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3 | |
3 | |
4 | SYNOPSIS |
4 | SYNOPSIS |
5 | use IO::AIO; |
5 | use IO::AIO; |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
7 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
8 | my ($fh) = @_; |
8 | my $fh = shift |
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9 | or die "/etc/passwd: $!"; |
9 | ... |
10 | ... |
10 | }; |
11 | }; |
11 | |
12 | |
12 | aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { }; |
13 | aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { }; |
13 | |
14 | |
14 | aio_read $fh, 30000, 1024, $buffer, 0, sub { |
15 | aio_read $fh, 30000, 1024, $buffer, 0, sub { |
15 | $_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!"; |
16 | $_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!"; |
16 | }; |
17 | }; |
17 | |
18 | |
18 | # Event |
19 | # version 2+ has request and group objects |
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20 | use IO::AIO 2; |
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21 | |
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22 | aioreq_pri 4; # give next request a very high priority |
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23 | my $req = aio_unlink "/tmp/file", sub { }; |
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24 | $req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue |
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25 | |
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26 | my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" }; |
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27 | add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...; |
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28 | |
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29 | # AnyEvent integration (EV, Event, Glib, Tk, POE, urxvt, pureperl...) |
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30 | use AnyEvent::AIO; |
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31 | |
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32 | # EV integration |
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33 | my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb; |
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34 | |
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35 | # Event integration |
19 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
36 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
20 | poll => 'r', |
37 | poll => 'r', |
21 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
38 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
22 | |
39 | |
23 | # Glib/Gtk2 |
40 | # Glib/Gtk2 integration |
24 | add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
41 | add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
25 | in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb, 1 }; |
42 | in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 }; |
26 | |
43 | |
27 | # Tk |
44 | # Tk integration |
28 | Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "", |
45 | Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "", |
29 | readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
46 | readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
30 | |
47 | |
31 | # Danga::Socket |
48 | # Danga::Socket integration |
32 | Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno => |
49 | Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno => |
33 | \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
50 | \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
34 | |
51 | |
35 | DESCRIPTION |
52 | DESCRIPTION |
36 | This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your |
53 | This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your |
37 | operating system supports. |
54 | operating system supports. It is implemented as an interface to "libeio" |
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55 | (<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libeio.html>). |
38 | |
56 | |
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57 | Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program |
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58 | (e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation will |
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59 | still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This is |
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60 | extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even when |
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61 | doing heavy I/O (GUI programs, high performance network servers etc.), |
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62 | but can also be used to easily do operations in parallel that are |
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63 | normally done sequentially, e.g. stat'ing many files, which is much |
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64 | faster on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat |
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65 | operations concurrently. |
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66 | |
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67 | While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for example |
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68 | sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that support |
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69 | nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is very inefficient. |
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70 | Use an event loop for that (such as the EV module): IO::AIO will |
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71 | naturally fit into such an event loop itself. |
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72 | |
39 | Currently, a number of threads are started that execute your read/writes |
73 | In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your |
40 | and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in your libc |
74 | requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in |
41 | or perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible to |
75 | perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible to |
42 | the pthreads library. In the future, this module might make use of the |
76 | perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio |
43 | native aio functions available on many operating systems. However, they |
77 | functions available on many operating systems. However, they are often |
44 | are often not well-supported (Linux doesn't allow them on normal files |
78 | not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal |
45 | currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and |
79 | files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and |
46 | aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented |
80 | aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented |
47 | using threads anyway. |
81 | using threads anyway. |
48 | |
82 | |
49 | Although the module will work with in the presence of other threads, it |
83 | Although the module will work in the presence of other (Perl-) threads, |
50 | is currently not reentrant, so use appropriate locking yourself. |
84 | it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate locking |
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85 | yourself, always call "poll_cb" from within the same thread, or never |
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86 | call "poll_cb" (or other "aio_" functions) recursively. |
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87 | |
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88 | EXAMPLE |
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89 | This is a simple example that uses the EV module and loads /etc/passwd |
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90 | asynchronously: |
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91 | |
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92 | use Fcntl; |
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93 | use EV; |
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94 | use IO::AIO; |
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95 | |
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96 | # register the IO::AIO callback with EV |
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97 | my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb; |
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98 | |
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99 | # queue the request to open /etc/passwd |
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100 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
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101 | my $fh = shift |
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102 | or die "error while opening: $!"; |
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103 | |
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104 | # stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking |
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105 | my $size = -s $fh; |
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106 | |
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107 | # queue a request to read the file |
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108 | my $contents; |
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109 | aio_read $fh, 0, $size, $contents, 0, sub { |
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110 | $_[0] == $size |
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111 | or die "short read: $!"; |
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112 | |
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113 | close $fh; |
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114 | |
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115 | # file contents now in $contents |
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116 | print $contents; |
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117 | |
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118 | # exit event loop and program |
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119 | EV::unloop; |
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120 | }; |
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121 | }; |
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122 | |
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123 | # possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows, |
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124 | # check for sockets etc. etc. |
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125 | |
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126 | # process events as long as there are some: |
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127 | EV::loop; |
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128 | |
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129 | REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME |
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130 | Every "aio_*" function creates a request. which is a C data structure |
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131 | not directly visible to Perl. |
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132 | |
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133 | If called in non-void context, every request function returns a Perl |
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134 | object representing the request. In void context, nothing is returned, |
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135 | which saves a bit of memory. |
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136 | |
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137 | The perl object is a fairly standard ref-to-hash object. The hash |
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138 | contents are not used by IO::AIO so you are free to store anything you |
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139 | like in it. |
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140 | |
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141 | During their existance, aio requests travel through the following |
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142 | states, in order: |
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143 | |
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144 | ready |
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145 | Immediately after a request is created it is put into the ready |
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146 | state, waiting for a thread to execute it. |
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147 | |
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148 | execute |
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149 | A thread has accepted the request for processing and is currently |
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150 | executing it (e.g. blocking in read). |
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151 | |
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152 | pending |
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153 | The request has been executed and is waiting for result processing. |
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154 | |
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155 | While request submission and execution is fully asynchronous, result |
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156 | processing is not and relies on the perl interpreter calling |
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157 | "poll_cb" (or another function with the same effect). |
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158 | |
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159 | result |
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160 | The request results are processed synchronously by "poll_cb". |
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161 | |
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162 | The "poll_cb" function will process all outstanding aio requests by |
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163 | calling their callbacks, freeing memory associated with them and |
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164 | managing any groups they are contained in. |
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165 | |
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166 | done |
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167 | Request has reached the end of its lifetime and holds no resources |
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168 | anymore (except possibly for the Perl object, but its connection to |
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169 | the actual aio request is severed and calling its methods will |
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170 | either do nothing or result in a runtime error). |
51 | |
171 | |
52 | FUNCTIONS |
172 | FUNCTIONS |
53 | AIO FUNCTIONS |
173 | AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS |
54 | All the "aio_*" calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall |
174 | All the "aio_*" calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall |
55 | with the same name (sans "aio_"). The arguments are similar or |
175 | with the same name (sans "aio_"). The arguments are similar or |
56 | identical, and they all accept an additional (and optional) $callback |
176 | identical, and they all accept an additional (and optional) $callback |
57 | argument which must be a code reference. This code reference will get |
177 | argument which must be a code reference. This code reference will get |
58 | called with the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return -1 on |
178 | called with the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return -1 on |
59 | error, unlike perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole |
179 | error, unlike perl, which usually delivers "false") as its sole argument |
60 | argument when the given syscall has been executed asynchronously. |
180 | after the given syscall has been executed asynchronously. |
61 | |
181 | |
62 | All functions that expect a filehandle will also accept a file |
182 | All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle |
63 | descriptor. |
183 | internally until the request has finished. |
64 | |
184 | |
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185 | All functions return request objects of type IO::AIO::REQ that allow |
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186 | further manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight. |
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187 | |
65 | The filenames you pass to these routines *must* be absolute. The reason |
188 | The pathnames you pass to these routines *must* be absolute and encoded |
66 | is that at the time the request is being executed, the current working |
189 | as octets. The reason for the former is that at the time the request is |
67 | directory could have changed. Alternatively, you can make sure that you |
190 | being executed, the current working directory could have changed. |
68 | never change the current working directory. |
191 | Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the current |
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192 | working directory anywhere in the program and then use relative paths. |
69 | |
193 | |
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194 | To encode pathnames as octets, either make sure you either: a) always |
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195 | pass in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir etc.) |
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196 | without tinkering, b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module |
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197 | and encode your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in |
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198 | the user environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode |
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199 | filenames or e) use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct |
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200 | contents. |
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201 | |
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202 | This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO |
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203 | handles correctly whether it is set or not. |
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204 | |
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205 | $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri] |
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206 | Returns the priority value that would be used for the next request |
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207 | and, if $pri is given, sets the priority for the next aio request. |
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208 | |
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209 | The default priority is 0, the minimum and maximum priorities are -4 |
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210 | and 4, respectively. Requests with higher priority will be serviced |
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211 | first. |
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212 | |
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213 | The priority will be reset to 0 after each call to one of the |
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214 | "aio_*" functions. |
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215 | |
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216 | Example: open a file with low priority, then read something from it |
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217 | with higher priority so the read request is serviced before other |
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218 | low priority open requests (potentially spamming the cache): |
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219 | |
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220 | aioreq_pri -3; |
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221 | aio_open ..., sub { |
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222 | return unless $_[0]; |
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223 | |
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224 | aioreq_pri -2; |
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225 | aio_read $_[0], ..., sub { |
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226 | ... |
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227 | }; |
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228 | }; |
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229 | |
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230 | aioreq_nice $pri_adjust |
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231 | Similar to "aioreq_pri", but subtracts the given value from the |
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232 | current priority, so the effect is cumulative. |
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233 | |
70 | aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback |
234 | aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh) |
71 | Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a |
235 | Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a |
72 | newly created filehandle for the file. |
236 | newly created filehandle for the file. |
73 | |
237 | |
74 | The pathname passed to "aio_open" must be absolute. See API NOTES, |
238 | The pathname passed to "aio_open" must be absolute. See API NOTES, |
75 | above, for an explanation. |
239 | above, for an explanation. |
76 | |
240 | |
77 | The $mode argument is a bitmask. See the "Fcntl" module for a list. |
241 | The $flags argument is a bitmask. See the "Fcntl" module for a list. |
78 | They are the same as used in "sysopen". |
242 | They are the same as used by "sysopen". |
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243 | |
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244 | Likewise, $mode specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it |
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245 | didn't exist and "O_CREAT" has been given, just like perl's |
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246 | "sysopen", except that it is mandatory (i.e. use 0 if you don't |
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247 | create new files, and 0666 or 0777 if you do). Note that the $mode |
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248 | will be modified by the umask in effect then the request is being |
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249 | executed, so better never change the umask. |
79 | |
250 | |
80 | Example: |
251 | Example: |
81 | |
252 | |
82 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
253 | aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { |
83 | if ($_[0]) { |
254 | if ($_[0]) { |
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… | |
86 | } else { |
257 | } else { |
87 | die "open failed: $!\n"; |
258 | die "open failed: $!\n"; |
88 | } |
259 | } |
89 | }; |
260 | }; |
90 | |
261 | |
91 | aio_close $fh, $callback |
262 | aio_close $fh, $callback->($status) |
92 | Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result |
263 | Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result |
93 | code. *WARNING:* although accepted, you should not pass in a perl |
264 | code. |
94 | filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor |
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95 | itself when the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can safely |
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96 | call perls "close" or just let filehandles go out of scope. |
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97 | |
265 | |
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266 | Unfortunately, you can't do this to perl. Perl *insists* very |
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267 | strongly on closing the file descriptor associated with the |
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268 | filehandle itself. |
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269 | |
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270 | Therefore, "aio_close" will not close the filehandle - instead it |
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271 | will use dup2 to overwrite the file descriptor with the write-end of |
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272 | a pipe (the pipe fd will be created on demand and will be cached). |
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273 | |
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274 | Or in other words: the file descriptor will be closed, but it will |
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275 | not be free for reuse until the perl filehandle is closed. |
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276 | |
98 | aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset,$callback |
277 | aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval) |
99 | aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset,$callback |
278 | aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval) |
100 | Reads or writes "length" bytes from the specified "fh" and "offset" |
279 | Reads or writes $length bytes from or to the specified $fh and |
101 | into the scalar given by "data" and offset "dataoffset" and calls |
280 | $offset into the scalar given by $data and offset $dataoffset and |
102 | the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on |
281 | calls the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on |
103 | error, just like the syscall). |
282 | error, just like the syscall). |
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283 | |
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284 | "aio_read" will, like "sysread", shrink or grow the $data scalar to |
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285 | offset plus the actual number of bytes read. |
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286 | |
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287 | If $offset is undefined, then the current file descriptor offset |
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288 | will be used (and updated), otherwise the file descriptor offset |
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289 | will not be changed by these calls. |
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290 | |
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291 | If $length is undefined in "aio_write", use the remaining length of |
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292 | $data. |
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293 | |
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294 | If $dataoffset is less than zero, it will be counted from the end of |
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295 | $data. |
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296 | |
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297 | The $data scalar *MUST NOT* be modified in any way while the request |
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298 | is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or World War |
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299 | III (if the necessary/optional hardware is installed). |
104 | |
300 | |
105 | Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar $buffer, starting at |
301 | Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar $buffer, starting at |
106 | offset 0 within the scalar: |
302 | offset 0 within the scalar: |
107 | |
303 | |
108 | aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub { |
304 | aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub { |
109 | $_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!"; |
305 | $_[0] > 0 or die "read error: $!"; |
110 | print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n"; |
306 | print "read $_[0] bytes: <$buffer>\n"; |
111 | }; |
307 | }; |
112 | |
308 | |
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309 | aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval) |
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310 | Tries to copy $length bytes from $in_fh to $out_fh. It starts |
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311 | reading at byte offset $in_offset, and starts writing at the current |
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312 | file offset of $out_fh. Because of that, it is not safe to issue |
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313 | more than one "aio_sendfile" per $out_fh, as they will interfere |
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314 | with each other. |
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315 | |
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316 | This call tries to make use of a native "sendfile" syscall to |
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317 | provide zero-copy operation. For this to work, $out_fh should refer |
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318 | to a socket, and $in_fh should refer to mmap'able file. |
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319 | |
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320 | If a native sendfile cannot be found or it fails with "ENOSYS", |
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321 | "ENOTSUP", "EOPNOTSUPP", "EAFNOSUPPORT", "EPROTOTYPE" or "ENOTSOCK", |
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322 | it will be emulated, so you can call "aio_sendfile" on any type of |
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323 | filehandle regardless of the limitations of the operating system. |
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324 | |
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325 | Please note, however, that "aio_sendfile" can read more bytes from |
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326 | $in_fh than are written, and there is no way to find out how many |
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327 | bytes have been read from "aio_sendfile" alone, as "aio_sendfile" |
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328 | only provides the number of bytes written to $out_fh. Only if the |
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329 | result value equals $length one can assume that $length bytes have |
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330 | been read. |
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331 | |
113 | aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback |
332 | aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval) |
114 | Asynchronously reads the specified byte range into the page cache, |
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115 | using the "readahead" syscall. If that syscall doesn't exist (likely |
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116 | if your OS isn't Linux) the status will be -1 and $! is set to |
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117 | ENOSYS. |
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118 | |
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119 | readahead() populates the page cache with data from a file so that |
333 | "aio_readahead" populates the page cache with data from a file so |
120 | subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The |
334 | that subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The |
121 | $offset argument specifies the starting point from which data is to |
335 | $offset argument specifies the starting point from which data is to |
122 | be read and $length specifies the number of bytes to be read. I/O is |
336 | be read and $length specifies the number of bytes to be read. I/O is |
123 | performed in whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down |
337 | performed in whole pages, so that offset is effectively rounded down |
124 | to a page boundary and bytes are read up to the next page boundary |
338 | to a page boundary and bytes are read up to the next page boundary |
125 | greater than or equal to (off-set+length). aio_readahead() does not |
339 | greater than or equal to (off-set+length). "aio_readahead" does not |
126 | read beyond the end of the file. The current file offset of the file |
340 | read beyond the end of the file. The current file offset of the file |
127 | is left unchanged. |
341 | is left unchanged. |
128 | |
342 | |
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343 | If that syscall doesn't exist (likely if your OS isn't Linux) it |
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344 | will be emulated by simply reading the data, which would have a |
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345 | similar effect. |
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346 | |
129 | aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback |
347 | aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status) |
130 | aio_lstat $fh, $callback |
348 | aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status) |
131 | Works like perl's "stat" or "lstat" in void context. The callback |
349 | Works like perl's "stat" or "lstat" in void context. The callback |
132 | will be called after the stat and the results will be available |
350 | will be called after the stat and the results will be available |
133 | using "stat _" or "-s _" etc... |
351 | using "stat _" or "-s _" etc... |
134 | |
352 | |
135 | The pathname passed to "aio_stat" must be absolute. See API NOTES, |
353 | The pathname passed to "aio_stat" must be absolute. See API NOTES, |
… | |
… | |
145 | aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub { |
363 | aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub { |
146 | $_[0] and die "stat failed: $!"; |
364 | $_[0] and die "stat failed: $!"; |
147 | print "size is ", -s _, "\n"; |
365 | print "size is ", -s _, "\n"; |
148 | }; |
366 | }; |
149 | |
367 | |
|
|
368 | aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status) |
|
|
369 | Works like perl's "utime" function (including the special case of |
|
|
370 | $atime and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if |
|
|
371 | the underlying syscalls support them. |
|
|
372 | |
|
|
373 | When called with a pathname, uses utimes(2) if available, otherwise |
|
|
374 | utime(2). If called on a file descriptor, uses futimes(2) if |
|
|
375 | available, otherwise returns ENOSYS, so this is not portable. |
|
|
376 | |
|
|
377 | Examples: |
|
|
378 | |
|
|
379 | # set atime and mtime to current time (basically touch(1)): |
|
|
380 | aio_utime "path", undef, undef; |
|
|
381 | # set atime to current time and mtime to beginning of the epoch: |
|
|
382 | aio_utime "path", time, undef; # undef==0 |
|
|
383 | |
|
|
384 | aio_chown $fh_or_path, $uid, $gid, $callback->($status) |
|
|
385 | Works like perl's "chown" function, except that "undef" for either |
|
|
386 | $uid or $gid is being interpreted as "do not change" (but -1 can |
|
|
387 | also be used). |
|
|
388 | |
|
|
389 | Examples: |
|
|
390 | |
|
|
391 | # same as "chown root path" in the shell: |
|
|
392 | aio_chown "path", 0, -1; |
|
|
393 | # same as above: |
|
|
394 | aio_chown "path", 0, undef; |
|
|
395 | |
|
|
396 | aio_truncate $fh_or_path, $offset, $callback->($status) |
|
|
397 | Works like truncate(2) or ftruncate(2). |
|
|
398 | |
|
|
399 | aio_chmod $fh_or_path, $mode, $callback->($status) |
|
|
400 | Works like perl's "chmod" function. |
|
|
401 | |
150 | aio_unlink $pathname, $callback |
402 | aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status) |
151 | Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the |
403 | Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the |
152 | result code. |
404 | result code. |
153 | |
405 | |
|
|
406 | aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status) |
|
|
407 | [EXPERIMENTAL] |
|
|
408 | |
|
|
409 | Asynchronously create a device node (or fifo). See mknod(2). |
|
|
410 | |
|
|
411 | The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is: |
|
|
412 | |
|
|
413 | aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO | $mode, 0, sub { ... |
|
|
414 | |
|
|
415 | aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
|
|
416 | Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at $srcpath |
|
|
417 | at the path $dstpath and call the callback with the result code. |
|
|
418 | |
|
|
419 | aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
|
|
420 | Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at |
|
|
421 | $srcpath at the path $dstpath and call the callback with the result |
|
|
422 | code. |
|
|
423 | |
|
|
424 | aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link) |
|
|
425 | Asynchronously read the symlink specified by $path and pass it to |
|
|
426 | the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to |
|
|
427 | the callback. |
|
|
428 | |
|
|
429 | aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
|
|
430 | Asynchronously rename the object at $srcpath to $dstpath, just as |
|
|
431 | rename(2) and call the callback with the result code. |
|
|
432 | |
|
|
433 | aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status) |
|
|
434 | Asynchronously mkdir (create) a directory and call the callback with |
|
|
435 | the result code. $mode will be modified by the umask at the time the |
|
|
436 | request is executed, so do not change your umask. |
|
|
437 | |
|
|
438 | aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status) |
|
|
439 | Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with |
|
|
440 | the result code. |
|
|
441 | |
|
|
442 | aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries) |
|
|
443 | Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, "aio_readdir" reads an |
|
|
444 | entire directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries |
|
|
445 | will not be sorted, and will NOT include the "." and ".." entries. |
|
|
446 | |
|
|
447 | The callback is passed a single argument which is either "undef" or |
|
|
448 | an array-ref with the filenames. |
|
|
449 | |
|
|
450 | aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags) |
|
|
451 | Quite similar to "aio_readdir", but the $flags argument allows to |
|
|
452 | tune behaviour and output format. In case of an error, $entries will |
|
|
453 | be "undef". |
|
|
454 | |
|
|
455 | The flags are a combination of the following constants, ORed |
|
|
456 | together (the flags will also be passed to the callback, possibly |
|
|
457 | modified): |
|
|
458 | |
|
|
459 | IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS |
|
|
460 | When this flag is off, then the callback gets an arrayref with |
|
|
461 | of names only (as with "aio_readdir"), otherwise it gets an |
|
|
462 | arrayref with "[$name, $type, $inode]" arrayrefs, each |
|
|
463 | describing a single directory entry in more detail. |
|
|
464 | |
|
|
465 | $name is the name of the entry. |
|
|
466 | |
|
|
467 | $type is one of the "IO::AIO::DT_xxx" constants: |
|
|
468 | |
|
|
469 | "IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN", "IO::AIO::DT_FIFO", "IO::AIO::DT_CHR", |
|
|
470 | "IO::AIO::DT_DIR", "IO::AIO::DT_BLK", "IO::AIO::DT_REG", |
|
|
471 | "IO::AIO::DT_LNK", "IO::AIO::DT_SOCK", "IO::AIO::DT_WHT". |
|
|
472 | |
|
|
473 | "IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN" means just that: readdir does not know. If |
|
|
474 | you need to know, you have to run stat yourself. Also, for speed |
|
|
475 | reasons, the $type scalars are read-only: you can not modify |
|
|
476 | them. |
|
|
477 | |
|
|
478 | $inode is the inode number (which might not be exact on systems |
|
|
479 | with 64 bit inode numbers and 32 bit perls). This field has |
|
|
480 | unspecified content on systems that do not deliver the inode |
|
|
481 | information. |
|
|
482 | |
|
|
483 | IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST |
|
|
484 | When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an |
|
|
485 | order where likely directories come first. This is useful when |
|
|
486 | you need to quickly find directories, or you want to find all |
|
|
487 | directories while avoiding to stat() each entry. |
|
|
488 | |
|
|
489 | If the system returns type information in readdir, then this is |
|
|
490 | used to find directories directly. Otherwise, likely directories |
|
|
491 | are files beginning with ".", or otherwise files with no dots, |
|
|
492 | of which files with short names are tried first. |
|
|
493 | |
|
|
494 | IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER |
|
|
495 | When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an |
|
|
496 | order suitable for stat()'ing each one. That is, when you plan |
|
|
497 | to stat() all files in the given directory, then the returned |
|
|
498 | order will likely be fastest. |
|
|
499 | |
|
|
500 | If both this flag and "IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST" are |
|
|
501 | specified, then the likely dirs come first, resulting in a less |
|
|
502 | optimal stat order. |
|
|
503 | |
|
|
504 | IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN |
|
|
505 | This flag should not be set when calling "aio_readdirx". |
|
|
506 | Instead, it is being set by "aio_readdirx", when any of the |
|
|
507 | $type's found were "IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN". The absense of this |
|
|
508 | flag therefore indicates that all $type's are known, which can |
|
|
509 | be used to speed up some algorithms. |
|
|
510 | |
|
|
511 | aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status) |
|
|
512 | This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file |
|
|
513 | into memory. Status is the same as with aio_read. |
|
|
514 | |
|
|
515 | aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
|
|
516 | Try to copy the *file* (directories not supported as either source |
|
|
517 | or destination) from $srcpath to $dstpath and call the callback with |
|
|
518 | a status of 0 (ok) or -1 (error, see $!). |
|
|
519 | |
|
|
520 | This is a composite request that creates the destination file with |
|
|
521 | mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using |
|
|
522 | "aio_sendfile", followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and |
|
|
523 | uid/gid, in that order. |
|
|
524 | |
|
|
525 | If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, |
|
|
526 | if possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and |
|
|
527 | uid/gid, where errors are being ignored. |
|
|
528 | |
|
|
529 | aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) |
|
|
530 | Try to move the *file* (directories not supported as either source |
|
|
531 | or destination) from $srcpath to $dstpath and call the callback with |
|
|
532 | a status of 0 (ok) or -1 (error, see $!). |
|
|
533 | |
|
|
534 | This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first; |
|
|
535 | if rename fails with "EXDEV", it copies the file with "aio_copy" |
|
|
536 | and, if that is successful, unlinks the $srcpath. |
|
|
537 | |
|
|
538 | aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs) |
|
|
539 | Scans a directory (similar to "aio_readdir") but additionally tries |
|
|
540 | to efficiently separate the entries of directory $path into two sets |
|
|
541 | of names, directories you can recurse into (directories), and ones |
|
|
542 | you cannot recurse into (everything else, including symlinks to |
|
|
543 | directories). |
|
|
544 | |
|
|
545 | "aio_scandir" is a composite request that creates of many sub |
|
|
546 | requests_ $maxreq specifies the maximum number of outstanding aio |
|
|
547 | requests that this function generates. If it is "<= 0", then a |
|
|
548 | suitable default will be chosen (currently 4). |
|
|
549 | |
|
|
550 | On error, the callback is called without arguments, otherwise it |
|
|
551 | receives two array-refs with path-relative entry names. |
|
|
552 | |
|
|
553 | Example: |
|
|
554 | |
|
|
555 | aio_scandir $dir, 0, sub { |
|
|
556 | my ($dirs, $nondirs) = @_; |
|
|
557 | print "real directories: @$dirs\n"; |
|
|
558 | print "everything else: @$nondirs\n"; |
|
|
559 | }; |
|
|
560 | |
|
|
561 | Implementation notes. |
|
|
562 | |
|
|
563 | The "aio_readdir" cannot be avoided, but "stat()"'ing every entry |
|
|
564 | can. |
|
|
565 | |
|
|
566 | If readdir returns file type information, then this is used directly |
|
|
567 | to find directories. |
|
|
568 | |
|
|
569 | Otherwise, after reading the directory, the modification time, size |
|
|
570 | etc. of the directory before and after the readdir is checked, and |
|
|
571 | if they match (and isn't the current time), the link count will be |
|
|
572 | used to decide how many entries are directories (if >= 2). |
|
|
573 | Otherwise, no knowledge of the number of subdirectories will be |
|
|
574 | assumed. |
|
|
575 | |
|
|
576 | Then entries will be sorted into likely directories a non-initial |
|
|
577 | dot currently) and likely non-directories (see "aio_readdirx"). Then |
|
|
578 | every entry plus an appended "/." will be "stat"'ed, likely |
|
|
579 | directories first, in order of their inode numbers. If that |
|
|
580 | succeeds, it assumes that the entry is a directory or a symlink to |
|
|
581 | directory (which will be checked seperately). This is often faster |
|
|
582 | than stat'ing the entry itself because filesystems might detect the |
|
|
583 | type of the entry without reading the inode data (e.g. ext2fs |
|
|
584 | filetype feature), even on systems that cannot return the filetype |
|
|
585 | information on readdir. |
|
|
586 | |
|
|
587 | If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been |
|
|
588 | reached, the rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories. |
|
|
589 | |
|
|
590 | This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which |
|
|
591 | fortunately are the vast majority of filesystems around. |
|
|
592 | |
|
|
593 | It will also likely work on non-POSIX filesystems with reduced |
|
|
594 | efficiency as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which |
|
|
595 | disables the directory counting heuristic. |
|
|
596 | |
|
|
597 | aio_rmtree $path, $callback->($status) |
|
|
598 | Delete a directory tree starting (and including) $path, return the |
|
|
599 | status of the final "rmdir" only. This is a composite request that |
|
|
600 | uses "aio_scandir" to recurse into and rmdir directories, and unlink |
|
|
601 | everything else. |
|
|
602 | |
|
|
603 | aio_sync $callback->($status) |
|
|
604 | Asynchronously call sync and call the callback when finished. |
|
|
605 | |
154 | aio_fsync $fh, $callback |
606 | aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status) |
155 | Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the |
607 | Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the |
156 | callback with the fsync result code. |
608 | callback with the fsync result code. |
157 | |
609 | |
158 | aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback |
610 | aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status) |
159 | Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the |
611 | Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the |
160 | callback with the fdatasync result code. |
612 | callback with the fdatasync result code. |
161 | |
613 | |
|
|
614 | If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't |
|
|
615 | be detected, it will be emulated by calling "fsync" instead. |
|
|
616 | |
|
|
617 | aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status) |
|
|
618 | Sync the data portion of the file specified by $offset and $length |
|
|
619 | to disk (but NOT the metadata), by calling the Linux-specific |
|
|
620 | sync_file_range call. If sync_file_range is not available or it |
|
|
621 | returns ENOSYS, then fdatasync or fsync is being substituted. |
|
|
622 | |
|
|
623 | $flags can be a combination of |
|
|
624 | "IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE", |
|
|
625 | "IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE" and |
|
|
626 | "IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER": refer to the sync_file_range |
|
|
627 | manpage for details. |
|
|
628 | |
|
|
629 | aio_pathsync $path, $callback->($status) |
|
|
630 | This request tries to open, fsync and close the given path. This is |
|
|
631 | a composite request intended to sync directories after directory |
|
|
632 | operations (E.g. rename). This might not work on all operating |
|
|
633 | systems or have any specific effect, but usually it makes sure that |
|
|
634 | directory changes get written to disc. It works for anything that |
|
|
635 | can be opened for read-only, not just directories. |
|
|
636 | |
|
|
637 | Future versions of this function might fall back to other methods |
|
|
638 | when "fsync" on the directory fails (such as calling "sync"). |
|
|
639 | |
|
|
640 | Passes 0 when everything went ok, and -1 on error. |
|
|
641 | |
|
|
642 | aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, |
|
|
643 | $callback->($status) |
|
|
644 | This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which only works on |
|
|
645 | mmap(2)ed scalars (see the Sys::Mmap or Mmap modules for details on |
|
|
646 | this, note that the scalar must only be modified in-place while an |
|
|
647 | aio operation is pending on it). |
|
|
648 | |
|
|
649 | It calls the "msync" function of your OS, if available, with the |
|
|
650 | memory area starting at $offset in the string and ending $length |
|
|
651 | bytes later. If $length is negative, counts from the end, and if |
|
|
652 | $length is "undef", then it goes till the end of the string. The |
|
|
653 | flags can be a combination of "IO::AIO::MS_ASYNC", |
|
|
654 | "IO::AIO::MS_INVALIDATE" and "IO::AIO::MS_SYNC". |
|
|
655 | |
|
|
656 | aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, |
|
|
657 | $callback->($status) |
|
|
658 | This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on |
|
|
659 | mmap(2)ed scalars. |
|
|
660 | |
|
|
661 | It touches (reads or writes) all memory pages in the specified range |
|
|
662 | inside the scalar. All caveats and parameters are the same as for |
|
|
663 | "aio_msync", above, except for flags, which must be either 0 (which |
|
|
664 | reads all pages and ensures they are instantiated) or |
|
|
665 | "IO::AIO::MT_MODIFY", which modifies the memory page s(by reading |
|
|
666 | and writing an octet from it, which dirties the page). |
|
|
667 | |
|
|
668 | aio_group $callback->(...) |
|
|
669 | This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it |
|
|
670 | is a container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want |
|
|
671 | to bundle many requests into a single, composite, request with a |
|
|
672 | definite callback and the ability to cancel the whole request with |
|
|
673 | its subrequests. |
|
|
674 | |
|
|
675 | Returns an object of class IO::AIO::GRP. See its documentation below |
|
|
676 | for more info. |
|
|
677 | |
|
|
678 | Example: |
|
|
679 | |
|
|
680 | my $grp = aio_group sub { |
|
|
681 | print "all stats done\n"; |
|
|
682 | }; |
|
|
683 | |
|
|
684 | add $grp |
|
|
685 | (aio_stat ...), |
|
|
686 | (aio_stat ...), |
|
|
687 | ...; |
|
|
688 | |
|
|
689 | aio_nop $callback->() |
|
|
690 | This is a special request - it does nothing in itself and is only |
|
|
691 | used for side effects, such as when you want to add a dummy request |
|
|
692 | to a group so that finishing the requests in the group depends on |
|
|
693 | executing the given code. |
|
|
694 | |
|
|
695 | While this request does nothing, it still goes through the execution |
|
|
696 | phase and still requires a worker thread. Thus, the callback will |
|
|
697 | not be executed immediately but only after other requests in the |
|
|
698 | queue have entered their execution phase. This can be used to |
|
|
699 | measure request latency. |
|
|
700 | |
|
|
701 | IO::AIO::aio_busy $fractional_seconds, $callback->() *NOT EXPORTED* |
|
|
702 | Mainly used for debugging and benchmarking, this aio request puts |
|
|
703 | one of the request workers to sleep for the given time. |
|
|
704 | |
|
|
705 | While it is theoretically handy to have simple I/O scheduling |
|
|
706 | requests like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead |
|
|
707 | this creates is immense (it blocks a thread for a long time) so do |
|
|
708 | not use this function except to put your application under |
|
|
709 | artificial I/O pressure. |
|
|
710 | |
|
|
711 | IO::AIO::REQ CLASS |
|
|
712 | All non-aggregate "aio_*" functions return an object of this class when |
|
|
713 | called in non-void context. |
|
|
714 | |
|
|
715 | cancel $req |
|
|
716 | Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping |
|
|
717 | execution when entering the execute state and skipping calling the |
|
|
718 | callback when entering the the result state, but will leave the |
|
|
719 | request otherwise untouched (with the exception of readdir). That |
|
|
720 | means that requests that currently execute will not be stopped and |
|
|
721 | resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely. |
|
|
722 | |
|
|
723 | cb $req $callback->(...) |
|
|
724 | Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request. |
|
|
725 | |
|
|
726 | IO::AIO::GRP CLASS |
|
|
727 | This class is a subclass of IO::AIO::REQ, so all its methods apply to |
|
|
728 | objects of this class, too. |
|
|
729 | |
|
|
730 | A IO::AIO::GRP object is a special request that can contain multiple |
|
|
731 | other aio requests. |
|
|
732 | |
|
|
733 | You create one by calling the "aio_group" constructing function with a |
|
|
734 | callback that will be called when all contained requests have entered |
|
|
735 | the "done" state: |
|
|
736 | |
|
|
737 | my $grp = aio_group sub { |
|
|
738 | print "all requests are done\n"; |
|
|
739 | }; |
|
|
740 | |
|
|
741 | You add requests by calling the "add" method with one or more |
|
|
742 | "IO::AIO::REQ" objects: |
|
|
743 | |
|
|
744 | $grp->add (aio_unlink "..."); |
|
|
745 | |
|
|
746 | add $grp aio_stat "...", sub { |
|
|
747 | $_[0] or return $grp->result ("error"); |
|
|
748 | |
|
|
749 | # add another request dynamically, if first succeeded |
|
|
750 | add $grp aio_open "...", sub { |
|
|
751 | $grp->result ("ok"); |
|
|
752 | }; |
|
|
753 | }; |
|
|
754 | |
|
|
755 | This makes it very easy to create composite requests (see the source of |
|
|
756 | "aio_move" for an application) that work and feel like simple requests. |
|
|
757 | |
|
|
758 | * The IO::AIO::GRP objects will be cleaned up during calls to |
|
|
759 | "IO::AIO::poll_cb", just like any other request. |
|
|
760 | |
|
|
761 | * They can be canceled like any other request. Canceling will cancel |
|
|
762 | not only the request itself, but also all requests it contains. |
|
|
763 | |
|
|
764 | * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects. |
|
|
765 | |
|
|
766 | * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback |
|
|
767 | (or any later time). |
|
|
768 | |
|
|
769 | Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they |
|
|
770 | will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the |
|
|
771 | "done" state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to |
|
|
772 | exist. |
|
|
773 | |
|
|
774 | That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests |
|
|
775 | (precisely before the callback has been invoked, which is only done |
|
|
776 | within the "poll_cb"). And in the callbacks of those requests, you can |
|
|
777 | add further requests to the group. And only when all those requests have |
|
|
778 | finished will the the group itself finish. |
|
|
779 | |
|
|
780 | add $grp ... |
|
|
781 | $grp->add (...) |
|
|
782 | Add one or more requests to the group. Any type of IO::AIO::REQ can |
|
|
783 | be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create |
|
|
784 | circular dependencies. |
|
|
785 | |
|
|
786 | Returns all its arguments. |
|
|
787 | |
|
|
788 | $grp->cancel_subs |
|
|
789 | Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group |
|
|
790 | request itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a |
|
|
791 | result early. |
|
|
792 | |
|
|
793 | The group request will finish normally (you cannot add requests to |
|
|
794 | the group). |
|
|
795 | |
|
|
796 | $grp->result (...) |
|
|
797 | Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback |
|
|
798 | when all subrequests have finished and set the groups errno to the |
|
|
799 | current value of errno (just like calling "errno" without an error |
|
|
800 | number). By default, no argument will be passed and errno is zero. |
|
|
801 | |
|
|
802 | $grp->errno ([$errno]) |
|
|
803 | Sets the group errno value to $errno, or the current value of errno |
|
|
804 | when the argument is missing. |
|
|
805 | |
|
|
806 | Every aio request has an associated errno value that is restored |
|
|
807 | when the callback is invoked. This method lets you change this value |
|
|
808 | from its default (0). |
|
|
809 | |
|
|
810 | Calling "result" will also set errno, so make sure you either set $! |
|
|
811 | before the call to "result", or call c<errno> after it. |
|
|
812 | |
|
|
813 | feed $grp $callback->($grp) |
|
|
814 | Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an |
|
|
815 | attached generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind |
|
|
816 | this is that, although you could just queue as many requests as you |
|
|
817 | want in a group, this might starve other requests for a potentially |
|
|
818 | long time. For example, "aio_scandir" might generate hundreds of |
|
|
819 | thousands "aio_stat" requests, delaying any later requests for a |
|
|
820 | long time. |
|
|
821 | |
|
|
822 | To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can |
|
|
823 | instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those |
|
|
824 | requests. The feed callback will be called whenever there are few |
|
|
825 | enough (see "limit", below) requests active in the group itself and |
|
|
826 | is expected to queue more requests. |
|
|
827 | |
|
|
828 | The feed callback can queue as many requests as it likes (i.e. "add" |
|
|
829 | does not impose any limits). |
|
|
830 | |
|
|
831 | If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be |
|
|
832 | automatically removed from the group. |
|
|
833 | |
|
|
834 | If the feed limit is 0 when this method is called, it will be set to |
|
|
835 | 2 automatically. |
|
|
836 | |
|
|
837 | Example: |
|
|
838 | |
|
|
839 | # stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently: |
|
|
840 | |
|
|
841 | my $grp = aio_group sub { print "finished\n" }; |
|
|
842 | limit $grp 4; |
|
|
843 | feed $grp sub { |
|
|
844 | my $file = pop @files |
|
|
845 | or return; |
|
|
846 | |
|
|
847 | add $grp aio_stat $file, sub { ... }; |
|
|
848 | }; |
|
|
849 | |
|
|
850 | limit $grp $num |
|
|
851 | Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called |
|
|
852 | whenever the group contains less than this many requests. |
|
|
853 | |
|
|
854 | Setting the limit to 0 will pause the feeding process. |
|
|
855 | |
|
|
856 | The default value for the limit is 0, but note that setting a feeder |
|
|
857 | automatically bumps it up to 2. |
|
|
858 | |
162 | SUPPORT FUNCTIONS |
859 | SUPPORT FUNCTIONS |
|
|
860 | EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION |
163 | $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno |
861 | $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno |
164 | Return the *request result pipe filehandle*. This filehandle must be |
862 | Return the *request result pipe file descriptor*. This filehandle |
165 | polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module (e.g. Event |
863 | must be polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module |
166 | or select, see below). If the pipe becomes readable you have to call |
864 | (e.g. EV, Glib, select and so on, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the |
167 | "poll_cb" to check the results. |
865 | pipe becomes readable you have to call "poll_cb" to check the |
|
|
866 | results. |
168 | |
867 | |
169 | See "poll_cb" for an example. |
868 | See "poll_cb" for an example. |
170 | |
869 | |
171 | IO::AIO::poll_cb |
870 | IO::AIO::poll_cb |
172 | Process all outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call |
871 | Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call |
173 | this regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns |
872 | this regularly. Returns 0 if all events could be processed, or -1 if |
174 | immediately when no events are outstanding. |
873 | it returned earlier for whatever reason. Returns immediately when no |
|
|
874 | events are outstanding. The amount of events processed depends on |
|
|
875 | the settings of "IO::AIO::max_poll_req" and |
|
|
876 | "IO::AIO::max_poll_time". |
175 | |
877 | |
176 | You can use Event to multiplex, e.g.: |
878 | If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the |
|
|
879 | filehandle will still be ready when "poll_cb" returns, so normally |
|
|
880 | you don't have to do anything special to have it called later. |
|
|
881 | |
|
|
882 | Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls |
|
|
883 | IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority (more examples can be found in |
|
|
884 | the SYNOPSIS section, at the top of this document): |
177 | |
885 | |
178 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
886 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
179 | poll => 'r', async => 1, |
887 | poll => 'r', async => 1, |
180 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
888 | cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
181 | |
889 | |
|
|
890 | IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs |
|
|
891 | IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds |
|
|
892 | These set the maximum number of requests (default 0, meaning |
|
|
893 | infinity) that are being processed by "IO::AIO::poll_cb" in one |
|
|
894 | call, respectively the maximum amount of time (default 0, meaning |
|
|
895 | infinity) spent in "IO::AIO::poll_cb" to process requests (more |
|
|
896 | correctly the mininum amount of time "poll_cb" is allowed to use). |
|
|
897 | |
|
|
898 | Setting "max_poll_time" to a non-zero value creates an overhead of |
|
|
899 | one syscall per request processed, which is not normally a problem |
|
|
900 | unless your callbacks are really really fast or your OS is really |
|
|
901 | really slow (I am not mentioning Solaris here). Using |
|
|
902 | "max_poll_reqs" incurs no overhead. |
|
|
903 | |
|
|
904 | Setting these is useful if you want to ensure some level of |
|
|
905 | interactiveness when perl is not fast enough to process all requests |
|
|
906 | in time. |
|
|
907 | |
|
|
908 | For interactive programs, values such as 0.01 to 0.1 should be fine. |
|
|
909 | |
|
|
910 | Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls |
|
|
911 | IO::AIO::poll_cb with low priority, to ensure that other parts of |
|
|
912 | the program get the CPU sometimes even under high AIO load. |
|
|
913 | |
|
|
914 | # try not to spend much more than 0.1s in poll_cb |
|
|
915 | IO::AIO::max_poll_time 0.1; |
|
|
916 | |
|
|
917 | # use a low priority so other tasks have priority |
|
|
918 | Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, |
|
|
919 | poll => 'r', nice => 1, |
|
|
920 | cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb); |
|
|
921 | |
182 | IO::AIO::poll_wait |
922 | IO::AIO::poll_wait |
|
|
923 | If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result |
183 | Wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading (simply |
924 | phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading |
184 | does a select on the filehandle. This is useful if you want to |
925 | (simply does a "select" on the filehandle. This is useful if you |
185 | synchronously wait for some requests to finish). |
926 | want to synchronously wait for some requests to finish). |
186 | |
927 | |
187 | See "nreqs" for an example. |
928 | See "nreqs" for an example. |
188 | |
929 | |
|
|
930 | IO::AIO::poll |
|
|
931 | Waits until some requests have been handled. |
|
|
932 | |
|
|
933 | Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly |
|
|
934 | equivalent to: |
|
|
935 | |
|
|
936 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
|
|
937 | |
189 | IO::AIO::nreqs |
938 | IO::AIO::flush |
190 | Returns the number of requests currently outstanding. |
939 | Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled. |
191 | |
940 | |
192 | Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore: |
941 | Strictly equivalent to: |
193 | |
942 | |
194 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
943 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
195 | while IO::AIO::nreqs; |
944 | while IO::AIO::nreqs; |
196 | |
945 | |
197 | IO::AIO::flush |
946 | CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS |
198 | Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled. |
|
|
199 | |
|
|
200 | Strictly equivalent to: |
|
|
201 | |
|
|
202 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
|
|
203 | while IO::AIO::nreqs; |
|
|
204 | |
|
|
205 | IO::AIO::poll |
|
|
206 | Waits until some requests have been handled. |
|
|
207 | |
|
|
208 | Strictly equivalent to: |
|
|
209 | |
|
|
210 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
|
|
211 | if IO::AIO::nreqs; |
|
|
212 | |
|
|
213 | IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads |
947 | IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads |
214 | Set the minimum number of AIO threads to $nthreads. The default is |
948 | Set the minimum number of AIO threads to $nthreads. The current |
215 | 1, which means a single asynchronous operation can be done at one |
949 | default is 8, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute |
216 | time (the number of outstanding operations, however, is unlimited). |
950 | concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests, |
|
|
951 | however, is unlimited). |
217 | |
952 | |
|
|
953 | IO::AIO starts threads only on demand, when an AIO request is queued |
|
|
954 | and no free thread exists. Please note that queueing up a hundred |
|
|
955 | requests can create demand for a hundred threads, even if it turns |
|
|
956 | out that everything is in the cache and could have been processed |
|
|
957 | faster by a single thread. |
|
|
958 | |
218 | It is recommended to keep the number of threads low, as some Linux |
959 | It is recommended to keep the number of threads relatively low, as |
219 | kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of threads |
960 | some Linux kernel versions will scale negatively with the number of |
220 | (higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current Linux 2.6 |
961 | threads (higher parallelity => MUCH higher latency). With current |
221 | versions, 4-32 threads should be fine. |
962 | Linux 2.6 versions, 4-32 threads should be fine. |
222 | |
963 | |
223 | Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function, as |
964 | Under most circumstances you don't need to call this function, as |
224 | this module automatically starts some threads (the exact number |
965 | the module selects a default that is suitable for low to moderate |
225 | might change, and is currently 4). |
966 | load. |
226 | |
967 | |
227 | IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads |
968 | IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads |
228 | Sets the maximum number of AIO threads to $nthreads. If more than |
969 | Sets the maximum number of AIO threads to $nthreads. If more than |
229 | the specified number of threads are currently running, kill them. |
970 | the specified number of threads are currently running, this function |
230 | This function blocks until the limit is reached. |
971 | kills them. This function blocks until the limit is reached. |
|
|
972 | |
|
|
973 | While $nthreads are zero, aio requests get queued but not executed |
|
|
974 | until the number of threads has been increased again. |
231 | |
975 | |
232 | This module automatically runs "max_parallel 0" at program end, to |
976 | This module automatically runs "max_parallel 0" at program end, to |
233 | ensure that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding |
977 | ensure that all threads are killed and that there are no outstanding |
234 | requests. |
978 | requests. |
235 | |
979 | |
236 | Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function. |
980 | Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function. |
237 | |
981 | |
|
|
982 | IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads |
|
|
983 | Limit the number of threads (default: 4) that are allowed to idle |
|
|
984 | (i.e., threads that did not get a request to process within 10 |
|
|
985 | seconds). That means if a thread becomes idle while $nthreads other |
|
|
986 | threads are also idle, it will free its resources and exit. |
|
|
987 | |
|
|
988 | This is useful when you allow a large number of threads (e.g. 100 or |
|
|
989 | 1000) to allow for extremely high load situations, but want to free |
|
|
990 | resources under normal circumstances (1000 threads can easily |
|
|
991 | consume 30MB of RAM). |
|
|
992 | |
|
|
993 | The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread |
|
|
994 | creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you |
|
|
995 | might want to use larger values. |
|
|
996 | |
238 | $oldnreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $nreqs |
997 | IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs |
|
|
998 | This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because |
|
|
999 | it blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is |
|
|
1000 | inexact: Better use an "aio_group" together with a feed callback. |
|
|
1001 | |
239 | Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to $nreqs. If you |
1002 | Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to $nreqs. If you do |
240 | try to queue up more than this number of requests, the caller will |
1003 | queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to the |
241 | block until some requests have been handled. |
1004 | "poll_cb" (and "poll_some" and other functions calling "poll_cb") |
|
|
1005 | function will block until the limit is no longer exceeded. |
242 | |
1006 | |
243 | The default is very large, so normally there is no practical limit. |
1007 | The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on |
244 | If you queue up many requests in a loop it it often improves speed |
1008 | the number of outstanding requests. |
245 | if you set this to a relatively low number, such as 100. |
|
|
246 | |
1009 | |
247 | Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function. |
1010 | You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore, |
|
|
1011 | "max_outstanding" is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low |
|
|
1012 | values) or as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow |
|
|
1013 | (with large values). |
|
|
1014 | |
|
|
1015 | STATISTICAL INFORMATION |
|
|
1016 | IO::AIO::nreqs |
|
|
1017 | Returns the number of requests currently in the ready, execute or |
|
|
1018 | pending states (i.e. for which their callback has not been invoked |
|
|
1019 | yet). |
|
|
1020 | |
|
|
1021 | Example: wait till there are no outstanding requests anymore: |
|
|
1022 | |
|
|
1023 | IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb |
|
|
1024 | while IO::AIO::nreqs; |
|
|
1025 | |
|
|
1026 | IO::AIO::nready |
|
|
1027 | Returns the number of requests currently in the ready state (not yet |
|
|
1028 | executed). |
|
|
1029 | |
|
|
1030 | IO::AIO::npending |
|
|
1031 | Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state |
|
|
1032 | (executed, but not yet processed by poll_cb). |
|
|
1033 | |
|
|
1034 | MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS |
|
|
1035 | IO::AIO implements some functions that might be useful, but are not |
|
|
1036 | asynchronous. |
|
|
1037 | |
|
|
1038 | IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count |
|
|
1039 | Calls the "eio_sendfile_sync" function, which is like |
|
|
1040 | "aio_sendfile", but is blocking (this makes most sense if you know |
|
|
1041 | the input data is likely cached already and the output filehandle is |
|
|
1042 | set to non-blocking operations). |
|
|
1043 | |
|
|
1044 | Returns the number of bytes copied, or -1 on error. |
|
|
1045 | |
|
|
1046 | IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice |
|
|
1047 | Simply calls the "posix_fadvise" function (see it's manpage for |
|
|
1048 | details). The following advice constants are avaiable: |
|
|
1049 | "IO::AIO::FADV_NORMAL", "IO::AIO::FADV_SEQUENTIAL", |
|
|
1050 | "IO::AIO::FADV_RANDOM", "IO::AIO::FADV_NOREUSE", |
|
|
1051 | "IO::AIO::FADV_WILLNEED", "IO::AIO::FADV_DONTNEED". |
|
|
1052 | |
|
|
1053 | On systems that do not implement "posix_fadvise", this function |
|
|
1054 | returns ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of "posix_fadvise". |
|
|
1055 | |
|
|
1056 | FORK BEHAVIOUR |
|
|
1057 | This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks: |
|
|
1058 | |
|
|
1059 | Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests can |
|
|
1060 | be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After the |
|
|
1061 | fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues |
|
|
1062 | request/result processing, while the child frees the request/result |
|
|
1063 | queue (so that the requests started before the fork will only be handled |
|
|
1064 | in the parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit set in |
|
|
1065 | the parent process has been reached again. |
|
|
1066 | |
|
|
1067 | In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had |
|
|
1068 | not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been |
|
|
1069 | used yet. |
|
|
1070 | |
|
|
1071 | MEMORY USAGE |
|
|
1072 | Per-request usage: |
|
|
1073 | |
|
|
1074 | Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 100-200 |
|
|
1075 | bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly |
|
|
1076 | a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl |
|
|
1077 | scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and |
|
|
1078 | will consume memory till the request has entered the done state. |
|
|
1079 | |
|
|
1080 | This is not awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a |
|
|
1081 | problem. |
|
|
1082 | |
|
|
1083 | Per-thread usage: |
|
|
1084 | |
|
|
1085 | In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for |
|
|
1086 | temporary buffers, and each thread requires a stack and other data |
|
|
1087 | structures (usually around 16k-128k, depending on the OS). |
|
|
1088 | |
|
|
1089 | KNOWN BUGS |
|
|
1090 | Known bugs will be fixed in the next release. |
248 | |
1091 | |
249 | SEE ALSO |
1092 | SEE ALSO |
250 | Coro, Linux::AIO. |
1093 | AnyEvent::AIO for easy integration into event loops, Coro::AIO for a |
|
|
1094 | more natural syntax. |
251 | |
1095 | |
252 | AUTHOR |
1096 | AUTHOR |
253 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
1097 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
254 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
1098 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
255 | |
1099 | |