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Revision 1.57 by root, Sun Oct 22 01:28:31 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.147 by root, Wed Jun 3 12:24:49 2009 UTC

…		…
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use IO::AIO;	7	use IO::AIO;
8		8
9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
10	my ($fh) = @_;	10	my $fh = shift
		11	or die "/etc/passwd: $!";
11	...	12	...
12	};	13	};
13		14
14	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };	15	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
15		16
…		…
18	};	19	};
19		20
20	# version 2+ has request and group objects	21	# version 2+ has request and group objects
21	use IO::AIO 2;	22	use IO::AIO 2;
22		23
		24	aioreq_pri 4; # give next request a very high priority
23	my $req = aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };	25	my $req = aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
24	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue	26	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue
25		27
26	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };	28	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };
27	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;	29	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;
28		30
		31	# AnyEvent integration (EV, Event, Glib, Tk, POE, urxvt, pureperl...)
		32	use AnyEvent::AIO;
		33
29	# AnyEvent integration	34	# EV integration
30	open my $fh, "<&=" . IO::AIO::poll_fileno or die "$!";	35	my $w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
31	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => 'r', cb => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb });
32		36
33	# Event integration	37	# Event integration
34	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	38	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
35	poll => 'r',	39	poll => 'r',
36	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	40	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
…		…
50	=head1 DESCRIPTION	54	=head1 DESCRIPTION
51		55
52	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your	56	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
53	operating system supports.	57	operating system supports.
54		58
		59	Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program
		60	(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation
		61	will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This
		62	is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even
		63	when doing heavy I/O (GUI programs, high performance network servers
		64	etc.), but can also be used to easily do operations in parallel that are
		65	normally done sequentially, e.g. stat'ing many files, which is much faster
		66	on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations
		67	concurrently.
		68
		69	While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for
		70	example sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that
		71	support nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is very
		72	inefficient. Use an event loop for that (such as the L<Event|Event>
		73	module): IO::AIO will naturally fit into such an event loop itself.
		74
55	Currently, a number of threads are started that execute your read/writes	75	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your
56	and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in your libc or	76	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support
57	perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible to the	77	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible
58	pthreads library. In the future, this module might make use of the native	78	to perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio
59	aio functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often	79	functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often
60	not well-supported (Linux doesn't allow them on normal files currently,	80	not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal
61	for example), and they would only support aio_read and aio_write, so the	81	files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and
62	remaining functionality would have to be implemented using threads anyway.	82	aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented
		83	using threads anyway.
63		84
64	Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads, it is	85	Although the module will work in the presence of other (Perl-) threads,
65	currently not reentrant, so use appropriate locking yourself, always call	86	it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate locking
66	C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never call C<poll_cb> (or other	87	yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never
67	C<aio_> functions) recursively.	88	call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
		89
		90	=head2 EXAMPLE
		91
		92	This is a simple example that uses the Event module and loads
		93	F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:
		94
		95	use Fcntl;
		96	use Event;
		97	use IO::AIO;
		98
		99	# register the IO::AIO callback with Event
		100	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		101	poll => 'r',
		102	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		103
		104	# queue the request to open /etc/passwd
		105	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		106	my $fh = shift
		107	or die "error while opening: $!";
		108
		109	# stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking
		110	my $size = -s $fh;
		111
		112	# queue a request to read the file
		113	my $contents;
		114	aio_read $fh, 0, $size, $contents, 0, sub {
		115	$_[0] == $size
		116	or die "short read: $!";
		117
		118	close $fh;
		119
		120	# file contents now in $contents
		121	print $contents;
		122
		123	# exit event loop and program
		124	Event::unloop;
		125	};
		126	};
		127
		128	# possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,
		129	# check for sockets etc. etc.
		130
		131	# process events as long as there are some:
		132	Event::loop;
		133
		134	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME
		135
		136	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not
		137	directly visible to Perl.
		138
		139	If called in non-void context, every request function returns a Perl
		140	object representing the request. In void context, nothing is returned,
		141	which saves a bit of memory.
		142
		143	The perl object is a fairly standard ref-to-hash object. The hash contents
		144	are not used by IO::AIO so you are free to store anything you like in it.
		145
		146	During their existance, aio requests travel through the following states,
		147	in order:
		148
		149	=over 4
		150
		151	=item ready
		152
		153	Immediately after a request is created it is put into the ready state,
		154	waiting for a thread to execute it.
		155
		156	=item execute
		157
		158	A thread has accepted the request for processing and is currently
		159	executing it (e.g. blocking in read).
		160
		161	=item pending
		162
		163	The request has been executed and is waiting for result processing.
		164
		165	While request submission and execution is fully asynchronous, result
		166	processing is not and relies on the perl interpreter calling C<poll_cb>
		167	(or another function with the same effect).
		168
		169	=item result
		170
		171	The request results are processed synchronously by C<poll_cb>.
		172
		173	The C<poll_cb> function will process all outstanding aio requests by
		174	calling their callbacks, freeing memory associated with them and managing
		175	any groups they are contained in.
		176
		177	=item done
		178
		179	Request has reached the end of its lifetime and holds no resources anymore
		180	(except possibly for the Perl object, but its connection to the actual
		181	aio request is severed and calling its methods will either do nothing or
		182	result in a runtime error).
		183
		184	=back
68		185
69	=cut	186	=cut
70		187
71	package IO::AIO;	188	package IO::AIO;
		189
		190	use Carp ();
72		191
73	no warnings;	192	no warnings;
74	use strict 'vars';	193	use strict 'vars';
75		194
76	use base 'Exporter';	195	use base 'Exporter';
77		196
78	BEGIN {	197	BEGIN {
79	our $VERSION = '2.0';	198	our $VERSION = '3.19';
80		199
81	our @EXPORT = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat	200	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close
82	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink	201	aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir
83	aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link aio_move	202	aio_scandir aio_symlink aio_readlink aio_sync aio_fsync
84	aio_group);	203	aio_fdatasync aio_sync_file_range aio_pathsync aio_readahead
85	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb min_parallel max_parallel max_outstanding nreqs);	204	aio_rename aio_link aio_move aio_copy aio_group
		205	aio_nop aio_mknod aio_load aio_rmtree aio_mkdir aio_chown
		206	aio_chmod aio_utime aio_truncate);
		207
		208	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice));
		209	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
		210	min_parallel max_parallel max_idle
		211	nreqs nready npending nthreads
		212	max_poll_time max_poll_reqs);
		213
		214	push @AIO_REQ, qw(aio_busy); # not exported
86		215
87	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';	216	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
88		217
89	require XSLoader;	218	require XSLoader;
90	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);	219	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
91	}	220	}
92		221
93	=head1 FUNCTIONS	222	=head1 FUNCTIONS
94		223
95	=head2 AIO FUNCTIONS	224	=head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS
96		225
97	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall	226	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
98	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,	227	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
99	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument	228	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
100	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with	229	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
101	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike	230	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike
102	perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given	231	perl, which usually delivers "false") as its sole argument after the given
103	syscall has been executed asynchronously.	232	syscall has been executed asynchronously.
104		233
105	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle	234	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
106	internally until the request has finished.	235	internally until the request has finished.
107		236
108	All requests return objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow further	237	All functions return request objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow
109	manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.	238	further manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.
110		239
111	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and	240	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and
112	encoded in byte form. The reason for the former is that at the time the	241	encoded as octets. The reason for the former is that at the time the
113	request is being executed, the current working directory could have	242	request is being executed, the current working directory could have
114	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the	243	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the
115	current working directory.	244	current working directory anywhere in the program and then use relative
		245	paths.
116		246
117	To encode pathnames to byte form, either make sure you either: a)	247	To encode pathnames as octets, either make sure you either: a) always pass
118	always pass in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir	248	in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir etc.) without
119	etc.), b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode	249	tinkering, b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode
120	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user	250	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
121	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)	251	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
122	use something else.	252	use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.
		253
		254	This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO
		255	handles correctly whether it is set or not.
123		256
124	=over 4	257	=over 4
		258
		259	=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
		260
		261	Returns the priority value that would be used for the next request and, if
		262	C<$pri> is given, sets the priority for the next aio request.
		263
		264	The default priority is C<0>, the minimum and maximum priorities are C<-4>
		265	and C<4>, respectively. Requests with higher priority will be serviced
		266	first.
		267
		268	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each call to one of the C<aio_*>
		269	functions.
		270
		271	Example: open a file with low priority, then read something from it with
		272	higher priority so the read request is serviced before other low priority
		273	open requests (potentially spamming the cache):
		274
		275	aioreq_pri -3;
		276	aio_open ..., sub {
		277	return unless $_[0];
		278
		279	aioreq_pri -2;
		280	aio_read $_[0], ..., sub {
		281	...
		282	};
		283	};
		284
		285
		286	=item aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
		287
		288	Similar to C<aioreq_pri>, but subtracts the given value from the current
		289	priority, so the effect is cumulative.
		290
125		291
126	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)	292	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
127		293
128	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly	294	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly
129	created filehandle for the file.	295	created filehandle for the file.
…		…
135	list. They are the same as used by C<sysopen>.	301	list. They are the same as used by C<sysopen>.
136		302
137	Likewise, C<$mode> specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it	303	Likewise, C<$mode> specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it
138	didn't exist and C<O_CREAT> has been given, just like perl's C<sysopen>,	304	didn't exist and C<O_CREAT> has been given, just like perl's C<sysopen>,
139	except that it is mandatory (i.e. use C<0> if you don't create new files,	305	except that it is mandatory (i.e. use C<0> if you don't create new files,
140	and C<0666> or C<0777> if you do).	306	and C<0666> or C<0777> if you do). Note that the C<$mode> will be modified
		307	by the umask in effect then the request is being executed, so better never
		308	change the umask.
141		309
142	Example:	310	Example:
143		311
144	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	312	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
145	if ($_[0]) {	313	if ($_[0]) {
…		…
148	} else {	316	} else {
149	die "open failed: $!\n";	317	die "open failed: $!\n";
150	}	318	}
151	};	319	};
152		320
		321
153	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)	322	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
154		323
155	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result	324	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result
156	code. I<WARNING:> although accepted, you should not pass in a perl	325	code.
157	filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor another
158	time when the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can safely call perls
159	C<close> or just let filehandles go out of scope.
160		326
161	This is supposed to be a bug in the API, so that might change. It's	327	Unfortunately, you can't do this to perl. Perl I<insists> very strongly on
162	therefore best to avoid this function.	328	closing the file descriptor associated with the filehandle itself.
		329
		330	Therefore, C<aio_close> will not close the filehandle - instead it will
		331	use dup2 to overwrite the file descriptor with the write-end of a pipe
		332	(the pipe fd will be created on demand and will be cached).
		333
		334	Or in other words: the file descriptor will be closed, but it will not be
		335	free for reuse until the perl filehandle is closed.
		336
		337	=cut
163		338
164	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)	339	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
165		340
166	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)	341	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
167		342
168	Reads or writes C<length> bytes from the specified C<fh> and C<offset>	343	Reads or writes C<$length> bytes from or to the specified C<$fh> and
169	into the scalar given by C<data> and offset C<dataoffset> and calls the	344	C<$offset> into the scalar given by C<$data> and offset C<$dataoffset>
170	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just	345	and calls the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on
171	like the syscall).	346	error, just like the syscall).
		347
		348	C<aio_read> will, like C<sysread>, shrink or grow the C<$data> scalar to
		349	offset plus the actual number of bytes read.
		350
		351	If C<$offset> is undefined, then the current file descriptor offset will
		352	be used (and updated), otherwise the file descriptor offset will not be
		353	changed by these calls.
		354
		355	If C<$length> is undefined in C<aio_write>, use the remaining length of
		356	C<$data>.
		357
		358	If C<$dataoffset> is less than zero, it will be counted from the end of
		359	C<$data>.
172		360
173	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request	361	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request
174	is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or WW3 (if the	362	is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or World War III (if
175	necessary/optional hardware is installed).	363	the necessary/optional hardware is installed).
176		364
177	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, starting at	365	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, starting at
178	offset C<0> within the scalar:	366	offset C<0> within the scalar:
179		367
180	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {	368	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {
181	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";	369	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
182	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";	370	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";
183	};	371	};
184		372
185	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
186
187	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
188	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
189	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
190
191	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If
192	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it creates the destination file with mode 0200
193	and copies the contents of the source file into it using C<aio_sendfile>,
194	followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, in that
195	order, and unlinking the C<$srcpath>.
196
197	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
198	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
199	errors are being ignored.
200
201	=cut
202
203	sub aio_move($$$) {
204	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
205
206	my $grp = aio_group;
207
208	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
209	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
210	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
211	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
212	my @stat = stat $src_fh;
213
214	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_WRONLY, 0200, sub {
215	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
216	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
217	close $src_fh;
218
219	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
220	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
221	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
222	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
223	close $dst_fh;
224
225	add $grp aio_unlink $src, sub {
226	$cb->($_[0]);
227	};
228	} else {
229	my $errno = $!;
230	add $grp aio_unlink $dst, sub {
231	$! = $errno;
232	$cb->(-1);
233	};
234	}
235	};
236	} else {
237	$cb->(-1);
238	}
239	},
240
241	} else {
242	$cb->(-1);
243	}
244	};
245	} else {
246	$cb->($_[0]);
247	}
248	};
249
250	$grp
251	}
252		373
253	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)	374	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
254		375
255	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts	376	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts
256	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current	377	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current
…		…
270	C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many	391	C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many
271	bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only	392	bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only
272	provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result	393	provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result
273	value equals C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been	394	value equals C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been
274	read.	395	read.
		396
275		397
276	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)	398	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
277		399
278	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that	400	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that
279	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>	401	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>
…		…
285	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.	407	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.
286		408
287	If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it will be	409	If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it will be
288	emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect.	410	emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect.
289		411
		412
290	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)	413	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
291		414
292	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)	415	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
293		416
294	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will	417	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will
…		…
307	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {	430	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {
308	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";	431	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";
309	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";	432	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";
310	};	433	};
311		434
		435
		436	=item aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
		437
		438	Works like perl's C<utime> function (including the special case of $atime
		439	and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if the underlying
		440	syscalls support them.
		441
		442	When called with a pathname, uses utimes(2) if available, otherwise
		443	utime(2). If called on a file descriptor, uses futimes(2) if available,
		444	otherwise returns ENOSYS, so this is not portable.
		445
		446	Examples:
		447
		448	# set atime and mtime to current time (basically touch(1)):
		449	aio_utime "path", undef, undef;
		450	# set atime to current time and mtime to beginning of the epoch:
		451	aio_utime "path", time, undef; # undef==0
		452
		453
		454	=item aio_chown $fh_or_path, $uid, $gid, $callback->($status)
		455
		456	Works like perl's C<chown> function, except that C<undef> for either $uid
		457	or $gid is being interpreted as "do not change" (but -1 can also be used).
		458
		459	Examples:
		460
		461	# same as "chown root path" in the shell:
		462	aio_chown "path", 0, -1;
		463	# same as above:
		464	aio_chown "path", 0, undef;
		465
		466
		467	=item aio_truncate $fh_or_path, $offset, $callback->($status)
		468
		469	Works like truncate(2) or ftruncate(2).
		470
		471
		472	=item aio_chmod $fh_or_path, $mode, $callback->($status)
		473
		474	Works like perl's C<chmod> function.
		475
		476
312	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)	477	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
313		478
314	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the	479	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the
315	result code.	480	result code.
316		481
		482
		483	=item aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
		484
		485	[EXPERIMENTAL]
		486
		487	Asynchronously create a device node (or fifo). See mknod(2).
		488
		489	The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:
		490
		491	aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO | $mode, 0, sub { ...
		492
		493
317	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	494	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
318		495
319	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	496	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
320	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	497	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
321		498
		499
322	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	500	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
323		501
324	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	502	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
325	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	503	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
326		504
		505
		506	=item aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link)
		507
		508	Asynchronously read the symlink specified by C<$path> and pass it to
		509	the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to the
		510	callback.
		511
		512
327	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	513	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
328		514
329	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as	515	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as
330	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.	516	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
331		517
		518
		519	=item aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status)
		520
		521	Asynchronously mkdir (create) a directory and call the callback with
		522	the result code. C<$mode> will be modified by the umask at the time the
		523	request is executed, so do not change your umask.
		524
		525
332	=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)	526	=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
333		527
334	Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the	528	Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the
335	result code.	529	result code.
		530
336		531
337	=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)	532	=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
338		533
339	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire	534	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire
340	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be	535	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be
341	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.	536	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
342		537
343	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref	538	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref
344	with the filenames.	539	with the filenames.
345		540
		541
		542	=item aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status)
		543
		544	This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file into
		545	memory. Status is the same as with aio_read.
		546
		547	=cut
		548
		549	sub aio_load($$;$) {
		550	my ($path, undef, $cb) = @_;
		551	my $data = \$_[1];
		552
		553	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		554	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		555
		556	aioreq_pri $pri;
		557	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		558	my $fh = shift
		559	or return $grp->result (-1);
		560
		561	aioreq_pri $pri;
		562	add $grp aio_read $fh, 0, (-s $fh), $$data, 0, sub {
		563	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		564	};
		565	};
		566
		567	$grp
		568	}
		569
		570	=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		571
		572	Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		573	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		574	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
		575
		576	This is a composite request that creates the destination file with
		577	mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using
		578	C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and
		579	uid/gid, in that order.
		580
		581	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
		582	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
		583	errors are being ignored.
		584
		585	=cut
		586
		587	sub aio_copy($$;$) {
		588	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		589
		590	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		591	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		592
		593	aioreq_pri $pri;
		594	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		595	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
		596	my @stat = stat $src_fh; # hmm, might bock over nfs?
		597
		598	aioreq_pri $pri;
		599	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {
		600	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
		601	aioreq_pri $pri;
		602	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
		603	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
		604	$grp->result (0);
		605	close $src_fh;
		606
		607	my $ch = sub {
		608	aioreq_pri $pri;
		609	add $grp aio_chmod $dst_fh, $stat[2] & 07777, sub {
		610	aioreq_pri $pri;
		611	add $grp aio_chown $dst_fh, $stat[4], $stat[5], sub {
		612	aioreq_pri $pri;
		613	add $grp aio_close $dst_fh;
		614	}
		615	};
		616	};
		617
		618	aioreq_pri $pri;
		619	add $grp aio_utime $dst_fh, $stat[8], $stat[9], sub {
		620	if ($_[0] < 0 && $! == ENOSYS) {
		621	aioreq_pri $pri;
		622	add $grp aio_utime $dst, $stat[8], $stat[9], $ch;
		623	} else {
		624	$ch->();
		625	}
		626	};
		627	} else {
		628	$grp->result (-1);
		629	close $src_fh;
		630	close $dst_fh;
		631
		632	aioreq $pri;
		633	add $grp aio_unlink $dst;
		634	}
		635	};
		636	} else {
		637	$grp->result (-1);
		638	}
		639	},
		640
		641	} else {
		642	$grp->result (-1);
		643	}
		644	};
		645
		646	$grp
		647	}
		648
		649	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		650
		651	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		652	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		653	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
		654
		655	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first; if
		656	rename fails with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if
		657	that is successful, unlinks the C<$srcpath>.
		658
		659	=cut
		660
		661	sub aio_move($$;$) {
		662	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		663
		664	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		665	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		666
		667	aioreq_pri $pri;
		668	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
		669	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
		670	aioreq_pri $pri;
		671	add $grp aio_copy $src, $dst, sub {
		672	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		673
		674	if (!$_[0]) {
		675	aioreq_pri $pri;
		676	add $grp aio_unlink $src;
		677	}
		678	};
		679	} else {
		680	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		681	}
		682	};
		683
		684	$grp
		685	}
		686
346	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)	687	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
347		688
348	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to	689	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
349	separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of names, ones	690	efficiently separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of
350	you can recurse into (directories or links to them), and ones you cannot	691	names, directories you can recurse into (directories), and ones you cannot
351	recurse into (everything else).	692	recurse into (everything else, including symlinks to directories).
352		693
353	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that consists of many sub	694	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_
354	requests. C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio	695	C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that
355	requests that this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a	696	this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default
356	suitable default will be chosen (currently 8).	697	will be chosen (currently 4).
357		698
358	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives	699	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives
359	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.	700	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.
360		701
361	Example:	702	Example:
…		…
395	as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which disables the	736	as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which disables the
396	directory counting heuristic.	737	directory counting heuristic.
397		738
398	=cut	739	=cut
399		740
400	sub aio_scandir($$$) {	741	sub aio_scandir($$;$) {
401	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;	742	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
402		743
		744	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		745
403	my $grp = aio_group;	746	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
404		747
405	$maxreq = 8 if $maxreq <= 0;	748	$maxreq = 4 if $maxreq <= 0;
406		749
407	# stat once	750	# stat once
		751	aioreq_pri $pri;
408	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {	752	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
409	return $cb->() if $_[0];	753	return $grp->result () if $_[0];
410	my $now = time;	754	my $now = time;
411	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	755	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
412		756
413	# read the directory entries	757	# read the directory entries
		758	aioreq_pri $pri;
414	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {	759	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {
415	my $entries = shift	760	my $entries = shift
416	or return $cb->();	761	or return $grp->result ();
417		762
418	# stat the dir another time	763	# stat the dir another time
		764	aioreq_pri $pri;
419	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {	765	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
420	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	766	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
421		767
422	my $ndirs;	768	my $ndirs;
423		769
…		…
426	$ndirs = -1;	772	$ndirs = -1;
427	} else {	773	} else {
428	# if nlink == 2, we are finished	774	# if nlink == 2, we are finished
429	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2	775	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2
430	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2	776	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2
431	or return $cb->([], $entries);	777	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);
432	}	778	}
433		779
434	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs	780	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs
435	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first	781	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first
436	$entries = [map $_->[0],	782	$entries = [map $_->[0],
…		…
438	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],	784	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
439	@$entries];	785	@$entries];
440		786
441	my (@dirs, @nondirs);	787	my (@dirs, @nondirs);
442		788
443	my ($statcb, $schedcb);	789	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {
444	my $nreq = 0;	790	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
		791	};
445		792
446	$schedcb = sub {	793	limit $statgrp $maxreq;
447	if (@$entries) {	794	feed $statgrp sub {
448	if ($nreq < $maxreq) {	795	return unless @$entries;
449	my $ent = pop @$entries;	796	my $entry = pop @$entries;
		797
		798	aioreq_pri $pri;
		799	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {
		800	if ($_[0] < 0) {
		801	push @nondirs, $entry;
		802	} else {
		803	# need to check for real directory
		804	aioreq_pri $pri;
		805	add $statgrp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
		806	if (-d _) {
		807	push @dirs, $entry;
		808
		809	unless (--$ndirs) {
		810	push @nondirs, @$entries;
		811	feed $statgrp;
		812	}
		813	} else {
		814	push @nondirs, $entry;
		815	}
450	$nreq++;	816	}
451	add $grp aio_stat "$path/$ent/.", sub { $statcb->($_[0], $ent) };
452	}	817	}
453	} elsif (!$nreq) {
454	# finished
455	undef $statcb;
456	undef $schedcb;
457	$cb->(\@dirs, \@nondirs) if $cb;
458	undef $cb;
459	}	818	};
460	};	819	};
461	$statcb = sub {
462	my ($status, $entry) = @_;
463
464	if ($status < 0) {
465	$nreq--;
466	push @nondirs, $entry;
467	&$schedcb;
468	} else {
469	# need to check for real directory
470	add $grp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
471	$nreq--;
472
473	if (-d _) {
474	push @dirs, $entry;
475
476	if (!--$ndirs) {
477	push @nondirs, @$entries;
478	$entries = [];
479	}
480	} else {
481	push @nondirs, $entry;
482	}
483
484	&$schedcb;
485	}
486	}
487	};
488
489	&$schedcb while @$entries && $nreq < $maxreq;
490	};	820	};
491	};	821	};
492	};	822	};
493		823
494	$grp	824	$grp
495	}	825	}
496		826
		827	=item aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status)
		828
		829	Delete a directory tree starting (and including) C<$path>, return the
		830	status of the final C<rmdir> only. This is a composite request that
		831	uses C<aio_scandir> to recurse into and rmdir directories, and unlink
		832	everything else.
		833
		834	=cut
		835
		836	sub aio_rmtree;
		837	sub aio_rmtree($;$) {
		838	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
		839
		840	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		841	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		842
		843	aioreq_pri $pri;
		844	add $grp aio_scandir $path, 0, sub {
		845	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;
		846
		847	my $dirgrp = aio_group sub {
		848	add $grp aio_rmdir $path, sub {
		849	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		850	};
		851	};
		852
		853	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_rmtree "$path/$_" for @$dirs;
		854	(aioreq_pri $pri), add $dirgrp aio_unlink "$path/$_" for @$nondirs;
		855
		856	add $grp $dirgrp;
		857	};
		858
		859	$grp
		860	}
		861
		862	=item aio_sync $callback->($status)
		863
		864	Asynchronously call sync and call the callback when finished.
		865
497	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)	866	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
498		867
499	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback	868	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback
500	with the fsync result code.	869	with the fsync result code.
501		870
…		…
505	callback with the fdatasync result code.	874	callback with the fdatasync result code.
506		875
507	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be	876	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
508	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.	877	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
509		878
		879	=item aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
		880
		881	Sync the data portion of the file specified by C<$offset> and C<$length>
		882	to disk (but NOT the metadata), by calling the Linux-specific
		883	sync_file_range call. If sync_file_range is not available or it returns
		884	ENOSYS, then fdatasync or fsync is being substituted.
		885
		886	C<$flags> can be a combination of C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE>,
		887	C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE> and
		888	C<IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER>: refer to the sync_file_range
		889	manpage for details.
		890
		891	=item aio_pathsync $path, $callback->($status)
		892
		893	This request tries to open, fsync and close the given path. This is a
		894	composite request intended to sync directories after directory operations
		895	(E.g. rename). This might not work on all operating systems or have any
		896	specific effect, but usually it makes sure that directory changes get
		897	written to disc. It works for anything that can be opened for read-only,
		898	not just directories.
		899
		900	Passes C<0> when everything went ok, and C<-1> on error.
		901
		902	=cut
		903
		904	sub aio_pathsync($;$) {
		905	my ($path, $cb) = @_;
		906
		907	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		908	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		909
		910	aioreq_pri $pri;
		911	add $grp aio_open $path, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		912	my ($fh) = @_;
		913	if ($fh) {
		914	aioreq_pri $pri;
		915	add $grp aio_fsync $fh, sub {
		916	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		917
		918	aioreq_pri $pri;
		919	add $grp aio_close $fh;
		920	};
		921	} else {
		922	$grp->result (-1);
		923	}
		924	};
		925
		926	$grp
		927	}
		928
510	=item aio_group $callback->()	929	=item aio_group $callback->(...)
511
512	[EXPERIMENTAL]
513		930
514	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a	931	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
515	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle	932	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
516	many requests into a single, composite, request.	933	many requests into a single, composite, request with a definite callback
		934	and the ability to cancel the whole request with its subrequests.
517		935
518	Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below	936	Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below
519	for more info.	937	for more info.
520		938
521	Example:	939	Example:
…		…
527	add $grp	945	add $grp
528	(aio_stat ...),	946	(aio_stat ...),
529	(aio_stat ...),	947	(aio_stat ...),
530	...;	948	...;
531		949
		950	=item aio_nop $callback->()
		951
		952	This is a special request - it does nothing in itself and is only used for
		953	side effects, such as when you want to add a dummy request to a group so
		954	that finishing the requests in the group depends on executing the given
		955	code.
		956
		957	While this request does nothing, it still goes through the execution
		958	phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will not
		959	be executed immediately but only after other requests in the queue have
		960	entered their execution phase. This can be used to measure request
		961	latency.
		962
532	=item IO::AIO::aio_sleep $fractional_seconds, $callback->() *NOT EXPORTED*	963	=item IO::AIO::aio_busy $fractional_seconds, $callback->() *NOT EXPORTED*
533		964
534	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of	965	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of
535	the request workers to sleep for the given time.	966	the request workers to sleep for the given time.
536		967
537	While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests	968	While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests
538	like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates	969	like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates is
539	is immense, so do not use this function except to put your application	970	immense (it blocks a thread for a long time) so do not use this function
540	under artificial I/O pressure.	971	except to put your application under artificial I/O pressure.
541		972
542	=back	973	=back
543		974
544	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS	975	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS
545		976
546	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when	977	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when
547	called in non-void context.	978	called in non-void context.
548		979
549	A request always moves through the following five states in its lifetime,
550	in order: B<ready> (request has been created, but has not been executed
551	yet), B<execute> (request is currently being executed), B<pending>
552	(request has been executed but callback has not been called yet),
553	B<result> (results are being processed synchronously, includes calling the
554	callback) and B<done> (request has reached the end of its lifetime and
555	holds no resources anymore).
556
557	=over 4	980	=over 4
558		981
559	=item $req->cancel	982	=item cancel $req
560		983
561	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution	984	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution
562	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when	985	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when
563	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise	986	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise
564	untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be	987	untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be
565	stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.	988	stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.
566		989
		990	=item cb $req $callback->(...)
		991
		992	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.
		993
567	=back	994	=back
568		995
569	=head2 IO::AIO::GRP CLASS	996	=head2 IO::AIO::GRP CLASS
570		997
571	This class is a subclass of L<IO::AIO::REQ>, so all its methods apply to	998	This class is a subclass of L<IO::AIO::REQ>, so all its methods apply to
…		…
585	You add requests by calling the C<add> method with one or more	1012	You add requests by calling the C<add> method with one or more
586	C<IO::AIO::REQ> objects:	1013	C<IO::AIO::REQ> objects:
587		1014
588	$grp->add (aio_unlink "...");	1015	$grp->add (aio_unlink "...");
589		1016
590	add $grp aio_stat "...", sub { ... };	1017	add $grp aio_stat "...", sub {
		1018	$_[0] or return $grp->result ("error");
		1019
		1020	# add another request dynamically, if first succeeded
		1021	add $grp aio_open "...", sub {
		1022	$grp->result ("ok");
		1023	};
		1024	};
591		1025
592	This makes it very easy to create composite requests (see the source of	1026	This makes it very easy to create composite requests (see the source of
593	C<aio_move> for an application) that work and feel like simple requests.	1027	C<aio_move> for an application) that work and feel like simple requests.
594		1028
		1029	=over 4
		1030
595	The IO::AIO::GRP objects will be cleaned up during calls to	1031	=item * The IO::AIO::GRP objects will be cleaned up during calls to
596	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb>, just like any other request.	1032	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb>, just like any other request.
597		1033
598	They can be canceled like any other request. Canceling will cancel not	1034	=item * They can be canceled like any other request. Canceling will cancel not
599	just the request itself, but also all requests it contains.	1035	only the request itself, but also all requests it contains.
600		1036
601	They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.	1037	=item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.
		1038
		1039	=item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or
		1040	any later time).
		1041
		1042	=back
602		1043
603	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they	1044	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
604	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the	1045	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
605	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to	1046	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
606	exist.	1047	exist.
607		1048
608	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests. And	1049	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests
609	in the callbacks of those requests, you can add further requests to the	1050	(precisely before the callback has been invoked, which is only done within
610	group. And only when all those requests have finished will the the group	1051	the C<poll_cb>). And in the callbacks of those requests, you can add
611	itself finish.	1052	further requests to the group. And only when all those requests have
		1053	finished will the the group itself finish.
612		1054
613	=over 4	1055	=over 4
614		1056
		1057	=item add $grp ...
		1058
615	=item $grp->add (...)	1059	=item $grp->add (...)
616
617	=item add $grp ...
618		1060
619	Add one or more requests to the group. Any type of L<IO::AIO::REQ> can	1061	Add one or more requests to the group. Any type of L<IO::AIO::REQ> can
620	be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular	1062	be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular
621	dependencies.	1063	dependencies.
622		1064
623	Returns all its arguments.	1065	Returns all its arguments.
624		1066
		1067	=item $grp->cancel_subs
		1068
		1069	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request
		1070	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.
		1071
		1072	=item $grp->result (...)
		1073
		1074	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
		1075	subrequests have finished and set the groups errno to the current value
		1076	of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default,
		1077	no argument will be passed and errno is zero.
		1078
		1079	=item $grp->errno ([$errno])
		1080
		1081	Sets the group errno value to C<$errno>, or the current value of errno
		1082	when the argument is missing.
		1083
		1084	Every aio request has an associated errno value that is restored when
		1085	the callback is invoked. This method lets you change this value from its
		1086	default (0).
		1087
		1088	Calling C<result> will also set errno, so make sure you either set C<$!>
		1089	before the call to C<result>, or call c<errno> after it.
		1090
		1091	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
		1092
		1093	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
		1094	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
		1095	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
		1096	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For example,
		1097	C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat> requests,
		1098	delaying any later requests for a long time.
		1099
		1100	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can
		1101	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The
		1102	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,
		1103	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more
		1104	requests.
		1105
		1106	The feed callback can queue as many requests as it likes (i.e. C<add> does
		1107	not impose any limits).
		1108
		1109	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be
		1110	automatically removed from the group.
		1111
		1112	If the feed limit is C<0> when this method is called, it will be set to
		1113	C<2> automatically.
		1114
		1115	Example:
		1116
		1117	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:
		1118
		1119	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "finished\n" };
		1120	limit $grp 4;
		1121	feed $grp sub {
		1122	my $file = pop @files
		1123	or return;
		1124
		1125	add $grp aio_stat $file, sub { ... };
		1126	};
		1127
		1128	=item limit $grp $num
		1129
		1130	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever
		1131	the group contains less than this many requests.
		1132
		1133	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.
		1134
		1135	The default value for the limit is C<0>, but note that setting a feeder
		1136	automatically bumps it up to C<2>.
		1137
625	=back	1138	=back
626		1139
627	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS	1140	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
		1141
		1142	=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
628		1143
629	=over 4	1144	=over 4
630		1145
631	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno	1146	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
632		1147
…		…
637		1152
638	See C<poll_cb> for an example.	1153	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
639		1154
640	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb	1155	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
641		1156
642	Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this	1157	Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
643	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately	1158	regularly. Returns C<0> if all events could be processed, or C<-1> if it
644	when no events are outstanding.	1159	returned earlier for whatever reason. Returns immediately when no events
		1160	are outstanding. The amount of events processed depends on the settings of
		1161	C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.
		1162
		1163	If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle
		1164	will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns, so normally you don't have to
		1165	do anything special to have it called later.
645		1166
646	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls	1167	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
647	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:	1168	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:
648		1169
649	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	1170	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
650	poll => 'r', async => 1,	1171	poll => 'r', async => 1,
651	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	1172	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
652		1173
		1174	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
		1175
		1176	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
		1177
		1178	These set the maximum number of requests (default C<0>, meaning infinity)
		1179	that are being processed by C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> in one call, respectively
		1180	the maximum amount of time (default C<0>, meaning infinity) spent in
		1181	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> to process requests (more correctly the mininum amount
		1182	of time C<poll_cb> is allowed to use).
		1183
		1184	Setting C<max_poll_time> to a non-zero value creates an overhead of one
		1185	syscall per request processed, which is not normally a problem unless your
		1186	callbacks are really really fast or your OS is really really slow (I am
		1187	not mentioning Solaris here). Using C<max_poll_reqs> incurs no overhead.
		1188
		1189	Setting these is useful if you want to ensure some level of
		1190	interactiveness when perl is not fast enough to process all requests in
		1191	time.
		1192
		1193	For interactive programs, values such as C<0.01> to C<0.1> should be fine.
		1194
		1195	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
		1196	IO::AIO::poll_cb with low priority, to ensure that other parts of the
		1197	program get the CPU sometimes even under high AIO load.
		1198
		1199	# try not to spend much more than 0.1s in poll_cb
		1200	IO::AIO::max_poll_time 0.1;
		1201
		1202	# use a low priority so other tasks have priority
		1203	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		1204	poll => 'r', nice => 1,
		1205	cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		1206
653	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait	1207	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
654		1208
		1209	If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result
655	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a	1210	phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply
656	C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait	1211	does a C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to
657	for some requests to finish).	1212	synchronously wait for some requests to finish).
658		1213
659	See C<nreqs> for an example.	1214	See C<nreqs> for an example.
660		1215
		1216	=item IO::AIO::poll
		1217
		1218	Waits until some requests have been handled.
		1219
		1220	Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly
		1221	equivalent to:
		1222
		1223	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1224
661	=item IO::AIO::nreqs	1225	=item IO::AIO::flush
662		1226
663	Returns the number of requests currently outstanding (i.e. for which their	1227	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
664	callback has not been invoked yet).
665		1228
666	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:	1229	Strictly equivalent to:
667		1230
668	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb	1231	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
669	while IO::AIO::nreqs;	1232	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
670		1233
671	=item IO::AIO::flush	1234	=back
672		1235
673	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.	1236	=head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS
674		1237
675	Strictly equivalent to:	1238	=over
676
677	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
678	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
679
680	=item IO::AIO::poll
681
682	Waits until some requests have been handled.
683
684	Strictly equivalent to:
685
686	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
687	if IO::AIO::nreqs;
688		1239
689	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads	1240	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
690		1241
691	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current default	1242	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current
692	is C<4>, which means four asynchronous operations can be done at one time	1243	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute
693	(the number of outstanding operations, however, is unlimited).	1244	concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests,
		1245	however, is unlimited).
694		1246
695	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and	1247	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and
696	no free thread exists.	1248	no free thread exists. Please note that queueing up a hundred requests can
		1249	create demand for a hundred threads, even if it turns out that everything
		1250	is in the cache and could have been processed faster by a single thread.
697		1251
698	It is recommended to keep the number of threads low, as some Linux	1252	It is recommended to keep the number of threads relatively low, as some
699	kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads (higher	1253	Linux kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads
700	parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6 versions, 4-32	1254	(higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6
701	threads should be fine.	1255	versions, 4-32 threads should be fine.
702		1256
703	Under most circumstances you don't need to call this function, as the	1257	Under most circumstances you don't need to call this function, as the
704	module selects a default that is suitable for low to moderate load.	1258	module selects a default that is suitable for low to moderate load.
705		1259
706	=item IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads	1260	=item IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
…		…
715	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure	1269	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure
716	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.	1270	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.
717		1271
718	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	1272	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
719		1273
		1274	=item IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
		1275
		1276	Limit the number of threads (default: 4) that are allowed to idle (i.e.,
		1277	threads that did not get a request to process within 10 seconds). That
		1278	means if a thread becomes idle while C<$nthreads> other threads are also
		1279	idle, it will free its resources and exit.
		1280
		1281	This is useful when you allow a large number of threads (e.g. 100 or 1000)
		1282	to allow for extremely high load situations, but want to free resources
		1283	under normal circumstances (1000 threads can easily consume 30MB of RAM).
		1284
		1285	The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread
		1286	creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might
		1287	want to use larger values.
		1288
720	=item $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs	1289	=item IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
		1290
		1291	This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it
		1292	blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better
		1293	use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.
721		1294
722	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you	1295	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you
723	try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will block until	1296	do queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to the
724	some requests have been handled.	1297	C<poll_cb> (and C<poll_some> and other functions calling C<poll_cb>)
		1298	function will block until the limit is no longer exceeded.
725		1299
726	The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. If you	1300	The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the
727	queue up many requests in a loop it often improves speed if you set	1301	number of outstanding requests.
728	this to a relatively low number, such as C<100>.
729		1302
730	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	1303	You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore,
		1304	C<max_outstanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or
		1305	as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values).
731		1306
732	=back	1307	=back
733		1308
		1309	=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION
		1310
		1311	=over
		1312
		1313	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
		1314
		1315	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready, execute or pending
		1316	states (i.e. for which their callback has not been invoked yet).
		1317
		1318	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:
		1319
		1320	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1321	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
		1322
		1323	=item IO::AIO::nready
		1324
		1325	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready state (not yet
		1326	executed).
		1327
		1328	=item IO::AIO::npending
		1329
		1330	Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,
		1331	but not yet processed by poll_cb).
		1332
		1333	=back
		1334
734	=cut	1335	=cut
735		1336
736	# support function to convert a fd into a perl filehandle
737	sub _fd2fh {
738	return undef if $_[0] < 0;
739
740	# try to generate nice filehandles
741	my $sym = "IO::AIO::fd#$_[0]";
742	local *$sym;
743
744	open *$sym, "+<&=$_[0]" # usually works under any unix
745	or open *$sym, "<&=$_[0]" # cygwin needs this
746	or open *$sym, ">&=$_[0]" # or this
747	or return undef;
748
749	*$sym
750	}
751
752	min_parallel 4;	1337	min_parallel 8;
753		1338
754	END {	1339	END { flush }
755	max_parallel 0;
756	}
757		1340
758	1;	1341	1;
759		1342
760	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR	1343	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR
761		1344
762	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:	1345	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:
763		1346
764	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests	1347	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests
765	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After	1348	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After
766	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues	1349	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues
767	request/result processing, while the child clears the request/result	1350	request/result processing, while the child frees the request/result queue
768	queue (so the requests started before the fork will only be handled in	1351	(so that the requests started before the fork will only be handled in the
769	the parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit ste in the	1352	parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit set in the
770	parent process has been reached again.	1353	parent process has been reached again.
771		1354
772	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had	1355	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had
773	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used	1356	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used
774	yet.	1357	yet.
775		1358
		1359	=head2 MEMORY USAGE
		1360
		1361	Per-request usage:
		1362
		1363	Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 100-200
		1364	bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly
		1365	a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl
		1366	scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and
		1367	will consume memory till the request has entered the done state.
		1368
		1369	This is not awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a
		1370	problem.
		1371
		1372	Per-thread usage:
		1373
		1374	In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for
		1375	temporary buffers, and each thread requires a stack and other data
		1376	structures (usually around 16k-128k, depending on the OS).
		1377
		1378	=head1 KNOWN BUGS
		1379
		1380	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.
		1381
776	=head1 SEE ALSO	1382	=head1 SEE ALSO
777		1383
778	L<Coro>, L<Linux::AIO> (obsolete).	1384	L<AnyEvent::AIO> for easy integration into event loops, L<Coro::AIO> for a
		1385	more natural syntax.
779		1386
780	=head1 AUTHOR	1387	=head1 AUTHOR
781		1388
782	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	1389	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
783	http://home.schmorp.de/	1390	http://home.schmorp.de/

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