[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/IO-AIO/AIO.pm

Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.62 by root, Sun Oct 22 21:13:47 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.91 by root, Mon Oct 30 23:30:29 2006 UTC

…		…
18	};	18	};
19		19
20	# version 2+ has request and group objects	20	# version 2+ has request and group objects
21	use IO::AIO 2;	21	use IO::AIO 2;
22		22
		23	aioreq_pri 4; # give next request a very high priority
23	my $req = aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };	24	my $req = aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
24	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue	25	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue
25		26
26	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };	27	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };
27	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;	28	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;
…		…
50	=head1 DESCRIPTION	51	=head1 DESCRIPTION
51		52
52	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your	53	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
53	operating system supports.	54	operating system supports.
54		55
		56	Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program
		57	(e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation
		58	will still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This
		59	is extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even
		60	when doing heavy I/O (GUI programs, high performance network servers
		61	etc.), but can also be used to easily do operations in parallel that are
		62	normally done sequentially, e.g. stat'ing many files, which is much faster
		63	on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat operations
		64	concurrently.
		65
		66	While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for example
		67	sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that support
		68	nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is very inefficient or
		69	might not work (aio_read fails on sockets/pipes/fifos). Use an event loop
		70	for that (such as the L<Event\|Event> module): IO::AIO will naturally fit
		71	into such an event loop itself.
		72
55	Currently, a number of threads are started that execute your read/writes	73	In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your
56	and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in your libc or	74	requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support
57	perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible to the	75	in perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible
58	pthreads library. In the future, this module might make use of the native	76	to perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio
59	aio functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often	77	functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often
60	not well-supported (Linux doesn't allow them on normal files currently,	78	not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal
61	for example), and they would only support aio_read and aio_write, so the	79	files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and
62	remaining functionality would have to be implemented using threads anyway.	80	aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented
		81	using threads anyway.
63		82
64	Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads, it is	83	Although the module will work with in the presence of other (Perl-)
65	currently not reentrant, so use appropriate locking yourself, always call	84	threads, it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate
66	C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never call C<poll_cb> (or other	85	locking yourself, always call C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or
67	C<aio_> functions) recursively.	86	never call C<poll_cb> (or other C<aio_> functions) recursively.
		87
		88	=head2 EXAMPLE
		89
		90	This is a simple example that uses the Event module and loads
		91	F</etc/passwd> asynchronously:
		92
		93	use Fcntl;
		94	use Event;
		95	use IO::AIO;
		96
		97	# register the IO::AIO callback with Event
		98	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		99	poll => 'r',
		100	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		101
		102	# queue the request to open /etc/passwd
		103	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		104	my $fh = $_[0]
		105	or die "error while opening: $!";
		106
		107	# stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking
		108	my $size = -s $fh;
		109
		110	# queue a request to read the file
		111	my $contents;
		112	aio_read $fh, 0, $size, $contents, 0, sub {
		113	$_[0] == $size
		114	or die "short read: $!";
		115
		116	close $fh;
		117
		118	# file contents now in $contents
		119	print $contents;
		120
		121	# exit event loop and program
		122	Event::unloop;
		123	};
		124	};
		125
		126	# possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,
		127	# check for sockets etc. etc.
		128
		129	# process events as long as there are some:
		130	Event::loop;
		131
		132	=head1 REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME
		133
		134	Every C<aio_*> function creates a request. which is a C data structure not
		135	directly visible to Perl.
		136
		137	If called in non-void context, every request function returns a Perl
		138	object representing the request. In void context, nothing is returned,
		139	which saves a bit of memory.
		140
		141	The perl object is a fairly standard ref-to-hash object. The hash contents
		142	are not used by IO::AIO so you are free to store anything you like in it.
		143
		144	During their existance, aio requests travel through the following states,
		145	in order:
		146
		147	=over 4
		148
		149	=item ready
		150
		151	Immediately after a request is created it is put into the ready state,
		152	waiting for a thread to execute it.
		153
		154	=item execute
		155
		156	A thread has accepted the request for processing and is currently
		157	executing it (e.g. blocking in read).
		158
		159	=item pending
		160
		161	The request has been executed and is waiting for result processing.
		162
		163	While request submission and execution is fully asynchronous, result
		164	processing is not and relies on the perl interpreter calling C<poll_cb>
		165	(or another function with the same effect).
		166
		167	=item result
		168
		169	The request results are processed synchronously by C<poll_cb>.
		170
		171	The C<poll_cb> function will process all outstanding aio requests by
		172	calling their callbacks, freeing memory associated with them and managing
		173	any groups they are contained in.
		174
		175	=item done
		176
		177	Request has reached the end of its lifetime and holds no resources anymore
		178	(except possibly for the Perl object, but its connection to the actual
		179	aio request is severed and calling its methods will either do nothing or
		180	result in a runtime error).
		181
		182	=back
68		183
69	=cut	184	=cut
70		185
71	package IO::AIO;	186	package IO::AIO;
72		187
…		…
74	use strict 'vars';	189	use strict 'vars';
75		190
76	use base 'Exporter';	191	use base 'Exporter';
77		192
78	BEGIN {	193	BEGIN {
79	our $VERSION = '2.0';	194	our $VERSION = '2.2';
80		195
81	our @EXPORT = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat	196	our @AIO_REQ = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat
82	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink	197	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink
83	aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link aio_move	198	aio_readlink aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link
84	aio_group);	199	aio_move aio_copy aio_group aio_nop aio_mknod);
85	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb min_parallel max_parallel max_outstanding nreqs);	200	our @EXPORT = (@AIO_REQ, qw(aioreq_pri aioreq_nice));
		201	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb poll_wait flush
		202	min_parallel max_parallel max_idle
		203	nreqs nready npending nthreads
		204	max_poll_time max_poll_reqs);
86		205
87	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';	206	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
88		207
89	require XSLoader;	208	require XSLoader;
90	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);	209	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
91	}	210	}
92		211
93	=head1 FUNCTIONS	212	=head1 FUNCTIONS
94		213
95	=head2 AIO FUNCTIONS	214	=head2 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS
96		215
97	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall	216	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
98	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,	217	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
99	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument	218	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
100	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with	219	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
…		…
103	syscall has been executed asynchronously.	222	syscall has been executed asynchronously.
104		223
105	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle	224	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
106	internally until the request has finished.	225	internally until the request has finished.
107		226
108	All requests return objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow further	227	All functions return request objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow
109	manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.	228	further manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.
110		229
111	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and	230	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and
112	encoded in byte form. The reason for the former is that at the time the	231	encoded as octets. The reason for the former is that at the time the
113	request is being executed, the current working directory could have	232	request is being executed, the current working directory could have
114	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the	233	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the
115	current working directory.	234	current working directory anywhere in the program and then use relative
		235	paths.
116		236
117	To encode pathnames to byte form, either make sure you either: a)	237	To encode pathnames as octets, either make sure you either: a) always pass
118	always pass in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir	238	in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir etc.) without
119	etc.), b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode	239	tinkering, b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode
120	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user	240	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
121	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)	241	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
122	use something else.	242	use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.
		243
		244	This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO
		245	handles correctly wether it is set or not.
123		246
124	=over 4	247	=over 4
		248
		249	=item $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
		250
		251	Returns the priority value that would be used for the next request and, if
		252	C<$pri> is given, sets the priority for the next aio request.
		253
		254	The default priority is C<0>, the minimum and maximum priorities are C<-4>
		255	and C<4>, respectively. Requests with higher priority will be serviced
		256	first.
		257
		258	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each call to one of the C<aio_*>
		259	functions.
		260
		261	Example: open a file with low priority, then read something from it with
		262	higher priority so the read request is serviced before other low priority
		263	open requests (potentially spamming the cache):
		264
		265	aioreq_pri -3;
		266	aio_open ..., sub {
		267	return unless $_[0];
		268
		269	aioreq_pri -2;
		270	aio_read $_[0], ..., sub {
		271	...
		272	};
		273	};
		274
		275	=item aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
		276
		277	Similar to C<aioreq_pri>, but subtracts the given value from the current
		278	priority, so the effect is cumulative.
125		279
126	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)	280	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
127		281
128	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly	282	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly
129	created filehandle for the file.	283	created filehandle for the file.
…		…
179		333
180	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {	334	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {
181	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";	335	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
182	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";	336	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";
183	};	337	};
184
185	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
186
187	[EXPERIMENTAL due to internal aio_group use]
188
189	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
190	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
191	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
192
193	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If
194	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it creates the destination file with mode 0200
195	and copies the contents of the source file into it using C<aio_sendfile>,
196	followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, in that
197	order, and unlinking the C<$srcpath>.
198
199	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
200	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
201	errors are being ignored.
202
203	=cut
204
205	sub aio_move($$$) {
206	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
207
208	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
209
210	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
211	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
212	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
213	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
214	my @stat = stat $src_fh;
215
216	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_WRONLY, 0200, sub {
217	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
218	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
219	close $src_fh;
220
221	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
222	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
223	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
224	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
225	close $dst_fh;
226
227	add $grp aio_unlink $src, sub {
228	$grp->result ($_[0]);
229	};
230	} else {
231	my $errno = $!;
232	add $grp aio_unlink $dst, sub {
233	$! = $errno;
234	$grp->result (-1);
235	};
236	}
237	};
238	} else {
239	$grp->result (-1);
240	}
241	},
242
243	} else {
244	$grp->result (-1);
245	}
246	};
247	} else {
248	$grp->result ($_[0]);
249	}
250	};
251
252	$grp
253	}
254		338
255	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)	339	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
256		340
257	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts	341	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts
258	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current	342	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current
…		…
314	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)	398	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
315		399
316	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the	400	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the
317	result code.	401	result code.
318		402
		403	=item aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
		404
		405	[EXPERIMENTAL]
		406
		407	Asynchronously create a device node (or fifo). See mknod(2).
		408
		409	The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:
		410
		411	aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO \| $mode, 0, sub { ...
		412
319	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	413	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
320		414
321	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	415	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
322	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	416	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
323		417
324	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	418	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
325		419
326	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at	420	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
327	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.	421	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
		422
		423	=item aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link)
		424
		425	Asynchronously read the symlink specified by C<$path> and pass it to
		426	the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to the
		427	callback.
328		428
329	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)	429	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
330		430
331	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as	431	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as
332	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.	432	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
…		…
343	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.	443	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
344		444
345	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref	445	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref
346	with the filenames.	446	with the filenames.
347		447
		448	=item aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		449
		450	Try to copy the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		451	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		452	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
		453
		454	This is a composite request that it creates the destination file with
		455	mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using
		456	C<aio_sendfile>, followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and
		457	uid/gid, in that order.
		458
		459	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
		460	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
		461	errors are being ignored.
		462
		463	=cut
		464
		465	sub aio_copy($$;$) {
		466	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		467
		468	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		469	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		470
		471	aioreq_pri $pri;
		472	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		473	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
		474	my @stat = stat $src_fh;
		475
		476	aioreq_pri $pri;
		477	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_CREAT \| O_WRONLY \| O_TRUNC, 0200, sub {
		478	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
		479	aioreq_pri $pri;
		480	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
		481	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
		482	$grp->result (0);
		483	close $src_fh;
		484
		485	# those should not normally block. should. should.
		486	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
		487	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
		488	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
		489	close $dst_fh;
		490	} else {
		491	$grp->result (-1);
		492	close $src_fh;
		493	close $dst_fh;
		494
		495	aioreq $pri;
		496	add $grp aio_unlink $dst;
		497	}
		498	};
		499	} else {
		500	$grp->result (-1);
		501	}
		502	},
		503
		504	} else {
		505	$grp->result (-1);
		506	}
		507	};
		508
		509	$grp
		510	}
		511
		512	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		513
		514	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		515	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		516	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
		517
		518	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If
		519	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it copies the file with C<aio_copy> and, if
		520	that is successful, unlinking the C<$srcpath>.
		521
		522	=cut
		523
		524	sub aio_move($$;$) {
		525	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		526
		527	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		528	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		529
		530	aioreq_pri $pri;
		531	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
		532	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
		533	aioreq_pri $pri;
		534	add $grp aio_copy $src, $dst, sub {
		535	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		536
		537	if (!$_[0]) {
		538	aioreq_pri $pri;
		539	add $grp aio_unlink $src;
		540	}
		541	};
		542	} else {
		543	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		544	}
		545	};
		546
		547	$grp
		548	}
		549
348	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)	550	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
349		551
350	[EXPERIMENTAL due to internal aio_group use]
351
352	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to	552	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
353	separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of names, ones	553	efficiently separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of
354	you can recurse into (directories or links to them), and ones you cannot	554	names, directories you can recurse into (directories), and ones you cannot
355	recurse into (everything else).	555	recurse into (everything else, including symlinks to directories).
356		556
357	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_	557	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_
358	C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that	558	C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that
359	this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default	559	this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default
360	will be chosen (currently 6).	560	will be chosen (currently 4).
361		561
362	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives	562	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives
363	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.	563	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.
364		564
365	Example:	565	Example:
…		…
402	=cut	602	=cut
403		603
404	sub aio_scandir($$$) {	604	sub aio_scandir($$$) {
405	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;	605	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
406		606
		607	my $pri = aioreq_pri;
		608
407	my $grp = aio_group $cb;	609	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
408		610
409	$maxreq = 6 if $maxreq <= 0;	611	$maxreq = 4 if $maxreq <= 0;
410		612
411	# stat once	613	# stat once
		614	aioreq_pri $pri;
412	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {	615	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
413	return $grp->result () if $_[0];	616	return $grp->result () if $_[0];
414	my $now = time;	617	my $now = time;
415	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	618	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
416		619
417	# read the directory entries	620	# read the directory entries
		621	aioreq_pri $pri;
418	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {	622	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {
419	my $entries = shift	623	my $entries = shift
420	or return $grp->result ();	624	or return $grp->result ();
421		625
422	# stat the dir another time	626	# stat the dir another time
		627	aioreq_pri $pri;
423	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {	628	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
424	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];	629	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
425		630
426	my $ndirs;	631	my $ndirs;
427		632
…		…
442	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],	647	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
443	@$entries];	648	@$entries];
444		649
445	my (@dirs, @nondirs);	650	my (@dirs, @nondirs);
446		651
447	my ($statcb, $schedcb);
448	my $nreq = 0;
449
450	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group;	652	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group sub {
		653	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
		654	};
451		655
452	$schedcb = sub {	656	limit $statgrp $maxreq;
453	if (@$entries) {	657	feed $statgrp sub {
454	if ($nreq < $maxreq) {	658	return unless @$entries;
455	my $ent = pop @$entries;	659	my $entry = pop @$entries;
		660
		661	aioreq_pri $pri;
		662	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$entry/.", sub {
		663	if ($_[0] < 0) {
		664	push @nondirs, $entry;
		665	} else {
		666	# need to check for real directory
		667	aioreq_pri $pri;
		668	add $statgrp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
		669	if (-d _) {
		670	push @dirs, $entry;
		671
		672	unless (--$ndirs) {
		673	push @nondirs, @$entries;
		674	feed $statgrp;
		675	}
		676	} else {
		677	push @nondirs, $entry;
		678	}
456	$nreq++;	679	}
457	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$ent/.", sub { $statcb->($_[0], $ent) };
458	}	680	}
459	} elsif (!$nreq) {
460	# finished
461	$statgrp->cancel;
462	undef $statcb;
463	undef $schedcb;
464	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
465	}	681	};
466	};	682	};
467	$statcb = sub {
468	my ($status, $entry) = @_;
469
470	if ($status < 0) {
471	$nreq--;
472	push @nondirs, $entry;
473	&$schedcb;
474	} else {
475	# need to check for real directory
476	add $grp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
477	$nreq--;
478
479	if (-d _) {
480	push @dirs, $entry;
481
482	if (!--$ndirs) {
483	push @nondirs, @$entries;
484	$entries = [];
485	}
486	} else {
487	push @nondirs, $entry;
488	}
489
490	&$schedcb;
491	}
492	}
493	};
494
495	&$schedcb while @$entries && $nreq < $maxreq;
496	};	683	};
497	};	684	};
498	};	685	};
499		686
500	$grp	687	$grp
…		…
513	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be	700	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
514	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.	701	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
515		702
516	=item aio_group $callback->(...)	703	=item aio_group $callback->(...)
517		704
518	[EXPERIMENTAL]
519
520	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a	705	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
521	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle	706	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
522	many requests into a single, composite, request.	707	many requests into a single, composite, request with a definite callback
		708	and the ability to cancel the whole request with its subrequests.
523		709
524	Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below	710	Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below
525	for more info.	711	for more info.
526		712
527	Example:	713	Example:
…		…
533	add $grp	719	add $grp
534	(aio_stat ...),	720	(aio_stat ...),
535	(aio_stat ...),	721	(aio_stat ...),
536	...;	722	...;
537		723
		724	=item aio_nop $callback->()
		725
		726	This is a special request - it does nothing in itself and is only used for
		727	side effects, such as when you want to add a dummy request to a group so
		728	that finishing the requests in the group depends on executing the given
		729	code.
		730
		731	While this request does nothing, it still goes through the execution
		732	phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will not
		733	be executed immediately but only after other requests in the queue have
		734	entered their execution phase. This can be used to measure request
		735	latency.
		736
538	=item IO::AIO::aio_sleep $fractional_seconds, $callback->() NOT EXPORTED	737	=item IO::AIO::aio_busy $fractional_seconds, $callback->() NOT EXPORTED
539		738
540	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of	739	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of
541	the request workers to sleep for the given time.	740	the request workers to sleep for the given time.
542		741
543	While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests	742	While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests
544	like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates	743	like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates is
545	is immense, so do not use this function except to put your application	744	immense (it blocks a thread for a long time) so do not use this function
546	under artificial I/O pressure.	745	except to put your application under artificial I/O pressure.
547		746
548	=back	747	=back
549		748
550	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS	749	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS
551		750
552	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when	751	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when
553	called in non-void context.	752	called in non-void context.
554		753
555	A request always moves through the following five states in its lifetime,
556	in order: B<ready> (request has been created, but has not been executed
557	yet), B<execute> (request is currently being executed), B<pending>
558	(request has been executed but callback has not been called yet),
559	B<result> (results are being processed synchronously, includes calling the
560	callback) and B<done> (request has reached the end of its lifetime and
561	holds no resources anymore).
562
563	=over 4	754	=over 4
564		755
565	=item $req->cancel	756	=item cancel $req
566		757
567	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution	758	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution
568	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when	759	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when
569	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise	760	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise
570	untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be	761	untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be
571	stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.	762	stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.
572		763
		764	=item cb $req $callback->(...)
		765
		766	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.
		767
573	=back	768	=back
574		769
575	=head2 IO::AIO::GRP CLASS	770	=head2 IO::AIO::GRP CLASS
576		771
577	This class is a subclass of L<IO::AIO::REQ>, so all its methods apply to	772	This class is a subclass of L<IO::AIO::REQ>, so all its methods apply to
…		…
616	=item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.	811	=item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.
617		812
618	=item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or	813	=item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or
619	any later time).	814	any later time).
620		815
621	=item * This does not harmonise well with C<max_outstanding>, so best do
622	not combine C<aio_group> with it. Groups and feeders are recommended for
623	this kind of concurrency-limiting.
624
625	=back	816	=back
626		817
627	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they	818	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
628	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the	819	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
629	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to	820	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
…		…
634	group. And only when all those requests have finished will the the group	825	group. And only when all those requests have finished will the the group
635	itself finish.	826	itself finish.
636		827
637	=over 4	828	=over 4
638		829
		830	=item add $grp ...
		831
639	=item $grp->add (...)	832	=item $grp->add (...)
640
641	=item add $grp ...
642		833
643	Add one or more requests to the group. Any type of L<IO::AIO::REQ> can	834	Add one or more requests to the group. Any type of L<IO::AIO::REQ> can
644	be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular	835	be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular
645	dependencies.	836	dependencies.
646		837
647	Returns all its arguments.	838	Returns all its arguments.
648		839
		840	=item $grp->cancel_subs
		841
		842	Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group request
		843	itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a result early.
		844
649	=item $grp->result (...)	845	=item $grp->result (...)
650		846
651	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all	847	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
652	subrequests have finished. By default, no argument will be passed.	848	subrequests have finished and set thre groups errno to the current value
		849	of errno (just like calling C<errno> without an error number). By default,
		850	no argument will be passed and errno is zero.
653		851
654	=item $grp->set_feeder ($callback->($grp))	852	=item $grp->errno ([$errno])
655		853
656	[VERY EXPERIMENTAL]	854	Sets the group errno value to C<$errno>, or the current value of errno
		855	when the argument is missing.
		856
		857	Every aio request has an associated errno value that is restored when
		858	the callback is invoked. This method lets you change this value from its
		859	default (0).
		860
		861	Calling C<result> will also set errno, so make sure you either set C<$!>
		862	before the call to C<result>, or call c<errno> after it.
		863
		864	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
657		865
658	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached	866	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
659	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,	867	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
660	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,	868	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
661	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For	869	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For
662	example, C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat>	870	example, C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat>
663	requests, delaying any later requests for a long time.	871	requests, delaying any later requests for a long time.
664		872
665	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can	873	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can
666	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The	874	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The
667	feeder will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<feeder_limit>,	875	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<limit>,
668	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more	876	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more
669	requests.	877	requests.
670		878
671	The feeder can queue as many requests as it likes (i.e. C<add> does not	879	The feed callback can queue as many requests as it likes (i.e. C<add> does
672	impose any limits).	880	not impose any limits).
673		881
674	If the feeder does not queue more requests when called, it will be	882	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be
675	automatically removed from the group.	883	automatically removed from the group.
676		884
677	If the feeder limit is C<0>, it will be set to C<2> automatically.	885	If the feed limit is C<0>, it will be set to C<2> automatically.
678		886
679	Example:	887	Example:
680		888
681	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:	889	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:
682		890
683	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "finished\n" };	891	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "finished\n" };
684	$grp->feeder_limit (4);	892	limit $grp 4;
685	$grp->set_feeder (sub {	893	feed $grp sub {
686	my $file = pop @files	894	my $file = pop @files
687	or return;	895	or return;
688		896
689	add $grp aio_stat $file, sub { ... };	897	add $grp aio_stat $file, sub { ... };
690	});	898	};
691		899
692	=item $grp->feeder_limit ($num)	900	=item limit $grp $num
693		901
694	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever	902	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever
695	the group contains less than this many requests.	903	the group contains less than this many requests.
696		904
697	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.	905	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.
698		906
699	=back	907	=back
700		908
701	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS	909	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
		910
		911	=head3 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
702		912
703	=over 4	913	=over 4
704		914
705	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno	915	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
706		916
…		…
711		921
712	See C<poll_cb> for an example.	922	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
713		923
714	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb	924	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
715		925
716	Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this	926	Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
717	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately	927	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately
718	when no events are outstanding.	928	when no events are outstanding. The amount of events processed depends on
		929	the settings of C<IO::AIO::max_poll_req> and C<IO::AIO::max_poll_time>.
		930
		931	If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the filehandle
		932	will still be ready when C<poll_cb> returns.
719		933
720	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls	934	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
721	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:	935	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:
722		936
723	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,	937	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
724	poll => 'r', async => 1,	938	poll => 'r', async => 1,
725	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);	939	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
726		940
		941	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
		942
		943	=item IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
		944
		945	These set the maximum number of requests (default C<0>, meaning infinity)
		946	that are being processed by C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> in one call, respectively
		947	the maximum amount of time (default C<0>, meaning infinity) spent in
		948	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb> to process requests (more correctly the mininum amount
		949	of time C<poll_cb> is allowed to use).
		950
		951	Setting C<max_poll_time> to a non-zero value creates an overhead of one
		952	syscall per request processed, which is not normally a problem unless your
		953	callbacks are really really fast or your OS is really really slow (I am
		954	not mentioning Solaris here). Using C<max_poll_reqs> incurs no overhead.
		955
		956	Setting these is useful if you want to ensure some level of
		957	interactiveness when perl is not fast enough to process all requests in
		958	time.
		959
		960	For interactive programs, values such as C<0.01> to C<0.1> should be fine.
		961
		962	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
		963	IO::AIO::poll_cb with low priority, to ensure that other parts of the
		964	program get the CPU sometimes even under high AIO load.
		965
		966	# try not to spend much more than 0.1s in poll_cb
		967	IO::AIO::max_poll_time 0.1;
		968
		969	# use a low priority so other tasks have priority
		970	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		971	poll => 'r', nice => 1,
		972	cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		973
727	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait	974	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
728		975
729	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a	976	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a
730	C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait	977	C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously
731	for some requests to finish).	978	wait for some requests to finish).
732		979
733	See C<nreqs> for an example.	980	See C<nreqs> for an example.
734		981
		982	=item IO::AIO::poll
		983
		984	Waits until some requests have been handled.
		985
		986	Strictly equivalent to:
		987
		988	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		989	if IO::AIO::nreqs;
		990
735	=item IO::AIO::nreqs	991	=item IO::AIO::flush
736		992
737	Returns the number of requests currently outstanding (i.e. for which their	993	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
738	callback has not been invoked yet).
739		994
740	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:	995	Strictly equivalent to:
741		996
742	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb	997	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
743	while IO::AIO::nreqs;	998	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
744		999
745	=item IO::AIO::flush	1000	=head3 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS
746
747	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
748
749	Strictly equivalent to:
750
751	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
752	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
753
754	=item IO::AIO::poll
755
756	Waits until some requests have been handled.
757
758	Strictly equivalent to:
759
760	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
761	if IO::AIO::nreqs;
762		1001
763	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads	1002	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
764		1003
765	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current	1004	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current
766	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute	1005	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute
767	concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests,	1006	concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests,
768	however, is unlimited).	1007	however, is unlimited).
769		1008
770	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and	1009	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and
771	no free thread exists.	1010	no free thread exists. Please note that queueing up a hundred requests can
		1011	create demand for a hundred threads, even if it turns out that everything
		1012	is in the cache and could have been processed faster by a single thread.
772		1013
773	It is recommended to keep the number of threads relatively low, as some	1014	It is recommended to keep the number of threads relatively low, as some
774	Linux kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads	1015	Linux kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads
775	(higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6	1016	(higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6
776	versions, 4-32 threads should be fine.	1017	versions, 4-32 threads should be fine.
…		…
790	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure	1031	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure
791	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.	1032	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.
792		1033
793	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	1034	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
794		1035
		1036	=item IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
		1037
		1038	Limit the number of threads (default: 4) that are allowed to idle (i.e.,
		1039	threads that did not get a request to process within 10 seconds). That
		1040	means if a thread becomes idle while C<$nthreads> other threads are also
		1041	idle, it will free its resources and exit.
		1042
		1043	This is useful when you allow a large number of threads (e.g. 100 or 1000)
		1044	to allow for extremely high load situations, but want to free resources
		1045	under normal circumstances (1000 threads can easily consume 30MB of RAM).
		1046
		1047	The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread
		1048	creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you might
		1049	want to use larger values.
		1050
795	=item $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs	1051	=item $oldmaxreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
796		1052
797	[DEPRECATED]	1053	This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because it
		1054	blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is inexact: Better
		1055	use an C<aio_group> together with a feed callback.
798		1056
799	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you	1057	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you
800	try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will block until	1058	to queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to the
801	some requests have been handled.	1059	C<poll_cb> (and C<poll_some> and other functions calling C<poll_cb>)
		1060	function will block until the limit is no longer exceeded.
802		1061
803	The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. If you	1062	The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on the
804	queue up many requests in a loop it often improves speed if you set	1063	number of outstanding requests.
805	this to a relatively low number, such as C<100>.
806		1064
807	This function does not work well together with C<aio_group>'s, and their	1065	You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore,
808	feeder interface is better suited to limiting concurrency, so do not use	1066	C<max_oustsanding> is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low values) or
809	this function.	1067	as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow (with large values).
810		1068
811	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.	1069	=head3 STATISTICAL INFORMATION
		1070
		1071	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
		1072
		1073	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready, execute or pending
		1074	states (i.e. for which their callback has not been invoked yet).
		1075
		1076	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:
		1077
		1078	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		1079	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
		1080
		1081	=item IO::AIO::nready
		1082
		1083	Returns the number of requests currently in the ready state (not yet
		1084	executed).
		1085
		1086	=item IO::AIO::npending
		1087
		1088	Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state (executed,
		1089	but not yet processed by poll_cb).
812		1090
813	=back	1091	=back
814		1092
815	=cut	1093	=cut
816		1094
…		…
831	}	1109	}
832		1110
833	min_parallel 8;	1111	min_parallel 8;
834		1112
835	END {	1113	END {
836	max_parallel 0;	1114	min_parallel 1;
837	}	1115	flush;
		1116	};
838		1117
839	1;	1118	1;
840		1119
841	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR	1120	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR
842		1121
843	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:	1122	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:
844		1123
845	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests	1124	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests
846	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After	1125	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After
847	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues	1126	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues
848	request/result processing, while the child clears the request/result	1127	request/result processing, while the child frees the request/result queue
849	queue (so the requests started before the fork will only be handled in	1128	(so that the requests started before the fork will only be handled in the
850	the parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit ste in the	1129	parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit set in the
851	parent process has been reached again.	1130	parent process has been reached again.
852		1131
853	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had	1132	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had
854	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used	1133	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used
855	yet.	1134	yet.
856		1135
857	=head2 MEMORY USAGE	1136	=head2 MEMORY USAGE
858		1137
		1138	Per-request usage:
		1139
859	Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 128 bytes	1140	Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 100-200
860	of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly a few	1141	bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly
861	hundred bytes). Perl scalars and other data passed into aio requests will	1142	a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl
862	also be locked.	1143	scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and
		1144	will consume memory till the request has entered the done state.
863		1145
864	This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a	1146	This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a
865	problem.	1147	problem.
866		1148
867	Each thread needs a stack area which is usually around 16k, sometimes much	1149	Per-thread usage:
868	larger, depending on the OS.	1150
		1151	In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for
		1152	temporary buffers, and each thread requires a stack and other data
		1153	structures (usually around 16k-128k, depending on the OS).
		1154
		1155	=head1 KNOWN BUGS
		1156
		1157	Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.
869		1158
870	=head1 SEE ALSO	1159	=head1 SEE ALSO
871		1160
872	L<Coro>, L<Linux::AIO> (obsolete).	1161	L<Coro::AIO>.
873		1162
874	=head1 AUTHOR	1163	=head1 AUTHOR
875		1164
876	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	1165	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
877	http://home.schmorp.de/	1166	http://home.schmorp.de/

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Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents): Revision 1.62 by root, Sun Oct 22 21:13:47 2006 UTC vs. Revision 1.91 by root, Mon Oct 30 23:30:29 2006 UTC

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Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.62 by root, Sun Oct 22 21:13:47 2006 UTC vs.
Revision 1.91 by root, Mon Oct 30 23:30:29 2006 UTC