1 | NAME |
1 | NAME |
2 | IO::AIO - Asynchronous Input/Output |
2 | IO::AIO - Asynchronous Input/Output |
3 | |
3 | |
4 | SYNOPSIS |
4 | SYNOPSIS |
5 | use IO::AIO; |
5 | use IO::AIO; |
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6 | |
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7 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
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8 | my ($fh) = @_; |
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9 | ... |
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10 | }; |
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11 | |
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12 | aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { }; |
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13 | |
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14 | aio_read $fh, 30000, 1024, $buffer, 0, sub { |
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15 | $_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!"; |
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16 | }; |
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17 | |
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18 | # Event |
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19 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
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20 | poll => 'r', |
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21 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
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22 | |
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23 | # Glib/Gtk2 |
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24 | add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
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25 | in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 }; |
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26 | |
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27 | # Tk |
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28 | Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "", |
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29 | readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
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30 | |
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31 | # Danga::Socket |
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32 | Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno => |
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33 | \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
6 | |
34 | |
7 | DESCRIPTION |
35 | DESCRIPTION |
8 | This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your |
36 | This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your |
9 | operating system supports. |
37 | operating system supports. |
10 | |
38 | |
… | |
… | |
17 | currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and |
45 | currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and |
18 | aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented |
46 | aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented |
19 | using threads anyway. |
47 | using threads anyway. |
20 | |
48 | |
21 | Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads, it |
49 | Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads, it |
22 | is currently not reentrant, so use appropriate locking yourself. |
50 | is currently not reentrant, so use appropriate locking yourself, always |
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51 | call "poll_cb" from within the same thread, or never call "poll_cb" (or |
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52 | other "aio_" functions) recursively. |
23 | |
53 | |
24 | API NOTES |
54 | FUNCTIONS |
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55 | AIO FUNCTIONS |
25 | All the "aio_*" calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall |
56 | All the "aio_*" calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall |
26 | with the same name (sans "aio_"). The arguments are similar or |
57 | with the same name (sans "aio_"). The arguments are similar or |
27 | identical, and they all accept an additional $callback argument which |
58 | identical, and they all accept an additional (and optional) $callback |
28 | must be a code reference. This code reference will get called with the |
59 | argument which must be a code reference. This code reference will get |
29 | syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return -1 on error, unlike perl, |
60 | called with the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return -1 on |
30 | which usually delivers "false") as it's sole argument when the given |
61 | error, unlike perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole |
31 | syscall has been executed asynchronously. |
62 | argument when the given syscall has been executed asynchronously. |
32 | |
63 | |
33 | All functions that expect a filehandle will also accept a file |
64 | All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle |
34 | descriptor. |
65 | internally until the request has finished. |
35 | |
66 | |
36 | The filenames you pass to these routines *must* be absolute. The reason |
67 | The pathnames you pass to these routines *must* be absolute and encoded |
37 | is that at the time the request is being executed, the current working |
68 | in byte form. The reason for the former is that at the time the request |
38 | directory could have changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you |
69 | is being executed, the current working directory could have changed. |
39 | never change the current working directory. |
70 | Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the current |
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71 | working directory. |
40 | |
72 | |
41 | IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads |
73 | To encode pathnames to byte form, either make sure you either: a) always |
42 | Set the minimum number of AIO threads to $nthreads. The default is |
74 | pass in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir etc.), b) |
43 | 1, which means a single asynchronous operation can be done at one |
75 | are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module and encode your |
44 | time (the number of outstanding operations, however, is unlimited). |
76 | pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in the user |
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77 | environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or |
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78 | e) use something else. |
45 | |
79 | |
46 | It is recommended to keep the number of threads low, as some linux |
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47 | kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads |
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48 | (higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). |
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49 | |
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50 | Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function, as |
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51 | this module automatically starts a single async thread. |
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52 | |
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53 | IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads |
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54 | Sets the maximum number of AIO threads to $nthreads. If more than |
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55 | the specified number of threads are currently running, kill them. |
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56 | This function blocks until the limit is reached. |
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57 | |
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58 | This module automatically runs "max_parallel 0" at program end, to |
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59 | ensure that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding |
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60 | requests. |
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61 | |
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62 | Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function. |
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63 | |
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64 | $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno |
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65 | Return the *request result pipe filehandle*. This filehandle must be |
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66 | polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event |
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67 | or select, see below). If the pipe becomes readable you have to call |
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68 | "poll_cb" to check the results. |
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69 | |
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70 | See "poll_cb" for an example. |
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71 | |
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72 | IO::AIO::poll_cb |
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73 | Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call |
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74 | this regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns |
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75 | immediately when no events are outstanding. |
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76 | |
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77 | You can use Event to multiplex, e.g.: |
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78 | |
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79 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
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80 | poll => 'r', async => 1, |
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81 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
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82 | |
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83 | IO::AIO::poll_wait |
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84 | Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply |
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85 | does a select on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to |
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86 | synchronously wait for some requests to finish). |
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87 | |
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88 | See "nreqs" for an example. |
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89 | |
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90 | IO::AIO::nreqs |
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91 | Returns the number of requests currently outstanding. |
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92 | |
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93 | Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore: |
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94 | |
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95 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
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96 | while IO::AIO::nreqs; |
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97 | |
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98 | aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback |
80 | aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh) |
99 | Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a |
81 | Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a |
100 | newly created filehandle for the file. |
82 | newly created filehandle for the file. |
101 | |
83 | |
102 | The pathname passed to "aio_open" must be absolute. See API NOTES, |
84 | The pathname passed to "aio_open" must be absolute. See API NOTES, |
103 | above, for an explanation. |
85 | above, for an explanation. |
104 | |
86 | |
105 | The $mode argument is a bitmask. See the "Fcntl" module for a list. |
87 | The $flags argument is a bitmask. See the "Fcntl" module for a list. |
106 | They are the same as used in "sysopen". |
88 | They are the same as used by "sysopen". |
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89 | |
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90 | Likewise, $mode specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it |
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91 | didn't exist and "O_CREAT" has been given, just like perl's |
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92 | "sysopen", except that it is mandatory (i.e. use 0 if you don't |
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93 | create new files, and 0666 or 0777 if you do). |
107 | |
94 | |
108 | Example: |
95 | Example: |
109 | |
96 | |
110 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
97 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
111 | if ($_[0]) { |
98 | if ($_[0]) { |
… | |
… | |
114 | } else { |
101 | } else { |
115 | die "open failed: $!\n"; |
102 | die "open failed: $!\n"; |
116 | } |
103 | } |
117 | }; |
104 | }; |
118 | |
105 | |
119 | aio_close $fh, $callback |
106 | aio_close $fh, $callback->($status) |
120 | Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result |
107 | Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result |
121 | code. *WARNING:* although accepted, you should not pass in a perl |
108 | code. *WARNING:* although accepted, you should not pass in a perl |
122 | filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor |
109 | filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor |
123 | itself when the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can safely |
110 | another time when the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can |
124 | call perls "close" or just let filehandles go out of scope. |
111 | safely call perls "close" or just let filehandles go out of scope. |
125 | |
112 | |
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113 | This is supposed to be a bug in the API, so that might change. It's |
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114 | therefore best to avoid this function. |
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115 | |
126 | aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset,$callback |
116 | aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval) |
127 | aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset,$callback |
117 | aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval) |
128 | Reads or writes "length" bytes from the specified "fh" and "offset" |
118 | Reads or writes "length" bytes from the specified "fh" and "offset" |
129 | into the scalar given by "data" and offset "dataoffset" and calls |
119 | into the scalar given by "data" and offset "dataoffset" and calls |
130 | the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on |
120 | the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on |
131 | error, just like the syscall). |
121 | error, just like the syscall). |
132 | |
122 | |
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123 | The $data scalar *MUST NOT* be modified in any way while the request |
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124 | is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or WW3 (if the |
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125 | necessary/optional hardware is installed). |
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126 | |
133 | Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar $buffer, strating at |
127 | Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar $buffer, starting at |
134 | offset 0 within the scalar: |
128 | offset 0 within the scalar: |
135 | |
129 | |
136 | aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub { |
130 | aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub { |
137 | $_[0] >= 0 or die "read error: $!"; |
131 | $_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!"; |
138 | print "read <$buffer>\n"; |
132 | print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n"; |
139 | }; |
133 | }; |
140 | |
134 | |
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135 | aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval) |
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136 | Tries to copy $length bytes from $in_fh to $out_fh. It starts |
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137 | reading at byte offset $in_offset, and starts writing at the current |
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138 | file offset of $out_fh. Because of that, it is not safe to issue |
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139 | more than one "aio_sendfile" per $out_fh, as they will interfere |
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140 | with each other. |
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141 | |
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142 | This call tries to make use of a native "sendfile" syscall to |
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143 | provide zero-copy operation. For this to work, $out_fh should refer |
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144 | to a socket, and $in_fh should refer to mmap'able file. |
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145 | |
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146 | If the native sendfile call fails or is not implemented, it will be |
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147 | emulated, so you can call "aio_sendfile" on any type of filehandle |
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148 | regardless of the limitations of the operating system. |
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149 | |
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150 | Please note, however, that "aio_sendfile" can read more bytes from |
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151 | $in_fh than are written, and there is no way to find out how many |
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152 | bytes have been read from "aio_sendfile" alone, as "aio_sendfile" |
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153 | only provides the number of bytes written to $out_fh. Only if the |
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154 | result value equals $length one can assume that $length bytes have |
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155 | been read. |
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156 | |
141 | aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback |
157 | aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval) |
142 | Asynchronously reads the specified byte range into the page cache, |
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143 | using the "readahead" syscall. If that syscall doesn't exist the |
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144 | status will be -1 and $! is set to ENOSYS. |
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145 | |
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146 | readahead() populates the page cache with data from a file so that |
158 | "aio_readahead" populates the page cache with data from a file so |
147 | subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The |
159 | that subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The |
148 | $offset argument specifies the starting point from which data is to |
160 | $offset argument specifies the starting point from which data is to |
149 | be read and $length specifies the number of bytes to be read. I/O is |
161 | be read and $length specifies the number of bytes to be read. I/O is |
150 | performed in whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down |
162 | performed in whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down |
151 | to a page boundary and bytes are read up to the next page boundary |
163 | to a page boundary and bytes are read up to the next page boundary |
152 | greater than or equal to (off-set+length). aio_readahead() does not |
164 | greater than or equal to (off-set+length). "aio_readahead" does not |
153 | read beyond the end of the file. The current file offset of the file |
165 | read beyond the end of the file. The current file offset of the file |
154 | is left unchanged. |
166 | is left unchanged. |
155 | |
167 | |
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168 | If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it |
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169 | will be emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a |
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170 | similar effect. |
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171 | |
156 | aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback |
172 | aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status) |
157 | aio_lstat $fh, $callback |
173 | aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status) |
158 | Works like perl's "stat" or "lstat" in void context. The callback |
174 | Works like perl's "stat" or "lstat" in void context. The callback |
159 | will be called after the stat and the results will be available |
175 | will be called after the stat and the results will be available |
160 | using "stat _" or "-s _" etc... |
176 | using "stat _" or "-s _" etc... |
161 | |
177 | |
162 | The pathname passed to "aio_stat" must be absolute. See API NOTES, |
178 | The pathname passed to "aio_stat" must be absolute. See API NOTES, |
… | |
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172 | aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub { |
188 | aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub { |
173 | $_[0] and die "stat failed: $!"; |
189 | $_[0] and die "stat failed: $!"; |
174 | print "size is ", -s _, "\n"; |
190 | print "size is ", -s _, "\n"; |
175 | }; |
191 | }; |
176 | |
192 | |
177 | aio_unlink $pathname, $callback |
193 | aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status) |
178 | Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the |
194 | Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the |
179 | result code. |
195 | result code. |
180 | |
196 | |
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197 | aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status) |
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198 | Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with |
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199 | the result code. |
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200 | |
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201 | aio_readdir $pathname $callback->($entries) |
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202 | Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, "aio_readdir" reads an |
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203 | entire directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries |
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204 | will not be sorted, and will NOT include the "." and ".." entries. |
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205 | |
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206 | The callback a single argument which is either "undef" or an |
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207 | array-ref with the filenames. |
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208 | |
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209 | aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs) |
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210 | Scans a directory (similar to "aio_readdir") and tries to separate |
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211 | the entries of directory $path into two sets of names, ones you can |
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212 | recurse into (directories), and ones you cannot recurse into |
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213 | (everything else). |
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214 | |
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215 | "aio_scandir" is a composite request that consists of many |
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216 | aio-primitives. $maxreq specifies the maximum number of outstanding |
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217 | aio requests that this function generates. If it is "<= 0", then a |
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218 | suitable default will be chosen (currently 8). |
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219 | |
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220 | On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it |
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221 | receives two array-refs with path-relative entry names. |
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222 | |
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223 | Example: |
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224 | |
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225 | aio_scandir $dir, 0, sub { |
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226 | my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_; |
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227 | print "real directories: @$dirs\n"; |
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228 | print "everything else: @$nondirs\n"; |
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229 | }; |
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230 | |
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231 | Implementation notes. |
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232 | |
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233 | The "aio_readdir" cannot be avoided, but "stat()"'ing every entry |
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234 | can. |
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235 | |
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236 | After reading the directory, the modification time, size etc. of the |
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237 | directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they |
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238 | match, the link count will be used to decide how many entries are |
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239 | directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge of the number of |
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240 | subdirectories will be assumed. |
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241 | |
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242 | Then entires will be sorted into likely directories (everything |
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243 | without a non-initial dot) and likely non-directories (everything |
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244 | else). Then every entry + "/." will be "stat"'ed, likely directories |
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245 | first. This is often faster because filesystems might detect the |
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246 | type of the entry without reading the inode data (e.g. ext2s |
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247 | filetype feature). If that succeeds, it assumes that the entry is a |
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248 | directory or a symlink to directory (which will be checked |
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249 | seperately). |
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250 | |
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251 | If the known number of directories has been reached, the rest of the |
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252 | entries is assumed to be non-directories. |
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253 | |
181 | aio_fsync $fh, $callback |
254 | aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status) |
182 | Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the |
255 | Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the |
183 | callback with the fsync result code. |
256 | callback with the fsync result code. |
184 | |
257 | |
185 | aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback |
258 | aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status) |
186 | Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the |
259 | Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the |
187 | callback with the fdatasync result code. |
260 | callback with the fdatasync result code. |
188 | |
261 | |
189 | BUGS |
262 | If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't |
190 | - could be optimized to use more semaphores instead of filehandles. |
263 | be detected, it will be emulated by calling "fsync" instead. |
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264 | |
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265 | SUPPORT FUNCTIONS |
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266 | $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno |
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267 | Return the *request result pipe file descriptor*. This filehandle |
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268 | must be polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module |
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269 | (e.g. Event or select, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe |
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270 | becomes readable you have to call "poll_cb" to check the results. |
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271 | |
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272 | See "poll_cb" for an example. |
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273 | |
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274 | IO::AIO::poll_cb |
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275 | Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call |
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276 | this regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns |
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277 | immediately when no events are outstanding. |
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278 | |
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279 | Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls |
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280 | IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority: |
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281 | |
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282 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
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283 | poll => 'r', async => 1, |
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284 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
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285 | |
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286 | IO::AIO::poll_wait |
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287 | Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply |
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288 | does a "select" on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to |
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289 | synchronously wait for some requests to finish). |
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290 | |
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291 | See "nreqs" for an example. |
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292 | |
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293 | IO::AIO::nreqs |
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294 | Returns the number of requests currently outstanding (i.e. for which |
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295 | their callback has not been invoked yet). |
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296 | |
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297 | Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore: |
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298 | |
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299 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
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300 | while IO::AIO::nreqs; |
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301 | |
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302 | IO::AIO::flush |
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303 | Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled. |
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304 | |
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305 | Strictly equivalent to: |
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306 | |
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307 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
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308 | while IO::AIO::nreqs; |
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309 | |
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310 | IO::AIO::poll |
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311 | Waits until some requests have been handled. |
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312 | |
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313 | Strictly equivalent to: |
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314 | |
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315 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
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316 | if IO::AIO::nreqs; |
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317 | |
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318 | IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads |
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319 | Set the minimum number of AIO threads to $nthreads. The current |
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320 | default is 4, which means four asynchronous operations can be done |
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321 | at one time (the number of outstanding operations, however, is |
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322 | unlimited). |
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323 | |
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324 | IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued |
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325 | and no free thread exists. |
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326 | |
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327 | It is recommended to keep the number of threads low, as some Linux |
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328 | kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads |
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329 | (higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6 |
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330 | versions, 4-32 threads should be fine. |
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331 | |
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332 | Under most circumstances you don't need to call this function, as |
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333 | the module selects a default that is suitable for low to moderate |
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334 | load. |
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335 | |
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336 | IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads |
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337 | Sets the maximum number of AIO threads to $nthreads. If more than |
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338 | the specified number of threads are currently running, this function |
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339 | kills them. This function blocks until the limit is reached. |
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340 | |
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341 | While $nthreads are zero, aio requests get queued but not executed |
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342 | until the number of threads has been increased again. |
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343 | |
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344 | This module automatically runs "max_parallel 0" at program end, to |
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345 | ensure that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding |
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346 | requests. |
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347 | |
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348 | Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function. |
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349 | |
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350 | $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs |
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351 | Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to $nreqs. If you |
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352 | try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will |
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353 | block until some requests have been handled. |
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354 | |
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355 | The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. |
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356 | If you queue up many requests in a loop it often improves speed if |
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357 | you set this to a relatively low number, such as 100. |
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358 | |
|
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359 | Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function. |
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360 | |
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361 | FORK BEHAVIOUR |
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362 | Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests can |
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363 | be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After the |
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364 | fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues |
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365 | request/result processing, while the child clears the request/result |
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366 | queue (so the requests started before the fork will only be handled in |
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367 | the parent). Threats will be started on demand until the limit ste in |
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368 | the parent process has been reached again. |
191 | |
369 | |
192 | SEE ALSO |
370 | SEE ALSO |
193 | Coro, Linux::AIO. |
371 | Coro, Linux::AIO. |
194 | |
372 | |
195 | AUTHOR |
373 | AUTHOR |