[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/IO-AIO/AIO.pm

Comparing IO-AIO/AIO.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.1 by root, Sun Jul 10 17:07:44 2005 UTC vs.
Revision 1.65 by root, Mon Oct 23 14:49:51 2006 UTC

…		…
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use IO::AIO;	7	use IO::AIO;
8		8
		9	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		10	my ($fh) = @_;
		11	...
		12	};
		13
		14	aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
		15
		16	aio_read $fh, 30000, 1024, $buffer, 0, sub {
		17	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
		18	};
		19
		20	# version 2+ has request and group objects
		21	use IO::AIO 2;
		22
		23	my $req = aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { };
		24	$req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue
		25
		26	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };
		27	add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;
		28
		29	# AnyEvent integration
		30	open my $fh, "<&=" . IO::AIO::poll_fileno or die "$!";
		31	my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => 'r', cb => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb });
		32
		33	# Event integration
		34	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		35	poll => 'r',
		36	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		37
		38	# Glib/Gtk2 integration
		39	add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		40	in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
		41
		42	# Tk integration
		43	Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
		44	readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		45
		46	# Danga::Socket integration
		47	Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
		48	\&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		49
9	=head1 DESCRIPTION	50	=head1 DESCRIPTION
10		51
11	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your	52	This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
12	operating system supports. Currently, it falls back to Linux::AIO if that	53	operating system supports.
13	module is available, or uses pthreads to emulato aio functionality.
14		54
15	Currently, in this module a number of threads are started that execute	55	Currently, a number of threads are started that execute your read/writes
16	your read/writes and signal their completion. You don't need thread	56	and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in your libc or
17	support in your libc or perl, and the threads created by this module will	57	perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible to the
18	not be visible to the pthreads library.	58	pthreads library. In the future, this module might make use of the native
		59	aio functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often
		60	not well-supported (Linux doesn't allow them on normal files currently,
		61	for example), and they would only support aio_read and aio_write, so the
		62	remaining functionality would have to be implemented using threads anyway.
19		63
20	Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads, it is	64	Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads, it is
21	not reentrant, so use appropriate locking yourself.	65	currently not reentrant, so use appropriate locking yourself, always call
		66	C<poll_cb> from within the same thread, or never call C<poll_cb> (or other
		67	C<aio_> functions) recursively.
22		68
23	=head2 API NOTES	69	=cut
		70
		71	package IO::AIO;
		72
		73	no warnings;
		74	use strict 'vars';
		75
		76	use base 'Exporter';
		77
		78	BEGIN {
		79	our $VERSION = '2.0';
		80
		81	our @EXPORT = qw(aio_sendfile aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat
		82	aio_lstat aio_unlink aio_rmdir aio_readdir aio_scandir aio_symlink
		83	aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead aio_rename aio_link aio_move
		84	aio_group aio_nop);
		85	our @EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb min_parallel max_parallel max_outstanding nreqs);
		86
		87	@IO::AIO::GRP::ISA = 'IO::AIO::REQ';
		88
		89	require XSLoader;
		90	XSLoader::load ("IO::AIO", $VERSION);
		91	}
		92
		93	=head1 FUNCTIONS
		94
		95	=head2 AIO FUNCTIONS
24		96
25	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall	97	All the C<aio_*> calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
26	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,	98	with the same name (sans C<aio_>). The arguments are similar or identical,
27	and they all accept an additional C<$callback> argument which must be	99	and they all accept an additional (and optional) C<$callback> argument
28	a code reference. This code reference will get called with the syscall	100	which must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with
29	return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike perl, which	101	the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return C<-1> on error, unlike
30	usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given syscall has	102	perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given
31	been executed asynchronously.	103	syscall has been executed asynchronously.
32		104
33	All functions that expect a filehandle will also accept a file descriptor.	105	All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
		106	internally until the request has finished.
34		107
		108	All requests return objects of type L<IO::AIO::REQ> that allow further
		109	manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.
		110
35	The filenames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute. The reason	111	The pathnames you pass to these routines I<must> be absolute and
36	is that at the time the request is being executed, the current working	112	encoded in byte form. The reason for the former is that at the time the
37	directory could have changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you	113	request is being executed, the current working directory could have
		114	changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the
38	never change the current working directory.	115	current working directory.
		116
		117	To encode pathnames to byte form, either make sure you either: a)
		118	always pass in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir
		119	etc.), b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode
		120	your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user
		121	environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e)
		122	use something else.
39		123
40	=over 4	124	=over 4
41		125
42	=cut
43
44	package IO::AIO;
45
46	use base 'Exporter';
47
48	BEGIN {
49	$VERSION = 0.1;
50
51	@EXPORT = qw(aio_read aio_write aio_open aio_close aio_stat aio_lstat aio_unlink
52	aio_fsync aio_fdatasync aio_readahead);
53	@EXPORT_OK = qw(poll_fileno poll_cb min_parallel max_parallel nreqs);
54
55	require XSLoader;
56	XSLoader::load IO::AIO, $VERSION;
57	}
58
59	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
60
61	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The default is
62	C<1>, which means a single asynchronous operation can be done at one time
63	(the number of outstanding operations, however, is unlimited).
64
65	It is recommended to keep the number of threads low, as some linux
66	kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads (higher
67	parallelity => MUCH higher latency).
68
69	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function, as this
70	module automatically starts a single async thread.
71
72	=item IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
73
74	Sets the maximum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. If more than
75	the specified number of threads are currently running, kill them. This
76	function blocks until the limit is reached.
77
78	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure
79	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.
80
81	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
82
83	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
84
85	Return the I<request result pipe filehandle>. This filehandle must be
86	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event
87	or select, see below). If the pipe becomes readable you have to call
88	C<poll_cb> to check the results.
89
90	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
91
92	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
93
94	Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
95	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately
96	when no events are outstanding.
97
98	You can use Event to multiplex, e.g.:
99
100	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
101	poll => 'r', async => 1,
102	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
103
104	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
105
106	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a
107	select on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait
108	for some requests to finish).
109
110	See C<nreqs> for an example.
111
112	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
113
114	Returns the number of requests currently outstanding.
115
116	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:
117
118	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
119	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
120
121	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback	126	=item aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
122		127
123	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with the	128	Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a newly
124	filedescriptor (NOT a perl filehandle, sorry for that, but watch out, this	129	created filehandle for the file.
125	might change in the future).
126		130
127	The pathname passed to C<aio_open> must be absolute. See API NOTES, above,	131	The pathname passed to C<aio_open> must be absolute. See API NOTES, above,
128	for an explanation.	132	for an explanation.
129		133
130	The C<$mode> argument is a bitmask. See the C<Fcntl> module for a	134	The C<$flags> argument is a bitmask. See the C<Fcntl> module for a
131	list. They are the same as used in C<sysopen>.	135	list. They are the same as used by C<sysopen>.
		136
		137	Likewise, C<$mode> specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it
		138	didn't exist and C<O_CREAT> has been given, just like perl's C<sysopen>,
		139	except that it is mandatory (i.e. use C<0> if you don't create new files,
		140	and C<0666> or C<0777> if you do).
132		141
133	Example:	142	Example:
134		143
135	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {	144	aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
136	if ($_[0] >= 0) {	145	if ($_[0]) {
137	open my $fh, "<&$_[0]"; # create a copy for perl
138	aio_close $_[0], sub { }; # close the aio handle
139	print "open successful, fh is $fh\n";	146	print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n";
140	...	147	...
141	} else {	148	} else {
142	die "open failed: $!\n";	149	die "open failed: $!\n";
143	}	150	}
144	};	151	};
145		152
146	=item aio_close $fh, $callback	153	=item aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
147		154
148	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result code.	155	Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result
		156	code. I<WARNING:> although accepted, you should not pass in a perl
		157	filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor another
		158	time when the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can safely call perls
		159	C<close> or just let filehandles go out of scope.
149		160
		161	This is supposed to be a bug in the API, so that might change. It's
		162	therefore best to avoid this function.
		163
150	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset,$callback	164	=item aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
151		165
152	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset,$callback	166	=item aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
153		167
154	Reads or writes C<length> bytes from the specified C<fh> and C<offset>	168	Reads or writes C<length> bytes from the specified C<fh> and C<offset>
155	into the scalar given by C<data> and offset C<dataoffset> and calls the	169	into the scalar given by C<data> and offset C<dataoffset> and calls the
156	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just	170	callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on error, just
157	like the syscall).	171	like the syscall).
158		172
		173	The C<$data> scalar I<MUST NOT> be modified in any way while the request
		174	is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or WW3 (if the
		175	necessary/optional hardware is installed).
		176
159	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, strating at	177	Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar C<$buffer>, starting at
160	offset C<0> within the scalar:	178	offset C<0> within the scalar:
161		179
162	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {	180	aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {
163	$_[0] >= 0 or die "read error: $!";	181	$_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!";
164	print "read <$buffer>\n";	182	print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n";
165	};	183	};
166		184
		185	=item aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		186
		187	[EXPERIMENTAL due to internal aio_group use]
		188
		189	Try to move the I<file> (directories not supported as either source or
		190	destination) from C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath> and call the callback with
		191	the C<0> (error) or C<-1> ok.
		192
		193	This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. If
		194	rename files with C<EXDEV>, it creates the destination file with mode 0200
		195	and copies the contents of the source file into it using C<aio_sendfile>,
		196	followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, in that
		197	order, and unlinking the C<$srcpath>.
		198
		199	If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, if
		200	possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and uid/gid, where
		201	errors are being ignored.
		202
		203	=cut
		204
		205	sub aio_move($$$) {
		206	my ($src, $dst, $cb) = @_;
		207
		208	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		209
		210	add $grp aio_rename $src, $dst, sub {
		211	if ($_[0] && $! == EXDEV) {
		212	add $grp aio_open $src, O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
		213	if (my $src_fh = $_[0]) {
		214	my @stat = stat $src_fh;
		215
		216	add $grp aio_open $dst, O_WRONLY, 0200, sub {
		217	if (my $dst_fh = $_[0]) {
		218	add $grp aio_sendfile $dst_fh, $src_fh, 0, $stat[7], sub {
		219	close $src_fh;
		220
		221	if ($_[0] == $stat[7]) {
		222	utime $stat[8], $stat[9], $dst;
		223	chmod $stat[2] & 07777, $dst_fh;
		224	chown $stat[4], $stat[5], $dst_fh;
		225	close $dst_fh;
		226
		227	add $grp aio_unlink $src, sub {
		228	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		229	};
		230	} else {
		231	my $errno = $!;
		232	add $grp aio_unlink $dst, sub {
		233	$! = $errno;
		234	$grp->result (-1);
		235	};
		236	}
		237	};
		238	} else {
		239	$grp->result (-1);
		240	}
		241	},
		242
		243	} else {
		244	$grp->result (-1);
		245	}
		246	};
		247	} else {
		248	$grp->result ($_[0]);
		249	}
		250	};
		251
		252	$grp
		253	}
		254
		255	=item aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
		256
		257	Tries to copy C<$length> bytes from C<$in_fh> to C<$out_fh>. It starts
		258	reading at byte offset C<$in_offset>, and starts writing at the current
		259	file offset of C<$out_fh>. Because of that, it is not safe to issue more
		260	than one C<aio_sendfile> per C<$out_fh>, as they will interfere with each
		261	other.
		262
		263	This call tries to make use of a native C<sendfile> syscall to provide
		264	zero-copy operation. For this to work, C<$out_fh> should refer to a
		265	socket, and C<$in_fh> should refer to mmap'able file.
		266
		267	If the native sendfile call fails or is not implemented, it will be
		268	emulated, so you can call C<aio_sendfile> on any type of filehandle
		269	regardless of the limitations of the operating system.
		270
		271	Please note, however, that C<aio_sendfile> can read more bytes from
		272	C<$in_fh> than are written, and there is no way to find out how many
		273	bytes have been read from C<aio_sendfile> alone, as C<aio_sendfile> only
		274	provides the number of bytes written to C<$out_fh>. Only if the result
		275	value equals C<$length> one can assume that C<$length> bytes have been
		276	read.
		277
167	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback	278	=item aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
168		279
169	Asynchronously reads the specified byte range into the page cache, using
170	the C<readahead> syscall. If that syscall doesn't exist the status will be
171	C<-1> and C<$!> is set to ENOSYS.
172
173	readahead() populates the page cache with data from a file so that	280	C<aio_readahead> populates the page cache with data from a file so that
174	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>	281	subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The C<$offset>
175	argument specifies the starting point from which data is to be read and	282	argument specifies the starting point from which data is to be read and
176	C<$length> specifies the number of bytes to be read. I/O is performed in	283	C<$length> specifies the number of bytes to be read. I/O is performed in
177	whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down to a page boundary	284	whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down to a page boundary
178	and bytes are read up to the next page boundary greater than or equal to	285	and bytes are read up to the next page boundary greater than or equal to
179	(off-set+length). aio_readahead() does not read beyond the end of the	286	(off-set+length). C<aio_readahead> does not read beyond the end of the
180	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.	287	file. The current file offset of the file is left unchanged.
181		288
		289	If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it will be
		290	emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a similar effect.
		291
182	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback	292	=item aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
183		293
184	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback	294	=item aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
185		295
186	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will	296	Works like perl's C<stat> or C<lstat> in void context. The callback will
187	be called after the stat and the results will be available using C<stat _>	297	be called after the stat and the results will be available using C<stat _>
188	or C<-s _> etc...	298	or C<-s _> etc...
189		299
…		…
199	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {	309	aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {
200	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";	310	$_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";
201	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";	311	print "size is ", -s _, "\n";
202	};	312	};
203		313
204	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback	314	=item aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
205		315
206	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the	316	Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the
207	result code.	317	result code.
208		318
		319	=item aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		320
		321	Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
		322	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
		323
		324	=item aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		325
		326	Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at C<$srcpath> at
		327	the path C<$dstpath> and call the callback with the result code.
		328
		329	=item aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
		330
		331	Asynchronously rename the object at C<$srcpath> to C<$dstpath>, just as
		332	rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
		333
		334	=item aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
		335
		336	Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with the
		337	result code.
		338
		339	=item aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
		340
		341	Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, C<aio_readdir> reads an entire
		342	directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries will not be
		343	sorted, and will B<NOT> include the C<.> and C<..> entries.
		344
		345	The callback a single argument which is either C<undef> or an array-ref
		346	with the filenames.
		347
		348	=item aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
		349
		350	[EXPERIMENTAL due to internal aio_group use]
		351
		352	Scans a directory (similar to C<aio_readdir>) but additionally tries to
		353	separate the entries of directory C<$path> into two sets of names, ones
		354	you can recurse into (directories or links to them), and ones you cannot
		355	recurse into (everything else).
		356
		357	C<aio_scandir> is a composite request that creates of many sub requests_
		358	C<$maxreq> specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio requests that
		359	this function generates. If it is C<< <= 0 >>, then a suitable default
		360	will be chosen (currently 6).
		361
		362	On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it receives
		363	two array-refs with path-relative entry names.
		364
		365	Example:
		366
		367	aio_scandir $dir, 0, sub {
		368	my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_;
		369	print "real directories: @$dirs\n";
		370	print "everything else: @$nondirs\n";
		371	};
		372
		373	Implementation notes.
		374
		375	The C<aio_readdir> cannot be avoided, but C<stat()>'ing every entry can.
		376
		377	After reading the directory, the modification time, size etc. of the
		378	directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they match (and
		379	isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide how many
		380	entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the number
		381	of subdirectories will be assumed.
		382
		383	Then entries will be sorted into likely directories (everything without
		384	a non-initial dot currently) and likely non-directories (everything
		385	else). Then every entry plus an appended C</.> will be C<stat>'ed,
		386	likely directories first. If that succeeds, it assumes that the entry
		387	is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked
		388	seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry itself because
		389	filesystems might detect the type of the entry without reading the inode
		390	data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature).
		391
		392	If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been reached, the
		393	rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.
		394
		395	This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which
		396	fortunately are the vast majority of filesystems around.
		397
		398	It will also likely work on non-POSIX filesystems with reduced efficiency
		399	as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which disables the
		400	directory counting heuristic.
		401
		402	=cut
		403
		404	sub aio_scandir($$$) {
		405	my ($path, $maxreq, $cb) = @_;
		406
		407	my $grp = aio_group $cb;
		408
		409	$maxreq = 6 if $maxreq <= 0;
		410
		411	# stat once
		412	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
		413	return $grp->result () if $_[0];
		414	my $now = time;
		415	my $hash1 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
		416
		417	# read the directory entries
		418	add $grp aio_readdir $path, sub {
		419	my $entries = shift
		420	or return $grp->result ();
		421
		422	# stat the dir another time
		423	add $grp aio_stat $path, sub {
		424	my $hash2 = join ":", (stat _)[0,1,3,7,9];
		425
		426	my $ndirs;
		427
		428	# take the slow route if anything looks fishy
		429	if ($hash1 ne $hash2 or (stat _)[9] == $now) {
		430	$ndirs = -1;
		431	} else {
		432	# if nlink == 2, we are finished
		433	# on non-posix-fs's, we rely on nlink < 2
		434	$ndirs = (stat _)[3] - 2
		435	or return $grp->result ([], $entries);
		436	}
		437
		438	# sort into likely dirs and likely nondirs
		439	# dirs == files without ".", short entries first
		440	$entries = [map $_->[0],
		441	sort { $b->[1] cmp $a->[1] }
		442	map [$_, sprintf "%s%04d", (/.\./ ? "1" : "0"), length],
		443	@$entries];
		444
		445	my (@dirs, @nondirs);
		446
		447	my ($statcb, $schedcb);
		448	my $nreq = 0;
		449
		450	my $statgrp = add $grp aio_group;
		451
		452	$schedcb = sub {
		453	if (@$entries) {
		454	if ($nreq < $maxreq) {
		455	my $ent = pop @$entries;
		456	$nreq++;
		457	add $statgrp aio_stat "$path/$ent/.", sub { $statcb->($_[0], $ent) };
		458	}
		459	} elsif (!$nreq) {
		460	# finished
		461	$statgrp->cancel;
		462	undef $statcb;
		463	undef $schedcb;
		464	$grp->result (\@dirs, \@nondirs);
		465	}
		466	};
		467	$statcb = sub {
		468	my ($status, $entry) = @_;
		469
		470	if ($status < 0) {
		471	$nreq--;
		472	push @nondirs, $entry;
		473	&$schedcb;
		474	} else {
		475	# need to check for real directory
		476	add $grp aio_lstat "$path/$entry", sub {
		477	$nreq--;
		478
		479	if (-d _) {
		480	push @dirs, $entry;
		481
		482	if (!--$ndirs) {
		483	push @nondirs, @$entries;
		484	$entries = [];
		485	}
		486	} else {
		487	push @nondirs, $entry;
		488	}
		489
		490	&$schedcb;
		491	}
		492	}
		493	};
		494
		495	&$schedcb while @$entries && $nreq < $maxreq;
		496	};
		497	};
		498	};
		499
		500	$grp
		501	}
		502
209	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback	503	=item aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
210		504
211	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback	505	Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the callback
212	with the fsync result code.	506	with the fsync result code.
213		507
214	=item aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback	508	=item aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status)
215		509
216	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the	510	Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the
217	callback with the fdatasync result code.	511	callback with the fdatasync result code.
218		512
		513	If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't be
		514	detected, it will be emulated by calling C<fsync> instead.
		515
		516	=item aio_group $callback->(...)
		517
		518	[EXPERIMENTAL]
		519
		520	This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it is a
		521	container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want to bundle
		522	many requests into a single, composite, request.
		523
		524	Returns an object of class L<IO::AIO::GRP>. See its documentation below
		525	for more info.
		526
		527	Example:
		528
		529	my $grp = aio_group sub {
		530	print "all stats done\n";
		531	};
		532
		533	add $grp
		534	(aio_stat ...),
		535	(aio_stat ...),
		536	...;
		537
		538	=item aio_nop $callback->()
		539
		540	This is a special request - it does nothing in itself and is only used for
		541	side effects, such as when you want to add a dummy request to a group so
		542	that finishing the requests in the group depends on executing the given
		543	code.
		544
		545	While this request does nothing, it still goes through the execution
		546	phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will not
		547	be executed immediately but only after other requests in the queue have
		548	entered their execution phase. This can be used to measure request
		549	latency.
		550
		551	=item IO::AIO::aio_sleep $fractional_seconds, $callback->() NOT EXPORTED
		552
		553	Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts one of
		554	the request workers to sleep for the given time.
		555
		556	While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling requests
		557	like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead this creates
		558	is immense, so do not use this function except to put your application
		559	under artificial I/O pressure.
		560
		561	=back
		562
		563	=head2 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS
		564
		565	All non-aggregate C<aio_*> functions return an object of this class when
		566	called in non-void context.
		567
		568	A request always moves through the following five states in its lifetime,
		569	in order: B<ready> (request has been created, but has not been executed
		570	yet), B<execute> (request is currently being executed), B<pending>
		571	(request has been executed but callback has not been called yet),
		572	B<result> (results are being processed synchronously, includes calling the
		573	callback) and B<done> (request has reached the end of its lifetime and
		574	holds no resources anymore).
		575
		576	=over 4
		577
		578	=item cancel $req
		579
		580	Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping execution
		581	when entering the B<execute> state and skipping calling the callback when
		582	entering the the B<result> state, but will leave the request otherwise
		583	untouched. That means that requests that currently execute will not be
		584	stopped and resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.
		585
		586	=item cb $req $callback->(...)
		587
		588	Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.
		589
		590	=back
		591
		592	=head2 IO::AIO::GRP CLASS
		593
		594	This class is a subclass of L<IO::AIO::REQ>, so all its methods apply to
		595	objects of this class, too.
		596
		597	A IO::AIO::GRP object is a special request that can contain multiple other
		598	aio requests.
		599
		600	You create one by calling the C<aio_group> constructing function with a
		601	callback that will be called when all contained requests have entered the
		602	C<done> state:
		603
		604	my $grp = aio_group sub {
		605	print "all requests are done\n";
		606	};
		607
		608	You add requests by calling the C<add> method with one or more
		609	C<IO::AIO::REQ> objects:
		610
		611	$grp->add (aio_unlink "...");
		612
		613	add $grp aio_stat "...", sub {
		614	$_[0] or return $grp->result ("error");
		615
		616	# add another request dynamically, if first succeeded
		617	add $grp aio_open "...", sub {
		618	$grp->result ("ok");
		619	};
		620	};
		621
		622	This makes it very easy to create composite requests (see the source of
		623	C<aio_move> for an application) that work and feel like simple requests.
		624
		625	=over 4
		626
		627	=item * The IO::AIO::GRP objects will be cleaned up during calls to
		628	C<IO::AIO::poll_cb>, just like any other request.
		629
		630	=item * They can be canceled like any other request. Canceling will cancel not
		631	only the request itself, but also all requests it contains.
		632
		633	=item * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.
		634
		635	=item * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback (or
		636	any later time).
		637
		638	=item * This does not harmonise well with C<max_outstanding>, so best do
		639	not combine C<aio_group> with it. Groups and feeders are recommended for
		640	this kind of concurrency-limiting.
		641
		642	=back
		643
		644	Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
		645	will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
		646	C<done> state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
		647	exist.
		648
		649	That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests. And
		650	in the callbacks of those requests, you can add further requests to the
		651	group. And only when all those requests have finished will the the group
		652	itself finish.
		653
		654	=over 4
		655
		656	=item add $grp ...
		657
		658	=item $grp->add (...)
		659
		660	Add one or more requests to the group. Any type of L<IO::AIO::REQ> can
		661	be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create circular
		662	dependencies.
		663
		664	Returns all its arguments.
		665
		666	=item $grp->result (...)
		667
		668	Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback when all
		669	subrequests have finished. By default, no argument will be passed.
		670
		671	=item feed $grp $callback->($grp)
		672
		673	[VERY EXPERIMENTAL]
		674
		675	Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an attached
		676	generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind this is that,
		677	although you could just queue as many requests as you want in a group,
		678	this might starve other requests for a potentially long time. For
		679	example, C<aio_scandir> might generate hundreds of thousands C<aio_stat>
		680	requests, delaying any later requests for a long time.
		681
		682	To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can
		683	instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those requests. The
		684	feed callback will be called whenever there are few enough (see C<feed_limit>,
		685	below) requests active in the group itself and is expected to queue more
		686	requests.
		687
		688	The feed can queue as many requests as it likes (i.e. C<add> does not
		689	impose any limits).
		690
		691	If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be
		692	automatically removed from the group.
		693
		694	If the feed limit is C<0>, it will be set to C<2> automatically.
		695
		696	Example:
		697
		698	# stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:
		699
		700	my $grp = aio_group sub { print "finished\n" };
		701	feed_limit $grp 4;
		702	feed $grp sub {
		703	my $file = pop @files
		704	or return;
		705
		706	add $grp aio_stat $file, sub { ... };
		707	};
		708
		709	=item feed_limit $grp $num
		710
		711	Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called whenever
		712	the group contains less than this many requests.
		713
		714	Setting the limit to C<0> will pause the feeding process.
		715
		716	=back
		717
		718	=head2 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
		719
		720	=over 4
		721
		722	=item $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
		723
		724	Return the I<request result pipe file descriptor>. This filehandle must be
		725	polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event or
		726	select, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe becomes readable you have
		727	to call C<poll_cb> to check the results.
		728
		729	See C<poll_cb> for an example.
		730
		731	=item IO::AIO::poll_cb
		732
		733	Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call this
		734	regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns immediately
		735	when no events are outstanding.
		736
		737	Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
		738	IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority:
		739
		740	Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
		741	poll => 'r', async => 1,
		742	cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
		743
		744	=item IO::AIO::poll_wait
		745
		746	Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply does a
		747	C<select> on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to synchronously wait
		748	for some requests to finish).
		749
		750	See C<nreqs> for an example.
		751
		752	=item IO::AIO::nreqs
		753
		754	Returns the number of requests currently outstanding (i.e. for which their
		755	callback has not been invoked yet).
		756
		757	Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore:
		758
		759	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		760	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
		761
		762	=item IO::AIO::flush
		763
		764	Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
		765
		766	Strictly equivalent to:
		767
		768	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		769	while IO::AIO::nreqs;
		770
		771	=item IO::AIO::poll
		772
		773	Waits until some requests have been handled.
		774
		775	Strictly equivalent to:
		776
		777	IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
		778	if IO::AIO::nreqs;
		779
		780	=item IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
		781
		782	Set the minimum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. The current
		783	default is C<8>, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute
		784	concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests,
		785	however, is unlimited).
		786
		787	IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued and
		788	no free thread exists.
		789
		790	It is recommended to keep the number of threads relatively low, as some
		791	Linux kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads
		792	(higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6
		793	versions, 4-32 threads should be fine.
		794
		795	Under most circumstances you don't need to call this function, as the
		796	module selects a default that is suitable for low to moderate load.
		797
		798	=item IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
		799
		800	Sets the maximum number of AIO threads to C<$nthreads>. If more than the
		801	specified number of threads are currently running, this function kills
		802	them. This function blocks until the limit is reached.
		803
		804	While C<$nthreads> are zero, aio requests get queued but not executed
		805	until the number of threads has been increased again.
		806
		807	This module automatically runs C<max_parallel 0> at program end, to ensure
		808	that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding requests.
		809
		810	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
		811
		812	=item $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs
		813
		814	[DEPRECATED]
		815
		816	Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to C<$nreqs>. If you
		817	try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will block until
		818	some requests have been handled.
		819
		820	The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. If you
		821	queue up many requests in a loop it often improves speed if you set
		822	this to a relatively low number, such as C<100>.
		823
		824	This function does not work well together with C<aio_group>'s, and their
		825	feeder interface is better suited to limiting concurrency, so do not use
		826	this function.
		827
		828	Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
		829
		830	=back
		831
219	=cut	832	=cut
220		833
		834	# support function to convert a fd into a perl filehandle
		835	sub _fd2fh {
		836	return undef if $_[0] < 0;
		837
		838	# try to generate nice filehandles
		839	my $sym = "IO::AIO::fd#$_[0]";
		840	local *$sym;
		841
		842	open *$sym, "+<&=$_[0]" # usually works under any unix
		843	or open *$sym, "<&=$_[0]" # cygwin needs this
		844	or open *$sym, ">&=$_[0]" # or this
		845	or return undef;
		846
		847	*$sym
		848	}
		849
221	min_parallel 4;	850	min_parallel 8;
222		851
223	END {	852	END {
224	max_parallel 0;	853	max_parallel 0;
225	}	854	}
226		855
227	1;	856	1;
228		857
229	=back	858	=head2 FORK BEHAVIOUR
230		859
231	=head1 BUGS	860	This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks:
232		861
233	- aio_open gives a fd, but all other functions expect a perl filehandle.	862	Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests
		863	can be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After
		864	the fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues
		865	request/result processing, while the child clears the request/result
		866	queue (so the requests started before the fork will only be handled in
		867	the parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit ste in the
		868	parent process has been reached again.
		869
		870	In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had
		871	not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been used
		872	yet.
		873
		874	=head2 MEMORY USAGE
		875
		876	Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 128 bytes
		877	of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly a few
		878	hundred bytes). Perl scalars and other data passed into aio requests will
		879	also be locked.
		880
		881	This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a
		882	problem.
		883
		884	Each thread needs a stack area which is usually around 16k, sometimes much
		885	larger, depending on the OS.
234		886
235	=head1 SEE ALSO	887	=head1 SEE ALSO
236		888
237	L<Coro>, L<Linux::AIO>.	889	L<Coro>, L<Linux::AIO> (obsolete).
238		890
239	=head1 AUTHOR	891	=head1 AUTHOR
240		892
241	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	893	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
242	http://home.schmorp.de/	894	http://home.schmorp.de/

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Revision 1.65 by root, Mon Oct 23 14:49:51 2006 UTC