298	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	370	aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
299	if ($_[0]) {	371	if ($_[0]) {
300	print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n";	372	print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n";
301	...	373	...
302	} else {	374	} else {
303	die "open failed: $!\n";	375	die "open failed: $!\n";
304	}	376	}
305	};	377	};
306		378
		379	In addition to all the common open modes/flags (C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>,
		380	C<O_RDWR>, C<O_CREAT>, C<O_TRUNC>, C<O_EXCL> and C<O_APPEND>), the
		381	following POSIX and non-POSIX constants are available (missing ones on
		382	your system are, as usual, C<0>):
		383
		384	C<O_ASYNC>, C<O_DIRECT>, C<O_NOATIME>, C<O_CLOEXEC>, C<O_NOCTTY>, C<O_NOFOLLOW>,
		385	C<O_NONBLOCK>, C<O_EXEC>, C<O_SEARCH>, C<O_DIRECTORY>, C<O_DSYNC>,
		386	C<O_RSYNC>, C<O_SYNC> and C<O_TTY_INIT>.
		387
		388
307	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)	389	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
308		390
309	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result	391	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result
310	code. I<WARNING:> although accepted, you should not pass in a perl	392	code.
311	filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor another
312	time when the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can safely call perls
313	C<close> or just let filehandles go out of scope.
314		393
315	This is supposed to be a bug in the API, so that might change. It's	394	Unfortunately, you can't do this to perl. Perl I<insists> very strongly on
316	therefore best to avoid this function.	395	closing the file descriptor associated with the filehandle itself.
		396
		397	Therefore, C<aio_close> will not close the filehandle - instead it will
		398	use dup2 to overwrite the file descriptor with the write-end of a pipe
		399	(the pipe fd will be created on demand and will be cached).
		400
		401	Or in other words: the file descriptor will be closed, but it will not be
		402	free for reuse until the perl filehandle is closed.
		403
		404	=cut
317		405
318	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)	406	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
319		407
320	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)	408	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
321		409
322	Reads or writes C<length> bytes from the specified C<fh> and C<offset>	410	Reads or writes C<$length> bytes from or to the specified C<$fh> and
323	into the scalar given by C<data> and offset C<dataoffset> and calls the	411	C<$offset> into the scalar given by C<$data> and offset C<$dataoffset>
324	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just	412	and calls the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on
325	like the syscall).	413	error, just like the syscall).
		414
		415	C<aio_read> will, like C<sysread>, shrink or grow the C<$data> scalar to
		416	offset plus the actual number of bytes read.
		417
		418	If C<$offset> is undefined, then the current file descriptor offset will
		419	be used (and updated), otherwise the file descriptor offset will not be
		420	changed by these calls.
		421
		422	If C<$length> is undefined in C<aio_write>, use the remaining length of
		423	C<$data>.
		424
		425	If C<$dataoffset> is less than zero, it will be counted from the end of
		426	C<$data>.
326		427
327	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request	428	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request
328	is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or WW3 (if the	429	is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or World War III (if
329	necessary/optional hardware is installed).	430	the necessary/optional hardware is installed).
330		431
331	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, starting at	432	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, starting at
332	offset C<0> within the scalar:	433	offset C<0> within the scalar:
333		434
334	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {	435	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {
335	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";	436	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
336	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";	437	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";
337	};	438	};
338		439
		440
339	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)	441	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
340		442
341	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts	443	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts
342	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current	444	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current
343	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more	445	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more
344	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each	446	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each
345	other.	447	other. The same C<$in_fh> works fine though, as this function does not
		448	move or use the file offset of C<$in_fh>.
346		449
		450	Please note that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from C<$in_fh> than
		451	are written, and there is no way to find out how many more bytes have been
		452	read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only provides the
		453	number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result value equals
		454	C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been read.
		455
		456	Unlike with other C<aio_> functions, it makes a lot of sense to use
		457	C<aio_sendfile> on non-blocking sockets, as long as one end (typically
		458	the C<$in_fh>) is a file - the file I/O will then be asynchronous, while
		459	the socket I/O will be non-blocking. Note, however, that you can run
		460	into a trap where C<aio_sendfile> reads some data with readahead, then
		461	fails to write all data, and when the socket is ready the next time, the
		462	data in the cache is already lost, forcing C<aio_sendfile> to again hit
		463	the disk. Explicit C<aio_read> + C<aio_write> let's you better control
		464	resource usage.
		465
347	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide	466	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile>-like syscall to
348	zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a	467	provide zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to
349	socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to mmap'able file.	468	a socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to an mmap'able file.
350		469
351	If the native sendfile call fails or is not implemented, it will be	470	If a native sendfile cannot be found or it fails with C<ENOSYS>,
352	emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of filehandle	471	C<EINVAL>, C<ENOTSUP>, C<EOPNOTSUPP>, C<EAFNOSUPPORT>, C<EPROTOTYPE> or
		472	C<ENOTSOCK>, it will be emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any
353	regardless of the limitations of the operating system.	473	type of filehandle regardless of the limitations of the operating system.
354		474
355	Please note, however, that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from	475	As native sendfile syscalls (as practically any non-POSIX interface hacked
356	C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many	476	together in a hurry to improve benchmark numbers) tend to be rather buggy
357	bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only	477	on many systems, this implementation tries to work around some known bugs
358	provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result	478	in Linux and FreeBSD kernels (probably others, too), but that might fail,
359	value equals C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been	479	so you really really should check the return value of C<aio_sendfile> -
360	read.	480	fewre bytes than expected might have been transferred.
		481
361		482
362	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)	483	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
363		484
364	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that	485	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that
365	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>	486	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>
…		…
371	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.	492	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.
372		493
373	If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it will be	494	If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it will be
374	emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect.	495	emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect.
375		496
		497
376	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)	498	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
377		499
378	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)	500	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
379		501
380	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will	502	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will
…		…
385	for an explanation.	507	for an explanation.
386		508
387	Currently, the stats are always 64-bit-stats, i.e. instead of returning an	509	Currently, the stats are always 64-bit-stats, i.e. instead of returning an
388	error when stat'ing a large file, the results will be silently truncated	510	error when stat'ing a large file, the results will be silently truncated
389	unless perl itself is compiled with large file support.	511	unless perl itself is compiled with large file support.
		512
		513	To help interpret the mode and dev/rdev stat values, IO::AIO offers the
		514	following constants and functions (if not implemented, the constants will
		515	be C<0> and the functions will either C<croak> or fall back on traditional
		516	behaviour).
		517
		518	C<S_IFMT>, C<S_IFIFO>, C<S_IFCHR>, C<S_IFBLK>, C<S_IFLNK>, C<S_IFREG>,
		519	C<S_IFDIR>, C<S_IFWHT>, C<S_IFSOCK>, C<IO::AIO::major $dev_t>,
		520	C<IO::AIO::minor $dev_t>, C<IO::AIO::makedev $major, $minor>.
390		521
391	Example: Print the length of F</etc/passwd>:	522	Example: Print the length of F</etc/passwd>:
392		523
393	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {	524	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {
394	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";	525	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";
395	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";	526	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";
396	};	527	};
397		528
		529
		530	=item aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs)
		531
		532	Works like the POSIX C<statvfs> or C<fstatvfs> syscalls, depending on
		533	whether a file handle or path was passed.
		534
		535	On success, the callback is passed a hash reference with the following
		536	members: C<bsize>, C<frsize>, C<blocks>, C<bfree>, C<bavail>, C<files>,
		537	C<ffree>, C<favail>, C<fsid>, C<flag> and C<namemax>. On failure, C<undef>
		538	is passed.
		539
		540	The following POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* constants are defined: C<ST_RDONLY> and
		541	C<ST_NOSUID>.
		542
		543	The following non-POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* flag masks are defined to
		544	their correct value when available, or to C<0> on systems that do
		545	not support them: C<ST_NODEV>, C<ST_NOEXEC>, C<ST_SYNCHRONOUS>,
		546	C<ST_MANDLOCK>, C<ST_WRITE>, C<ST_APPEND>, C<ST_IMMUTABLE>, C<ST_NOATIME>,
		547	C<ST_NODIRATIME> and C<ST_RELATIME>.
		548
		549	Example: stat C</wd> and dump out the data if successful.
		550
		551	aio_statvfs "/wd", sub {
		552	my $f = $_[0]
		553	or die "statvfs: $!";
		554
		555	use Data::Dumper;
		556	say Dumper $f;
		557	};
		558
		559	# result:
		560	{
		561	bsize => 1024,
		562	bfree => 4333064312,
		563	blocks => 10253828096,
		564	files => 2050765568,
		565	flag => 4096,
		566	favail => 2042092649,
		567	bavail => 4333064312,
		568	ffree => 2042092649,
		569	namemax => 255,
		570	frsize => 1024,
		571	fsid => 1810
		572	}
		573
		574
		575	=item aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
		576
		577	Works like perl's C<utime> function (including the special case of $atime
		578	and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if the underlying
		579	syscalls support them.
		580
		581	When called with a pathname, uses utimes(2) if available, otherwise
		582	utime(2). If called on a file descriptor, uses futimes(2) if available,
		583	otherwise returns ENOSYS, so this is not portable.
		584
		585	Examples:
		586
		587	# set atime and mtime to current time (basically touch(1)):
		588	aio_utime "path", undef, undef;
		589	# set atime to current time and mtime to beginning of the epoch:
		590	aio_utime "path", time, undef; # undef==0
		591
		592
		593	=item aio_chown $fh_or_path, $uid, $gid, $callback->($status)
		594
		595	Works like perl's C<chown> function, except that C<undef> for either $uid
		596	or $gid is being interpreted as "do not change" (but -1 can also be used).
		597
		598	Examples:
		599
		600	# same as "chown root path" in the shell:
		601	aio_chown "path", 0, -1;
		602	# same as above:
		603	aio_chown "path", 0, undef;
		604
		605
		606	=item aio_truncate $fh_or_path, $offset, $callback->($status)
		607
		608	Works like truncate(2) or ftruncate(2).
		609
		610
		611	=item aio_chmod $fh_or_path, $mode, $callback->($status)
		612
		613	Works like perl's C<chmod> function.
		614
		615
398	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)	616	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
399		617
400	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the	618	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the
401	result code.	619	result code.
402		620
		621
403	=item aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)	622	=item aio_mknod $pathname, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
404		623
405	[EXPERIMENTAL]	624	[EXPERIMENTAL]
406		625
407	Asynchronously create a device node (or fifo). See mknod(2).	626	Asynchronously create a device node (or fifo). See mknod(2).
408		627
409	The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:	628	The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:
410		629
411	aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO | $mode, 0, sub { ...	630	aio_mknod $pathname, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO | $mode, 0, sub { ...
		631
		632	See C<aio_stat> for info about some potentially helpful extra constants
		633	and functions.
412		634
413	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	635	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
414		636
415	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	637	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
416	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	638	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
417		639
		640
418	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	641	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
419		642
420	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	643	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
421	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	644	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
422		645
		646
423	=item aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link)	647	=item aio_readlink $pathname, $callback->($link)
424		648
425	Asynchronously read the symlink specified by C<$path> and pass it to	649	Asynchronously read the symlink specified by C<$path> and pass it to
426	the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to the	650	the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to the
427	callback.	651	callback.
428		652
		653
		654	=item aio_realpath $pathname, $callback->($path)
		655
		656	Asynchronously make the path absolute and resolve any symlinks in
		657	C<$path>. The resulting path only consists of directories (Same as
		658	L<Cwd::realpath>).
		659
		660	This request can be used to get the absolute path of the current working
		661	directory by passing it a path of F<.> (a single dot).
		662
		663
429	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	664	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
430		665
431	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as	666	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as
432	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.	667	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
433		668
		669
		670	=item aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status)
		671
		672	Asynchronously mkdir (create) a directory and call the callback with
		673	the result code. C<$mode> will be modified by the umask at the time the
		674	request is executed, so do not change your umask.
		675
		676
434	=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)	677	=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
435		678
436	Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the	679	Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the
437	result code.	680	result code.
		681
438		682
439	=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)	683	=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
440		684
441	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire	685	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire
442	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be	686	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be
443	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.	687	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
444		688
445	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref	689	The callback is passed a single argument which is either C<undef> or an
446	with the filenames.	690	array-ref with the filenames.
		691
		692
		693	=item aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
		694
		695	Quite similar to C<aio_readdir>, but the C<$flags> argument allows one to
		696	tune behaviour and output format. In case of an error, C<$entries> will be
		697	C<undef>.
		698
		699	The flags are a combination of the following constants, ORed together (the
		700	flags will also be passed to the callback, possibly modified):
		701
		702	=over 4
		703
		704	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS
		705
		706	When this flag is off, then the callback gets an arrayref consisting of
		707	names only (as with C<aio_readdir>), otherwise it gets an arrayref with
		708	C<[$name, $type, $inode]> arrayrefs, each describing a single directory
		709	entry in more detail.
		710
		711	C<$name> is the name of the entry.
		712
		713	C<$type> is one of the C<IO::AIO::DT_xxx> constants:
		714
		715	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>, C<IO::AIO::DT_FIFO>, C<IO::AIO::DT_CHR>, C<IO::AIO::DT_DIR>,
		716	C<IO::AIO::DT_BLK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_REG>, C<IO::AIO::DT_LNK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_SOCK>,
		717	C<IO::AIO::DT_WHT>.
		718
		719	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN> means just that: readdir does not know. If you need to
		720	know, you have to run stat yourself. Also, for speed reasons, the C<$type>
		721	scalars are read-only: you can not modify them.
		722
		723	C<$inode> is the inode number (which might not be exact on systems with 64
		724	bit inode numbers and 32 bit perls). This field has unspecified content on
		725	systems that do not deliver the inode information.
		726
		727	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
		728
		729	When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order where
		730	likely directories come first, in optimal stat order. This is useful when
		731	you need to quickly find directories, or you want to find all directories
		732	while avoiding to stat() each entry.
		733
		734	If the system returns type information in readdir, then this is used
		735	to find directories directly. Otherwise, likely directories are names
		736	beginning with ".", or otherwise names with no dots, of which names with
		737	short names are tried first.
		738
		739	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER
		740
		741	When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order
		742	suitable for stat()'ing each one. That is, when you plan to stat()
		743	all files in the given directory, then the returned order will likely
		744	be fastest.
		745
		746	If both this flag and C<IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST> are specified, then
		747	the likely dirs come first, resulting in a less optimal stat order.
		748
		749	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
		750
		751	This flag should not be set when calling C<aio_readdirx>. Instead, it
		752	is being set by C<aio_readdirx>, when any of the C<$type>'s found were
		753	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>. The absence of this flag therefore indicates that all
		754	C<$type>'s are known, which can be used to speed up some algorithms.
		755
		756	=back
		757
		758
		759	=item aio_load $pathname, $data, $callback->($status)
		760
		761	This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into
		762	memory. Status is the same as with aio_read.
		763
		764	=cut
		765
		766	sub aio_load($$;$) {
		767	my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_;
		768	my $data = \$_[1];
		769
		770	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		771	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		772
		773	aioreq_pri $pri;
		774	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		775	my $fh = shift
		776	or return $grp->result (-1);
		777
		778	aioreq_pri $pri;
		779	add $grp aio_read $fh, 0, (-s $fh), $$data, 0, sub {
		780	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		781	};
		782	};
		783
		784	$grp
		785	}
447		786
448	=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	787	=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
449		788
450	Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or	789	Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
451	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with	790	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
452	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.	791	a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>).
453		792
454	This is a composite request that it creates the destination file with	793	This is a composite request that creates the destination file with
455	mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using	794	mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using
456	C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and	795	C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and
457	uid/gid, in that order.	796	uid/gid, in that order.
458		797
459	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if	798	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
…		…
469	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	808	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
470		809
471	aioreq_pri $pri;	810	aioreq_pri $pri;
472	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	811	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
473	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {	812	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
474	my @stat = stat $src_fh;	813	my @stat = stat $src_fh; # hmm, might block over nfs?
475		814
476	aioreq_pri $pri;	815	aioreq_pri $pri;
477	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {	816	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {
478	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {	817	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
479	aioreq_pri $pri;	818	aioreq_pri $pri;
480	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {	819	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
481	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {	820	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
482	$grp->result (0);	821	$grp->result (0);
483	close $src_fh;	822	close $src_fh;
484		823
485	# those should not normally block. should. should.	824	my $ch = sub {
		825	aioreq_pri $pri;
		826	add $grp aio_chmod $dst_fh, $stat[2] & 07777, sub {
		827	aioreq_pri $pri;
		828	add $grp aio_chown $dst_fh, $stat[4], $stat[5], sub {
		829	aioreq_pri $pri;
		830	add $grp aio_close $dst_fh;
		831	}
		832	};
		833	};
		834
		835	aioreq_pri $pri;
		836	add $grp aio_utime $dst_fh, $stat[8], $stat[9], sub {
		837	if ($_[0] < 0 && $! == ENOSYS) {
		838	aioreq_pri $pri;
486	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;	839	add $grp aio_utime $dst, $stat[8], $stat[9], $ch;
487	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;	840	} else {
488	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;	841	$ch->();
		842	}
489	close $dst_fh;	843	};
490	} else {	844	} else {
491	$grp->result (-1);	845	$grp->result (-1);
492	close $src_fh;	846	close $src_fh;
493	close $dst_fh;	847	close $dst_fh;
494		848
…		…
511		865
512	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	866	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
513		867
514	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or	868	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
515	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with	869	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
516	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.	870	a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>).
517		871
518	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If	872	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first; if
519	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if	873	rename fails with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if
520	that is successful, unlinking the C<$srcpath>.	874	that is successful, unlinks the C<$srcpath>.
521		875
522	=cut	876	=cut
523		877
524	sub aio_move($$;$) {	878	sub aio_move($$;$) {
525	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;	879	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
…		…
532	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {	886	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
533	aioreq_pri $pri;	887	aioreq_pri $pri;
534	add $grp aio_copy $src, $dst, sub {	888	add $grp aio_copy $src, $dst, sub {
535	$grp->result ($_[0]);	889	$grp->result ($_[0]);
536		890
537	if (!$_[0]) {	891	unless ($_[0]) {
538	aioreq_pri $pri;	892	aioreq_pri $pri;
539	add $grp aio_unlink $src;	893	add $grp aio_unlink $src;
540	}	894	}
541	};	895	};
542	} else {	896	} else {
…		…
545	};	899	};
546		900
547	$grp	901	$grp
548	}	902	}
549		903
550	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)	904	=item aio_scandir $pathname, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
551		905
552	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to	906	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
553	efficiently separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of	907	efficiently separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of
554	names, directories you can recurse into (directories), and ones you cannot	908	names, directories you can recurse into (directories), and ones you cannot
555	recurse into (everything else, including symlinks to directories).	909	recurse into (everything else, including symlinks to directories).
…		…
572		926
573	Implementation notes.	927	Implementation notes.
574		928
575	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.	929	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.
576		930
		931	If readdir returns file type information, then this is used directly to
		932	find directories.
		933
577	After reading the directory, the modification time, size etc. of the	934	Otherwise, after reading the directory, the modification time, size etc.
578	directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they match (and	935	of the directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they
579	isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide how many	936	match (and isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide
580	entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the number	937	how many entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the
581	of subdirectories will be assumed.	938	number of subdirectories will be assumed.
582		939
583	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories (everything without	940	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories a non-initial dot
584	a non-initial dot currently) and likely non-directories (everything	941	currently) and likely non-directories (see C<aio_readdirx>). Then every
585	else). Then every entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed,	942	entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed, likely directories first,
586	likely directories first. If that succeeds, it assumes that the entry	943	in order of their inode numbers. If that succeeds, it assumes that the
587	is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked	944	entry is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked
588	seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because	945	separately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because
589	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode	946	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode
590	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature).	947	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature), even on systems that cannot return
		948	the filetype information on readdir.
591		949
592	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the	950	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the
593	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.	951	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.
594		952
595	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which	953	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which
…		…
599	as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which disables the	957	as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which disables the
600	directory counting heuristic.	958	directory counting heuristic.
601		959
602	=cut	960	=cut
603		961
604	sub aio_scandir($$$) {	962	sub aio_scandir($$;$) {
605	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;	963	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
606		964
607	my $pri = aioreq_pri;	965	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
608		966
609	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	967	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
…		…
617	my $now = time;	975	my $now = time;
618	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	976	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
619		977
620	# read the directory entries	978	# read the directory entries
621	aioreq_pri $pri;	979	aioreq_pri $pri;
622	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {	980	add $grp aio_readdirx $path, READDIR_DIRS_FIRST, sub {
623	my $entries = shift	981	my $entries = shift
624	or return $grp->result ();	982	or return $grp->result ();
625		983
626	# stat the dir another time	984	# stat the dir another time
627	aioreq_pri $pri;	985	aioreq_pri $pri;
…		…
633	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy	991	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy
634	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {	992	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {
635	$ndirs = -1;	993	$ndirs = -1;
636	} else {	994	} else {
637	# if nlink == 2, we are finished	995	# if nlink == 2, we are finished
638	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2	996	# for non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2
639	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2	997	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2
640	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);	998	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);
641	}	999	}
642		1000
643	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs
644	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first
645	$entries = [map $_->[0],
646	sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }
647	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
648	@$entries];
649
650	my (@dirs, @nondirs);	1001	my (@dirs, @nondirs);
651		1002
652	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {	1003	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {
653	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);	1004	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
654	};	1005	};
655		1006
656	limit $statgrp $maxreq;	1007	limit $statgrp $maxreq;
657	feed $statgrp sub {	1008	feed $statgrp sub {
658	return unless @$entries;	1009	return unless @$entries;
659	my $entry = pop @$entries;	1010	my $entry = shift @$entries;
660		1011
661	aioreq_pri $pri;	1012	aioreq_pri $pri;
662	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {	1013	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {
663	if ($_[0] < 0) {	1014	if ($_[0] < 0) {
664	push @nondirs, $entry;	1015	push @nondirs, $entry;
…		…
685	};	1036	};
686		1037
687	$grp	1038	$grp
688	}	1039	}
689		1040
		1041	=item aio_rmtree $pathname, $callback->($status)
		1042
		1043	Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the
		1044	status of the final C<rmdir> only. This is a composite request that
		1045	uses C<aio_scandir> to recurse into and rmdir directories, and unlink
		1046	everything else.
		1047
		1048	=cut
		1049
		1050	sub aio_rmtree;
		1051	sub aio_rmtree($;$) {
		1052	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
		1053
		1054	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		1055	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		1056
		1057	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1058	add $grp aio_scandir $path, 0, sub {
		1059	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;
		1060
		1061	my $dirgrp = aio_group sub {
		1062	add $grp aio_rmdir $path, sub {
		1063	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		1064	};
		1065	};
		1066
		1067	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_rmtree "$path/$_" for @$dirs;
		1068	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_unlink "$path/$_" for @$nondirs;
		1069
		1070	add $grp $dirgrp;
		1071	};
		1072
		1073	$grp
		1074	}
		1075
		1076	=item aio_sync $callback->($status)
		1077
		1078	Asynchronously call sync and call the callback when finished.
		1079
690	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)	1080	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
691		1081
692	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback	1082	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback
693	with the fsync result code.	1083	with the fsync result code.
694		1084
…		…
697	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the	1087	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the
698	callback with the fdatasync result code.	1088	callback with the fdatasync result code.
699		1089
700	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be	1090	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
701	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.	1091	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
		1092
		1093	=item aio_syncfs $fh, $callback->($status)
		1094
		1095	Asynchronously call the syncfs syscall to sync the filesystem associated
		1096	to the given filehandle and call the callback with the syncfs result
		1097	code. If syncfs is not available, calls sync(), but returns C<-1> and sets
		1098	errno to C<ENOSYS> nevertheless.
		1099
		1100	=item aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
		1101
		1102	Sync the data portion of the file specified by C<$offset> and C<$length>
		1103	to disk (but NOT the metadata), by calling the Linux-specific
		1104	sync_file_range call. If sync_file_range is not available or it returns
		1105	ENOSYS, then fdatasync or fsync is being substituted.
		1106
		1107	C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE>,
		1108	C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE> and
		1109	C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER>: refer to the sync_file_range
		1110	manpage for details.
		1111
		1112	=item aio_pathsync $pathname, $callback->($status)
		1113
		1114	This request tries to open, fsync and close the given path. This is a
		1115	composite request intended to sync directories after directory operations
		1116	(E.g. rename). This might not work on all operating systems or have any
		1117	specific effect, but usually it makes sure that directory changes get
		1118	written to disc. It works for anything that can be opened for read-only,
		1119	not just directories.
		1120
		1121	Future versions of this function might fall back to other methods when
		1122	C<fsync> on the directory fails (such as calling C<sync>).
		1123
		1124	Passes C<0> when everything went ok, and C<-1> on error.
		1125
		1126	=cut
		1127
		1128	sub aio_pathsync($;$) {
		1129	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
		1130
		1131	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		1132	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		1133
		1134	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1135	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		1136	my ($fh) = @_;
		1137	if ($fh) {
		1138	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1139	add $grp aio_fsync $fh, sub {
		1140	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		1141
		1142	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1143	add $grp aio_close $fh;
		1144	};
		1145	} else {
		1146	$grp->result (-1);
		1147	}
		1148	};
		1149
		1150	$grp
		1151	}
		1152
		1153	=item aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		1154
		1155	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which only works on mmap(2)ed
		1156	scalars (see the C<IO::AIO::mmap> function, although it also works on data
		1157	scalars managed by the L<Sys::Mmap> or L<Mmap> modules, note that the
		1158	scalar must only be modified in-place while an aio operation is pending on
		1159	it).
		1160
		1161	It calls the C<msync> function of your OS, if available, with the memory
		1162	area starting at C<$offset> in the string and ending C<$length> bytes
		1163	later. If C<$length> is negative, counts from the end, and if C<$length>
		1164	is C<undef>, then it goes till the end of the string. The flags can be
		1165	a combination of C<IO::AIO::MS_ASYNC>, C<IO::AIO::MS_INVALIDATE> and
		1166	C<IO::AIO::MS_SYNC>.
		1167
		1168	=item aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		1169
		1170	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed
		1171	scalars.
		1172
		1173	It touches (reads or writes) all memory pages in the specified
		1174	range inside the scalar. All caveats and parameters are the same
		1175	as for C<aio_msync>, above, except for flags, which must be either
		1176	C<0> (which reads all pages and ensures they are instantiated) or
		1177	C<IO::AIO::MT_MODIFY>, which modifies the memory page s(by reading and
		1178	writing an octet from it, which dirties the page).
		1179
		1180	=item aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status)
		1181
		1182	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed
		1183	scalars.
		1184
		1185	It reads in all the pages of the underlying storage into memory (if any)
		1186	and locks them, so they are not getting swapped/paged out or removed.
		1187
		1188	If C<$length> is undefined, then the scalar will be locked till the end.
		1189
		1190	On systems that do not implement C<mlock>, this function returns C<-1>
		1191	and sets errno to C<ENOSYS>.
		1192
		1193	Note that the corresponding C<munlock> is synchronous and is
		1194	documented under L<MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS>.
		1195
		1196	Example: open a file, mmap and mlock it - both will be undone when
		1197	C<$data> gets destroyed.
		1198
		1199	open my $fh, "<", $path or die "$path: $!";
		1200	my $data;
		1201	IO::AIO::mmap $data, -s $fh, IO::AIO::PROT_READ, IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED, $fh;
		1202	aio_mlock $data; # mlock in background
		1203
		1204	=item aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status)
		1205
		1206	Calls the C<mlockall> function with the given C<$flags> (a combination of
		1207	C<IO::AIO::MCL_CURRENT> and C<IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE>).
		1208
		1209	On systems that do not implement C<mlockall>, this function returns C<-1>
		1210	and sets errno to C<ENOSYS>.
		1211
		1212	Note that the corresponding C<munlockall> is synchronous and is
		1213	documented under L<MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS>.
		1214
		1215	Example: asynchronously lock all current and future pages into memory.
		1216
		1217	aio_mlockall IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE;
702		1218
703	=item aio_group $callback->(...)	1219	=item aio_group $callback->(...)
704		1220
705	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a	1221	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
706	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle	1222	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
…		…
744	immense (it blocks a thread for a long time) so do not use this function	1260	immense (it blocks a thread for a long time) so do not use this function
745	except to put your application under artificial I/O pressure.	1261	except to put your application under artificial I/O pressure.
746		1262
747	=back	1263	=back
748		1264
		1265
		1266	=head2 IO::AIO::WD - multiple working directories
		1267
		1268	Your process only has one current working directory, which is used by all
		1269	threads. This makes it hard to use relative paths (some other component
		1270	could call C<chdir> at any time, and it is hard to control when the path
		1271	will be used by IO::AIO).
		1272
		1273	One solution for this is to always use absolute paths. This usually works,
		1274	but can be quite slow (the kernel has to walk the whole path on every
		1275	access), and can also be a hassle to implement.
		1276
		1277	Newer POSIX systems have a number of functions (openat, fdopendir,
		1278	futimensat and so on) that make it possible to specify working directories
		1279	per operation.
		1280
		1281	For portability, and because the clowns who "designed", or shall I write,
		1282	perpetrated this new interface were obviously half-drunk, this abstraction
		1283	cannot be perfect, though.
		1284
		1285	IO::AIO allows you to convert directory paths into a so-called IO::AIO::WD
		1286	object. This object stores the canonicalised, absolute version of the
		1287	path, and on systems that allow it, also a directory file descriptor.
		1288
		1289	Everywhere where a pathname is accepted by IO::AIO (e.g. in C<aio_stat>
		1290	or C<aio_unlink>), one can specify an array reference with an IO::AIO::WD
		1291	object and a pathname instead. If the pathname is absolute, the
		1292	IO::AIO::WD objetc is ignored, otherwise the pathname is resolved relative
		1293	to that IO::AIO::WD object.
		1294
		1295	For example, to get a wd object for F</etc> and then stat F<passwd>
		1296	inside, you would write:
		1297
		1298	aio_wd "/etc", sub {
		1299	my $etcdir = shift;
		1300
		1301	# although $etcdir can be undef on error, there is generally no reason
		1302	# to check for errors here, as aio_stat will fail with ENOENT
		1303	# when $etcdir is undef.
		1304
		1305	aio_stat [$etcdir, "passwd"], sub {
		1306	# yay
		1307	};
		1308	};
		1309
		1310	This shows that creating an IO::AIO::WD object is itself a potentially
		1311	blocking operation, which is why it is done asynchronously.
		1312
		1313	As with normal pathnames, IO::AIO keeps a copy of the working directory
		1314	object and the pathname string, so you could write the following without
		1315	causing any issues due to C<$path> getting reused:
		1316
		1317	my $path = [$wd, undef];
		1318
		1319	for my $name (qw(abc def ghi)) {
		1320	$path->[1] = $name;
		1321	aio_stat $path, sub {
		1322	# ...
		1323	};
		1324	}
		1325
		1326	There are some caveats: when directories get renamed (or deleted), the
		1327	pathname string doesn't change, so will point to the new directory (or
		1328	nowhere at all), while the directory fd, if available on the system,
		1329	will still point to the original directory. Most functions accepting a
		1330	pathname will use the directory fd on newer systems, and the string on
		1331	older systems. Some functions (such as realpath) will always rely on the
		1332	string form of the pathname.
		1333
		1334	So this fucntionality is mainly useful to get some protection against
		1335	C<chdir>, to easily get an absolute path out of a relative path for future
		1336	reference, and to speed up doing many operations in the same directory
		1337	(e.g. when stat'ing all files in a directory).
		1338
		1339	The following functions implement this working directory abstraction:
		1340
		1341	=over 4
		1342
		1343	=item aio_wd $pathname, $callback->($wd)
		1344
		1345	Asynchonously canonicalise the given pathname and convert it to an
		1346	IO::AIO::WD object representing it. If possible and supported on the
		1347	system, also open a directory fd to speed up pathname resolution relative
		1348	to this working directory.
		1349
		1350	If something goes wrong, then C<undef> is passwd to the callback instead
		1351	of a working directory object and C<$!> is set appropriately. Since
		1352	passing C<undef> as working directory component of a pathname fails the
		1353	request with C<ENOENT>, there is often no need for error checking in the
		1354	C<aio_wd> callback, as future requests using the value will fail in the
		1355	expected way.
		1356
		1357	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
		1358	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
		1359
		1360	=item IO::AIO::CWD
		1361
		1362	This is a compiletime constant (object) that represents the process
		1363	current working directory.
		1364
		1365	Specifying this object as working directory object for a pathname is as
		1366	if the pathname would be specified directly, without a directory object,
		1367	e.g., these calls are functionally identical:
		1368
		1369	aio_stat "somefile", sub { ... };
		1370	aio_stat [IO::AIO::CWD, "somefile"], sub { ... };
		1371
		1372	=back
		1373
		1374
749	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS	1375	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS
750		1376
751	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when	1377	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when
752	called in non-void context.	1378	called in non-void context.
753		1379
…		…
756	=item cancel $req	1382	=item cancel $req
757		1383
758	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution	1384	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution
759	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when	1385	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when
760	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise	1386	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise
761	untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be	1387	untouched (with the exception of readdir). That means that requests that
762	stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.	1388	currently execute will not be stopped and resources held by the request
		1389	will not be freed prematurely.
763		1390
764	=item cb $req $callback->(...)	1391	=item cb $req $callback->(...)
765		1392
766	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.	1393	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.
767		1394
…		…
818	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they	1445	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
819	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the	1446	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
820	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to	1447	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
821	exist.	1448	exist.
822		1449
823	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests. And	1450	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests
824	in the callbacks of those requests, you can add further requests to the	1451	(precisely before the callback has been invoked, which is only done within
825	group. And only when all those requests have finished will the the group	1452	the C<poll_cb>). And in the callbacks of those requests, you can add
826	itself finish.	1453	further requests to the group. And only when all those requests have
		1454	finished will the the group itself finish.
827		1455
828	=over 4	1456	=over 4
829		1457
830	=item add $grp ...	1458	=item add $grp ...
831		1459
…		…
840	=item $grp->cancel_subs	1468	=item $grp->cancel_subs
841		1469
842	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request	1470	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request
843	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.	1471	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.
844		1472
		1473	The group request will finish normally (you cannot add requests to the
		1474	group).
		1475
845	=item $grp->result (...)	1476	=item $grp->result (...)
846		1477
847	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all	1478	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
848	subrequests have finished and set thre groups errno to the current value	1479	subrequests have finished and set the groups errno to the current value
849	of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default,	1480	of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default,
850	no argument will be passed and errno is zero.	1481	no argument will be passed and errno is zero.
851		1482
852	=item $grp->errno ([$errno])	1483	=item $grp->errno ([$errno])
853		1484
…		…
864	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)	1495	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
865		1496
866	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached	1497	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
867	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,	1498	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
868	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,	1499	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
869	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For	1500	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For example,
870	example, C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat>	1501	C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat> requests,
871	requests, delaying any later requests for a long time.	1502	delaying any later requests for a long time.
872		1503
873	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can	1504	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can
874	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The	1505	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The
875	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,	1506	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,
876	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more	1507	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more
…		…
880	not impose any limits).	1511	not impose any limits).
881		1512
882	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be	1513	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be
883	automatically removed from the group.	1514	automatically removed from the group.
884		1515
885	If the feed limit is C<0>, it will be set to C<2> automatically.	1516	If the feed limit is C<0> when this method is called, it will be set to
		1517	C<2> automatically.
886		1518
887	Example:	1519	Example:
888		1520
889	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:	1521	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:
890		1522
…		…
902	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever	1534	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever
903	the group contains less than this many requests.	1535	the group contains less than this many requests.
904		1536
905	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.	1537	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.
906		1538
		1539	The default value for the limit is C<0>, but note that setting a feeder
		1540	automatically bumps it up to C<2>.
		1541
907	=back	1542	=back
908		1543
909	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS	1544	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
910		1545
911	=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION	1546	=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
…		…
913	=over 4	1548	=over 4
914		1549
915	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno	1550	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
916		1551
917	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be	1552	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be
918	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event or	1553	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. EV, Glib,
919	select, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable you have	1554	select and so on, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable
920	to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.	1555	you have to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.
921		1556
922	See C<poll_cb> for an example.	1557	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
923		1558
924	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb	1559	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
925		1560
926	Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this	1561	Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call
927	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately	1562	this regularly. Returns C<0> if all events could be processed (or there
928	when no events are outstanding. The amount of events processed depends on	1563	were no events to process), or C<-1> if it returned earlier for whatever
929	the settings of C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.	1564	reason. Returns immediately when no events are outstanding. The amount of
		1565	events processed depends on the settings of C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and
		1566	C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.
930		1567
931	If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle	1568	If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle
932	will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns.	1569	will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns, so normally you don't have to
		1570	do anything special to have it called later.
		1571
		1572	Apart from calling C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> when the event filehandle becomes
		1573	ready, it can be beneficial to call this function from loops which submit
		1574	a lot of requests, to make sure the results get processed when they become
		1575	available and not just when the loop is finished and the event loop takes
		1576	over again. This function returns very fast when there are no outstanding
		1577	requests.
933		1578
934	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls	1579	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
935	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:	1580	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority (more examples can be found in the
		1581	SYNOPSIS section, at the top of this document):
936		1582
937	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	1583	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
938	poll => 'r', async => 1,	1584	poll => 'r', async => 1,
939	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	1585	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1586
		1587	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
		1588
		1589	If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result
		1590	phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply
		1591	does a C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to
		1592	synchronously wait for some requests to finish).
		1593
		1594	See C<nreqs> for an example.
		1595
		1596	=item IO::AIO::poll
		1597
		1598	Waits until some requests have been handled.
		1599
		1600	Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly
		1601	equivalent to:
		1602
		1603	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1604
		1605	=item IO::AIO::flush
		1606
		1607	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
		1608
		1609	Strictly equivalent to:
		1610
		1611	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1612	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
940		1613
941	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs	1614	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
942		1615
943	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds	1616	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
944		1617
…		…
969	# use a low priority so other tasks have priority	1642	# use a low priority so other tasks have priority
970	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	1643	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
971	poll => 'r', nice => 1,	1644	poll => 'r', nice => 1,
972	cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);	1645	cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);
973		1646
974	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait	1647	=back
975
976	If there are any outstanding requests, wait till the result filehandle
977	becomes ready for reading (simply does a C<select> on the filehandle. This
978	is useful if you want to synchronously wait for some requests to finish).
979
980	See C<nreqs> for an example.
981
982	=item IO::AIO::poll
983
984	Waits until some requests have been handled.
985
986	Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly
987	equivalent to:
988
989	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
990	if IO::AIO::nreqs;
991
992	=item IO::AIO::flush
993
994	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
995
996	Strictly equivalent to:
997
998	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
999	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
1000		1648
1001	=head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS	1649	=head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS
		1650
		1651	=over
1002		1652
1003	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads	1653	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
1004		1654
1005	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current	1655	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current
1006	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute	1656	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute
…		…
1034		1684
1035	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	1685	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
1036		1686
1037	=item IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads	1687	=item IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
1038		1688
1039	Limit the number of threads (default: 4) that are allowed to idle (i.e.,	1689	Limit the number of threads (default: 4) that are allowed to idle
1040	threads that did not get a request to process within 10 seconds). That	1690	(i.e., threads that did not get a request to process within the idle
1041	means if a thread becomes idle while C<$nthreads> other threads are also	1691	timeout (default: 10 seconds). That means if a thread becomes idle while
1042	idle, it will free its resources and exit.	1692	C<$nthreads> other threads are also idle, it will free its resources and
		1693	exit.
1043		1694
1044	This is useful when you allow a large number of threads (e.g. 100 or 1000)	1695	This is useful when you allow a large number of threads (e.g. 100 or 1000)
1045	to allow for extremely high load situations, but want to free resources	1696	to allow for extremely high load situations, but want to free resources
1046	under normal circumstances (1000 threads can easily consume 30MB of RAM).	1697	under normal circumstances (1000 threads can easily consume 30MB of RAM).
1047		1698
1048	The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread	1699	The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread
1049	creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might	1700	creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might
1050	want to use larger values.	1701	want to use larger values.
1051		1702
		1703	=item IO::AIO::idle_timeout $seconds
		1704
		1705	Sets the minimum idle timeout (default 10) after which worker threads are
		1706	allowed to exit. SEe C<IO::AIO::max_idle>.
		1707
1052	=item $oldmaxreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs	1708	=item IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
		1709
		1710	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If
		1711	you do queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to
		1712	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> (and other functions calling C<poll_cb>, such as
		1713	C<IO::AIO::flush> or C<IO::AIO::poll>) will block until the limit is no
		1714	longer exceeded.
		1715
		1716	In other words, this setting does not enforce a queue limit, but can be
		1717	used to make poll functions block if the limit is exceeded.
1053		1718
1054	This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it	1719	This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it
1055	blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better	1720	blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better
1056	use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.	1721	use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.
1057		1722
1058	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you	1723	It's main use is in scripts without an event loop - when you want to stat
1059	to queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to the	1724	a lot of files, you can write somehting like this:
1060	C<poll_cb> (and C<poll_some> and other functions calling C<poll_cb>)
1061	function will block until the limit is no longer exceeded.
1062		1725
1063	The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the	1726	IO::AIO::max_outstanding 32;
1064	number of outstanding requests.
1065		1727
1066	You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore,	1728	for my $path (...) {
1067	C<max_oustsanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or	1729	aio_stat $path , ...;
1068	as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values).	1730	IO::AIO::poll_cb;
		1731	}
		1732
		1733	IO::AIO::flush;
		1734
		1735	The call to C<poll_cb> inside the loop will normally return instantly, but
		1736	as soon as more thna C<32> reqeusts are in-flight, it will block until
		1737	some requests have been handled. This keeps the loop from pushing a large
		1738	number of C<aio_stat> requests onto the queue.
		1739
		1740	The default value for C<max_outstanding> is very large, so there is no
		1741	practical limit on the number of outstanding requests.
		1742
		1743	=back
1069		1744
1070	=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION	1745	=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION
		1746
		1747	=over
1071		1748
1072	=item IO::AIO::nreqs	1749	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
1073		1750
1074	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready, execute or pending	1751	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready, execute or pending
1075	states (i.e. for which their callback has not been invoked yet).	1752	states (i.e. for which their callback has not been invoked yet).
…		…
1089	Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,	1766	Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,
1090	but not yet processed by poll_cb).	1767	but not yet processed by poll_cb).
1091		1768
1092	=back	1769	=back
1093		1770
		1771	=head3 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
		1772
		1773	IO::AIO implements some functions that might be useful, but are not
		1774	asynchronous.
		1775
		1776	=over 4
		1777
		1778	=item IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
		1779
		1780	Calls the C<eio_sendfile_sync> function, which is like C<aio_sendfile>,
		1781	but is blocking (this makes most sense if you know the input data is
		1782	likely cached already and the output filehandle is set to non-blocking
		1783	operations).
		1784
		1785	Returns the number of bytes copied, or C<-1> on error.
		1786
		1787	=item IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
		1788
		1789	Simply calls the C<posix_fadvise> function (see its
		1790	manpage for details). The following advice constants are
		1791	available: C<IO::AIO::FADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_SEQUENTIAL>,
		1792	C<IO::AIO::FADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_NOREUSE>,
		1793	C<IO::AIO::FADV_WILLNEED>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_DONTNEED>.
		1794
		1795	On systems that do not implement C<posix_fadvise>, this function returns
		1796	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_fadvise>.
		1797
		1798	=item IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $len, $advice
		1799
		1800	Simply calls the C<posix_madvise> function (see its
		1801	manpage for details). The following advice constants are
		1802	available: C<IO::AIO::MADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_SEQUENTIAL>,
		1803	C<IO::AIO::MADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_WILLNEED>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_DONTNEED>.
		1804
		1805	On systems that do not implement C<posix_madvise>, this function returns
		1806	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_madvise>.
		1807
		1808	=item IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $len, $protect
		1809
		1810	Simply calls the C<mprotect> function on the preferably AIO::mmap'ed
		1811	$scalar (see its manpage for details). The following protect
		1812	constants are available: C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ>,
		1813	C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>.
		1814
		1815	On systems that do not implement C<mprotect>, this function returns
		1816	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<mprotect>.
		1817
		1818	=item IO::AIO::mmap $scalar, $length, $prot, $flags, $fh[, $offset]
		1819
		1820	Memory-maps a file (or anonymous memory range) and attaches it to the
		1821	given C<$scalar>, which will act like a string scalar.
		1822
		1823	The only operations allowed on the scalar are C<substr>/C<vec> that don't
		1824	change the string length, and most read-only operations such as copying it
		1825	or searching it with regexes and so on.
		1826
		1827	Anything else is unsafe and will, at best, result in memory leaks.
		1828
		1829	The memory map associated with the C<$scalar> is automatically removed
		1830	when the C<$scalar> is destroyed, or when the C<IO::AIO::mmap> or
		1831	C<IO::AIO::munmap> functions are called.
		1832
		1833	This calls the C<mmap>(2) function internally. See your system's manual
		1834	page for details on the C<$length>, C<$prot> and C<$flags> parameters.
		1835
		1836	The C<$length> must be larger than zero and smaller than the actual
		1837	filesize.
		1838
		1839	C<$prot> is a combination of C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>,
		1840	C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ> and/or C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>,
		1841
		1842	C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED> or
		1843	C<IO::AIO::MAP_PRIVATE>, or a number of system-specific flags (when
		1844	not available, the are defined as 0): C<IO::AIO::MAP_ANONYMOUS>
		1845	(which is set to C<MAP_ANON> if your system only provides this
		1846	constant), C<IO::AIO::MAP_HUGETLB>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_LOCKED>,
		1847	C<IO::AIO::MAP_NORESERVE>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_POPULATE> or
		1848	C<IO::AIO::MAP_NONBLOCK>
		1849
		1850	If C<$fh> is C<undef>, then a file descriptor of C<-1> is passed.
		1851
		1852	C<$offset> is the offset from the start of the file - it generally must be
		1853	a multiple of C<IO::AIO::PAGESIZE> and defaults to C<0>.
		1854
		1855	Example:
		1856
		1857	use Digest::MD5;
		1858	use IO::AIO;
		1859
		1860	open my $fh, "<verybigfile"
		1861	or die "$!";
		1862
		1863	IO::AIO::mmap my $data, -s $fh, IO::AIO::PROT_READ, IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED, $fh
		1864	or die "verybigfile: $!";
		1865
		1866	my $fast_md5 = md5 $data;
		1867
		1868	=item IO::AIO::munmap $scalar
		1869
		1870	Removes a previous mmap and undefines the C<$scalar>.
		1871
		1872	=item IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef
		1873
		1874	Calls the C<munlock> function, undoing the effects of a previous
		1875	C<aio_mlock> call (see its description for details).
		1876
		1877	=item IO::AIO::munlockall
		1878
		1879	Calls the C<munlockall> function.
		1880
		1881	On systems that do not implement C<munlockall>, this function returns
		1882	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<munlockall>.
		1883
		1884	=back
		1885
1094	=cut	1886	=cut
1095		1887
1096	# support function to convert a fd into a perl filehandle
1097	sub _fd2fh {
1098	return undef if $_[0] < 0;
1099
1100	# try to generate nice filehandles
1101	my $sym = "IO::AIO::fd#$_[0]";
1102	local *$sym;
1103
1104	open *$sym, "+<&=$_[0]" # usually works under any unix
1105	or open *$sym, "<&=$_[0]" # cygwin needs this
1106	or open *$sym, ">&=$_[0]" # or this
1107	or return undef;
1108
1109	*$sym
1110	}
1111
1112	min_parallel 8;	1888	min_parallel 8;
1113		1889
1114	END {	1890	END { flush }
1115	min_parallel 1;
1116	flush;
1117	};
1118		1891
1119	1;	1892	1;
1120		1893
		1894	=head1 EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
		1895
		1896	It is recommended to use L<AnyEvent::AIO> to integrate IO::AIO
		1897	automatically into many event loops:
		1898
		1899	# AnyEvent integration (EV, Event, Glib, Tk, POE, urxvt, pureperl...)
		1900	use AnyEvent::AIO;
		1901
		1902	You can also integrate IO::AIO manually into many event loops, here are
		1903	some examples of how to do this:
		1904
		1905	# EV integration
		1906	my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
		1907
		1908	# Event integration
		1909	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1910	poll => 'r',
		1911	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1912
		1913	# Glib/Gtk2 integration
		1914	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1915	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
		1916
		1917	# Tk integration
		1918	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
		1919	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1920
		1921	# Danga::Socket integration
		1922	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
		1923	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1924
1121	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR	1925	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR
1122		1926
1123	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:	1927	Usage of pthreads in a program changes the semantics of fork
		1928	considerably. Specifically, only async-safe functions can be called after
		1929	fork. Perl doesn't know about this, so in general, you cannot call fork
		1930	with defined behaviour in perl if pthreads are involved. IO::AIO uses
		1931	pthreads, so this applies, but many other extensions and (for inexplicable
		1932	reasons) perl itself often is linked against pthreads, so this limitation
		1933	applies to quite a lot of perls.
1124		1934
1125	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests	1935	This module no longer tries to fight your OS, or POSIX. That means IO::AIO
1126	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After	1936	only works in the process that loaded it. Forking is fully supported, but
1127	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues	1937	using IO::AIO in the child is not.
1128	request/result processing, while the child frees the request/result queue
1129	(so that the requests started before the fork will only be handled in the
1130	parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit set in the
1131	parent process has been reached again.
1132		1938
1133	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had	1939	You might get around by not I<using> IO::AIO before (or after)
1134	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used	1940	forking. You could also try to call the L<IO::AIO::reinit> function in the
1135	yet.	1941	child:
		1942
		1943	=over 4
		1944
		1945	=item IO::AIO::reinit
		1946
		1947	Abandons all current requests and I/O threads and simply reinitialises all
		1948	data structures. This is not an operation supported by any standards, but
		1949	happens to work on GNU/Linux and some newer BSD systems.
		1950
		1951	The only reasonable use for this function is to call it after forking, if
		1952	C<IO::AIO> was used in the parent. Calling it while IO::AIO is active in
		1953	the process will result in undefined behaviour. Calling it at any time
		1954	will also result in any undefined (by POSIX) behaviour.
		1955
		1956	=back
1136		1957
1137	=head2 MEMORY USAGE	1958	=head2 MEMORY USAGE
1138		1959
1139	Per-request usage:	1960	Per-request usage:
1140		1961
…		…
1142	bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly	1963	bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly
1143	a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl	1964	a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl
1144	scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and	1965	scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and
1145	will consume memory till the request has entered the done state.	1966	will consume memory till the request has entered the done state.
1146		1967
1147	This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a	1968	This is not awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a
1148	problem.	1969	problem.
1149		1970
1150	Per-thread usage:	1971	Per-thread usage:
1151		1972
1152	In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for	1973	In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for
…		…
1157		1978
1158	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.	1979	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.
1159		1980
1160	=head1 SEE ALSO	1981	=head1 SEE ALSO
1161		1982
1162	L<Coro::AIO>.	1983	L<AnyEvent::AIO> for easy integration into event loops, L<Coro::AIO> for a
		1984	more natural syntax.
1163		1985
1164	=head1 AUTHOR	1986	=head1 AUTHOR
1165		1987
1166	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	1988	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
1167	http://home.schmorp.de/	1989	http://home.schmorp.de/

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