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Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.230 by root, Fri Jul 27 17:24:06 2012 UTC vs.
Revision 1.289 by root, Sun Aug 12 05:21:35 2018 UTC

1=head1 NAME 1=head1 NAME
2 2
3IO::AIO - Asynchronous Input/Output 3IO::AIO - Asynchronous/Advanced Input/Output
4 4
5=head1 SYNOPSIS 5=head1 SYNOPSIS
6 6
7 use IO::AIO; 7 use IO::AIO;
8 8
58not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal 58not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal
59files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and 59files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and
60aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented 60aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented
61using threads anyway. 61using threads anyway.
62 62
63In addition to asynchronous I/O, this module also exports some rather
64arcane interfaces, such as C<madvise> or linux's C<splice> system call,
65which is why the C<A> in C<AIO> can also mean I<advanced>.
66
63Although the module will work in the presence of other (Perl-) threads, 67Although the module will work in the presence of other (Perl-) threads,
64it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate locking 68it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate locking
65yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never 69yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never
66call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively. 70call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
67 71
68=head2 EXAMPLE 72=head2 EXAMPLE
69 73
70This is a simple example that uses the EV module and loads 74This is a simple example that uses the EV module and loads
71F</etc/passwd> asynchronously: 75F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:
72 76
73 use Fcntl;
74 use EV; 77 use EV;
75 use IO::AIO; 78 use IO::AIO;
76 79
77 # register the IO::AIO callback with EV 80 # register the IO::AIO callback with EV
78 my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb; 81 my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
95 98
96 # file contents now in $contents 99 # file contents now in $contents
97 print $contents; 100 print $contents;
98 101
99 # exit event loop and program 102 # exit event loop and program
100 EV::unloop; 103 EV::break;
101 }; 104 };
102 }; 105 };
103 106
104 # possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows, 107 # possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,
105 # check for sockets etc. etc. 108 # check for sockets etc. etc.
106 109
107 # process events as long as there are some: 110 # process events as long as there are some:
108 EV::loop; 111 EV::run;
109 112
110=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME 113=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME
111 114
112Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not 115Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not
113directly visible to Perl. 116directly visible to Perl.
168use common::sense; 171use common::sense;
169 172
170use base 'Exporter'; 173use base 'Exporter';
171 174
172BEGIN { 175BEGIN {
173 our $VERSION = '4.15'; 176 our $VERSION = 4.5;
174 177
175 our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_seek aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close 178 our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_seek aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close
176 aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_readdirx 179 aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_readdirx
177 aio_scandir aio_symlink aio_readlink aio_realpath aio_sync 180 aio_scandir aio_symlink aio_readlink aio_realpath aio_fcntl aio_ioctl
178 aio_fsync aio_syncfs aio_fdatasync aio_sync_file_range aio_fallocate 181 aio_sync aio_fsync aio_syncfs aio_fdatasync aio_sync_file_range
179 aio_pathsync aio_readahead aio_fiemap 182 aio_pathsync aio_readahead aio_fiemap aio_allocate
180 aio_rename aio_link aio_move aio_copy aio_group 183 aio_rename aio_rename2 aio_link aio_move aio_copy aio_group
181 aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir aio_chown 184 aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir aio_chown
182 aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate 185 aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate
183 aio_msync aio_mtouch aio_mlock aio_mlockall 186 aio_msync aio_mtouch aio_mlock aio_mlockall
184 aio_statvfs 187 aio_statvfs
188 aio_slurp
185 aio_wd); 189 aio_wd);
186 190
187 our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice)); 191 our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice));
188 our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush 192 our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
189 min_parallel max_parallel max_idle idle_timeout 193 min_parallel max_parallel max_idle idle_timeout
190 nreqs nready npending nthreads 194 nreqs nready npending nthreads
191 max_poll_time max_poll_reqs 195 max_poll_time max_poll_reqs
192 sendfile fadvise madvise 196 sendfile fadvise madvise
193 mmap munmap munlock munlockall); 197 mmap munmap mremap munlock munlockall);
194 198
195 push @AIO_REQ, qw(aio_busy); # not exported 199 push @AIO_REQ, qw(aio_busy); # not exported
196 200
197 @IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ'; 201 @IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
198 202
228 aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status) 232 aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
229 aio_mknod $pathname, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status) 233 aio_mknod $pathname, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
230 aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 234 aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
231 aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 235 aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
232 aio_readlink $pathname, $callback->($link) 236 aio_readlink $pathname, $callback->($link)
233 aio_realpath $pathname, $callback->($link) 237 aio_realpath $pathname, $callback->($path)
234 aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 238 aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
239 aio_rename2 $srcpath, $dstpath, $flags, $callback->($status)
235 aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status) 240 aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status)
236 aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status) 241 aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
237 aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries) 242 aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
238 aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags) 243 aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
239 IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST 244 IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
241 aio_scandir $pathname, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs) 246 aio_scandir $pathname, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
242 aio_load $pathname, $data, $callback->($status) 247 aio_load $pathname, $data, $callback->($status)
243 aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 248 aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
244 aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 249 aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
245 aio_rmtree $pathname, $callback->($status) 250 aio_rmtree $pathname, $callback->($status)
251 aio_fcntl $fh, $cmd, $arg, $callback->($status)
252 aio_ioctl $fh, $request, $buf, $callback->($status)
246 aio_sync $callback->($status) 253 aio_sync $callback->($status)
247 aio_syncfs $fh, $callback->($status) 254 aio_syncfs $fh, $callback->($status)
248 aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status) 255 aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
249 aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status) 256 aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status)
250 aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status) 257 aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
251 aio_pathsync $pathname, $callback->($status) 258 aio_pathsync $pathname, $callback->($status)
252 aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status) 259 aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = MS_SYNC, $callback->($status)
253 aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status) 260 aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
254 aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status) 261 aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status)
255 aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status) 262 aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status)
256 aio_group $callback->(...) 263 aio_group $callback->(...)
257 aio_nop $callback->() 264 aio_nop $callback->()
271 IO::AIO::idle_timeout $seconds 278 IO::AIO::idle_timeout $seconds
272 IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs 279 IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
273 IO::AIO::nreqs 280 IO::AIO::nreqs
274 IO::AIO::nready 281 IO::AIO::nready
275 IO::AIO::npending 282 IO::AIO::npending
283 $nfd = IO::AIO::get_fdlimit [EXPERIMENTAL]
284 IO::AIO::min_fdlimit $nfd [EXPERIMENTAL]
276 285
277 IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count 286 IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
278 IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice 287 IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
279 IO::AIO::mmap $scalar, $length, $prot, $flags[, $fh[, $offset]] 288 IO::AIO::mmap $scalar, $length, $prot, $flags[, $fh[, $offset]]
280 IO::AIO::munmap $scalar 289 IO::AIO::munmap $scalar
290 IO::AIO::mremap $scalar, $new_length, $flags[, $new_address]
281 IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $length, $advice 291 IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $length, $advice
282 IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $length, $protect 292 IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $length, $protect
283 IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef 293 IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef
284 IO::AIO::munlockall 294 IO::AIO::munlockall
285 295
362 372
363 373
364=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh) 374=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
365 375
366Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly 376Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly
367created filehandle for the file. 377created filehandle for the file (or C<undef> in case of an error).
368 378
369The pathname passed to C<aio_open> must be absolute. See API NOTES, above, 379The pathname passed to C<aio_open> must be absolute. See API NOTES, above,
370for an explanation. 380for an explanation.
371 381
372The C<$flags> argument is a bitmask. See the C<Fcntl> module for a 382The C<$flags> argument is a bitmask. See the C<Fcntl> module for a
395following POSIX and non-POSIX constants are available (missing ones on 405following POSIX and non-POSIX constants are available (missing ones on
396your system are, as usual, C<0>): 406your system are, as usual, C<0>):
397 407
398C<O_ASYNC>, C<O_DIRECT>, C<O_NOATIME>, C<O_CLOEXEC>, C<O_NOCTTY>, C<O_NOFOLLOW>, 408C<O_ASYNC>, C<O_DIRECT>, C<O_NOATIME>, C<O_CLOEXEC>, C<O_NOCTTY>, C<O_NOFOLLOW>,
399C<O_NONBLOCK>, C<O_EXEC>, C<O_SEARCH>, C<O_DIRECTORY>, C<O_DSYNC>, 409C<O_NONBLOCK>, C<O_EXEC>, C<O_SEARCH>, C<O_DIRECTORY>, C<O_DSYNC>,
400C<O_RSYNC>, C<O_SYNC> and C<O_TTY_INIT>. 410C<O_RSYNC>, C<O_SYNC>, C<O_PATH>, C<O_TMPFILE>, C<O_TTY_INIT> and C<O_ACCMODE>.
401 411
402 412
403=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status) 413=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
404 414
405Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result 415Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result
440=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval) 450=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
441 451
442=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval) 452=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
443 453
444Reads or writes C<$length> bytes from or to the specified C<$fh> and 454Reads or writes C<$length> bytes from or to the specified C<$fh> and
445C<$offset> into the scalar given by C<$data> and offset C<$dataoffset> 455C<$offset> into the scalar given by C<$data> and offset C<$dataoffset> and
446and calls the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on 456calls the callback with the actual number of bytes transferred (or -1 on
447error, just like the syscall). 457error, just like the syscall).
448 458
449C<aio_read> will, like C<sysread>, shrink or grow the C<$data> scalar to 459C<aio_read> will, like C<sysread>, shrink or grow the C<$data> scalar to
450offset plus the actual number of bytes read. 460offset plus the actual number of bytes read.
451 461
509As native sendfile syscalls (as practically any non-POSIX interface hacked 519As native sendfile syscalls (as practically any non-POSIX interface hacked
510together in a hurry to improve benchmark numbers) tend to be rather buggy 520together in a hurry to improve benchmark numbers) tend to be rather buggy
511on many systems, this implementation tries to work around some known bugs 521on many systems, this implementation tries to work around some known bugs
512in Linux and FreeBSD kernels (probably others, too), but that might fail, 522in Linux and FreeBSD kernels (probably others, too), but that might fail,
513so you really really should check the return value of C<aio_sendfile> - 523so you really really should check the return value of C<aio_sendfile> -
514fewre bytes than expected might have been transferred. 524fewer bytes than expected might have been transferred.
515 525
516 526
517=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval) 527=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
518 528
519C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that 529C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that
523whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down to a page boundary 533whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down to a page boundary
524and bytes are read up to the next page boundary greater than or equal to 534and bytes are read up to the next page boundary greater than or equal to
525(off-set+length). C<aio_readahead> does not read beyond the end of the 535(off-set+length). C<aio_readahead> does not read beyond the end of the
526file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged. 536file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.
527 537
528If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it will be 538If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your kernel isn't Linux) it will
529emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect. 539be emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect.
530 540
531 541
532=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status) 542=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
533 543
534=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status) 544=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
550behaviour). 560behaviour).
551 561
552C<S_IFMT>, C<S_IFIFO>, C<S_IFCHR>, C<S_IFBLK>, C<S_IFLNK>, C<S_IFREG>, 562C<S_IFMT>, C<S_IFIFO>, C<S_IFCHR>, C<S_IFBLK>, C<S_IFLNK>, C<S_IFREG>,
553C<S_IFDIR>, C<S_IFWHT>, C<S_IFSOCK>, C<IO::AIO::major $dev_t>, 563C<S_IFDIR>, C<S_IFWHT>, C<S_IFSOCK>, C<IO::AIO::major $dev_t>,
554C<IO::AIO::minor $dev_t>, C<IO::AIO::makedev $major, $minor>. 564C<IO::AIO::minor $dev_t>, C<IO::AIO::makedev $major, $minor>.
565
566To access higher resolution stat timestamps, see L<SUBSECOND STAT TIME
567ACCESS>.
555 568
556Example: Print the length of F</etc/passwd>: 569Example: Print the length of F</etc/passwd>:
557 570
558 aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub { 571 aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {
559 $_[0] and die "stat failed: $!"; 572 $_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";
603 namemax => 255, 616 namemax => 255,
604 frsize => 1024, 617 frsize => 1024,
605 fsid => 1810 618 fsid => 1810
606 } 619 }
607 620
608
609=item aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status) 621=item aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
610 622
611Works like perl's C<utime> function (including the special case of $atime 623Works like perl's C<utime> function (including the special case of $atime
612and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if the underlying 624and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if the underlying
613syscalls support them. 625syscalls support them.
642Works like truncate(2) or ftruncate(2). 654Works like truncate(2) or ftruncate(2).
643 655
644 656
645=item aio_allocate $fh, $mode, $offset, $len, $callback->($status) 657=item aio_allocate $fh, $mode, $offset, $len, $callback->($status)
646 658
647Allocates or freed disk space according to the C<$mode> argument. See the 659Allocates or frees disk space according to the C<$mode> argument. See the
648linux C<fallocate> docuemntation for details. 660linux C<fallocate> documentation for details.
649 661
650C<$mode> can currently be C<0> or C<IO::AIO::FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE> 662C<$mode> is usually C<0> or C<IO::AIO::FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE> to allocate
651to allocate space, or C<IO::AIO::FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | 663space, or C<IO::AIO::FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | IO::AIO::FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE>,
652IO::AIO::FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE>, to deallocate a file range. 664to deallocate a file range.
665
666IO::AIO also supports C<FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE>, to remove a range
667(without leaving a hole), C<FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE>, to zero a range,
668C<FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE> to insert a range and C<FALLOC_FL_UNSHARE_RANGE>
669to unshare shared blocks (see your L<fallocate(2)> manpage).
653 670
654The file system block size used by C<fallocate> is presumably the 671The file system block size used by C<fallocate> is presumably the
655C<f_bsize> returned by C<statvfs>. 672C<f_bsize> returned by C<statvfs>, but different filesystems and filetypes
673can dictate other limitations.
656 674
657If C<fallocate> isn't available or cannot be emulated (currently no 675If C<fallocate> isn't available or cannot be emulated (currently no
658emulation will be attempted), passes C<-1> and sets C<$!> to C<ENOSYS>. 676emulation will be attempted), passes C<-1> and sets C<$!> to C<ENOSYS>.
659 677
660 678
702 720
703 721
704=item aio_realpath $pathname, $callback->($path) 722=item aio_realpath $pathname, $callback->($path)
705 723
706Asynchronously make the path absolute and resolve any symlinks in 724Asynchronously make the path absolute and resolve any symlinks in
707C<$path>. The resulting path only consists of directories (Same as 725C<$path>. The resulting path only consists of directories (same as
708L<Cwd::realpath>). 726L<Cwd::realpath>).
709 727
710This request can be used to get the absolute path of the current working 728This request can be used to get the absolute path of the current working
711directory by passing it a path of F<.> (a single dot). 729directory by passing it a path of F<.> (a single dot).
712 730
713 731
714=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 732=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
715 733
716Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as 734Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as
717rename(2) and call the callback with the result code. 735rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
736
737On systems that support the AIO::WD working directory abstraction
738natively, the case C<[$wd, "."]> as C<$srcpath> is specialcased - instead
739of failing, C<rename> is called on the absolute path of C<$wd>.
740
741
742=item aio_rename2 $srcpath, $dstpath, $flags, $callback->($status)
743
744Basically a version of C<aio_rename> with an additional C<$flags>
745argument. Calling this with C<$flags=0> is the same as calling
746C<aio_rename>.
747
748Non-zero flags are currently only supported on GNU/Linux systems that
749support renameat2. Other systems fail with C<ENOSYS> in this case.
750
751The following constants are available (missing ones are, as usual C<0>),
752see renameat2(2) for details:
753
754C<IO::AIO::RENAME_NOREPLACE>, C<IO::AIO::RENAME_EXCHANGE>
755and C<IO::AIO::RENAME_WHITEOUT>.
718 756
719 757
720=item aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status) 758=item aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status)
721 759
722Asynchronously mkdir (create) a directory and call the callback with 760Asynchronously mkdir (create) a directory and call the callback with
727=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status) 765=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
728 766
729Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the 767Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the
730result code. 768result code.
731 769
770On systems that support the AIO::WD working directory abstraction
771natively, the case C<[$wd, "."]> is specialcased - instead of failing,
772C<rmdir> is called on the absolute path of C<$wd>.
773
732 774
733=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries) 775=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
734 776
735Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire 777Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire
736directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be 778directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be
751 793
752=over 4 794=over 4
753 795
754=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS 796=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS
755 797
756When this flag is off, then the callback gets an arrayref consisting of 798Normally the callback gets an arrayref consisting of names only (as
757names only (as with C<aio_readdir>), otherwise it gets an arrayref with 799with C<aio_readdir>). If this flag is set, then the callback gets an
758C<[$name, $type, $inode]> arrayrefs, each describing a single directory 800arrayref with C<[$name, $type, $inode]> arrayrefs, each describing a
759entry in more detail. 801single directory entry in more detail:
760 802
761C<$name> is the name of the entry. 803C<$name> is the name of the entry.
762 804
763C<$type> is one of the C<IO::AIO::DT_xxx> constants: 805C<$type> is one of the C<IO::AIO::DT_xxx> constants:
764 806
765C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>, C<IO::AIO::DT_FIFO>, C<IO::AIO::DT_CHR>, C<IO::AIO::DT_DIR>, 807C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>, C<IO::AIO::DT_FIFO>, C<IO::AIO::DT_CHR>, C<IO::AIO::DT_DIR>,
766C<IO::AIO::DT_BLK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_REG>, C<IO::AIO::DT_LNK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_SOCK>, 808C<IO::AIO::DT_BLK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_REG>, C<IO::AIO::DT_LNK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_SOCK>,
767C<IO::AIO::DT_WHT>. 809C<IO::AIO::DT_WHT>.
768 810
769C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN> means just that: readdir does not know. If you need to 811C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN> means just that: readdir does not know. If you need
770know, you have to run stat yourself. Also, for speed reasons, the C<$type> 812to know, you have to run stat yourself. Also, for speed/memory reasons,
771scalars are read-only: you can not modify them. 813the C<$type> scalars are read-only: you must not modify them.
772 814
773C<$inode> is the inode number (which might not be exact on systems with 64 815C<$inode> is the inode number (which might not be exact on systems with 64
774bit inode numbers and 32 bit perls). This field has unspecified content on 816bit inode numbers and 32 bit perls). This field has unspecified content on
775systems that do not deliver the inode information. 817systems that do not deliver the inode information.
776 818
787short names are tried first. 829short names are tried first.
788 830
789=item IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER 831=item IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER
790 832
791When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order 833When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order
792suitable for stat()'ing each one. That is, when you plan to stat() 834suitable for stat()'ing each one. That is, when you plan to stat() most or
793all files in the given directory, then the returned order will likely 835all files in the given directory, then the returned order will likely be
794be fastest. 836faster.
795 837
796If both this flag and C<IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST> are specified, then 838If both this flag and C<IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST> are specified,
797the likely dirs come first, resulting in a less optimal stat order. 839then the likely dirs come first, resulting in a less optimal stat order
840for stat'ing all entries, but likely a more optimal order for finding
841subdirectories.
798 842
799=item IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN 843=item IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
800 844
801This flag should not be set when calling C<aio_readdirx>. Instead, it 845This flag should not be set when calling C<aio_readdirx>. Instead, it
802is being set by C<aio_readdirx>, when any of the C<$type>'s found were 846is being set by C<aio_readdirx>, when any of the C<$type>'s found were
804C<$type>'s are known, which can be used to speed up some algorithms. 848C<$type>'s are known, which can be used to speed up some algorithms.
805 849
806=back 850=back
807 851
808 852
853=item aio_slurp $pathname, $offset, $length, $data, $callback->($status)
854
855Opens, reads and closes the given file. The data is put into C<$data>,
856which is resized as required.
857
858If C<$offset> is negative, then it is counted from the end of the file.
859
860If C<$length> is zero, then the remaining length of the file is
861used. Also, in this case, the same limitations to modifying C<$data> apply
862as when IO::AIO::mmap is used, i.e. it must only be modified in-place
863with C<substr>. If the size of the file is known, specifying a non-zero
864C<$length> results in a performance advantage.
865
866This request is similar to the older C<aio_load> request, but since it is
867a single request, it might be more efficient to use.
868
869Example: load F</etc/passwd> into C<$passwd>.
870
871 my $passwd;
872 aio_slurp "/etc/passwd", 0, 0, $passwd, sub {
873 $_[0] >= 0
874 or die "/etc/passwd: $!\n";
875
876 printf "/etc/passwd is %d bytes long, and contains:\n", length $passwd;
877 print $passwd;
878 };
879 IO::AIO::flush;
880
881
809=item aio_load $pathname, $data, $callback->($status) 882=item aio_load $pathname, $data, $callback->($status)
810 883
811This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into 884This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into
812memory. Status is the same as with aio_read. 885memory. Status is the same as with aio_read.
886
887Using C<aio_slurp> might be more efficient, as it is a single request.
813 888
814=cut 889=cut
815 890
816sub aio_load($$;$) { 891sub aio_load($$;$) {
817 my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_; 892 my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_;
837=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 912=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
838 913
839Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or 914Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
840destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with 915destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
841a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>). 916a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>).
917
918Existing destination files will be truncated.
842 919
843This is a composite request that creates the destination file with 920This is a composite request that creates the destination file with
844mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using 921mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using
845C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and 922C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and
846uid/gid, in that order. 923uid/gid, in that order.
956Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to 1033Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
957efficiently separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of 1034efficiently separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of
958names, directories you can recurse into (directories), and ones you cannot 1035names, directories you can recurse into (directories), and ones you cannot
959recurse into (everything else, including symlinks to directories). 1036recurse into (everything else, including symlinks to directories).
960 1037
961C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_ 1038C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that generates many sub requests.
962C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that 1039C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that
963this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default 1040this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default
964will be chosen (currently 4). 1041will be chosen (currently 4).
965 1042
966On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives 1043On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives
1100} 1177}
1101 1178
1102=item aio_rmtree $pathname, $callback->($status) 1179=item aio_rmtree $pathname, $callback->($status)
1103 1180
1104Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the 1181Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the
1105status of the final C<rmdir> only. This is a composite request that 1182status of the final C<rmdir> only. This is a composite request that
1106uses C<aio_scandir> to recurse into and rmdir directories, and unlink 1183uses C<aio_scandir> to recurse into and rmdir directories, and unlink
1107everything else. 1184everything else.
1108 1185
1109=cut 1186=cut
1110 1187
1131 add $grp $dirgrp; 1208 add $grp $dirgrp;
1132 }; 1209 };
1133 1210
1134 $grp 1211 $grp
1135} 1212}
1213
1214=item aio_fcntl $fh, $cmd, $arg, $callback->($status)
1215
1216=item aio_ioctl $fh, $request, $buf, $callback->($status)
1217
1218These work just like the C<fcntl> and C<ioctl> built-in functions, except
1219they execute asynchronously and pass the return value to the callback.
1220
1221Both calls can be used for a lot of things, some of which make more sense
1222to run asynchronously in their own thread, while some others make less
1223sense. For example, calls that block waiting for external events, such
1224as locking, will also lock down an I/O thread while it is waiting, which
1225can deadlock the whole I/O system. At the same time, there might be no
1226alternative to using a thread to wait.
1227
1228So in general, you should only use these calls for things that do
1229(filesystem) I/O, not for things that wait for other events (network,
1230other processes), although if you are careful and know what you are doing,
1231you still can.
1232
1233The following constants are available (missing ones are, as usual C<0>):
1234
1235C<F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC>,
1236
1237C<F_OFD_GETLK>, C<F_OFD_SETLK>, C<F_OFD_GETLKW>,
1238
1239C<FIFREEZE>, C<FITHAW>, C<FITRIM>, C<FICLONE>, C<FICLONERANGE>, C<FIDEDUPERANGE>.
1240
1241C<FS_IOC_GETFLAGS>, C<FS_IOC_SETFLAGS>, C<FS_IOC_GETVERSION>, C<FS_IOC_SETVERSION>,
1242C<FS_IOC_FIEMAP>.
1243
1244C<FS_IOC_FSGETXATTR>, C<FS_IOC_FSSETXATTR>, C<FS_IOC_SET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY>,
1245C<FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_PWSALT>, C<FS_IOC_GET_ENCRYPTION_POLICY>, C<FS_KEY_DESCRIPTOR_SIZE>.
1246
1247C<FS_SECRM_FL>, C<FS_UNRM_FL>, C<FS_COMPR_FL>, C<FS_SYNC_FL>, C<FS_IMMUTABLE_FL>,
1248C<FS_APPEND_FL>, C<FS_NODUMP_FL>, C<FS_NOATIME_FL>, C<FS_DIRTY_FL>,
1249C<FS_COMPRBLK_FL>, C<FS_NOCOMP_FL>, C<FS_ENCRYPT_FL>, C<FS_BTREE_FL>,
1250C<FS_INDEX_FL>, C<FS_JOURNAL_DATA_FL>, C<FS_NOTAIL_FL>, C<FS_DIRSYNC_FL>, C<FS_TOPDIR_FL>,
1251C<FS_FL_USER_MODIFIABLE>.
1252
1253C<FS_XFLAG_REALTIME>, C<FS_XFLAG_PREALLOC>, C<FS_XFLAG_IMMUTABLE>, C<FS_XFLAG_APPEND>,
1254C<FS_XFLAG_SYNC>, C<FS_XFLAG_NOATIME>, C<FS_XFLAG_NODUMP>, C<FS_XFLAG_RTINHERIT>,
1255C<FS_XFLAG_PROJINHERIT>, C<FS_XFLAG_NOSYMLINKS>, C<FS_XFLAG_EXTSIZE>, C<FS_XFLAG_EXTSZINHERIT>,
1256C<FS_XFLAG_NODEFRAG>, C<FS_XFLAG_FILESTREAM>, C<FS_XFLAG_DAX>, C<FS_XFLAG_HASATTR>,
1136 1257
1137=item aio_sync $callback->($status) 1258=item aio_sync $callback->($status)
1138 1259
1139Asynchronously call sync and call the callback when finished. 1260Asynchronously call sync and call the callback when finished.
1140 1261
1209 }; 1330 };
1210 1331
1211 $grp 1332 $grp
1212} 1333}
1213 1334
1214=item aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status) 1335=item aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = MS_SYNC, $callback->($status)
1215 1336
1216This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which only works on mmap(2)ed 1337This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which only works on mmap(2)ed
1217scalars (see the C<IO::AIO::mmap> function, although it also works on data 1338scalars (see the C<IO::AIO::mmap> function, although it also works on data
1218scalars managed by the L<Sys::Mmap> or L<Mmap> modules, note that the 1339scalars managed by the L<Sys::Mmap> or L<Mmap> modules, note that the
1219scalar must only be modified in-place while an aio operation is pending on 1340scalar must only be modified in-place while an aio operation is pending on
1221 1342
1222It calls the C<msync> function of your OS, if available, with the memory 1343It calls the C<msync> function of your OS, if available, with the memory
1223area starting at C<$offset> in the string and ending C<$length> bytes 1344area starting at C<$offset> in the string and ending C<$length> bytes
1224later. If C<$length> is negative, counts from the end, and if C<$length> 1345later. If C<$length> is negative, counts from the end, and if C<$length>
1225is C<undef>, then it goes till the end of the string. The flags can be 1346is C<undef>, then it goes till the end of the string. The flags can be
1226a combination of C<IO::AIO::MS_ASYNC>, C<IO::AIO::MS_INVALIDATE> and 1347either C<IO::AIO::MS_ASYNC> or C<IO::AIO::MS_SYNC>, plus an optional
1227C<IO::AIO::MS_SYNC>. 1348C<IO::AIO::MS_INVALIDATE>.
1228 1349
1229=item aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status) 1350=item aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
1230 1351
1231This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed 1352This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed
1232scalars. 1353scalars.
1233 1354
1234It touches (reads or writes) all memory pages in the specified 1355It touches (reads or writes) all memory pages in the specified
1235range inside the scalar. All caveats and parameters are the same 1356range inside the scalar. All caveats and parameters are the same
1236as for C<aio_msync>, above, except for flags, which must be either 1357as for C<aio_msync>, above, except for flags, which must be either
1237C<0> (which reads all pages and ensures they are instantiated) or 1358C<0> (which reads all pages and ensures they are instantiated) or
1238C<IO::AIO::MT_MODIFY>, which modifies the memory page s(by reading and 1359C<IO::AIO::MT_MODIFY>, which modifies the memory pages (by reading and
1239writing an octet from it, which dirties the page). 1360writing an octet from it, which dirties the page).
1240 1361
1241=item aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status) 1362=item aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status)
1242 1363
1243This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed 1364This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed
1277 1398
1278 aio_mlockall IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE; 1399 aio_mlockall IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE;
1279 1400
1280=item aio_fiemap $fh, $start, $length, $flags, $count, $cb->(\@extents) 1401=item aio_fiemap $fh, $start, $length, $flags, $count, $cb->(\@extents)
1281 1402
1282Queries the extents of the given file (by calling the Linux FIEMAP ioctl, 1403Queries the extents of the given file (by calling the Linux C<FIEMAP>
1283see L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/IO-AIO/doc/fiemap.txt> for details). If the 1404ioctl, see L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/IO-AIO/doc/fiemap.txt> for details). If
1284C<ioctl> is not available on your OS, then this request will fail with 1405the ioctl is not available on your OS, then this request will fail with
1285C<ENOSYS>. 1406C<ENOSYS>.
1286 1407
1287C<$start> is the starting offset to query extents for, C<$length> is the 1408C<$start> is the starting offset to query extents for, C<$length> is the
1288size of the range to query - if it is C<undef>, then the whole file will 1409size of the range to query - if it is C<undef>, then the whole file will
1289be queried. 1410be queried.
1292C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_FLAG_XATTR> - C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_FLAGS_COMPAT> is also 1413C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_FLAG_XATTR> - C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_FLAGS_COMPAT> is also
1293exported), and is normally C<0> or C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC> to query 1414exported), and is normally C<0> or C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC> to query
1294the data portion. 1415the data portion.
1295 1416
1296C<$count> is the maximum number of extent records to return. If it is 1417C<$count> is the maximum number of extent records to return. If it is
1297C<undef>, then IO::AIO queries all extents of the file. As a very special 1418C<undef>, then IO::AIO queries all extents of the range. As a very special
1298case, if it is C<0>, then the callback receives the number of extents 1419case, if it is C<0>, then the callback receives the number of extents
1299instead of the extents themselves. 1420instead of the extents themselves (which is unreliable, see below).
1300 1421
1301If an error occurs, the callback receives no arguments. The special 1422If an error occurs, the callback receives no arguments. The special
1302C<errno> value C<IO::AIO::EBADR> is available to test for flag errors. 1423C<errno> value C<IO::AIO::EBADR> is available to test for flag errors.
1303 1424
1304Otherwise, the callback receives an array reference with extent 1425Otherwise, the callback receives an array reference with extent
1306following members: 1427following members:
1307 1428
1308 [$logical, $physical, $length, $flags] 1429 [$logical, $physical, $length, $flags]
1309 1430
1310Flags is any combination of the following flag values (typically either C<0> 1431Flags is any combination of the following flag values (typically either C<0>
1311or C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST>): 1432or C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST> (1)):
1312 1433
1313C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST>, C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN>, 1434C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST>, C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN>,
1314C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_DELALLOC>, C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_ENCODED>, 1435C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_DELALLOC>, C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_ENCODED>,
1315C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_ENCRYPTED>, C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED>, 1436C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_ENCRYPTED>, C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED>,
1316C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_INLINE>, C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_TAIL>, 1437C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_INLINE>, C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_TAIL>,
1317C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNWRITTEN>, C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED> or 1438C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNWRITTEN>, C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED> or
1318C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_SHARED>. 1439C<IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_SHARED>.
1319 1440
1441At the time of this writing (Linux 3.2), this request is unreliable unless
1442C<$count> is C<undef>, as the kernel has all sorts of bugs preventing
1443it to return all extents of a range for files with a large number of
1444extents. The code (only) works around all these issues if C<$count> is
1445C<undef>.
1446
1320=item aio_group $callback->(...) 1447=item aio_group $callback->(...)
1321 1448
1322This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a 1449This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
1323container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle 1450container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
1324many requests into a single, composite, request with a definite callback 1451many requests into a single, composite, request with a definite callback
1407 aio_stat [$etcdir, "passwd"], sub { 1534 aio_stat [$etcdir, "passwd"], sub {
1408 # yay 1535 # yay
1409 }; 1536 };
1410 }; 1537 };
1411 1538
1412That C<aio_wd> is a request and not a normal function shows that creating 1539The fact that C<aio_wd> is a request and not a normal function shows that
1413an IO::AIO::WD object is itself a potentially blocking operation, which is 1540creating an IO::AIO::WD object is itself a potentially blocking operation,
1414why it is done asynchronously. 1541which is why it is done asynchronously.
1415 1542
1416To stat the directory obtained with C<aio_wd> above, one could write 1543To stat the directory obtained with C<aio_wd> above, one could write
1417either of the following three request calls: 1544either of the following three request calls:
1418 1545
1419 aio_lstat "/etc" , sub { ... # pathname as normal string 1546 aio_lstat "/etc" , sub { ... # pathname as normal string
1436There are some caveats: when directories get renamed (or deleted), the 1563There are some caveats: when directories get renamed (or deleted), the
1437pathname string doesn't change, so will point to the new directory (or 1564pathname string doesn't change, so will point to the new directory (or
1438nowhere at all), while the directory fd, if available on the system, 1565nowhere at all), while the directory fd, if available on the system,
1439will still point to the original directory. Most functions accepting a 1566will still point to the original directory. Most functions accepting a
1440pathname will use the directory fd on newer systems, and the string on 1567pathname will use the directory fd on newer systems, and the string on
1441older systems. Some functions (such as realpath) will always rely on the 1568older systems. Some functions (such as C<aio_realpath>) will always rely on
1442string form of the pathname. 1569the string form of the pathname.
1443 1570
1444So this fucntionality is mainly useful to get some protection against 1571So this functionality is mainly useful to get some protection against
1445C<chdir>, to easily get an absolute path out of a relative path for future 1572C<chdir>, to easily get an absolute path out of a relative path for future
1446reference, and to speed up doing many operations in the same directory 1573reference, and to speed up doing many operations in the same directory
1447(e.g. when stat'ing all files in a directory). 1574(e.g. when stat'ing all files in a directory).
1448 1575
1449The following functions implement this working directory abstraction: 1576The following functions implement this working directory abstraction:
1462passing C<undef> as working directory component of a pathname fails the 1589passing C<undef> as working directory component of a pathname fails the
1463request with C<ENOENT>, there is often no need for error checking in the 1590request with C<ENOENT>, there is often no need for error checking in the
1464C<aio_wd> callback, as future requests using the value will fail in the 1591C<aio_wd> callback, as future requests using the value will fail in the
1465expected way. 1592expected way.
1466 1593
1467If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
1468detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
1469
1470=item IO::AIO::CWD 1594=item IO::AIO::CWD
1471 1595
1472This is a compiletime constant (object) that represents the process 1596This is a compiletime constant (object) that represents the process
1473current working directory. 1597current working directory.
1474 1598
1475Specifying this object as working directory object for a pathname is as 1599Specifying this object as working directory object for a pathname is as if
1476if the pathname would be specified directly, without a directory object, 1600the pathname would be specified directly, without a directory object. For
1477e.g., these calls are functionally identical: 1601example, these calls are functionally identical:
1478 1602
1479 aio_stat "somefile", sub { ... }; 1603 aio_stat "somefile", sub { ... };
1480 aio_stat [IO::AIO::CWD, "somefile"], sub { ... }; 1604 aio_stat [IO::AIO::CWD, "somefile"], sub { ... };
1481 1605
1482=back 1606=back
1483 1607
1608To recover the path associated with an IO::AIO::WD object, you can use
1609C<aio_realpath>:
1610
1611 aio_realpath $wd, sub {
1612 warn "path is $_[0]\n";
1613 };
1614
1615Currently, C<aio_statvfs> always, and C<aio_rename> and C<aio_rmdir>
1616sometimes, fall back to using an absolue path.
1484 1617
1485=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS 1618=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS
1486 1619
1487All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when 1620All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when
1488called in non-void context. 1621called in non-void context.
1666 1799
1667See C<poll_cb> for an example. 1800See C<poll_cb> for an example.
1668 1801
1669=item IO::AIO::poll_cb 1802=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
1670 1803
1671Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call 1804Process some requests that have reached the result phase (i.e. they have
1805been executed but the results are not yet reported). You have to call
1806this "regularly" to finish outstanding requests.
1807
1672this regularly. Returns C<0> if all events could be processed (or there 1808Returns C<0> if all events could be processed (or there were no
1673were no events to process), or C<-1> if it returned earlier for whatever 1809events to process), or C<-1> if it returned earlier for whatever
1674reason. Returns immediately when no events are outstanding. The amount of 1810reason. Returns immediately when no events are outstanding. The amount
1675events processed depends on the settings of C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and 1811of events processed depends on the settings of C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req>,
1676C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>. 1812C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time> and C<IO::AIO::max_outstanding>.
1677 1813
1678If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle 1814If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the poll file
1679will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns, so normally you don't have to 1815descriptor will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns, so normally you
1680do anything special to have it called later. 1816don't have to do anything special to have it called later.
1681 1817
1682Apart from calling C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> when the event filehandle becomes 1818Apart from calling C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> when the event filehandle becomes
1683ready, it can be beneficial to call this function from loops which submit 1819ready, it can be beneficial to call this function from loops which submit
1684a lot of requests, to make sure the results get processed when they become 1820a lot of requests, to make sure the results get processed when they become
1685available and not just when the loop is finished and the event loop takes 1821available and not just when the loop is finished and the event loop takes
1694 poll => 'r', async => 1, 1830 poll => 'r', async => 1,
1695 cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); 1831 cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
1696 1832
1697=item IO::AIO::poll_wait 1833=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
1698 1834
1699If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result 1835Wait until either at least one request is in the result phase or no
1700phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply 1836requests are outstanding anymore.
1701does a C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to 1837
1702synchronously wait for some requests to finish). 1838This is useful if you want to synchronously wait for some requests to
1839become ready, without actually handling them.
1703 1840
1704See C<nreqs> for an example. 1841See C<nreqs> for an example.
1705 1842
1706=item IO::AIO::poll 1843=item IO::AIO::poll
1707 1844
1828 1965
1829This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it 1966This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it
1830blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better 1967blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better
1831use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback. 1968use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.
1832 1969
1833It's main use is in scripts without an event loop - when you want to stat 1970Its main use is in scripts without an event loop - when you want to stat
1834a lot of files, you can write somehting like this: 1971a lot of files, you can write something like this:
1835 1972
1836 IO::AIO::max_outstanding 32; 1973 IO::AIO::max_outstanding 32;
1837 1974
1838 for my $path (...) { 1975 for my $path (...) {
1839 aio_stat $path , ...; 1976 aio_stat $path , ...;
1876Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed, 2013Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,
1877but not yet processed by poll_cb). 2014but not yet processed by poll_cb).
1878 2015
1879=back 2016=back
1880 2017
2018=head3 SUBSECOND STAT TIME ACCESS
2019
2020Both C<aio_stat>/C<aio_lstat> and perl's C<stat>/C<lstat> functions can
2021generally find access/modification and change times with subsecond time
2022accuracy of the system supports it, but perl's built-in functions only
2023return the integer part.
2024
2025The following functions return the timestamps of the most recent
2026stat with subsecond precision on most systems and work both after
2027C<aio_stat>/C<aio_lstat> and perl's C<stat>/C<lstat> calls. Their return
2028value is only meaningful after a successful C<stat>/C<lstat> call, or
2029during/after a successful C<aio_stat>/C<aio_lstat> callback.
2030
2031This is similar to the L<Time::HiRes> C<stat> functions, but can return
2032full resolution without rounding and work with standard perl C<stat>,
2033alleviating the need to call the special C<Time::HiRes> functions, which
2034do not act like their perl counterparts.
2035
2036On operating systems or file systems where subsecond time resolution is
2037not supported or could not be detected, a fractional part of C<0> is
2038returned, so it is always safe to call these functions.
2039
2040=over 4
2041
2042=item IO::AIO::stat_atime, IO::AIO::stat_mtime, IO::AIO::stat_ctime
2043
2044Return the access, modication or change time, respectively, including
2045fractional part. Due to the limited precision of floating point, the
2046accuracy on most platforms is only a bit better than milliseconds for
2047times around now - see the I<nsec> function family, below, for full
2048accuracy.
2049
2050=item ($atime, $mtime, $ctime, ...) = IO::AIO::stat_xtime
2051
2052Returns access, modification and change time all in one go, and maybe more
2053times in the future version.
2054
2055=item IO::AIO::stat_atimensec, IO::AIO::stat_mtimensec, IO::AIO::stat_ctimensec
2056
2057Return the fractional access, modifcation or change time, in nanoseconds,
2058as an integer in the range C<0> to C<999999999>.
2059
2060=back
2061
2062Example: print the high resolution modification time of F</etc>, using
2063C<stat>, and C<IO::AIO::aio_stat>.
2064
2065 if (stat "/etc") {
2066 printf "stat(/etc) mtime: %f\n", IO::AIO::stat_mtime;
2067 }
2068
2069 IO::AIO::aio_stat "/etc", sub {
2070 $_[0]
2071 and return;
2072
2073 printf "aio_stat(/etc) mtime: %d.%09d\n", (stat _)[9], IO::AIO::stat_mtimensec;
2074 };
2075
2076 IO::AIO::flush;
2077
2078Output of the awbove on my system, showing reduced and full accuracy:
2079
2080 stat(/etc) mtime: 1534043702.020808
2081 aio_stat(/etc) mtime: 1534043702.020807792
2082
1881=head3 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS 2083=head3 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
1882 2084
1883IO::AIO implements some functions that might be useful, but are not 2085IO::AIO implements some functions that are useful when you want to use
1884asynchronous. 2086some "Advanced I/O" function not available to in Perl, without going the
2087"Asynchronous I/O" route. Many of these have an asynchronous C<aio_*>
2088counterpart.
1885 2089
1886=over 4 2090=over 4
2091
2092=item $numfd = IO::AIO::get_fdlimit
2093
2094This function is I<EXPERIMENTAL> and subject to change.
2095
2096Tries to find the current file descriptor limit and returns it, or
2097C<undef> and sets C<$!> in case of an error. The limit is one larger than
2098the highest valid file descriptor number.
2099
2100=item IO::AIO::min_fdlimit [$numfd]
2101
2102This function is I<EXPERIMENTAL> and subject to change.
2103
2104Try to increase the current file descriptor limit(s) to at least C<$numfd>
2105by changing the soft or hard file descriptor resource limit. If C<$numfd>
2106is missing, it will try to set a very high limit, although this is not
2107recommended when you know the actual minimum that you require.
2108
2109If the limit cannot be raised enough, the function makes a best-effort
2110attempt to increase the limit as much as possible, using various
2111tricks, while still failing. You can query the resulting limit using
2112C<IO::AIO::get_fdlimit>.
2113
2114If an error occurs, returns C<undef> and sets C<$!>, otherwise returns
2115true.
1887 2116
1888=item IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count 2117=item IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
1889 2118
1890Calls the C<eio_sendfile_sync> function, which is like C<aio_sendfile>, 2119Calls the C<eio_sendfile_sync> function, which is like C<aio_sendfile>,
1891but is blocking (this makes most sense if you know the input data is 2120but is blocking (this makes most sense if you know the input data is
1908=item IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $len, $advice 2137=item IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $len, $advice
1909 2138
1910Simply calls the C<posix_madvise> function (see its 2139Simply calls the C<posix_madvise> function (see its
1911manpage for details). The following advice constants are 2140manpage for details). The following advice constants are
1912available: C<IO::AIO::MADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_SEQUENTIAL>, 2141available: C<IO::AIO::MADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_SEQUENTIAL>,
1913C<IO::AIO::MADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_WILLNEED>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_DONTNEED>. 2142C<IO::AIO::MADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_WILLNEED>,
2143C<IO::AIO::MADV_DONTNEED>.
2144
2145If C<$offset> is negative, counts from the end. If C<$length> is negative,
2146the remaining length of the C<$scalar> is used. If possible, C<$length>
2147will be reduced to fit into the C<$scalar>.
1914 2148
1915On systems that do not implement C<posix_madvise>, this function returns 2149On systems that do not implement C<posix_madvise>, this function returns
1916ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_madvise>. 2150ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_madvise>.
1917 2151
1918=item IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $len, $protect 2152=item IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $len, $protect
1920Simply calls the C<mprotect> function on the preferably AIO::mmap'ed 2154Simply calls the C<mprotect> function on the preferably AIO::mmap'ed
1921$scalar (see its manpage for details). The following protect 2155$scalar (see its manpage for details). The following protect
1922constants are available: C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ>, 2156constants are available: C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ>,
1923C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>. 2157C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>.
1924 2158
2159If C<$offset> is negative, counts from the end. If C<$length> is negative,
2160the remaining length of the C<$scalar> is used. If possible, C<$length>
2161will be reduced to fit into the C<$scalar>.
2162
1925On systems that do not implement C<mprotect>, this function returns 2163On systems that do not implement C<mprotect>, this function returns
1926ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<mprotect>. 2164ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<mprotect>.
1927 2165
1928=item IO::AIO::mmap $scalar, $length, $prot, $flags, $fh[, $offset] 2166=item IO::AIO::mmap $scalar, $length, $prot, $flags, $fh[, $offset]
1929 2167
1930Memory-maps a file (or anonymous memory range) and attaches it to the 2168Memory-maps a file (or anonymous memory range) and attaches it to the
1931given C<$scalar>, which will act like a string scalar. Returns true on 2169given C<$scalar>, which will act like a string scalar. Returns true on
1932success, and false otherwise. 2170success, and false otherwise.
1933 2171
2172The scalar must exist, but its contents do not matter - this means you
2173cannot use a nonexistant array or hash element. When in doubt, C<undef>
2174the scalar first.
2175
1934The only operations allowed on the scalar are C<substr>/C<vec> that don't 2176The only operations allowed on the mmapped scalar are C<substr>/C<vec>,
1935change the string length, and most read-only operations such as copying it 2177which don't change the string length, and most read-only operations such
1936or searching it with regexes and so on. 2178as copying it or searching it with regexes and so on.
1937 2179
1938Anything else is unsafe and will, at best, result in memory leaks. 2180Anything else is unsafe and will, at best, result in memory leaks.
1939 2181
1940The memory map associated with the C<$scalar> is automatically removed 2182The memory map associated with the C<$scalar> is automatically removed
1941when the C<$scalar> is destroyed, or when the C<IO::AIO::mmap> or 2183when the C<$scalar> is undef'd or destroyed, or when the C<IO::AIO::mmap>
1942C<IO::AIO::munmap> functions are called. 2184or C<IO::AIO::munmap> functions are called on it.
1943 2185
1944This calls the C<mmap>(2) function internally. See your system's manual 2186This calls the C<mmap>(2) function internally. See your system's manual
1945page for details on the C<$length>, C<$prot> and C<$flags> parameters. 2187page for details on the C<$length>, C<$prot> and C<$flags> parameters.
1946 2188
1947The C<$length> must be larger than zero and smaller than the actual 2189The C<$length> must be larger than zero and smaller than the actual
1948filesize. 2190filesize.
1949 2191
1950C<$prot> is a combination of C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>, 2192C<$prot> is a combination of C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>,
1951C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ> and/or C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>, 2193C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ> and/or C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>,
1952 2194
1953C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED> or 2195C<$flags> can be a combination of
1954C<IO::AIO::MAP_PRIVATE>, or a number of system-specific flags (when 2196C<IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED> or
1955not available, the are defined as 0): C<IO::AIO::MAP_ANONYMOUS> 2197C<IO::AIO::MAP_PRIVATE>,
2198or a number of system-specific flags (when not available, the are C<0>):
1956(which is set to C<MAP_ANON> if your system only provides this 2199C<IO::AIO::MAP_ANONYMOUS> (which is set to C<MAP_ANON> if your system only provides this constant),
1957constant), C<IO::AIO::MAP_HUGETLB>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_LOCKED>, 2200C<IO::AIO::MAP_LOCKED>,
1958C<IO::AIO::MAP_NORESERVE>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_POPULATE> or 2201C<IO::AIO::MAP_NORESERVE>,
2202C<IO::AIO::MAP_POPULATE>,
1959C<IO::AIO::MAP_NONBLOCK> 2203C<IO::AIO::MAP_NONBLOCK>,
2204C<IO::AIO::MAP_FIXED>,
2205C<IO::AIO::MAP_GROWSDOWN>,
2206C<IO::AIO::MAP_32BIT>,
2207C<IO::AIO::MAP_HUGETLB> or
2208C<IO::AIO::MAP_STACK>.
1960 2209
1961If C<$fh> is C<undef>, then a file descriptor of C<-1> is passed. 2210If C<$fh> is C<undef>, then a file descriptor of C<-1> is passed.
1962 2211
1963C<$offset> is the offset from the start of the file - it generally must be 2212C<$offset> is the offset from the start of the file - it generally must be
1964a multiple of C<IO::AIO::PAGESIZE> and defaults to C<0>. 2213a multiple of C<IO::AIO::PAGESIZE> and defaults to C<0>.
1977 my $fast_md5 = md5 $data; 2226 my $fast_md5 = md5 $data;
1978 2227
1979=item IO::AIO::munmap $scalar 2228=item IO::AIO::munmap $scalar
1980 2229
1981Removes a previous mmap and undefines the C<$scalar>. 2230Removes a previous mmap and undefines the C<$scalar>.
2231
2232=item IO::AIO::mremap $scalar, $new_length, $flags = MREMAP_MAYMOVE[, $new_address = 0]
2233
2234Calls the Linux-specific mremap(2) system call. The C<$scalar> must have
2235been mapped by C<IO::AIO::mmap>, and C<$flags> must currently either be
2236C<0> or C<IO::AIO::MREMAP_MAYMOVE>.
2237
2238Returns true if successful, and false otherwise. If the underlying mmapped
2239region has changed address, then the true value has the numerical value
2240C<1>, otherwise it has the numerical value C<0>:
2241
2242 my $success = IO::AIO::mremap $mmapped, 8192, IO::AIO::MREMAP_MAYMOVE
2243 or die "mremap: $!";
2244
2245 if ($success*1) {
2246 warn "scalar has chanegd address in memory\n";
2247 }
2248
2249C<IO::AIO::MREMAP_FIXED> and the C<$new_address> argument are currently
2250implemented, but not supported and might go away in a future version.
2251
2252On systems where this call is not supported or is not emulated, this call
2253returns falls and sets C<$!> to C<ENOSYS>.
1982 2254
1983=item IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef 2255=item IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef
1984 2256
1985Calls the C<munlock> function, undoing the effects of a previous 2257Calls the C<munlock> function, undoing the effects of a previous
1986C<aio_mlock> call (see its description for details). 2258C<aio_mlock> call (see its description for details).
2007 2279
2008See the C<splice(2)> manpage for details. 2280See the C<splice(2)> manpage for details.
2009 2281
2010=item IO::AIO::tee $r_fh, $w_fh, $length, $flags 2282=item IO::AIO::tee $r_fh, $w_fh, $length, $flags
2011 2283
2012Calls the GNU/Linux C<tee(2)> syscall, see it's manpage and the 2284Calls the GNU/Linux C<tee(2)> syscall, see its manpage and the
2013description for C<IO::AIO::splice> above for details. 2285description for C<IO::AIO::splice> above for details.
2286
2287=item $actual_size = IO::AIO::pipesize $r_fh[, $new_size]
2288
2289Attempts to query or change the pipe buffer size. Obviously works only
2290on pipes, and currently works only on GNU/Linux systems, and fails with
2291C<-1>/C<ENOSYS> everywhere else. If anybody knows how to influence pipe buffer
2292size on other systems, drop me a note.
2293
2294=item ($rfh, $wfh) = IO::AIO::pipe2 [$flags]
2295
2296This is a direct interface to the Linux L<pipe2(2)> system call. If
2297C<$flags> is missing or C<0>, then this should be the same as a call to
2298perl's built-in C<pipe> function and create a new pipe, and works on
2299systems that lack the pipe2 syscall. On win32, this case invokes C<_pipe
2300(..., 4096, O_BINARY)>.
2301
2302If C<$flags> is non-zero, it tries to invoke the pipe2 system call with
2303the given flags (Linux 2.6.27, glibc 2.9).
2304
2305On success, the read and write file handles are returned.
2306
2307On error, nothing will be returned. If the pipe2 syscall is missing and
2308C<$flags> is non-zero, fails with C<ENOSYS>.
2309
2310Please refer to L<pipe2(2)> for more info on the C<$flags>, but at the
2311time of this writing, C<IO::AIO::O_CLOEXEC>, C<IO::AIO::O_NONBLOCK> and
2312C<IO::AIO::O_DIRECT> (Linux 3.4, for packet-based pipes) were supported.
2313
2314Example: create a pipe race-free w.r.t. threads and fork:
2315
2316 my ($rfh, $wfh) = IO::AIO::pipe2 IO::AIO::O_CLOEXEC
2317 or die "pipe2: $!\n";
2318
2319=item $fh = IO::AIO::eventfd [$initval, [$flags]]
2320
2321This is a direct interface to the Linux L<eventfd(2)> system call. The
2322(unhelpful) defaults for C<$initval> and C<$flags> are C<0> for both.
2323
2324On success, the new eventfd filehandle is returned, otherwise returns
2325C<undef>. If the eventfd syscall is missing, fails with C<ENOSYS>.
2326
2327Please refer to L<eventfd(2)> for more info on this call.
2328
2329The following symbol flag values are available: C<IO::AIO::EFD_CLOEXEC>,
2330C<IO::AIO::EFD_NONBLOCK> and C<IO::AIO::EFD_SEMAPHORE> (Linux 2.6.30).
2331
2332Example: create a new eventfd filehandle:
2333
2334 $fh = IO::AIO::eventfd 0, IO::AIO::O_CLOEXEC
2335 or die "eventfd: $!\n";
2336
2337=item $fh = IO::AIO::timerfd_create $clockid[, $flags]
2338
2339This is a direct interface to the Linux L<timerfd_create(2)> system call. The
2340(unhelpful) default for C<$flags> is C<0>.
2341
2342On success, the new timerfd filehandle is returned, otherwise returns
2343C<undef>. If the eventfd syscall is missing, fails with C<ENOSYS>.
2344
2345Please refer to L<timerfd_create(2)> for more info on this call.
2346
2347The following C<$clockid> values are
2348available: C<IO::AIO::CLOCK_REALTIME>, C<IO::AIO::CLOCK_MONOTONIC>
2349C<IO::AIO::CLOCK_CLOCK_BOOTTIME> (Linux 3.15)
2350C<IO::AIO::CLOCK_CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM> (Linux 3.11) and
2351C<IO::AIO::CLOCK_CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM> (Linux 3.11).
2352
2353The following C<$flags> values are available (Linux
23542.6.27): C<IO::AIO::TFD_NONBLOCK> and C<IO::AIO::TFD_CLOEXEC>.
2355
2356Example: create a new timerfd and set it to one-second repeated alarms,
2357then wait for two alarms:
2358
2359 my $fh = IO::AIO::timerfd_create IO::AIO::CLOCK_BOOTTIME, IO::AIO::TFD_CLOEXEC
2360 or die "timerfd_create: $!\n";
2361
2362 defined IO::AIO::timerfd_settime $fh, 0, 1, 1
2363 or die "timerfd_settime: $!\n";
2364
2365 for (1..2) {
2366 8 == sysread $fh, my $buf, 8
2367 or die "timerfd read failure\n";
2368
2369 printf "number of expirations (likely 1): %d\n",
2370 unpack "Q", $buf;
2371 }
2372
2373=item ($cur_interval, $cur_value) = IO::AIO::timerfd_settime $fh, $flags, $new_interval, $nbw_value
2374
2375This is a direct interface to the Linux L<timerfd_settime(2)> system
2376call. Please refer to its manpage for more info on this call.
2377
2378The new itimerspec is specified using two (possibly fractional) second
2379values, C<$new_interval> and C<$new_value>).
2380
2381On success, the current interval and value are returned (as per
2382C<timerfd_gettime>). On failure, the empty list is returned.
2383
2384The following C<$flags> values are
2385available: C<IO::AIO::TFD_TIMER_ABSTIME> and
2386C<IO::AIO::TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET>.
2387
2388See C<IO::AIO::timerfd_create> for a full example.
2389
2390=item ($cur_interval, $cur_value) = IO::AIO::timerfd_gettime $fh
2391
2392This is a direct interface to the Linux L<timerfd_gettime(2)> system
2393call. Please refer to its manpage for more info on this call.
2394
2395On success, returns the current values of interval and value for the given
2396timerfd (as potentially fractional second values). On failure, the empty
2397list is returned.
2014 2398
2015=back 2399=back
2016 2400
2017=cut 2401=cut
2018 2402
2084the process will result in undefined behaviour. Calling it at any time 2468the process will result in undefined behaviour. Calling it at any time
2085will also result in any undefined (by POSIX) behaviour. 2469will also result in any undefined (by POSIX) behaviour.
2086 2470
2087=back 2471=back
2088 2472
2473=head2 LINUX-SPECIFIC CALLS
2474
2475When a call is documented as "linux-specific" then this means it
2476originated on GNU/Linux. C<IO::AIO> will usually try to autodetect the
2477availability and compatibility of such calls regardless of the platform
2478it is compiled on, so platforms such as FreeBSD which often implement
2479these calls will work. When in doubt, call them and see if they fail wth
2480C<ENOSYS>.
2481
2089=head2 MEMORY USAGE 2482=head2 MEMORY USAGE
2090 2483
2091Per-request usage: 2484Per-request usage:
2092 2485
2093Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 100-200 2486Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 100-200
2105temporary buffers, and each thread requires a stack and other data 2498temporary buffers, and each thread requires a stack and other data
2106structures (usually around 16k-128k, depending on the OS). 2499structures (usually around 16k-128k, depending on the OS).
2107 2500
2108=head1 KNOWN BUGS 2501=head1 KNOWN BUGS
2109 2502
2110Known bugs will be fixed in the next release. 2503Known bugs will be fixed in the next release :)
2504
2505=head1 KNOWN ISSUES
2506
2507Calls that try to "import" foreign memory areas (such as C<IO::AIO::mmap>
2508or C<IO::AIO::aio_slurp>) do not work with generic lvalues, such as
2509non-created hash slots or other scalars I didn't think of. It's best to
2510avoid such and either use scalar variables or making sure that the scalar
2511exists (e.g. by storing C<undef>) and isn't "funny" (e.g. tied).
2512
2513I am not sure anything can be done about this, so this is considered a
2514known issue, rather than a bug.
2111 2515
2112=head1 SEE ALSO 2516=head1 SEE ALSO
2113 2517
2114L<AnyEvent::AIO> for easy integration into event loops, L<Coro::AIO> for a 2518L<AnyEvent::AIO> for easy integration into event loops, L<Coro::AIO> for a
2115more natural syntax. 2519more natural syntax.

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