ViewVC Help

View File | Revision Log | Show Annotations | Download File

/cvs/IO-AIO/AIO.pm

Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.54 by root, Sun Oct 22 00:19:05 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.191 by root, Thu May 19 23:57:12 2011 UTC

…		…
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use IO::AIO;	7	use IO::AIO;
8		8
9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
10	my ($fh) = @_;	10	my $fh = shift
		11	or die "/etc/passwd: $!";
11	...	12	...
12	};	13	};
13		14
14	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };	15	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
15		16
16	aio_read $fh, 30000, 1024, $buffer, 0, sub {	17	aio_read $fh, 30000, 1024, $buffer, 0, sub {
17	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";	18	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
18	};	19	};
19		20
20	use IO::AIO 2; # version has aio objects	21	# version 2+ has request and group objects
		22	use IO::AIO 2;
21		23
		24	aioreq_pri 4; # give next request a very high priority
22	my $req = aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };	25	my $req = aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
23	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue	26	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue
24		27
25	# AnyEvent	28	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };
26	open my $fh, "<&=" . IO::AIO::poll_fileno or die "$!";	29	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;
27	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => 'r', cb => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb });
28
29	# Event
30	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
31	poll => 'r',
32	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
33
34	# Glib/Gtk2
35	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
36	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
37
38	# Tk
39	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
40	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
41
42	# Danga::Socket
43	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
44	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
45
46		30
47	=head1 DESCRIPTION	31	=head1 DESCRIPTION
48		32
49	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your	33	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
50	operating system supports.	34	operating system supports. It is implemented as an interface to C<libeio>
		35	(L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libeio.html>).
51		36
		37	Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program
		38	(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation
		39	will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This
		40	is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even
		41	when doing heavy I/O (GUI programs, high performance network servers
		42	etc.), but can also be used to easily do operations in parallel that are
		43	normally done sequentially, e.g. stat'ing many files, which is much faster
		44	on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations
		45	concurrently.
		46
		47	While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for
		48	example sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that
		49	support nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is
		50	very inefficient. Use an event loop for that (such as the L<EV>
		51	module): IO::AIO will naturally fit into such an event loop itself.
		52
52	Currently, a number of threads are started that execute your read/writes	53	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your
53	and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in your libc or	54	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support
54	perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible to the	55	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible
55	pthreads library. In the future, this module might make use of the native	56	to perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio
56	aio functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often	57	functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often
57	not well-supported (Linux doesn't allow them on normal files currently,	58	not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal
58	for example), and they would only support aio_read and aio_write, so the	59	files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and
59	remaining functionality would have to be implemented using threads anyway.	60	aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented
		61	using threads anyway.
60		62
61	Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads, it is	63	Although the module will work in the presence of other (Perl-) threads,
62	currently not reentrant, so use appropriate locking yourself, always call	64	it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate locking
63	C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never call C<poll_cb> (or other	65	yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never
64	C<aio_> functions) recursively.	66	call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
		67
		68	=head2 EXAMPLE
		69
		70	This is a simple example that uses the EV module and loads
		71	F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:
		72
		73	use Fcntl;
		74	use EV;
		75	use IO::AIO;
		76
		77	# register the IO::AIO callback with EV
		78	my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
		79
		80	# queue the request to open /etc/passwd
		81	aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		82	my $fh = shift
		83	or die "error while opening: $!";
		84
		85	# stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking
		86	my $size = -s $fh;
		87
		88	# queue a request to read the file
		89	my $contents;
		90	aio_read $fh, 0, $size, $contents, 0, sub {
		91	$_[0] == $size
		92	or die "short read: $!";
		93
		94	close $fh;
		95
		96	# file contents now in $contents
		97	print $contents;
		98
		99	# exit event loop and program
		100	EV::unloop;
		101	};
		102	};
		103
		104	# possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,
		105	# check for sockets etc. etc.
		106
		107	# process events as long as there are some:
		108	EV::loop;
		109
		110	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME
		111
		112	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not
		113	directly visible to Perl.
		114
		115	If called in non-void context, every request function returns a Perl
		116	object representing the request. In void context, nothing is returned,
		117	which saves a bit of memory.
		118
		119	The perl object is a fairly standard ref-to-hash object. The hash contents
		120	are not used by IO::AIO so you are free to store anything you like in it.
		121
		122	During their existance, aio requests travel through the following states,
		123	in order:
		124
		125	=over 4
		126
		127	=item ready
		128
		129	Immediately after a request is created it is put into the ready state,
		130	waiting for a thread to execute it.
		131
		132	=item execute
		133
		134	A thread has accepted the request for processing and is currently
		135	executing it (e.g. blocking in read).
		136
		137	=item pending
		138
		139	The request has been executed and is waiting for result processing.
		140
		141	While request submission and execution is fully asynchronous, result
		142	processing is not and relies on the perl interpreter calling C<poll_cb>
		143	(or another function with the same effect).
		144
		145	=item result
		146
		147	The request results are processed synchronously by C<poll_cb>.
		148
		149	The C<poll_cb> function will process all outstanding aio requests by
		150	calling their callbacks, freeing memory associated with them and managing
		151	any groups they are contained in.
		152
		153	=item done
		154
		155	Request has reached the end of its lifetime and holds no resources anymore
		156	(except possibly for the Perl object, but its connection to the actual
		157	aio request is severed and calling its methods will either do nothing or
		158	result in a runtime error).
		159
		160	=back
65		161
66	=cut	162	=cut
67		163
68	package IO::AIO;	164	package IO::AIO;
69		165
70	no warnings;	166	use Carp ();
71	use strict 'vars';	167
		168	use common::sense;
72		169
73	use base 'Exporter';	170	use base 'Exporter';
74		171
75	BEGIN {	172	BEGIN {
76	our $VERSION = '1.99';	173	our $VERSION = '3.8';
77		174
78	our @EXPORT = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat	175	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close
79	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink	176	aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_readdirx
80	aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link aio_move	177	aio_scandir aio_symlink aio_readlink aio_sync aio_fsync
		178	aio_fdatasync aio_sync_file_range aio_pathsync aio_readahead
		179	aio_rename aio_link aio_move aio_copy aio_group
		180	aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir aio_chown
		181	aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate
		182	aio_msync aio_mtouch aio_mlock aio_mlockall
81	aio_group);	183	aio_statvfs);
82	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb min_parallel max_parallel max_outstanding nreqs);	184
		185	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice));
		186	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
		187	min_parallel max_parallel max_idle idle_timeout
		188	nreqs nready npending nthreads
		189	max_poll_time max_poll_reqs
		190	sendfile fadvise madvise
		191	mmap munmap munlock munlockall);
		192
		193	push @AIO_REQ, qw(aio_busy); # not exported
83		194
84	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';	195	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
85		196
86	require XSLoader;	197	require XSLoader;
87	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);	198	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
88	}	199	}
89		200
90	=head1 FUNCTIONS	201	=head1 FUNCTIONS
91		202
		203	=head2 QUICK OVERVIEW
		204
		205	This section simply lists the prototypes of the most important functions
		206	for quick reference. See the following sections for function-by-function
		207	documentation.
		208
		209	aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
		210	aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
		211	aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
		212	aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
		213	aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
		214	aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
		215	aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
		216	aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
		217	aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs)
		218	aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
		219	aio_chown $fh_or_path, $uid, $gid, $callback->($status)
		220	aio_truncate $fh_or_path, $offset, $callback->($status)
		221	aio_chmod $fh_or_path, $mode, $callback->($status)
		222	aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
		223	aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
		224	aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		225	aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		226	aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link)
		227	aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		228	aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status)
		229	aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
		230	aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
		231	aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
		232	IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
		233	IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
		234	aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)
		235	aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		236	aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		237	aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
		238	aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)
		239	aio_sync $callback->($status)
		240	aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
		241	aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status)
		242	aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
		243	aio_pathsync $path, $callback->($status)
		244	aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		245	aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		246	aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status)
		247	aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status)
		248	aio_group $callback->(...)
		249	aio_nop $callback->()
		250
		251	$prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
		252	aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
		253
		254	IO::AIO::poll_wait
		255	IO::AIO::poll_cb
		256	IO::AIO::poll
		257	IO::AIO::flush
		258	IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
		259	IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
		260	IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
		261	IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
		262	IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
		263	IO::AIO::idle_timeout $seconds
		264	IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
		265	IO::AIO::nreqs
		266	IO::AIO::nready
		267	IO::AIO::npending
		268
		269	IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
		270	IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
		271	IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $length, $advice
		272	IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $length, $protect
		273	IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef
		274	IO::AIO::munlockall
		275
92	=head2 AIO FUNCTIONS	276	=head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS
93		277
94	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall	278	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
95	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,	279	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
96	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument	280	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
97	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with	281	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
98	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike	282	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike
99	perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given	283	perl, which usually delivers "false") as its sole argument after the given
100	syscall has been executed asynchronously.	284	syscall has been executed asynchronously.
101		285
102	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle	286	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
103	internally until the request has finished.	287	internally until the request has finished.
104		288
105	All non-composite requests (requests that are not broken down into
106	multiple requests) return objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow	289	All functions return request objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow
107	further manipulation of running requests.	290	further manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.
108		291
109	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and	292	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and
110	encoded in byte form. The reason for the former is that at the time the	293	encoded as octets. The reason for the former is that at the time the
111	request is being executed, the current working directory could have	294	request is being executed, the current working directory could have
112	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the	295	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the
113	current working directory.	296	current working directory anywhere in the program and then use relative
		297	paths.
114		298
115	To encode pathnames to byte form, either make sure you either: a)	299	To encode pathnames as octets, either make sure you either: a) always pass
116	always pass in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir	300	in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir etc.) without
117	etc.), b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode	301	tinkering, b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode
118	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user	302	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
119	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)	303	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
120	use something else.	304	use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.
		305
		306	This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO
		307	handles correctly whether it is set or not.
121		308
122	=over 4	309	=over 4
		310
		311	=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
		312
		313	Returns the priority value that would be used for the next request and, if
		314	C<$pri> is given, sets the priority for the next aio request.
		315
		316	The default priority is C<0>, the minimum and maximum priorities are C<-4>
		317	and C<4>, respectively. Requests with higher priority will be serviced
		318	first.
		319
		320	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each call to one of the C<aio_*>
		321	functions.
		322
		323	Example: open a file with low priority, then read something from it with
		324	higher priority so the read request is serviced before other low priority
		325	open requests (potentially spamming the cache):
		326
		327	aioreq_pri -3;
		328	aio_open ..., sub {
		329	return unless $_[0];
		330
		331	aioreq_pri -2;
		332	aio_read $_[0], ..., sub {
		333	...
		334	};
		335	};
		336
		337
		338	=item aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
		339
		340	Similar to C<aioreq_pri>, but subtracts the given value from the current
		341	priority, so the effect is cumulative.
		342
123		343
124	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)	344	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
125		345
126	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly	346	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly
127	created filehandle for the file.	347	created filehandle for the file.
…		…
133	list. They are the same as used by C<sysopen>.	353	list. They are the same as used by C<sysopen>.
134		354
135	Likewise, C<$mode> specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it	355	Likewise, C<$mode> specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it
136	didn't exist and C<O_CREAT> has been given, just like perl's C<sysopen>,	356	didn't exist and C<O_CREAT> has been given, just like perl's C<sysopen>,
137	except that it is mandatory (i.e. use C<0> if you don't create new files,	357	except that it is mandatory (i.e. use C<0> if you don't create new files,
138	and C<0666> or C<0777> if you do).	358	and C<0666> or C<0777> if you do). Note that the C<$mode> will be modified
		359	by the umask in effect then the request is being executed, so better never
		360	change the umask.
139		361
140	Example:	362	Example:
141		363
142	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	364	aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
143	if ($_[0]) {	365	if ($_[0]) {
144	print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n";	366	print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n";
145	...	367	...
146	} else {	368	} else {
147	die "open failed: $!\n";	369	die "open failed: $!\n";
148	}	370	}
149	};	371	};
150		372
		373
151	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)	374	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
152		375
153	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result	376	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result
154	code. I<WARNING:> although accepted, you should not pass in a perl	377	code.
155	filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor another
156	time when the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can safely call perls
157	C<close> or just let filehandles go out of scope.
158		378
159	This is supposed to be a bug in the API, so that might change. It's	379	Unfortunately, you can't do this to perl. Perl I<insists> very strongly on
160	therefore best to avoid this function.	380	closing the file descriptor associated with the filehandle itself.
		381
		382	Therefore, C<aio_close> will not close the filehandle - instead it will
		383	use dup2 to overwrite the file descriptor with the write-end of a pipe
		384	(the pipe fd will be created on demand and will be cached).
		385
		386	Or in other words: the file descriptor will be closed, but it will not be
		387	free for reuse until the perl filehandle is closed.
		388
		389	=cut
161		390
162	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)	391	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
163		392
164	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)	393	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
165		394
166	Reads or writes C<length> bytes from the specified C<fh> and C<offset>	395	Reads or writes C<$length> bytes from or to the specified C<$fh> and
167	into the scalar given by C<data> and offset C<dataoffset> and calls the	396	C<$offset> into the scalar given by C<$data> and offset C<$dataoffset>
168	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just	397	and calls the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on
169	like the syscall).	398	error, just like the syscall).
		399
		400	C<aio_read> will, like C<sysread>, shrink or grow the C<$data> scalar to
		401	offset plus the actual number of bytes read.
		402
		403	If C<$offset> is undefined, then the current file descriptor offset will
		404	be used (and updated), otherwise the file descriptor offset will not be
		405	changed by these calls.
		406
		407	If C<$length> is undefined in C<aio_write>, use the remaining length of
		408	C<$data>.
		409
		410	If C<$dataoffset> is less than zero, it will be counted from the end of
		411	C<$data>.
170		412
171	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request	413	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request
172	is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or WW3 (if the	414	is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or World War III (if
173	necessary/optional hardware is installed).	415	the necessary/optional hardware is installed).
174		416
175	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, starting at	417	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, starting at
176	offset C<0> within the scalar:	418	offset C<0> within the scalar:
177		419
178	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {	420	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {
179	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";	421	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
180	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";	422	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";
181	};	423	};
182		424
183	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
184
185	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
186	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
187	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
188
189	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If
190	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it creates the destination file with mode 0200
191	and copies the contents of the source file into it using C<aio_sendfile>,
192	followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, in that
193	order, and unlinking the C<$srcpath>.
194
195	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
196	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
197	errors are being ignored.
198
199	=cut
200
201	sub aio_move($$$) {
202	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
203
204	aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
205	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
206	aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
207	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
208	my @stat = stat $src_fh;
209
210	aio_open $dst, O_WRONLY, 0200, sub {
211	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
212	aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
213	close $src_fh;
214
215	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
216	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
217	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
218	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
219	close $dst_fh;
220
221	aio_unlink $src, sub {
222	$cb->($_[0]);
223	};
224	} else {
225	my $errno = $!;
226	aio_unlink $dst, sub {
227	$! = $errno;
228	$cb->(-1);
229	};
230	}
231	};
232	} else {
233	$cb->(-1);
234	}
235	},
236
237	} else {
238	$cb->(-1);
239	}
240	};
241	} else {
242	$cb->($_[0]);
243	}
244	};
245	}
246		425
247	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)	426	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
248		427
249	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts	428	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts
250	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current	429	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current
251	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more	430	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more
252	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each	431	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each
253	other.	432	other.
254		433
		434	Please note that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from C<$in_fh> than
		435	are written, and there is no way to find out how many bytes have been read
		436	from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only provides the number of
		437	bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result value equals C<$length>
		438	one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been read.
		439
		440	Unlike with other C<aio_> functions, it makes a lot of sense to use
		441	C<aio_sendfile> on non-blocking sockets, as long as one end (typically
		442	the C<$in_fh>) is a file - the file I/O will then be asynchronous, while
		443	the socket I/O will be non-blocking. Note, however, that you can run into
		444	a trap where C<aio_sendfile> reads some data with readahead, then fails
		445	to write all data, and when the socket is ready the next time, the data
		446	in the cache is already lost, forcing C<aio_sendfile> to again hit the
		447	disk. Explicit C<aio_read> + C<aio_write> let's you control resource usage
		448	much better.
		449
255	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide	450	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide
256	zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a	451	zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a
257	socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to mmap'able file.	452	socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to an mmap'able file.
258		453
259	If the native sendfile call fails or is not implemented, it will be	454	If a native sendfile cannot be found or it fails with C<ENOSYS>,
		455	C<ENOTSUP>, C<EOPNOTSUPP>, C<EAFNOSUPPORT>, C<EPROTOTYPE> or C<ENOTSOCK>,
260	emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of filehandle	456	it will be emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of
261	regardless of the limitations of the operating system.	457	filehandle regardless of the limitations of the operating system.
262		458
263	Please note, however, that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from
264	C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many
265	bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only
266	provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result
267	value equals C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been
268	read.
269		459
270	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)	460	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
271		461
272	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that	462	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that
273	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>	463	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>
…		…
279	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.	469	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.
280		470
281	If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it will be	471	If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it will be
282	emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect.	472	emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect.
283		473
		474
284	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)	475	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
285		476
286	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)	477	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
287		478
288	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will	479	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will
…		…
293	for an explanation.	484	for an explanation.
294		485
295	Currently, the stats are always 64-bit-stats, i.e. instead of returning an	486	Currently, the stats are always 64-bit-stats, i.e. instead of returning an
296	error when stat'ing a large file, the results will be silently truncated	487	error when stat'ing a large file, the results will be silently truncated
297	unless perl itself is compiled with large file support.	488	unless perl itself is compiled with large file support.
		489
		490	To help interpret the mode and dev/rdev stat values, IO::AIO offers the
		491	following constants and functions (if not implemented, the constants will
		492	be C<0> and the functions will either C<croak> or fall back on traditional
		493	behaviour).
		494
		495	C<S_IFMT>, C<S_IFIFO>, C<S_IFCHR>, C<S_IFBLK>, C<S_IFLNK>, C<S_IFREG>,
		496	C<S_IFDIR>, C<S_IFWHT>, C<S_IFSOCK>, C<IO::AIO::major $dev_t>,
		497	C<IO::AIO::minor $dev_t>, C<IO::AIO::makedev $major, $minor>.
298		498
299	Example: Print the length of F</etc/passwd>:	499	Example: Print the length of F</etc/passwd>:
300		500
301	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {	501	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {
302	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";	502	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";
303	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";	503	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";
304	};	504	};
305		505
		506
		507	=item aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs)
		508
		509	Works like the POSIX C<statvfs> or C<fstatvfs> syscalls, depending on
		510	whether a file handle or path was passed.
		511
		512	On success, the callback is passed a hash reference with the following
		513	members: C<bsize>, C<frsize>, C<blocks>, C<bfree>, C<bavail>, C<files>,
		514	C<ffree>, C<favail>, C<fsid>, C<flag> and C<namemax>. On failure, C<undef>
		515	is passed.
		516
		517	The following POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* constants are defined: C<ST_RDONLY> and
		518	C<ST_NOSUID>.
		519
		520	The following non-POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* flag masks are defined to
		521	their correct value when available, or to C<0> on systems that do
		522	not support them: C<ST_NODEV>, C<ST_NOEXEC>, C<ST_SYNCHRONOUS>,
		523	C<ST_MANDLOCK>, C<ST_WRITE>, C<ST_APPEND>, C<ST_IMMUTABLE>, C<ST_NOATIME>,
		524	C<ST_NODIRATIME> and C<ST_RELATIME>.
		525
		526	Example: stat C</wd> and dump out the data if successful.
		527
		528	aio_statvfs "/wd", sub {
		529	my $f = $_[0]
		530	or die "statvfs: $!";
		531
		532	use Data::Dumper;
		533	say Dumper $f;
		534	};
		535
		536	# result:
		537	{
		538	bsize => 1024,
		539	bfree => 4333064312,
		540	blocks => 10253828096,
		541	files => 2050765568,
		542	flag => 4096,
		543	favail => 2042092649,
		544	bavail => 4333064312,
		545	ffree => 2042092649,
		546	namemax => 255,
		547	frsize => 1024,
		548	fsid => 1810
		549	}
		550
		551
		552	=item aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
		553
		554	Works like perl's C<utime> function (including the special case of $atime
		555	and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if the underlying
		556	syscalls support them.
		557
		558	When called with a pathname, uses utimes(2) if available, otherwise
		559	utime(2). If called on a file descriptor, uses futimes(2) if available,
		560	otherwise returns ENOSYS, so this is not portable.
		561
		562	Examples:
		563
		564	# set atime and mtime to current time (basically touch(1)):
		565	aio_utime "path", undef, undef;
		566	# set atime to current time and mtime to beginning of the epoch:
		567	aio_utime "path", time, undef; # undef==0
		568
		569
		570	=item aio_chown $fh_or_path, $uid, $gid, $callback->($status)
		571
		572	Works like perl's C<chown> function, except that C<undef> for either $uid
		573	or $gid is being interpreted as "do not change" (but -1 can also be used).
		574
		575	Examples:
		576
		577	# same as "chown root path" in the shell:
		578	aio_chown "path", 0, -1;
		579	# same as above:
		580	aio_chown "path", 0, undef;
		581
		582
		583	=item aio_truncate $fh_or_path, $offset, $callback->($status)
		584
		585	Works like truncate(2) or ftruncate(2).
		586
		587
		588	=item aio_chmod $fh_or_path, $mode, $callback->($status)
		589
		590	Works like perl's C<chmod> function.
		591
		592
306	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)	593	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
307		594
308	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the	595	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the
309	result code.	596	result code.
310		597
		598
		599	=item aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
		600
		601	[EXPERIMENTAL]
		602
		603	Asynchronously create a device node (or fifo). See mknod(2).
		604
		605	The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:
		606
		607	aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO | $mode, 0, sub { ...
		608
		609	See C<aio_stat> for info about some potentially helpful extra constants
		610	and functions.
		611
311	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	612	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
312		613
313	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	614	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
314	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	615	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
315		616
		617
316	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	618	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
317		619
318	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	620	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
319	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	621	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
320		622
		623
		624	=item aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link)
		625
		626	Asynchronously read the symlink specified by C<$path> and pass it to
		627	the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to the
		628	callback.
		629
		630
321	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	631	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
322		632
323	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as	633	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as
324	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.	634	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
325		635
		636
		637	=item aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status)
		638
		639	Asynchronously mkdir (create) a directory and call the callback with
		640	the result code. C<$mode> will be modified by the umask at the time the
		641	request is executed, so do not change your umask.
		642
		643
326	=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)	644	=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
327		645
328	Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the	646	Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the
329	result code.	647	result code.
		648
330		649
331	=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)	650	=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
332		651
333	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire	652	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire
334	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be	653	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be
335	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.	654	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
336		655
337	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref	656	The callback is passed a single argument which is either C<undef> or an
338	with the filenames.	657	array-ref with the filenames.
		658
		659
		660	=item aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
		661
		662	Quite similar to C<aio_readdir>, but the C<$flags> argument allows to tune
		663	behaviour and output format. In case of an error, C<$entries> will be
		664	C<undef>.
		665
		666	The flags are a combination of the following constants, ORed together (the
		667	flags will also be passed to the callback, possibly modified):
		668
		669	=over 4
		670
		671	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS
		672
		673	When this flag is off, then the callback gets an arrayref consisting of
		674	names only (as with C<aio_readdir>), otherwise it gets an arrayref with
		675	C<[$name, $type, $inode]> arrayrefs, each describing a single directory
		676	entry in more detail.
		677
		678	C<$name> is the name of the entry.
		679
		680	C<$type> is one of the C<IO::AIO::DT_xxx> constants:
		681
		682	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>, C<IO::AIO::DT_FIFO>, C<IO::AIO::DT_CHR>, C<IO::AIO::DT_DIR>,
		683	C<IO::AIO::DT_BLK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_REG>, C<IO::AIO::DT_LNK>, C<IO::AIO::DT_SOCK>,
		684	C<IO::AIO::DT_WHT>.
		685
		686	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN> means just that: readdir does not know. If you need to
		687	know, you have to run stat yourself. Also, for speed reasons, the C<$type>
		688	scalars are read-only: you can not modify them.
		689
		690	C<$inode> is the inode number (which might not be exact on systems with 64
		691	bit inode numbers and 32 bit perls). This field has unspecified content on
		692	systems that do not deliver the inode information.
		693
		694	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
		695
		696	When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order where
		697	likely directories come first. This is useful when you need to quickly
		698	find directories, or you want to find all directories while avoiding to
		699	stat() each entry.
		700
		701	If the system returns type information in readdir, then this is used
		702	to find directories directly. Otherwise, likely directories are files
		703	beginning with ".", or otherwise files with no dots, of which files with
		704	short names are tried first.
		705
		706	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER
		707
		708	When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an order
		709	suitable for stat()'ing each one. That is, when you plan to stat()
		710	all files in the given directory, then the returned order will likely
		711	be fastest.
		712
		713	If both this flag and C<IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST> are specified, then
		714	the likely dirs come first, resulting in a less optimal stat order.
		715
		716	=item IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
		717
		718	This flag should not be set when calling C<aio_readdirx>. Instead, it
		719	is being set by C<aio_readdirx>, when any of the C<$type>'s found were
		720	C<IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN>. The absense of this flag therefore indicates that all
		721	C<$type>'s are known, which can be used to speed up some algorithms.
		722
		723	=back
		724
		725
		726	=item aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)
		727
		728	This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into
		729	memory. Status is the same as with aio_read.
		730
		731	=cut
		732
		733	sub aio_load($$;$) {
		734	my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_;
		735	my $data = \$_[1];
		736
		737	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		738	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		739
		740	aioreq_pri $pri;
		741	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		742	my $fh = shift
		743	or return $grp->result (-1);
		744
		745	aioreq_pri $pri;
		746	add $grp aio_read $fh, 0, (-s $fh), $$data, 0, sub {
		747	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		748	};
		749	};
		750
		751	$grp
		752	}
		753
		754	=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		755
		756	Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		757	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		758	a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>).
		759
		760	This is a composite request that creates the destination file with
		761	mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using
		762	C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and
		763	uid/gid, in that order.
		764
		765	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
		766	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
		767	errors are being ignored.
		768
		769	=cut
		770
		771	sub aio_copy($$;$) {
		772	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		773
		774	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		775	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		776
		777	aioreq_pri $pri;
		778	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		779	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
		780	my @stat = stat $src_fh; # hmm, might block over nfs?
		781
		782	aioreq_pri $pri;
		783	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {
		784	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
		785	aioreq_pri $pri;
		786	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
		787	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
		788	$grp->result (0);
		789	close $src_fh;
		790
		791	my $ch = sub {
		792	aioreq_pri $pri;
		793	add $grp aio_chmod $dst_fh, $stat[2] & 07777, sub {
		794	aioreq_pri $pri;
		795	add $grp aio_chown $dst_fh, $stat[4], $stat[5], sub {
		796	aioreq_pri $pri;
		797	add $grp aio_close $dst_fh;
		798	}
		799	};
		800	};
		801
		802	aioreq_pri $pri;
		803	add $grp aio_utime $dst_fh, $stat[8], $stat[9], sub {
		804	if ($_[0] < 0 && $! == ENOSYS) {
		805	aioreq_pri $pri;
		806	add $grp aio_utime $dst, $stat[8], $stat[9], $ch;
		807	} else {
		808	$ch->();
		809	}
		810	};
		811	} else {
		812	$grp->result (-1);
		813	close $src_fh;
		814	close $dst_fh;
		815
		816	aioreq $pri;
		817	add $grp aio_unlink $dst;
		818	}
		819	};
		820	} else {
		821	$grp->result (-1);
		822	}
		823	},
		824
		825	} else {
		826	$grp->result (-1);
		827	}
		828	};
		829
		830	$grp
		831	}
		832
		833	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		834
		835	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		836	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		837	a status of C<0> (ok) or C<-1> (error, see C<$!>).
		838
		839	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first; if
		840	rename fails with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if
		841	that is successful, unlinks the C<$srcpath>.
		842
		843	=cut
		844
		845	sub aio_move($$;$) {
		846	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		847
		848	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		849	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		850
		851	aioreq_pri $pri;
		852	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
		853	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
		854	aioreq_pri $pri;
		855	add $grp aio_copy $src, $dst, sub {
		856	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		857
		858	if (!$_[0]) {
		859	aioreq_pri $pri;
		860	add $grp aio_unlink $src;
		861	}
		862	};
		863	} else {
		864	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		865	}
		866	};
		867
		868	$grp
		869	}
339		870
340	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)	871	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
341		872
342	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to	873	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
343	separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of names, ones	874	efficiently separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of
344	you can recurse into (directories or links to them), and ones you cannot	875	names, directories you can recurse into (directories), and ones you cannot
345	recurse into (everything else).	876	recurse into (everything else, including symlinks to directories).
346		877
347	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that consists of many sub	878	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_
348	requests. C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio	879	C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that
349	requests that this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a	880	this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default
350	suitable default will be chosen (currently 8).	881	will be chosen (currently 4).
351		882
352	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives	883	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives
353	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.	884	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.
354		885
355	Example:	886	Example:
…		…
362		893
363	Implementation notes.	894	Implementation notes.
364		895
365	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.	896	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.
366		897
		898	If readdir returns file type information, then this is used directly to
		899	find directories.
		900
367	After reading the directory, the modification time, size etc. of the	901	Otherwise, after reading the directory, the modification time, size etc.
368	directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they match (and	902	of the directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they
369	isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide how many	903	match (and isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide
370	entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the number	904	how many entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the
371	of subdirectories will be assumed.	905	number of subdirectories will be assumed.
372		906
373	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories (everything without	907	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories a non-initial dot
374	a non-initial dot currently) and likely non-directories (everything	908	currently) and likely non-directories (see C<aio_readdirx>). Then every
375	else). Then every entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed,	909	entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed, likely directories first,
376	likely directories first. If that succeeds, it assumes that the entry	910	in order of their inode numbers. If that succeeds, it assumes that the
377	is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked	911	entry is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked
378	seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because	912	seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because
379	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode	913	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode
380	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature).	914	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature), even on systems that cannot return
		915	the filetype information on readdir.
381		916
382	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the	917	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the
383	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.	918	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.
384		919
385	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which	920	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which
…		…
389	as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which disables the	924	as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which disables the
390	directory counting heuristic.	925	directory counting heuristic.
391		926
392	=cut	927	=cut
393		928
394	sub aio_scandir($$$) {	929	sub aio_scandir($$;$) {
395	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;	930	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
396		931
		932	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		933
		934	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		935
397	$maxreq = 8 if $maxreq <= 0;	936	$maxreq = 4 if $maxreq <= 0;
398		937
399	# stat once	938	# stat once
		939	aioreq_pri $pri;
400	aio_stat $path, sub {	940	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
401	return $cb->() if $_[0];	941	return $grp->result () if $_[0];
402	my $now = time;	942	my $now = time;
403	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	943	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
404		944
405	# read the directory entries	945	# read the directory entries
406	aio_readdir $path, sub {	946	aioreq_pri $pri;
		947	add $grp aio_readdirx $path, READDIR_DIRS_FIRST, sub {
407	my $entries = shift	948	my $entries = shift
408	or return $cb->();	949	or return $grp->result ();
409		950
410	# stat the dir another time	951	# stat the dir another time
		952	aioreq_pri $pri;
411	aio_stat $path, sub {	953	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
412	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	954	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
413		955
414	my $ndirs;	956	my $ndirs;
415		957
416	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy	958	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy
417	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {	959	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {
418	$ndirs = -1;	960	$ndirs = -1;
419	} else {	961	} else {
420	# if nlink == 2, we are finished	962	# if nlink == 2, we are finished
421	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2	963	# for non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2
422	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2	964	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2
423	or return $cb->([], $entries);	965	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);
424	}	966	}
425		967
426	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs
427	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first
428	$entries = [map $_->[0],
429	sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }
430	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
431	@$entries];
432
433	my (@dirs, @nondirs);	968	my (@dirs, @nondirs);
434		969
435	my ($statcb, $schedcb);	970	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {
436	my $nreq = 0;	971	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
		972	};
437		973
438	$schedcb = sub {	974	limit $statgrp $maxreq;
439	if (@$entries) {	975	feed $statgrp sub {
440	if ($nreq < $maxreq) {	976	return unless @$entries;
441	my $ent = pop @$entries;	977	my $entry = shift @$entries;
		978
		979	aioreq_pri $pri;
		980	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {
		981	if ($_[0] < 0) {
		982	push @nondirs, $entry;
		983	} else {
		984	# need to check for real directory
		985	aioreq_pri $pri;
		986	add $statgrp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
		987	if (-d _) {
		988	push @dirs, $entry;
		989
		990	unless (--$ndirs) {
		991	push @nondirs, @$entries;
		992	feed $statgrp;
		993	}
		994	} else {
		995	push @nondirs, $entry;
		996	}
442	$nreq++;	997	}
443	aio_stat "$path/$ent/.", sub { $statcb->($_[0], $ent) };
444	}	998	}
445	} elsif (!$nreq) {
446	# finished
447	undef $statcb;
448	undef $schedcb;
449	$cb->(\@dirs, \@nondirs) if $cb;
450	undef $cb;
451	}	999	};
452	};	1000	};
453	$statcb = sub {
454	my ($status, $entry) = @_;
455
456	if ($status < 0) {
457	$nreq--;
458	push @nondirs, $entry;
459	&$schedcb;
460	} else {
461	# need to check for real directory
462	aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
463	$nreq--;
464
465	if (-d _) {
466	push @dirs, $entry;
467
468	if (!--$ndirs) {
469	push @nondirs, @$entries;
470	$entries = [];
471	}
472	} else {
473	push @nondirs, $entry;
474	}
475
476	&$schedcb;
477	}
478	}
479	};
480
481	&$schedcb while @$entries && $nreq < $maxreq;
482	};	1001	};
483	};	1002	};
484	};	1003	};
		1004
		1005	$grp
485	}	1006	}
		1007
		1008	=item aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)
		1009
		1010	Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the
		1011	status of the final C<rmdir> only. This is a composite request that
		1012	uses C<aio_scandir> to recurse into and rmdir directories, and unlink
		1013	everything else.
		1014
		1015	=cut
		1016
		1017	sub aio_rmtree;
		1018	sub aio_rmtree($;$) {
		1019	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
		1020
		1021	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		1022	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		1023
		1024	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1025	add $grp aio_scandir $path, 0, sub {
		1026	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;
		1027
		1028	my $dirgrp = aio_group sub {
		1029	add $grp aio_rmdir $path, sub {
		1030	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		1031	};
		1032	};
		1033
		1034	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_rmtree "$path/$_" for @$dirs;
		1035	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_unlink "$path/$_" for @$nondirs;
		1036
		1037	add $grp $dirgrp;
		1038	};
		1039
		1040	$grp
		1041	}
		1042
		1043	=item aio_sync $callback->($status)
		1044
		1045	Asynchronously call sync and call the callback when finished.
486		1046
487	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)	1047	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
488		1048
489	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback	1049	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback
490	with the fsync result code.	1050	with the fsync result code.
…		…
495	callback with the fdatasync result code.	1055	callback with the fdatasync result code.
496		1056
497	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be	1057	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
498	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.	1058	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
499		1059
		1060	=item aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
		1061
		1062	Sync the data portion of the file specified by C<$offset> and C<$length>
		1063	to disk (but NOT the metadata), by calling the Linux-specific
		1064	sync_file_range call. If sync_file_range is not available or it returns
		1065	ENOSYS, then fdatasync or fsync is being substituted.
		1066
		1067	C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE>,
		1068	C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE> and
		1069	C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER>: refer to the sync_file_range
		1070	manpage for details.
		1071
		1072	=item aio_pathsync $path, $callback->($status)
		1073
		1074	This request tries to open, fsync and close the given path. This is a
		1075	composite request intended to sync directories after directory operations
		1076	(E.g. rename). This might not work on all operating systems or have any
		1077	specific effect, but usually it makes sure that directory changes get
		1078	written to disc. It works for anything that can be opened for read-only,
		1079	not just directories.
		1080
		1081	Future versions of this function might fall back to other methods when
		1082	C<fsync> on the directory fails (such as calling C<sync>).
		1083
		1084	Passes C<0> when everything went ok, and C<-1> on error.
		1085
		1086	=cut
		1087
		1088	sub aio_pathsync($;$) {
		1089	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
		1090
		1091	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		1092	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		1093
		1094	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1095	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		1096	my ($fh) = @_;
		1097	if ($fh) {
		1098	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1099	add $grp aio_fsync $fh, sub {
		1100	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		1101
		1102	aioreq_pri $pri;
		1103	add $grp aio_close $fh;
		1104	};
		1105	} else {
		1106	$grp->result (-1);
		1107	}
		1108	};
		1109
		1110	$grp
		1111	}
		1112
		1113	=item aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		1114
		1115	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which only works on mmap(2)ed
		1116	scalars (see the C<IO::AIO::mmap> function, although it also works on data
		1117	scalars managed by the L<Sys::Mmap> or L<Mmap> modules, note that the
		1118	scalar must only be modified in-place while an aio operation is pending on
		1119	it).
		1120
		1121	It calls the C<msync> function of your OS, if available, with the memory
		1122	area starting at C<$offset> in the string and ending C<$length> bytes
		1123	later. If C<$length> is negative, counts from the end, and if C<$length>
		1124	is C<undef>, then it goes till the end of the string. The flags can be
		1125	a combination of C<IO::AIO::MS_ASYNC>, C<IO::AIO::MS_INVALIDATE> and
		1126	C<IO::AIO::MS_SYNC>.
		1127
		1128	=item aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
		1129
		1130	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed
		1131	scalars.
		1132
		1133	It touches (reads or writes) all memory pages in the specified
		1134	range inside the scalar. All caveats and parameters are the same
		1135	as for C<aio_msync>, above, except for flags, which must be either
		1136	C<0> (which reads all pages and ensures they are instantiated) or
		1137	C<IO::AIO::MT_MODIFY>, which modifies the memory page s(by reading and
		1138	writing an octet from it, which dirties the page).
		1139
		1140	=item aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status)
		1141
		1142	This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on mmap(2)ed
		1143	scalars.
		1144
		1145	It reads in all the pages of the underlying storage into memory (if any)
		1146	and locks them, so they are not getting swapped/paged out or removed.
		1147
		1148	If C<$length> is undefined, then the scalar will be locked till the end.
		1149
		1150	On systems that do not implement C<mlock>, this function returns C<-1>
		1151	and sets errno to C<ENOSYS>.
		1152
		1153	Note that the corresponding C<munlock> is synchronous and is
		1154	documented under L<MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS>.
		1155
		1156	Example: open a file, mmap and mlock it - both will be undone when
		1157	C<$data> gets destroyed.
		1158
		1159	open my $fh, "<", $path or die "$path: $!";
		1160	my $data;
		1161	IO::AIO::mmap $data, -s $fh, IO::AIO::PROT_READ, IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED, $fh;
		1162	aio_mlock $data; # mlock in background
		1163
		1164	=item aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status)
		1165
		1166	Calls the C<mlockall> function with the given C<$flags> (a combination of
		1167	C<IO::AIO::MCL_CURRENT> and C<IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE>).
		1168
		1169	On systems that do not implement C<mlockall>, this function returns C<-1>
		1170	and sets errno to C<ENOSYS>.
		1171
		1172	Note that the corresponding C<munlockall> is synchronous and is
		1173	documented under L<MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS>.
		1174
		1175	Example: asynchronously lock all current and future pages into memory.
		1176
		1177	aio_mlockall IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE;
		1178
500	=item aio_group $callback->()	1179	=item aio_group $callback->(...)
501		1180
		1181	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
		1182	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
		1183	many requests into a single, composite, request with a definite callback
		1184	and the ability to cancel the whole request with its subrequests.
		1185
		1186	Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below
		1187	for more info.
		1188
		1189	Example:
		1190
		1191	my $grp = aio_group sub {
		1192	print "all stats done\n";
		1193	};
		1194
		1195	add $grp
		1196	(aio_stat ...),
		1197	(aio_stat ...),
		1198	...;
		1199
		1200	=item aio_nop $callback->()
		1201
		1202	This is a special request - it does nothing in itself and is only used for
		1203	side effects, such as when you want to add a dummy request to a group so
		1204	that finishing the requests in the group depends on executing the given
		1205	code.
		1206
		1207	While this request does nothing, it still goes through the execution
		1208	phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will not
		1209	be executed immediately but only after other requests in the queue have
		1210	entered their execution phase. This can be used to measure request
		1211	latency.
		1212
502	=item aio_sleep $fractional_seconds, $callback->() *NOT EXPORTED*	1213	=item IO::AIO::aio_busy $fractional_seconds, $callback->() *NOT EXPORTED*
503		1214
504	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of	1215	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of
505	the request workers to sleep for the given time.	1216	the request workers to sleep for the given time.
506		1217
		1218	While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests
		1219	like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates is
		1220	immense (it blocks a thread for a long time) so do not use this function
		1221	except to put your application under artificial I/O pressure.
		1222
507	=back	1223	=back
508		1224
509	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS	1225	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS
510		1226
511	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when	1227	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when
512	called in non-void context.	1228	called in non-void context.
513		1229
514	A request always moves through the following five states in its lifetime,
515	in order: B<ready> (request has been created, but has not been executed
516	yet), B<execute> (request is currently being executed), B<pending>
517	(request has been executed but callback has not been called yet),
518	B<result> (results are being processed synchronously, includes calling the
519	callback) and B<done> (request has reached the end of its lifetime and
520	holds no resources anymore).
521
522	=over 4	1230	=over 4
523		1231
524	=item $req->cancel	1232	=item cancel $req
525		1233
526	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution	1234	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution
527	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when	1235	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when
528	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise	1236	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise
529	untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be	1237	untouched (with the exception of readdir). That means that requests that
530	stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.	1238	currently execute will not be stopped and resources held by the request
		1239	will not be freed prematurely.
		1240
		1241	=item cb $req $callback->(...)
		1242
		1243	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.
531		1244
532	=back	1245	=back
533		1246
		1247	=head2 IO::AIO::GRP CLASS
		1248
		1249	This class is a subclass of L<IO::AIO::REQ>, so all its methods apply to
		1250	objects of this class, too.
		1251
		1252	A IO::AIO::GRP object is a special request that can contain multiple other
		1253	aio requests.
		1254
		1255	You create one by calling the C<aio_group> constructing function with a
		1256	callback that will be called when all contained requests have entered the
		1257	C<done> state:
		1258
		1259	my $grp = aio_group sub {
		1260	print "all requests are done\n";
		1261	};
		1262
		1263	You add requests by calling the C<add> method with one or more
		1264	C<IO::AIO::REQ> objects:
		1265
		1266	$grp->add (aio_unlink "...");
		1267
		1268	add $grp aio_stat "...", sub {
		1269	$_[0] or return $grp->result ("error");
		1270
		1271	# add another request dynamically, if first succeeded
		1272	add $grp aio_open "...", sub {
		1273	$grp->result ("ok");
		1274	};
		1275	};
		1276
		1277	This makes it very easy to create composite requests (see the source of
		1278	C<aio_move> for an application) that work and feel like simple requests.
		1279
		1280	=over 4
		1281
		1282	=item * The IO::AIO::GRP objects will be cleaned up during calls to
		1283	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb>, just like any other request.
		1284
		1285	=item * They can be canceled like any other request. Canceling will cancel not
		1286	only the request itself, but also all requests it contains.
		1287
		1288	=item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.
		1289
		1290	=item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or
		1291	any later time).
		1292
		1293	=back
		1294
		1295	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
		1296	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
		1297	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
		1298	exist.
		1299
		1300	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests
		1301	(precisely before the callback has been invoked, which is only done within
		1302	the C<poll_cb>). And in the callbacks of those requests, you can add
		1303	further requests to the group. And only when all those requests have
		1304	finished will the the group itself finish.
		1305
		1306	=over 4
		1307
		1308	=item add $grp ...
		1309
		1310	=item $grp->add (...)
		1311
		1312	Add one or more requests to the group. Any type of L<IO::AIO::REQ> can
		1313	be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular
		1314	dependencies.
		1315
		1316	Returns all its arguments.
		1317
		1318	=item $grp->cancel_subs
		1319
		1320	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request
		1321	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.
		1322
		1323	The group request will finish normally (you cannot add requests to the
		1324	group).
		1325
		1326	=item $grp->result (...)
		1327
		1328	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
		1329	subrequests have finished and set the groups errno to the current value
		1330	of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default,
		1331	no argument will be passed and errno is zero.
		1332
		1333	=item $grp->errno ([$errno])
		1334
		1335	Sets the group errno value to C<$errno>, or the current value of errno
		1336	when the argument is missing.
		1337
		1338	Every aio request has an associated errno value that is restored when
		1339	the callback is invoked. This method lets you change this value from its
		1340	default (0).
		1341
		1342	Calling C<result> will also set errno, so make sure you either set C<$!>
		1343	before the call to C<result>, or call c<errno> after it.
		1344
		1345	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
		1346
		1347	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
		1348	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
		1349	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
		1350	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For example,
		1351	C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat> requests,
		1352	delaying any later requests for a long time.
		1353
		1354	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can
		1355	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The
		1356	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,
		1357	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more
		1358	requests.
		1359
		1360	The feed callback can queue as many requests as it likes (i.e. C<add> does
		1361	not impose any limits).
		1362
		1363	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be
		1364	automatically removed from the group.
		1365
		1366	If the feed limit is C<0> when this method is called, it will be set to
		1367	C<2> automatically.
		1368
		1369	Example:
		1370
		1371	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:
		1372
		1373	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "finished\n" };
		1374	limit $grp 4;
		1375	feed $grp sub {
		1376	my $file = pop @files
		1377	or return;
		1378
		1379	add $grp aio_stat $file, sub { ... };
		1380	};
		1381
		1382	=item limit $grp $num
		1383
		1384	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever
		1385	the group contains less than this many requests.
		1386
		1387	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.
		1388
		1389	The default value for the limit is C<0>, but note that setting a feeder
		1390	automatically bumps it up to C<2>.
		1391
		1392	=back
		1393
534	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS	1394	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
535		1395
		1396	=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
		1397
536	=over 4	1398	=over 4
537		1399
538	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno	1400	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
539		1401
540	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be	1402	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be
541	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event or	1403	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. EV, Glib,
542	select, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable you have	1404	select and so on, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable
543	to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.	1405	you have to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.
544		1406
545	See C<poll_cb> for an example.	1407	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
546		1408
547	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb	1409	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
548		1410
549	Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this	1411	Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call
550	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately	1412	this regularly. Returns C<0> if all events could be processed (or there
551	when no events are outstanding.	1413	were no events to process), or C<-1> if it returned earlier for whatever
		1414	reason. Returns immediately when no events are outstanding. The amount of
		1415	events processed depends on the settings of C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and
		1416	C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.
		1417
		1418	If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle
		1419	will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns, so normally you don't have to
		1420	do anything special to have it called later.
552		1421
553	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls	1422	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
554	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:	1423	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority (more examples can be found in the
		1424	SYNOPSIS section, at the top of this document):
555		1425
556	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	1426	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
557	poll => 'r', async => 1,	1427	poll => 'r', async => 1,
558	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	1428	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
559		1429
560	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait	1430	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
561		1431
		1432	If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result
562	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a	1433	phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply
563	C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait	1434	does a C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to
564	for some requests to finish).	1435	synchronously wait for some requests to finish).
565		1436
566	See C<nreqs> for an example.	1437	See C<nreqs> for an example.
567		1438
		1439	=item IO::AIO::poll
		1440
		1441	Waits until some requests have been handled.
		1442
		1443	Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly
		1444	equivalent to:
		1445
		1446	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1447
568	=item IO::AIO::nreqs	1448	=item IO::AIO::flush
569		1449
570	Returns the number of requests currently outstanding (i.e. for which their	1450	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
571	callback has not been invoked yet).
572		1451
573	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:	1452	Strictly equivalent to:
574		1453
575	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb	1454	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
576	while IO::AIO::nreqs;	1455	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
577		1456
578	=item IO::AIO::flush	1457	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
579		1458
580	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.	1459	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
581		1460
582	Strictly equivalent to:	1461	These set the maximum number of requests (default C<0>, meaning infinity)
		1462	that are being processed by C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> in one call, respectively
		1463	the maximum amount of time (default C<0>, meaning infinity) spent in
		1464	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> to process requests (more correctly the mininum amount
		1465	of time C<poll_cb> is allowed to use).
583		1466
584	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb	1467	Setting C<max_poll_time> to a non-zero value creates an overhead of one
585	while IO::AIO::nreqs;	1468	syscall per request processed, which is not normally a problem unless your
		1469	callbacks are really really fast or your OS is really really slow (I am
		1470	not mentioning Solaris here). Using C<max_poll_reqs> incurs no overhead.
586		1471
587	=item IO::AIO::poll	1472	Setting these is useful if you want to ensure some level of
		1473	interactiveness when perl is not fast enough to process all requests in
		1474	time.
588		1475
589	Waits until some requests have been handled.	1476	For interactive programs, values such as C<0.01> to C<0.1> should be fine.
590		1477
591	Strictly equivalent to:	1478	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
		1479	IO::AIO::poll_cb with low priority, to ensure that other parts of the
		1480	program get the CPU sometimes even under high AIO load.
592		1481
593	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb	1482	# try not to spend much more than 0.1s in poll_cb
594	if IO::AIO::nreqs;	1483	IO::AIO::max_poll_time 0.1;
		1484
		1485	# use a low priority so other tasks have priority
		1486	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1487	poll => 'r', nice => 1,
		1488	cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1489
		1490	=back
		1491
		1492	=head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS
		1493
		1494	=over
595		1495
596	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads	1496	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
597		1497
598	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current default	1498	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current
599	is C<4>, which means four asynchronous operations can be done at one time	1499	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute
600	(the number of outstanding operations, however, is unlimited).	1500	concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests,
		1501	however, is unlimited).
601		1502
602	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and	1503	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and
603	no free thread exists.	1504	no free thread exists. Please note that queueing up a hundred requests can
		1505	create demand for a hundred threads, even if it turns out that everything
		1506	is in the cache and could have been processed faster by a single thread.
604		1507
605	It is recommended to keep the number of threads low, as some Linux	1508	It is recommended to keep the number of threads relatively low, as some
606	kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads (higher	1509	Linux kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads
607	parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6 versions, 4-32	1510	(higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6
608	threads should be fine.	1511	versions, 4-32 threads should be fine.
609		1512
610	Under most circumstances you don't need to call this function, as the	1513	Under most circumstances you don't need to call this function, as the
611	module selects a default that is suitable for low to moderate load.	1514	module selects a default that is suitable for low to moderate load.
612		1515
613	=item IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads	1516	=item IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
…		…
622	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure	1525	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure
623	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.	1526	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.
624		1527
625	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	1528	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
626		1529
		1530	=item IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
		1531
		1532	Limit the number of threads (default: 4) that are allowed to idle
		1533	(i.e., threads that did not get a request to process within the idle
		1534	timeout (default: 10 seconds). That means if a thread becomes idle while
		1535	C<$nthreads> other threads are also idle, it will free its resources and
		1536	exit.
		1537
		1538	This is useful when you allow a large number of threads (e.g. 100 or 1000)
		1539	to allow for extremely high load situations, but want to free resources
		1540	under normal circumstances (1000 threads can easily consume 30MB of RAM).
		1541
		1542	The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread
		1543	creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might
		1544	want to use larger values.
		1545
		1546	=item IO::AIO::idle_timeout $seconds
		1547
		1548	Sets the minimum idle timeout (default 10) after which worker threads are
		1549	allowed to exit. SEe C<IO::AIO::max_idle>.
		1550
627	=item $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs	1551	=item IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
		1552
		1553	This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it
		1554	blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better
		1555	use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.
628		1556
629	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you	1557	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you
630	try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will block until	1558	do queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to the
631	some requests have been handled.	1559	C<poll_cb> (and C<poll_some> and other functions calling C<poll_cb>)
		1560	function will block until the limit is no longer exceeded.
632		1561
633	The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. If you	1562	The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the
634	queue up many requests in a loop it often improves speed if you set	1563	number of outstanding requests.
635	this to a relatively low number, such as C<100>.
636		1564
637	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	1565	You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore,
		1566	C<max_outstanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or
		1567	as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values).
638		1568
639	=back	1569	=back
640		1570
		1571	=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION
		1572
		1573	=over
		1574
		1575	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
		1576
		1577	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready, execute or pending
		1578	states (i.e. for which their callback has not been invoked yet).
		1579
		1580	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:
		1581
		1582	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1583	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
		1584
		1585	=item IO::AIO::nready
		1586
		1587	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready state (not yet
		1588	executed).
		1589
		1590	=item IO::AIO::npending
		1591
		1592	Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,
		1593	but not yet processed by poll_cb).
		1594
		1595	=back
		1596
		1597	=head3 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
		1598
		1599	IO::AIO implements some functions that might be useful, but are not
		1600	asynchronous.
		1601
		1602	=over 4
		1603
		1604	=item IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
		1605
		1606	Calls the C<eio_sendfile_sync> function, which is like C<aio_sendfile>,
		1607	but is blocking (this makes most sense if you know the input data is
		1608	likely cached already and the output filehandle is set to non-blocking
		1609	operations).
		1610
		1611	Returns the number of bytes copied, or C<-1> on error.
		1612
		1613	=item IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
		1614
		1615	Simply calls the C<posix_fadvise> function (see its
		1616	manpage for details). The following advice constants are
		1617	avaiable: C<IO::AIO::FADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_SEQUENTIAL>,
		1618	C<IO::AIO::FADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_NOREUSE>,
		1619	C<IO::AIO::FADV_WILLNEED>, C<IO::AIO::FADV_DONTNEED>.
		1620
		1621	On systems that do not implement C<posix_fadvise>, this function returns
		1622	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_fadvise>.
		1623
		1624	=item IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $len, $advice
		1625
		1626	Simply calls the C<posix_madvise> function (see its
		1627	manpage for details). The following advice constants are
		1628	avaiable: C<IO::AIO::MADV_NORMAL>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_SEQUENTIAL>,
		1629	C<IO::AIO::MADV_RANDOM>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_WILLNEED>, C<IO::AIO::MADV_DONTNEED>.
		1630
		1631	On systems that do not implement C<posix_madvise>, this function returns
		1632	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<posix_madvise>.
		1633
		1634	=item IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $len, $protect
		1635
		1636	Simply calls the C<mprotect> function on the preferably AIO::mmap'ed
		1637	$scalar (see its manpage for details). The following protect
		1638	constants are avaiable: C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ>,
		1639	C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>.
		1640
		1641	On systems that do not implement C<mprotect>, this function returns
		1642	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<mprotect>.
		1643
		1644	=item IO::AIO::mmap $scalar, $length, $prot, $flags, $fh[, $offset]
		1645
		1646	Memory-maps a file (or anonymous memory range) and attaches it to the
		1647	given C<$scalar>, which will act like a string scalar.
		1648
		1649	The only operations allowed on the scalar are C<substr>/C<vec> that don't
		1650	change the string length, and most read-only operations such as copying it
		1651	or searching it with regexes and so on.
		1652
		1653	Anything else is unsafe and will, at best, result in memory leaks.
		1654
		1655	The memory map associated with the C<$scalar> is automatically removed
		1656	when the C<$scalar> is destroyed, or when the C<IO::AIO::mmap> or
		1657	C<IO::AIO::munmap> functions are called.
		1658
		1659	This calls the C<mmap>(2) function internally. See your system's manual
		1660	page for details on the C<$length>, C<$prot> and C<$flags> parameters.
		1661
		1662	The C<$length> must be larger than zero and smaller than the actual
		1663	filesize.
		1664
		1665	C<$prot> is a combination of C<IO::AIO::PROT_NONE>, C<IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC>,
		1666	C<IO::AIO::PROT_READ> and/or C<IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE>,
		1667
		1668	C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED> or
		1669	C<IO::AIO::MAP_PRIVATE>, or a number of system-specific flags (when
		1670	not available, the are defined as 0): C<IO::AIO::MAP_ANONYMOUS>
		1671	(which is set to C<MAP_ANON> if your system only provides this
		1672	constant), C<IO::AIO::MAP_HUGETLB>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_LOCKED>,
		1673	C<IO::AIO::MAP_NORESERVE>, C<IO::AIO::MAP_POPULATE> or
		1674	C<IO::AIO::MAP_NONBLOCK>
		1675
		1676	If C<$fh> is C<undef>, then a file descriptor of C<-1> is passed.
		1677
		1678	C<$offset> is the offset from the start of the file - it generally must be
		1679	a multiple of C<IO::AIO::PAGESIZE> and defaults to C<0>.
		1680
		1681	Example:
		1682
		1683	use Digest::MD5;
		1684	use IO::AIO;
		1685
		1686	open my $fh, "<verybigfile"
		1687	or die "$!";
		1688
		1689	IO::AIO::mmap my $data, -s $fh, IO::AIO::PROT_READ, IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED, $fh
		1690	or die "verybigfile: $!";
		1691
		1692	my $fast_md5 = md5 $data;
		1693
		1694	=item IO::AIO::munmap $scalar
		1695
		1696	Removes a previous mmap and undefines the C<$scalar>.
		1697
		1698	=item IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef
		1699
		1700	Calls the C<munlock> function, undoing the effects of a previous
		1701	C<aio_mlock> call (see its description for details).
		1702
		1703	=item IO::AIO::munlockall
		1704
		1705	Calls the C<munlockall> function.
		1706
		1707	On systems that do not implement C<munlockall>, this function returns
		1708	ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of C<munlockall>.
		1709
		1710	=back
		1711
641	=cut	1712	=cut
642		1713
643	# support function to convert a fd into a perl filehandle
644	sub _fd2fh {
645	return undef if $_[0] < 0;
646
647	# try to generate nice filehandles
648	my $sym = "IO::AIO::fd#$_[0]";
649	local *$sym;
650
651	open *$sym, "+<&=$_[0]" # usually works under any unix
652	or open *$sym, "<&=$_[0]" # cygwin needs this
653	or open *$sym, ">&=$_[0]" # or this
654	or return undef;
655
656	*$sym
657	}
658
659	min_parallel 4;	1714	min_parallel 8;
660		1715
661	END {	1716	END { flush }
662	max_parallel 0;
663	}
664		1717
665	1;	1718	1;
		1719
		1720	=head1 EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
		1721
		1722	It is recommended to use L<AnyEvent::AIO> to integrate IO::AIO
		1723	automatically into many event loops:
		1724
		1725	# AnyEvent integration (EV, Event, Glib, Tk, POE, urxvt, pureperl...)
		1726	use AnyEvent::AIO;
		1727
		1728	You can also integrate IO::AIO manually into many event loops, here are
		1729	some examples of how to do this:
		1730
		1731	# EV integration
		1732	my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
		1733
		1734	# Event integration
		1735	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1736	poll => 'r',
		1737	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1738
		1739	# Glib/Gtk2 integration
		1740	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1741	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
		1742
		1743	# Tk integration
		1744	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
		1745	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1746
		1747	# Danga::Socket integration
		1748	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
		1749	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
666		1750
667	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR	1751	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR
668		1752
669	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:	1753	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:
670		1754
671	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests	1755	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests
672	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After	1756	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After
673	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues	1757	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues
674	request/result processing, while the child clears the request/result	1758	request/result processing, while the child frees the request/result queue
675	queue (so the requests started before the fork will only be handled in	1759	(so that the requests started before the fork will only be handled in the
676	the parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit ste in the	1760	parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit set in the
677	parent process has been reached again.	1761	parent process has been reached again.
678		1762
679	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had	1763	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had
680	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used	1764	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used
681	yet.	1765	yet.
682		1766
		1767	=head2 MEMORY USAGE
		1768
		1769	Per-request usage:
		1770
		1771	Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 100-200
		1772	bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly
		1773	a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl
		1774	scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and
		1775	will consume memory till the request has entered the done state.
		1776
		1777	This is not awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a
		1778	problem.
		1779
		1780	Per-thread usage:
		1781
		1782	In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for
		1783	temporary buffers, and each thread requires a stack and other data
		1784	structures (usually around 16k-128k, depending on the OS).
		1785
		1786	=head1 KNOWN BUGS
		1787
		1788	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.
		1789
683	=head1 SEE ALSO	1790	=head1 SEE ALSO
684		1791
685	L<Coro>, L<Linux::AIO> (obsolete).	1792	L<AnyEvent::AIO> for easy integration into event loops, L<Coro::AIO> for a
		1793	more natural syntax.
686		1794
687	=head1 AUTHOR	1795	=head1 AUTHOR
688		1796
689	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	1797	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
690	http://home.schmorp.de/	1798	http://home.schmorp.de/

Diff Legend

–	Removed lines
+	Added lines
<	Changed lines
>	Changed lines