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Revision 1.53 by root, Thu Oct 11 03:20:52 2012 UTC

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2 IO::AIO - Asynchronous Input/Output 2 IO::AIO - Asynchronous Input/Output
3 3
4SYNOPSIS 4SYNOPSIS
5 use IO::AIO; 5 use IO::AIO;
6 6
7 aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { 7 aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
8 my $fh = shift 8 my $fh = shift
9 or die "/etc/passwd: $!"; 9 or die "/etc/passwd: $!";
10 ... 10 ...
11 }; 11 };
12 12
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24 $req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue 24 $req->cancel; # cancel request if still in queue
25 25
26 my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" }; 26 my $grp = aio_group sub { print "all stats done\n" };
27 add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...; 27 add $grp aio_stat "..." for ...;
28 28
29 # AnyEvent integration
30 open my $fh, "<&=" . IO::AIO::poll_fileno or die "$!";
31 my $w = AnyEvent->io (fh => $fh, poll => 'r', cb => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb });
32
33 # Event integration
34 Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
35 poll => 'r',
36 cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
37
38 # Glib/Gtk2 integration
39 add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
40 in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
41
42 # Tk integration
43 Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
44 readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
45
46 # Danga::Socket integration
47 Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
48 \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
49
50DESCRIPTION 29DESCRIPTION
51 This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your 30 This module implements asynchronous I/O using whatever means your
52 operating system supports. 31 operating system supports. It is implemented as an interface to "libeio"
32 (<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libeio.html>).
53 33
54 Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program 34 Asynchronous means that operations that can normally block your program
55 (e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation will 35 (e.g. reading from disk) will be done asynchronously: the operation will
56 still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This is 36 still block, but you can do something else in the meantime. This is
57 extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even when 37 extremely useful for programs that need to stay interactive even when
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61 faster on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat 41 faster on a RAID volume or over NFS when you do a number of stat
62 operations concurrently. 42 operations concurrently.
63 43
64 While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for example 44 While most of this works on all types of file descriptors (for example
65 sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that support 45 sockets), using these functions on file descriptors that support
66 nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is very inefficient 46 nonblocking operation (again, sockets, pipes etc.) is very inefficient.
67 or might not work (aio_read fails on sockets/pipes/fifos). Use an event
68 loop for that (such as the Event module): IO::AIO will naturally fit 47 Use an event loop for that (such as the EV module): IO::AIO will
69 into such an event loop itself. 48 naturally fit into such an event loop itself.
70 49
71 In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your 50 In this version, a number of threads are started that execute your
72 requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in 51 requests and signal their completion. You don't need thread support in
73 perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible to 52 perl, and the threads created by this module will not be visible to
74 perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio 53 perl. In the future, this module might make use of the native aio
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76 not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal 55 not well-supported or restricted (GNU/Linux doesn't allow them on normal
77 files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and 56 files currently, for example), and they would only support aio_read and
78 aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented 57 aio_write, so the remaining functionality would have to be implemented
79 using threads anyway. 58 using threads anyway.
80 59
81 Although the module will work with in the presence of other (Perl-) 60 Although the module will work in the presence of other (Perl-) threads,
82 threads, it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate 61 it is currently not reentrant in any way, so use appropriate locking
83 locking yourself, always call "poll_cb" from within the same thread, or 62 yourself, always call "poll_cb" from within the same thread, or never
84 never call "poll_cb" (or other "aio_" functions) recursively. 63 call "poll_cb" (or other "aio_" functions) recursively.
85 64
86 EXAMPLE 65 EXAMPLE
87 This is a simple example that uses the Event module and loads 66 This is a simple example that uses the EV module and loads /etc/passwd
88 /etc/passwd asynchronously: 67 asynchronously:
89 68
90 use Fcntl; 69 use Fcntl;
91 use Event; 70 use EV;
92 use IO::AIO; 71 use IO::AIO;
93 72
94 # register the IO::AIO callback with Event 73 # register the IO::AIO callback with EV
95 Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, 74 my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
96 poll => 'r',
97 cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
98 75
99 # queue the request to open /etc/passwd 76 # queue the request to open /etc/passwd
100 aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { 77 aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
101 my $fh = shift 78 my $fh = shift
102 or die "error while opening: $!"; 79 or die "error while opening: $!";
103 80
104 # stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking 81 # stat'ing filehandles is generally non-blocking
105 my $size = -s $fh; 82 my $size = -s $fh;
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114 91
115 # file contents now in $contents 92 # file contents now in $contents
116 print $contents; 93 print $contents;
117 94
118 # exit event loop and program 95 # exit event loop and program
119 Event::unloop; 96 EV::unloop;
120 }; 97 };
121 }; 98 };
122 99
123 # possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows, 100 # possibly queue up other requests, or open GUI windows,
124 # check for sockets etc. etc. 101 # check for sockets etc. etc.
125 102
126 # process events as long as there are some: 103 # process events as long as there are some:
127 Event::loop; 104 EV::loop;
128 105
129REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME 106REQUEST ANATOMY AND LIFETIME
130 Every "aio_*" function creates a request. which is a C data structure 107 Every "aio_*" function creates a request. which is a C data structure
131 not directly visible to Perl. 108 not directly visible to Perl.
132 109
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168 anymore (except possibly for the Perl object, but its connection to 145 anymore (except possibly for the Perl object, but its connection to
169 the actual aio request is severed and calling its methods will 146 the actual aio request is severed and calling its methods will
170 either do nothing or result in a runtime error). 147 either do nothing or result in a runtime error).
171 148
172FUNCTIONS 149FUNCTIONS
173 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS 150 QUICK OVERVIEW
151 This section simply lists the prototypes most of the functions for quick
152 reference. See the following sections for function-by-function
153 documentation.
154
155 aio_wd $pathname, $callback->($wd)
156 aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
157 aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
158 aio_seek $fh,$offset,$whence, $callback->($offs)
159 aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
160 aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
161 aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
162 aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
163 aio_stat $fh_or_path, $callback->($status)
164 aio_lstat $fh, $callback->($status)
165 aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs)
166 aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
167 aio_chown $fh_or_path, $uid, $gid, $callback->($status)
168 aio_chmod $fh_or_path, $mode, $callback->($status)
169 aio_truncate $fh_or_path, $offset, $callback->($status)
170 aio_allocate $fh, $mode, $offset, $len, $callback->($status)
171 aio_fiemap $fh, $start, $length, $flags, $count, $cb->(\@extents)
172 aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
173 aio_mknod $pathname, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
174 aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
175 aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
176 aio_readlink $pathname, $callback->($link)
177 aio_realpath $pathname, $callback->($link)
178 aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
179 aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status)
180 aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
181 aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
182 aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
183 IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
184 IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
185 aio_scandir $pathname, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
186 aio_load $pathname, $data, $callback->($status)
187 aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
188 aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
189 aio_rmtree $pathname, $callback->($status)
190 aio_sync $callback->($status)
191 aio_syncfs $fh, $callback->($status)
192 aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
193 aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status)
194 aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
195 aio_pathsync $pathname, $callback->($status)
196 aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
197 aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0, $callback->($status)
198 aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status)
199 aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status)
200 aio_group $callback->(...)
201 aio_nop $callback->()
202
203 $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
204 aioreq_nice $pri_adjust
205
206 IO::AIO::poll_wait
207 IO::AIO::poll_cb
208 IO::AIO::poll
209 IO::AIO::flush
210 IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
211 IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
212 IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
213 IO::AIO::max_parallel $nthreads
214 IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
215 IO::AIO::idle_timeout $seconds
216 IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
217 IO::AIO::nreqs
218 IO::AIO::nready
219 IO::AIO::npending
220
221 IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
222 IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
223 IO::AIO::mmap $scalar, $length, $prot, $flags[, $fh[, $offset]]
224 IO::AIO::munmap $scalar
225 IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $length, $advice
226 IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $length, $protect
227 IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef
228 IO::AIO::munlockall
229
230 API NOTES
174 All the "aio_*" calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall 231 All the "aio_*" calls are more or less thin wrappers around the syscall
175 with the same name (sans "aio_"). The arguments are similar or 232 with the same name (sans "aio_"). The arguments are similar or
176 identical, and they all accept an additional (and optional) $callback 233 identical, and they all accept an additional (and optional) $callback
177 argument which must be a code reference. This code reference will get 234 argument which must be a code reference. This code reference will be
178 called with the syscall return code (e.g. most syscalls return -1 on 235 called after the syscall has been executed in an asynchronous fashion.
179 error, unlike perl, which usually delivers "false") as it's sole 236 The results of the request will be passed as arguments to the callback
180 argument when the given syscall has been executed asynchronously. 237 (and, if an error occured, in $!) - for most requests the syscall return
238 code (e.g. most syscalls return -1 on error, unlike perl, which usually
239 delivers "false").
240
241 Some requests (such as "aio_readdir") pass the actual results and
242 communicate failures by passing "undef".
181 243
182 All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle 244 All functions expecting a filehandle keep a copy of the filehandle
183 internally until the request has finished. 245 internally until the request has finished.
184 246
185 All functions return request objects of type IO::AIO::REQ that allow 247 All functions return request objects of type IO::AIO::REQ that allow
186 further manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight. 248 further manipulation of those requests while they are in-flight.
187 249
188 The pathnames you pass to these routines *must* be absolute and encoded 250 The pathnames you pass to these routines *should* be absolute. The
189 as octets. The reason for the former is that at the time the request is 251 reason for this is that at the time the request is being executed, the
190 being executed, the current working directory could have changed. 252 current working directory could have changed. Alternatively, you can
191 Alternatively, you can make sure that you never change the current 253 make sure that you never change the current working directory anywhere
192 working directory anywhere in the program and then use relative paths. 254 in the program and then use relative paths. You can also take advantage
255 of IO::AIOs working directory abstraction, that lets you specify paths
256 relative to some previously-opened "working directory object" - see the
257 description of the "IO::AIO::WD" class later in this document.
193 258
194 To encode pathnames as octets, either make sure you either: a) always 259 To encode pathnames as octets, either make sure you either: a) always
195 pass in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir etc.) 260 pass in filenames you got from outside (command line, readdir etc.)
196 without tinkering, b) are ASCII or ISO 8859-1, c) use the Encode module 261 without tinkering, b) are in your native filesystem encoding, c) use the
197 and encode your pathnames to the locale (or other) encoding in effect in 262 Encode module and encode your pathnames to the locale (or other)
198 the user environment, d) use Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode 263 encoding in effect in the user environment, d) use
199 filenames or e) use something else to ensure your scalar has the correct 264 Glib::filename_from_unicode on unicode filenames or e) use something
200 contents. 265 else to ensure your scalar has the correct contents.
201 266
202 This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO 267 This works, btw. independent of the internal UTF-8 bit, which IO::AIO
203 handles correctly wether it is set or not. 268 handles correctly whether it is set or not.
204 269
270 AIO REQUEST FUNCTIONS
205 $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri] 271 $prev_pri = aioreq_pri [$pri]
206 Returns the priority value that would be used for the next request 272 Returns the priority value that would be used for the next request
207 and, if $pri is given, sets the priority for the next aio request. 273 and, if $pri is given, sets the priority for the next aio request.
208 274
209 The default priority is 0, the minimum and maximum priorities are -4 275 The default priority is 0, the minimum and maximum priorities are -4
… …
231 Similar to "aioreq_pri", but subtracts the given value from the 297 Similar to "aioreq_pri", but subtracts the given value from the
232 current priority, so the effect is cumulative. 298 current priority, so the effect is cumulative.
233 299
234 aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh) 300 aio_open $pathname, $flags, $mode, $callback->($fh)
235 Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a 301 Asynchronously open or create a file and call the callback with a
236 newly created filehandle for the file. 302 newly created filehandle for the file (or "undef" in case of an
303 error).
237 304
238 The pathname passed to "aio_open" must be absolute. See API NOTES, 305 The pathname passed to "aio_open" must be absolute. See API NOTES,
239 above, for an explanation. 306 above, for an explanation.
240 307
241 The $flags argument is a bitmask. See the "Fcntl" module for a list. 308 The $flags argument is a bitmask. See the "Fcntl" module for a list.
242 They are the same as used by "sysopen". 309 They are the same as used by "sysopen".
243 310
244 Likewise, $mode specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it 311 Likewise, $mode specifies the mode of the newly created file, if it
245 didn't exist and "O_CREAT" has been given, just like perl's 312 didn't exist and "O_CREAT" has been given, just like perl's
246 "sysopen", except that it is mandatory (i.e. use 0 if you don't 313 "sysopen", except that it is mandatory (i.e. use 0 if you don't
247 create new files, and 0666 or 0777 if you do). 314 create new files, and 0666 or 0777 if you do). Note that the $mode
315 will be modified by the umask in effect then the request is being
316 executed, so better never change the umask.
248 317
249 Example: 318 Example:
250 319
251 aio_open "/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY, 0, sub { 320 aio_open "/etc/passwd", IO::AIO::O_RDONLY, 0, sub {
252 if ($_[0]) { 321 if ($_[0]) {
253 print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n"; 322 print "open successful, fh is $_[0]\n";
254 ... 323 ...
255 } else { 324 } else {
256 die "open failed: $!\n"; 325 die "open failed: $!\n";
257 } 326 }
258 }; 327 };
259 328
329 In addition to all the common open modes/flags ("O_RDONLY",
330 "O_WRONLY", "O_RDWR", "O_CREAT", "O_TRUNC", "O_EXCL" and
331 "O_APPEND"), the following POSIX and non-POSIX constants are
332 available (missing ones on your system are, as usual, 0):
333
334 "O_ASYNC", "O_DIRECT", "O_NOATIME", "O_CLOEXEC", "O_NOCTTY",
335 "O_NOFOLLOW", "O_NONBLOCK", "O_EXEC", "O_SEARCH", "O_DIRECTORY",
336 "O_DSYNC", "O_RSYNC", "O_SYNC" and "O_TTY_INIT".
337
260 aio_close $fh, $callback->($status) 338 aio_close $fh, $callback->($status)
261 Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result 339 Asynchronously close a file and call the callback with the result
262 code. *WARNING:* although accepted, you should not pass in a perl 340 code.
263 filehandle here, as perl will likely close the file descriptor
264 another time when the filehandle is destroyed. Normally, you can
265 safely call perls "close" or just let filehandles go out of scope.
266 341
267 This is supposed to be a bug in the API, so that might change. It's 342 Unfortunately, you can't do this to perl. Perl *insists* very
268 therefore best to avoid this function. 343 strongly on closing the file descriptor associated with the
344 filehandle itself.
345
346 Therefore, "aio_close" will not close the filehandle - instead it
347 will use dup2 to overwrite the file descriptor with the write-end of
348 a pipe (the pipe fd will be created on demand and will be cached).
349
350 Or in other words: the file descriptor will be closed, but it will
351 not be free for reuse until the perl filehandle is closed.
352
353 aio_seek $fh, $offset, $whence, $callback->($offs)
354 Seeks the filehandle to the new $offset, similarly to perl's
355 "sysseek". The $whence can use the traditional values (0 for
356 "IO::AIO::SEEK_SET", 1 for "IO::AIO::SEEK_CUR" or 2 for
357 "IO::AIO::SEEK_END").
358
359 The resulting absolute offset will be passed to the callback, or -1
360 in case of an error.
361
362 In theory, the $whence constants could be different than the
363 corresponding values from Fcntl, but perl guarantees they are the
364 same, so don't panic.
365
366 As a GNU/Linux (and maybe Solaris) extension, also the constants
367 "IO::AIO::SEEK_DATA" and "IO::AIO::SEEK_HOLE" are available, if they
368 could be found. No guarantees about suitability for use in
369 "aio_seek" or Perl's "sysseek" can be made though, although I would
370 naively assume they "just work".
269 371
270 aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval) 372 aio_read $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
271 aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval) 373 aio_write $fh,$offset,$length, $data,$dataoffset, $callback->($retval)
272 Reads or writes "length" bytes from the specified "fh" and "offset" 374 Reads or writes $length bytes from or to the specified $fh and
273 into the scalar given by "data" and offset "dataoffset" and calls 375 $offset into the scalar given by $data and offset $dataoffset and
274 the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on 376 calls the callback without the actual number of bytes read (or -1 on
275 error, just like the syscall). 377 error, just like the syscall).
276 378
379 "aio_read" will, like "sysread", shrink or grow the $data scalar to
380 offset plus the actual number of bytes read.
381
382 If $offset is undefined, then the current file descriptor offset
383 will be used (and updated), otherwise the file descriptor offset
384 will not be changed by these calls.
385
386 If $length is undefined in "aio_write", use the remaining length of
387 $data.
388
389 If $dataoffset is less than zero, it will be counted from the end of
390 $data.
391
277 The $data scalar *MUST NOT* be modified in any way while the request 392 The $data scalar *MUST NOT* be modified in any way while the request
278 is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or WW3 (if the 393 is outstanding. Modifying it can result in segfaults or World War
279 necessary/optional hardware is installed). 394 III (if the necessary/optional hardware is installed).
280 395
281 Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar $buffer, starting at 396 Example: Read 15 bytes at offset 7 into scalar $buffer, starting at
282 offset 0 within the scalar: 397 offset 0 within the scalar:
283 398
284 aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub { 399 aio_read $fh, 7, 15, $buffer, 0, sub {
… …
289 aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval) 404 aio_sendfile $out_fh, $in_fh, $in_offset, $length, $callback->($retval)
290 Tries to copy $length bytes from $in_fh to $out_fh. It starts 405 Tries to copy $length bytes from $in_fh to $out_fh. It starts
291 reading at byte offset $in_offset, and starts writing at the current 406 reading at byte offset $in_offset, and starts writing at the current
292 file offset of $out_fh. Because of that, it is not safe to issue 407 file offset of $out_fh. Because of that, it is not safe to issue
293 more than one "aio_sendfile" per $out_fh, as they will interfere 408 more than one "aio_sendfile" per $out_fh, as they will interfere
294 with each other. 409 with each other. The same $in_fh works fine though, as this function
410 does not move or use the file offset of $in_fh.
295 411
412 Please note that "aio_sendfile" can read more bytes from $in_fh than
413 are written, and there is no way to find out how many more bytes
414 have been read from "aio_sendfile" alone, as "aio_sendfile" only
415 provides the number of bytes written to $out_fh. Only if the result
416 value equals $length one can assume that $length bytes have been
417 read.
418
419 Unlike with other "aio_" functions, it makes a lot of sense to use
420 "aio_sendfile" on non-blocking sockets, as long as one end
421 (typically the $in_fh) is a file - the file I/O will then be
422 asynchronous, while the socket I/O will be non-blocking. Note,
423 however, that you can run into a trap where "aio_sendfile" reads
424 some data with readahead, then fails to write all data, and when the
425 socket is ready the next time, the data in the cache is already
426 lost, forcing "aio_sendfile" to again hit the disk. Explicit
427 "aio_read" + "aio_write" let's you better control resource usage.
428
296 This call tries to make use of a native "sendfile" syscall to 429 This call tries to make use of a native "sendfile"-like syscall to
297 provide zero-copy operation. For this to work, $out_fh should refer 430 provide zero-copy operation. For this to work, $out_fh should refer
298 to a socket, and $in_fh should refer to mmap'able file. 431 to a socket, and $in_fh should refer to an mmap'able file.
299 432
300 If the native sendfile call fails or is not implemented, it will be 433 If a native sendfile cannot be found or it fails with "ENOSYS",
301 emulated, so you can call "aio_sendfile" on any type of filehandle 434 "EINVAL", "ENOTSUP", "EOPNOTSUPP", "EAFNOSUPPORT", "EPROTOTYPE" or
302 regardless of the limitations of the operating system. 435 "ENOTSOCK", it will be emulated, so you can call "aio_sendfile" on
436 any type of filehandle regardless of the limitations of the
437 operating system.
303 438
304 Please note, however, that "aio_sendfile" can read more bytes from 439 As native sendfile syscalls (as practically any non-POSIX interface
305 $in_fh than are written, and there is no way to find out how many 440 hacked together in a hurry to improve benchmark numbers) tend to be
306 bytes have been read from "aio_sendfile" alone, as "aio_sendfile" 441 rather buggy on many systems, this implementation tries to work
307 only provides the number of bytes written to $out_fh. Only if the 442 around some known bugs in Linux and FreeBSD kernels (probably
308 result value equals $length one can assume that $length bytes have 443 others, too), but that might fail, so you really really should check
309 been read. 444 the return value of "aio_sendfile" - fewre bytes than expected might
445 have been transferred.
310 446
311 aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval) 447 aio_readahead $fh,$offset,$length, $callback->($retval)
312 "aio_readahead" populates the page cache with data from a file so 448 "aio_readahead" populates the page cache with data from a file so
313 that subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The 449 that subsequent reads from that file will not block on disk I/O. The
314 $offset argument specifies the starting point from which data is to 450 $offset argument specifies the starting point from which data is to
… …
335 Currently, the stats are always 64-bit-stats, i.e. instead of 471 Currently, the stats are always 64-bit-stats, i.e. instead of
336 returning an error when stat'ing a large file, the results will be 472 returning an error when stat'ing a large file, the results will be
337 silently truncated unless perl itself is compiled with large file 473 silently truncated unless perl itself is compiled with large file
338 support. 474 support.
339 475
476 To help interpret the mode and dev/rdev stat values, IO::AIO offers
477 the following constants and functions (if not implemented, the
478 constants will be 0 and the functions will either "croak" or fall
479 back on traditional behaviour).
480
481 "S_IFMT", "S_IFIFO", "S_IFCHR", "S_IFBLK", "S_IFLNK", "S_IFREG",
482 "S_IFDIR", "S_IFWHT", "S_IFSOCK", "IO::AIO::major $dev_t",
483 "IO::AIO::minor $dev_t", "IO::AIO::makedev $major, $minor".
484
340 Example: Print the length of /etc/passwd: 485 Example: Print the length of /etc/passwd:
341 486
342 aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub { 487 aio_stat "/etc/passwd", sub {
343 $_[0] and die "stat failed: $!"; 488 $_[0] and die "stat failed: $!";
344 print "size is ", -s _, "\n"; 489 print "size is ", -s _, "\n";
345 }; 490 };
346 491
492 aio_statvfs $fh_or_path, $callback->($statvfs)
493 Works like the POSIX "statvfs" or "fstatvfs" syscalls, depending on
494 whether a file handle or path was passed.
495
496 On success, the callback is passed a hash reference with the
497 following members: "bsize", "frsize", "blocks", "bfree", "bavail",
498 "files", "ffree", "favail", "fsid", "flag" and "namemax". On
499 failure, "undef" is passed.
500
501 The following POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* constants are defined: "ST_RDONLY"
502 and "ST_NOSUID".
503
504 The following non-POSIX IO::AIO::ST_* flag masks are defined to
505 their correct value when available, or to 0 on systems that do not
506 support them: "ST_NODEV", "ST_NOEXEC", "ST_SYNCHRONOUS",
507 "ST_MANDLOCK", "ST_WRITE", "ST_APPEND", "ST_IMMUTABLE",
508 "ST_NOATIME", "ST_NODIRATIME" and "ST_RELATIME".
509
510 Example: stat "/wd" and dump out the data if successful.
511
512 aio_statvfs "/wd", sub {
513 my $f = $_[0]
514 or die "statvfs: $!";
515
516 use Data::Dumper;
517 say Dumper $f;
518 };
519
520 # result:
521 {
522 bsize => 1024,
523 bfree => 4333064312,
524 blocks => 10253828096,
525 files => 2050765568,
526 flag => 4096,
527 favail => 2042092649,
528 bavail => 4333064312,
529 ffree => 2042092649,
530 namemax => 255,
531 frsize => 1024,
532 fsid => 1810
533 }
534
535 Here is a (likely partial) list of fsid values used by Linux - it is
536 safe to hardcode these when the $^O is "linux":
537
538 0x0000adf5 adfs
539 0x0000adff affs
540 0x5346414f afs
541 0x09041934 anon-inode filesystem
542 0x00000187 autofs
543 0x42465331 befs
544 0x1badface bfs
545 0x42494e4d binfmt_misc
546 0x9123683e btrfs
547 0x0027e0eb cgroupfs
548 0xff534d42 cifs
549 0x73757245 coda
550 0x012ff7b7 coh
551 0x28cd3d45 cramfs
552 0x453dcd28 cramfs-wend (wrong endianness)
553 0x64626720 debugfs
554 0x00001373 devfs
555 0x00001cd1 devpts
556 0x0000f15f ecryptfs
557 0x00414a53 efs
558 0x0000137d ext
559 0x0000ef53 ext2/ext3
560 0x0000ef51 ext2
561 0x00004006 fat
562 0x65735546 fuseblk
563 0x65735543 fusectl
564 0x0bad1dea futexfs
565 0x01161970 gfs2
566 0x47504653 gpfs
567 0x00004244 hfs
568 0xf995e849 hpfs
569 0x958458f6 hugetlbfs
570 0x2bad1dea inotifyfs
571 0x00009660 isofs
572 0x000072b6 jffs2
573 0x3153464a jfs
574 0x6b414653 k-afs
575 0x0bd00bd0 lustre
576 0x0000137f minix
577 0x0000138f minix 30 char names
578 0x00002468 minix v2
579 0x00002478 minix v2 30 char names
580 0x00004d5a minix v3
581 0x19800202 mqueue
582 0x00004d44 msdos
583 0x0000564c novell
584 0x00006969 nfs
585 0x6e667364 nfsd
586 0x00003434 nilfs
587 0x5346544e ntfs
588 0x00009fa1 openprom
589 0x7461636F ocfs2
590 0x00009fa0 proc
591 0x6165676c pstorefs
592 0x0000002f qnx4
593 0x858458f6 ramfs
594 0x52654973 reiserfs
595 0x00007275 romfs
596 0x67596969 rpc_pipefs
597 0x73636673 securityfs
598 0xf97cff8c selinux
599 0x0000517b smb
600 0x534f434b sockfs
601 0x73717368 squashfs
602 0x62656572 sysfs
603 0x012ff7b6 sysv2
604 0x012ff7b5 sysv4
605 0x01021994 tmpfs
606 0x15013346 udf
607 0x00011954 ufs
608 0x54190100 ufs byteswapped
609 0x00009fa2 usbdevfs
610 0x01021997 v9fs
611 0xa501fcf5 vxfs
612 0xabba1974 xenfs
613 0x012ff7b4 xenix
614 0x58465342 xfs
615 0x012fd16d xia
616
617 aio_utime $fh_or_path, $atime, $mtime, $callback->($status)
618 Works like perl's "utime" function (including the special case of
619 $atime and $mtime being undef). Fractional times are supported if
620 the underlying syscalls support them.
621
622 When called with a pathname, uses utimes(2) if available, otherwise
623 utime(2). If called on a file descriptor, uses futimes(2) if
624 available, otherwise returns ENOSYS, so this is not portable.
625
626 Examples:
627
628 # set atime and mtime to current time (basically touch(1)):
629 aio_utime "path", undef, undef;
630 # set atime to current time and mtime to beginning of the epoch:
631 aio_utime "path", time, undef; # undef==0
632
633 aio_chown $fh_or_path, $uid, $gid, $callback->($status)
634 Works like perl's "chown" function, except that "undef" for either
635 $uid or $gid is being interpreted as "do not change" (but -1 can
636 also be used).
637
638 Examples:
639
640 # same as "chown root path" in the shell:
641 aio_chown "path", 0, -1;
642 # same as above:
643 aio_chown "path", 0, undef;
644
645 aio_truncate $fh_or_path, $offset, $callback->($status)
646 Works like truncate(2) or ftruncate(2).
647
648 aio_allocate $fh, $mode, $offset, $len, $callback->($status)
649 Allocates or freed disk space according to the $mode argument. See
650 the linux "fallocate" docuemntation for details.
651
652 $mode can currently be 0 or "IO::AIO::FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE" to
653 allocate space, or "IO::AIO::FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE |
654 IO::AIO::FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE", to deallocate a file range.
655
656 The file system block size used by "fallocate" is presumably the
657 "f_bsize" returned by "statvfs".
658
659 If "fallocate" isn't available or cannot be emulated (currently no
660 emulation will be attempted), passes -1 and sets $! to "ENOSYS".
661
662 aio_chmod $fh_or_path, $mode, $callback->($status)
663 Works like perl's "chmod" function.
664
347 aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status) 665 aio_unlink $pathname, $callback->($status)
348 Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the 666 Asynchronously unlink (delete) a file and call the callback with the
349 result code. 667 result code.
350 668
351 aio_mknod $path, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status) 669 aio_mknod $pathname, $mode, $dev, $callback->($status)
352 [EXPERIMENTAL] 670 [EXPERIMENTAL]
353 671
354 Asynchronously create a device node (or fifo). See mknod(2). 672 Asynchronously create a device node (or fifo). See mknod(2).
355 673
356 The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is: 674 The only (POSIX-) portable way of calling this function is:
357 675
358 aio_mknod $path, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO | $mode, 0, sub { ... 676 aio_mknod $pathname, IO::AIO::S_IFIFO | $mode, 0, sub { ...
677
678 See "aio_stat" for info about some potentially helpful extra
679 constants and functions.
359 680
360 aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 681 aio_link $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
361 Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at $srcpath 682 Asynchronously create a new link to the existing object at $srcpath
362 at the path $dstpath and call the callback with the result code. 683 at the path $dstpath and call the callback with the result code.
363 684
364 aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 685 aio_symlink $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
365 Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at 686 Asynchronously create a new symbolic link to the existing object at
366 $srcpath at the path $dstpath and call the callback with the result 687 $srcpath at the path $dstpath and call the callback with the result
367 code. 688 code.
368 689
369 aio_readlink $path, $callback->($link) 690 aio_readlink $pathname, $callback->($link)
370 Asynchronously read the symlink specified by $path and pass it to 691 Asynchronously read the symlink specified by $path and pass it to
371 the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to 692 the callback. If an error occurs, nothing or undef gets passed to
372 the callback. 693 the callback.
373 694
695 aio_realpath $pathname, $callback->($path)
696 Asynchronously make the path absolute and resolve any symlinks in
697 $path. The resulting path only consists of directories (Same as
698 Cwd::realpath).
699
700 This request can be used to get the absolute path of the current
701 working directory by passing it a path of . (a single dot).
702
374 aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 703 aio_rename $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
375 Asynchronously rename the object at $srcpath to $dstpath, just as 704 Asynchronously rename the object at $srcpath to $dstpath, just as
376 rename(2) and call the callback with the result code. 705 rename(2) and call the callback with the result code.
706
707 aio_mkdir $pathname, $mode, $callback->($status)
708 Asynchronously mkdir (create) a directory and call the callback with
709 the result code. $mode will be modified by the umask at the time the
710 request is executed, so do not change your umask.
377 711
378 aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status) 712 aio_rmdir $pathname, $callback->($status)
379 Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with 713 Asynchronously rmdir (delete) a directory and call the callback with
380 the result code. 714 the result code.
381 715
382 aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries) 716 aio_readdir $pathname, $callback->($entries)
383 Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, "aio_readdir" reads an 717 Unlike the POSIX call of the same name, "aio_readdir" reads an
384 entire directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries 718 entire directory (i.e. opendir + readdir + closedir). The entries
385 will not be sorted, and will NOT include the "." and ".." entries. 719 will not be sorted, and will NOT include the "." and ".." entries.
386 720
387 The callback a single argument which is either "undef" or an 721 The callback is passed a single argument which is either "undef" or
388 array-ref with the filenames. 722 an array-ref with the filenames.
389 723
724 aio_readdirx $pathname, $flags, $callback->($entries, $flags)
725 Quite similar to "aio_readdir", but the $flags argument allows one
726 to tune behaviour and output format. In case of an error, $entries
727 will be "undef".
728
729 The flags are a combination of the following constants, ORed
730 together (the flags will also be passed to the callback, possibly
731 modified):
732
733 IO::AIO::READDIR_DENTS
734 When this flag is off, then the callback gets an arrayref
735 consisting of names only (as with "aio_readdir"), otherwise it
736 gets an arrayref with "[$name, $type, $inode]" arrayrefs, each
737 describing a single directory entry in more detail.
738
739 $name is the name of the entry.
740
741 $type is one of the "IO::AIO::DT_xxx" constants:
742
743 "IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN", "IO::AIO::DT_FIFO", "IO::AIO::DT_CHR",
744 "IO::AIO::DT_DIR", "IO::AIO::DT_BLK", "IO::AIO::DT_REG",
745 "IO::AIO::DT_LNK", "IO::AIO::DT_SOCK", "IO::AIO::DT_WHT".
746
747 "IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN" means just that: readdir does not know. If
748 you need to know, you have to run stat yourself. Also, for speed
749 reasons, the $type scalars are read-only: you can not modify
750 them.
751
752 $inode is the inode number (which might not be exact on systems
753 with 64 bit inode numbers and 32 bit perls). This field has
754 unspecified content on systems that do not deliver the inode
755 information.
756
757 IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST
758 When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an
759 order where likely directories come first, in optimal stat
760 order. This is useful when you need to quickly find directories,
761 or you want to find all directories while avoiding to stat()
762 each entry.
763
764 If the system returns type information in readdir, then this is
765 used to find directories directly. Otherwise, likely directories
766 are names beginning with ".", or otherwise names with no dots,
767 of which names with short names are tried first.
768
769 IO::AIO::READDIR_STAT_ORDER
770 When this flag is set, then the names will be returned in an
771 order suitable for stat()'ing each one. That is, when you plan
772 to stat() all files in the given directory, then the returned
773 order will likely be fastest.
774
775 If both this flag and "IO::AIO::READDIR_DIRS_FIRST" are
776 specified, then the likely dirs come first, resulting in a less
777 optimal stat order.
778
779 IO::AIO::READDIR_FOUND_UNKNOWN
780 This flag should not be set when calling "aio_readdirx".
781 Instead, it is being set by "aio_readdirx", when any of the
782 $type's found were "IO::AIO::DT_UNKNOWN". The absence of this
783 flag therefore indicates that all $type's are known, which can
784 be used to speed up some algorithms.
785
390 aio_load $path, $data, $callback->($status) 786 aio_load $pathname, $data, $callback->($status)
391 This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file 787 This is a composite request that tries to fully load the given file
392 into memory. Status is the same as with aio_read. 788 into memory. Status is the same as with aio_read.
393 789
394 aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 790 aio_copy $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
395 Try to copy the *file* (directories not supported as either source 791 Try to copy the *file* (directories not supported as either source
396 or destination) from $srcpath to $dstpath and call the callback with 792 or destination) from $srcpath to $dstpath and call the callback with
397 the 0 (error) or -1 ok. 793 a status of 0 (ok) or -1 (error, see $!).
398 794
399 This is a composite request that it creates the destination file 795 This is a composite request that creates the destination file with
400 with mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it 796 mode 0200 and copies the contents of the source file into it using
401 using "aio_sendfile", followed by restoring atime, mtime, access 797 "aio_sendfile", followed by restoring atime, mtime, access mode and
402 mode and uid/gid, in that order. 798 uid/gid, in that order.
403 799
404 If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked, 800 If an error occurs, the partial destination file will be unlinked,
405 if possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and 801 if possible, except when setting atime, mtime, access mode and
406 uid/gid, where errors are being ignored. 802 uid/gid, where errors are being ignored.
407 803
408 aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status) 804 aio_move $srcpath, $dstpath, $callback->($status)
409 Try to move the *file* (directories not supported as either source 805 Try to move the *file* (directories not supported as either source
410 or destination) from $srcpath to $dstpath and call the callback with 806 or destination) from $srcpath to $dstpath and call the callback with
411 the 0 (error) or -1 ok. 807 a status of 0 (ok) or -1 (error, see $!).
412 808
413 This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first. 809 This is a composite request that tries to rename(2) the file first;
414 If rename files with "EXDEV", it copies the file with "aio_copy" 810 if rename fails with "EXDEV", it copies the file with "aio_copy"
415 and, if that is successful, unlinking the $srcpath. 811 and, if that is successful, unlinks the $srcpath.
416 812
417 aio_scandir $path, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs) 813 aio_scandir $pathname, $maxreq, $callback->($dirs, $nondirs)
418 Scans a directory (similar to "aio_readdir") but additionally tries 814 Scans a directory (similar to "aio_readdir") but additionally tries
419 to efficiently separate the entries of directory $path into two sets 815 to efficiently separate the entries of directory $path into two sets
420 of names, directories you can recurse into (directories), and ones 816 of names, directories you can recurse into (directories), and ones
421 you cannot recurse into (everything else, including symlinks to 817 you cannot recurse into (everything else, including symlinks to
422 directories). 818 directories).
… …
440 Implementation notes. 836 Implementation notes.
441 837
442 The "aio_readdir" cannot be avoided, but "stat()"'ing every entry 838 The "aio_readdir" cannot be avoided, but "stat()"'ing every entry
443 can. 839 can.
444 840
841 If readdir returns file type information, then this is used directly
842 to find directories.
843
445 After reading the directory, the modification time, size etc. of the 844 Otherwise, after reading the directory, the modification time, size
446 directory before and after the readdir is checked, and if they match 845 etc. of the directory before and after the readdir is checked, and
447 (and isn't the current time), the link count will be used to decide 846 if they match (and isn't the current time), the link count will be
448 how many entries are directories (if >= 2). Otherwise, no knowledge 847 used to decide how many entries are directories (if >= 2).
449 of the number of subdirectories will be assumed. 848 Otherwise, no knowledge of the number of subdirectories will be
849 assumed.
450 850
451 Then entries will be sorted into likely directories (everything 851 Then entries will be sorted into likely directories a non-initial
452 without a non-initial dot currently) and likely non-directories 852 dot currently) and likely non-directories (see "aio_readdirx"). Then
453 (everything else). Then every entry plus an appended "/." will be 853 every entry plus an appended "/." will be "stat"'ed, likely
454 "stat"'ed, likely directories first. If that succeeds, it assumes 854 directories first, in order of their inode numbers. If that
455 that the entry is a directory or a symlink to directory (which will 855 succeeds, it assumes that the entry is a directory or a symlink to
456 be checked seperately). This is often faster than stat'ing the entry 856 directory (which will be checked separately). This is often faster
457 itself because filesystems might detect the type of the entry 857 than stat'ing the entry itself because filesystems might detect the
458 without reading the inode data (e.g. ext2fs filetype feature). 858 type of the entry without reading the inode data (e.g. ext2fs
859 filetype feature), even on systems that cannot return the filetype
860 information on readdir.
459 861
460 If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been 862 If the known number of directories (link count - 2) has been
461 reached, the rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories. 863 reached, the rest of the entries is assumed to be non-directories.
462 864
463 This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which 865 This only works with certainty on POSIX (= UNIX) filesystems, which
… …
465 867
466 It will also likely work on non-POSIX filesystems with reduced 868 It will also likely work on non-POSIX filesystems with reduced
467 efficiency as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which 869 efficiency as those tend to return 0 or 1 as link counts, which
468 disables the directory counting heuristic. 870 disables the directory counting heuristic.
469 871
872 aio_rmtree $pathname, $callback->($status)
873 Delete a directory tree starting (and including) $path, return the
874 status of the final "rmdir" only. This is a composite request that
875 uses "aio_scandir" to recurse into and rmdir directories, and unlink
876 everything else.
877
878 aio_sync $callback->($status)
879 Asynchronously call sync and call the callback when finished.
880
470 aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status) 881 aio_fsync $fh, $callback->($status)
471 Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the 882 Asynchronously call fsync on the given filehandle and call the
472 callback with the fsync result code. 883 callback with the fsync result code.
473 884
474 aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status) 885 aio_fdatasync $fh, $callback->($status)
475 Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the 886 Asynchronously call fdatasync on the given filehandle and call the
476 callback with the fdatasync result code. 887 callback with the fdatasync result code.
477 888
478 If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't 889 If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't
479 be detected, it will be emulated by calling "fsync" instead. 890 be detected, it will be emulated by calling "fsync" instead.
891
892 aio_syncfs $fh, $callback->($status)
893 Asynchronously call the syncfs syscall to sync the filesystem
894 associated to the given filehandle and call the callback with the
895 syncfs result code. If syncfs is not available, calls sync(), but
896 returns -1 and sets errno to "ENOSYS" nevertheless.
897
898 aio_sync_file_range $fh, $offset, $nbytes, $flags, $callback->($status)
899 Sync the data portion of the file specified by $offset and $length
900 to disk (but NOT the metadata), by calling the Linux-specific
901 sync_file_range call. If sync_file_range is not available or it
902 returns ENOSYS, then fdatasync or fsync is being substituted.
903
904 $flags can be a combination of
905 "IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_BEFORE",
906 "IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE" and
907 "IO::AIO::SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WAIT_AFTER": refer to the sync_file_range
908 manpage for details.
909
910 aio_pathsync $pathname, $callback->($status)
911 This request tries to open, fsync and close the given path. This is
912 a composite request intended to sync directories after directory
913 operations (E.g. rename). This might not work on all operating
914 systems or have any specific effect, but usually it makes sure that
915 directory changes get written to disc. It works for anything that
916 can be opened for read-only, not just directories.
917
918 Future versions of this function might fall back to other methods
919 when "fsync" on the directory fails (such as calling "sync").
920
921 Passes 0 when everything went ok, and -1 on error.
922
923 aio_msync $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0,
924 $callback->($status)
925 This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which only works on
926 mmap(2)ed scalars (see the "IO::AIO::mmap" function, although it
927 also works on data scalars managed by the Sys::Mmap or Mmap modules,
928 note that the scalar must only be modified in-place while an aio
929 operation is pending on it).
930
931 It calls the "msync" function of your OS, if available, with the
932 memory area starting at $offset in the string and ending $length
933 bytes later. If $length is negative, counts from the end, and if
934 $length is "undef", then it goes till the end of the string. The
935 flags can be a combination of "IO::AIO::MS_ASYNC",
936 "IO::AIO::MS_INVALIDATE" and "IO::AIO::MS_SYNC".
937
938 aio_mtouch $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, flags = 0,
939 $callback->($status)
940 This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on
941 mmap(2)ed scalars.
942
943 It touches (reads or writes) all memory pages in the specified range
944 inside the scalar. All caveats and parameters are the same as for
945 "aio_msync", above, except for flags, which must be either 0 (which
946 reads all pages and ensures they are instantiated) or
947 "IO::AIO::MT_MODIFY", which modifies the memory page s(by reading
948 and writing an octet from it, which dirties the page).
949
950 aio_mlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef, $callback->($status)
951 This is a rather advanced IO::AIO call, which works best on
952 mmap(2)ed scalars.
953
954 It reads in all the pages of the underlying storage into memory (if
955 any) and locks them, so they are not getting swapped/paged out or
956 removed.
957
958 If $length is undefined, then the scalar will be locked till the
959 end.
960
961 On systems that do not implement "mlock", this function returns -1
962 and sets errno to "ENOSYS".
963
964 Note that the corresponding "munlock" is synchronous and is
965 documented under "MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS".
966
967 Example: open a file, mmap and mlock it - both will be undone when
968 $data gets destroyed.
969
970 open my $fh, "<", $path or die "$path: $!";
971 my $data;
972 IO::AIO::mmap $data, -s $fh, IO::AIO::PROT_READ, IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED, $fh;
973 aio_mlock $data; # mlock in background
974
975 aio_mlockall $flags, $callback->($status)
976 Calls the "mlockall" function with the given $flags (a combination
977 of "IO::AIO::MCL_CURRENT" and "IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE").
978
979 On systems that do not implement "mlockall", this function returns
980 -1 and sets errno to "ENOSYS".
981
982 Note that the corresponding "munlockall" is synchronous and is
983 documented under "MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS".
984
985 Example: asynchronously lock all current and future pages into
986 memory.
987
988 aio_mlockall IO::AIO::MCL_FUTURE;
989
990 aio_fiemap $fh, $start, $length, $flags, $count, $cb->(\@extents)
991 Queries the extents of the given file (by calling the Linux "FIEMAP"
992 ioctl, see <http://cvs.schmorp.de/IO-AIO/doc/fiemap.txt> for
993 details). If the ioctl is not available on your OS, then this
994 request will fail with "ENOSYS".
995
996 $start is the starting offset to query extents for, $length is the
997 size of the range to query - if it is "undef", then the whole file
998 will be queried.
999
1000 $flags is a combination of flags ("IO::AIO::FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC" or
1001 "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_FLAG_XATTR" - "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_FLAGS_COMPAT" is
1002 also exported), and is normally 0 or "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC" to
1003 query the data portion.
1004
1005 $count is the maximum number of extent records to return. If it is
1006 "undef", then IO::AIO queries all extents of the range. As a very
1007 special case, if it is 0, then the callback receives the number of
1008 extents instead of the extents themselves (which is unreliable, see
1009 below).
1010
1011 If an error occurs, the callback receives no arguments. The special
1012 "errno" value "IO::AIO::EBADR" is available to test for flag errors.
1013
1014 Otherwise, the callback receives an array reference with extent
1015 structures. Each extent structure is an array reference itself, with
1016 the following members:
1017
1018 [$logical, $physical, $length, $flags]
1019
1020 Flags is any combination of the following flag values (typically
1021 either 0 or "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST" (1)):
1022
1023 "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST", "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN",
1024 "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_DELALLOC", "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_ENCODED",
1025 "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_ENCRYPTED",
1026 "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED",
1027 "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_INLINE",
1028 "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_TAIL",
1029 "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNWRITTEN", "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED"
1030 or "IO::AIO::FIEMAP_EXTENT_SHARED".
1031
1032 At the time of this writing (Linux 3.2), this requets is unreliable
1033 unless $count is "undef", as the kernel has all sorts of bugs
1034 preventing it to return all extents of a range for files with large
1035 number of extents. The code works around all these issues if $count
1036 is undef.
480 1037
481 aio_group $callback->(...) 1038 aio_group $callback->(...)
482 This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it 1039 This is a very special aio request: Instead of doing something, it
483 is a container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want 1040 is a container for other aio requests, which is useful if you want
484 to bundle many requests into a single, composite, request with a 1041 to bundle many requests into a single, composite, request with a
… …
519 requests like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead 1076 requests like sleep and file handle readable/writable, the overhead
520 this creates is immense (it blocks a thread for a long time) so do 1077 this creates is immense (it blocks a thread for a long time) so do
521 not use this function except to put your application under 1078 not use this function except to put your application under
522 artificial I/O pressure. 1079 artificial I/O pressure.
523 1080
1081 IO::AIO::WD - multiple working directories
1082 Your process only has one current working directory, which is used by
1083 all threads. This makes it hard to use relative paths (some other
1084 component could call "chdir" at any time, and it is hard to control when
1085 the path will be used by IO::AIO).
1086
1087 One solution for this is to always use absolute paths. This usually
1088 works, but can be quite slow (the kernel has to walk the whole path on
1089 every access), and can also be a hassle to implement.
1090
1091 Newer POSIX systems have a number of functions (openat, fdopendir,
1092 futimensat and so on) that make it possible to specify working
1093 directories per operation.
1094
1095 For portability, and because the clowns who "designed", or shall I
1096 write, perpetrated this new interface were obviously half-drunk, this
1097 abstraction cannot be perfect, though.
1098
1099 IO::AIO allows you to convert directory paths into a so-called
1100 IO::AIO::WD object. This object stores the canonicalised, absolute
1101 version of the path, and on systems that allow it, also a directory file
1102 descriptor.
1103
1104 Everywhere where a pathname is accepted by IO::AIO (e.g. in "aio_stat"
1105 or "aio_unlink"), one can specify an array reference with an IO::AIO::WD
1106 object and a pathname instead (or the IO::AIO::WD object alone, which
1107 gets interpreted as "[$wd, "."]"). If the pathname is absolute, the
1108 IO::AIO::WD object is ignored, otherwise the pathname is resolved
1109 relative to that IO::AIO::WD object.
1110
1111 For example, to get a wd object for /etc and then stat passwd inside,
1112 you would write:
1113
1114 aio_wd "/etc", sub {
1115 my $etcdir = shift;
1116
1117 # although $etcdir can be undef on error, there is generally no reason
1118 # to check for errors here, as aio_stat will fail with ENOENT
1119 # when $etcdir is undef.
1120
1121 aio_stat [$etcdir, "passwd"], sub {
1122 # yay
1123 };
1124 };
1125
1126 That "aio_wd" is a request and not a normal function shows that creating
1127 an IO::AIO::WD object is itself a potentially blocking operation, which
1128 is why it is done asynchronously.
1129
1130 To stat the directory obtained with "aio_wd" above, one could write
1131 either of the following three request calls:
1132
1133 aio_lstat "/etc" , sub { ... # pathname as normal string
1134 aio_lstat [$wd, "."], sub { ... # "." relative to $wd (i.e. $wd itself)
1135 aio_lstat $wd , sub { ... # shorthand for the previous
1136
1137 As with normal pathnames, IO::AIO keeps a copy of the working directory
1138 object and the pathname string, so you could write the following without
1139 causing any issues due to $path getting reused:
1140
1141 my $path = [$wd, undef];
1142
1143 for my $name (qw(abc def ghi)) {
1144 $path->[1] = $name;
1145 aio_stat $path, sub {
1146 # ...
1147 };
1148 }
1149
1150 There are some caveats: when directories get renamed (or deleted), the
1151 pathname string doesn't change, so will point to the new directory (or
1152 nowhere at all), while the directory fd, if available on the system,
1153 will still point to the original directory. Most functions accepting a
1154 pathname will use the directory fd on newer systems, and the string on
1155 older systems. Some functions (such as realpath) will always rely on the
1156 string form of the pathname.
1157
1158 So this fucntionality is mainly useful to get some protection against
1159 "chdir", to easily get an absolute path out of a relative path for
1160 future reference, and to speed up doing many operations in the same
1161 directory (e.g. when stat'ing all files in a directory).
1162
1163 The following functions implement this working directory abstraction:
1164
1165 aio_wd $pathname, $callback->($wd)
1166 Asynchonously canonicalise the given pathname and convert it to an
1167 IO::AIO::WD object representing it. If possible and supported on the
1168 system, also open a directory fd to speed up pathname resolution
1169 relative to this working directory.
1170
1171 If something goes wrong, then "undef" is passwd to the callback
1172 instead of a working directory object and $! is set appropriately.
1173 Since passing "undef" as working directory component of a pathname
1174 fails the request with "ENOENT", there is often no need for error
1175 checking in the "aio_wd" callback, as future requests using the
1176 value will fail in the expected way.
1177
1178 If this call isn't available because your OS lacks it or it couldn't
1179 be detected, it will be emulated by calling "fsync" instead.
1180
1181 IO::AIO::CWD
1182 This is a compiletime constant (object) that represents the process
1183 current working directory.
1184
1185 Specifying this object as working directory object for a pathname is
1186 as if the pathname would be specified directly, without a directory
1187 object, e.g., these calls are functionally identical:
1188
1189 aio_stat "somefile", sub { ... };
1190 aio_stat [IO::AIO::CWD, "somefile"], sub { ... };
1191
524 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS 1192 IO::AIO::REQ CLASS
525 All non-aggregate "aio_*" functions return an object of this class when 1193 All non-aggregate "aio_*" functions return an object of this class when
526 called in non-void context. 1194 called in non-void context.
527 1195
528 cancel $req 1196 cancel $req
529 Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping 1197 Cancels the request, if possible. Has the effect of skipping
530 execution when entering the execute state and skipping calling the 1198 execution when entering the execute state and skipping calling the
531 callback when entering the the result state, but will leave the 1199 callback when entering the the result state, but will leave the
532 request otherwise untouched. That means that requests that currently 1200 request otherwise untouched (with the exception of readdir). That
533 execute will not be stopped and resources held by the request will 1201 means that requests that currently execute will not be stopped and
534 not be freed prematurely. 1202 resources held by the request will not be freed prematurely.
535 1203
536 cb $req $callback->(...) 1204 cb $req $callback->(...)
537 Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request. 1205 Replace (or simply set) the callback registered to the request.
538 1206
539 IO::AIO::GRP CLASS 1207 IO::AIO::GRP CLASS
… …
566 }; 1234 };
567 1235
568 This makes it very easy to create composite requests (see the source of 1236 This makes it very easy to create composite requests (see the source of
569 "aio_move" for an application) that work and feel like simple requests. 1237 "aio_move" for an application) that work and feel like simple requests.
570 1238
571 * The IO::AIO::GRP objects will be cleaned up during calls to 1239 * The IO::AIO::GRP objects will be cleaned up during calls to
572 "IO::AIO::poll_cb", just like any other request. 1240 "IO::AIO::poll_cb", just like any other request.
1241
573 * They can be canceled like any other request. Canceling will cancel not 1242 * They can be canceled like any other request. Canceling will cancel
574 only the request itself, but also all requests it contains. 1243 not only the request itself, but also all requests it contains.
1244
575 * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects. 1245 * They can also can also be added to other IO::AIO::GRP objects.
1246
576 * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback 1247 * You must not add requests to a group from within the group callback
577 (or any later time). 1248 (or any later time).
578 1249
579 Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they 1250 Their lifetime, simplified, looks like this: when they are empty, they
580 will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the 1251 will finish very quickly. If they contain only requests that are in the
581 "done" state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to 1252 "done" state, they will also finish. Otherwise they will continue to
582 exist. 1253 exist.
583 1254
584 That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests. 1255 That means after creating a group you have some time to add requests
585 And in the callbacks of those requests, you can add further requests to 1256 (precisely before the callback has been invoked, which is only done
586 the group. And only when all those requests have finished will the the 1257 within the "poll_cb"). And in the callbacks of those requests, you can
587 group itself finish. 1258 add further requests to the group. And only when all those requests have
1259 finished will the the group itself finish.
588 1260
589 add $grp ... 1261 add $grp ...
590 $grp->add (...) 1262 $grp->add (...)
591 Add one or more requests to the group. Any type of IO::AIO::REQ can 1263 Add one or more requests to the group. Any type of IO::AIO::REQ can
592 be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create 1264 be added, including other groups, as long as you do not create
… …
597 $grp->cancel_subs 1269 $grp->cancel_subs
598 Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group 1270 Cancel all subrequests and clears any feeder, but not the group
599 request itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a 1271 request itself. Useful when you queued a lot of events but got a
600 result early. 1272 result early.
601 1273
1274 The group request will finish normally (you cannot add requests to
1275 the group).
1276
602 $grp->result (...) 1277 $grp->result (...)
603 Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback 1278 Set the result value(s) that will be passed to the group callback
604 when all subrequests have finished and set thre groups errno to the 1279 when all subrequests have finished and set the groups errno to the
605 current value of errno (just like calling "errno" without an error 1280 current value of errno (just like calling "errno" without an error
606 number). By default, no argument will be passed and errno is zero. 1281 number). By default, no argument will be passed and errno is zero.
607 1282
608 $grp->errno ([$errno]) 1283 $grp->errno ([$errno])
609 Sets the group errno value to $errno, or the current value of errno 1284 Sets the group errno value to $errno, or the current value of errno
… …
620 Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an 1295 Sets a feeder/generator on this group: every group can have an
621 attached generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind 1296 attached generator that generates requests if idle. The idea behind
622 this is that, although you could just queue as many requests as you 1297 this is that, although you could just queue as many requests as you
623 want in a group, this might starve other requests for a potentially 1298 want in a group, this might starve other requests for a potentially
624 long time. For example, "aio_scandir" might generate hundreds of 1299 long time. For example, "aio_scandir" might generate hundreds of
625 thousands "aio_stat" requests, delaying any later requests for a 1300 thousands of "aio_stat" requests, delaying any later requests for a
626 long time. 1301 long time.
627 1302
628 To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can 1303 To avoid this, and allow incremental generation of requests, you can
629 instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those 1304 instead a group and set a feeder on it that generates those
630 requests. The feed callback will be called whenever there are few 1305 requests. The feed callback will be called whenever there are few
… …
635 does not impose any limits). 1310 does not impose any limits).
636 1311
637 If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be 1312 If the feed does not queue more requests when called, it will be
638 automatically removed from the group. 1313 automatically removed from the group.
639 1314
640 If the feed limit is 0, it will be set to 2 automatically. 1315 If the feed limit is 0 when this method is called, it will be set to
1316 2 automatically.
641 1317
642 Example: 1318 Example:
643 1319
644 # stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently: 1320 # stat all files in @files, but only ever use four aio requests concurrently:
645 1321
… …
656 Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called 1332 Sets the feeder limit for the group: The feeder will be called
657 whenever the group contains less than this many requests. 1333 whenever the group contains less than this many requests.
658 1334
659 Setting the limit to 0 will pause the feeding process. 1335 Setting the limit to 0 will pause the feeding process.
660 1336
1337 The default value for the limit is 0, but note that setting a feeder
1338 automatically bumps it up to 2.
1339
661 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS 1340 SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
662 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION 1341 EVENT PROCESSING AND EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
663 $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno 1342 $fileno = IO::AIO::poll_fileno
664 Return the *request result pipe file descriptor*. This filehandle 1343 Return the *request result pipe file descriptor*. This filehandle
665 must be polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module 1344 must be polled for reading by some mechanism outside this module
666 (e.g. Event or select, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the pipe 1345 (e.g. EV, Glib, select and so on, see below or the SYNOPSIS). If the
667 becomes readable you have to call "poll_cb" to check the results. 1346 pipe becomes readable you have to call "poll_cb" to check the
1347 results.
668 1348
669 See "poll_cb" for an example. 1349 See "poll_cb" for an example.
670 1350
671 IO::AIO::poll_cb 1351 IO::AIO::poll_cb
672 Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call 1352 Process some outstanding events on the result pipe. You have to call
673 this regularly. Returns the number of events processed. Returns 1353 this regularly. Returns 0 if all events could be processed (or there
674 immediately when no events are outstanding. The amount of events 1354 were no events to process), or -1 if it returned earlier for
675 processed depends on the settings of "IO::AIO::max_poll_req" and 1355 whatever reason. Returns immediately when no events are outstanding.
676 "IO::AIO::max_poll_time". 1356 The amount of events processed depends on the settings of
1357 "IO::AIO::max_poll_req" and "IO::AIO::max_poll_time".
677 1358
678 If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the 1359 If not all requests were processed for whatever reason, the
679 filehandle will still be ready when "poll_cb" returns. 1360 filehandle will still be ready when "poll_cb" returns, so normally
1361 you don't have to do anything special to have it called later.
1362
1363 Apart from calling "IO::AIO::poll_cb" when the event filehandle
1364 becomes ready, it can be beneficial to call this function from loops
1365 which submit a lot of requests, to make sure the results get
1366 processed when they become available and not just when the loop is
1367 finished and the event loop takes over again. This function returns
1368 very fast when there are no outstanding requests.
680 1369
681 Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls 1370 Example: Install an Event watcher that automatically calls
682 IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority: 1371 IO::AIO::poll_cb with high priority (more examples can be found in
1372 the SYNOPSIS section, at the top of this document):
683 1373
684 Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, 1374 Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
685 poll => 'r', async => 1, 1375 poll => 'r', async => 1,
686 cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb); 1376 cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
1377
1378 IO::AIO::poll_wait
1379 If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result
1380 phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading
1381 (simply does a "select" on the filehandle. This is useful if you
1382 want to synchronously wait for some requests to finish).
1383
1384 See "nreqs" for an example.
1385
1386 IO::AIO::poll
1387 Waits until some requests have been handled.
1388
1389 Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly
1390 equivalent to:
1391
1392 IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
1393
1394 IO::AIO::flush
1395 Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
1396
1397 Strictly equivalent to:
1398
1399 IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
1400 while IO::AIO::nreqs;
687 1401
688 IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs 1402 IO::AIO::max_poll_reqs $nreqs
689 IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds 1403 IO::AIO::max_poll_time $seconds
690 These set the maximum number of requests (default 0, meaning 1404 These set the maximum number of requests (default 0, meaning
691 infinity) that are being processed by "IO::AIO::poll_cb" in one 1405 infinity) that are being processed by "IO::AIO::poll_cb" in one
… …
715 # use a low priority so other tasks have priority 1429 # use a low priority so other tasks have priority
716 Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno, 1430 Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
717 poll => 'r', nice => 1, 1431 poll => 'r', nice => 1,
718 cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb); 1432 cb => &IO::AIO::poll_cb);
719 1433
720 IO::AIO::poll_wait
721 If there are any outstanding requests and none of them in the result
722 phase, wait till the result filehandle becomes ready for reading
723 (simply does a "select" on the filehandle. This is useful if you
724 want to synchronously wait for some requests to finish).
725
726 See "nreqs" for an example.
727
728 IO::AIO::poll
729 Waits until some requests have been handled.
730
731 Returns the number of requests processed, but is otherwise strictly
732 equivalent to:
733
734 IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
735
736 IO::AIO::flush
737 Wait till all outstanding AIO requests have been handled.
738
739 Strictly equivalent to:
740
741 IO::AIO::poll_wait, IO::AIO::poll_cb
742 while IO::AIO::nreqs;
743
744 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS 1434 CONTROLLING THE NUMBER OF THREADS
745 IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads 1435 IO::AIO::min_parallel $nthreads
746 Set the minimum number of AIO threads to $nthreads. The current 1436 Set the minimum number of AIO threads to $nthreads. The current
747 default is 8, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute 1437 default is 8, which means eight asynchronous operations can execute
748 concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests, 1438 concurrently at any one time (the number of outstanding requests,
… …
777 1467
778 Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function. 1468 Under normal circumstances you don't need to call this function.
779 1469
780 IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads 1470 IO::AIO::max_idle $nthreads
781 Limit the number of threads (default: 4) that are allowed to idle 1471 Limit the number of threads (default: 4) that are allowed to idle
782 (i.e., threads that did not get a request to process within 10 1472 (i.e., threads that did not get a request to process within the idle
783 seconds). That means if a thread becomes idle while $nthreads other 1473 timeout (default: 10 seconds). That means if a thread becomes idle
784 threads are also idle, it will free its resources and exit. 1474 while $nthreads other threads are also idle, it will free its
1475 resources and exit.
785 1476
786 This is useful when you allow a large number of threads (e.g. 100 or 1477 This is useful when you allow a large number of threads (e.g. 100 or
787 1000) to allow for extremely high load situations, but want to free 1478 1000) to allow for extremely high load situations, but want to free
788 resources under normal circumstances (1000 threads can easily 1479 resources under normal circumstances (1000 threads can easily
789 consume 30MB of RAM). 1480 consume 30MB of RAM).
790 1481
791 The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread 1482 The default is probably ok in most situations, especially if thread
792 creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you 1483 creation is fast. If thread creation is very slow on your system you
793 might want to use larger values. 1484 might want to use larger values.
794 1485
1486 IO::AIO::idle_timeout $seconds
1487 Sets the minimum idle timeout (default 10) after which worker
1488 threads are allowed to exit. SEe "IO::AIO::max_idle".
1489
795 $oldmaxreqs = IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs 1490 IO::AIO::max_outstanding $maxreqs
1491 Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to $nreqs. If you do
1492 queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to
1493 "IO::AIO::poll_cb" (and other functions calling "poll_cb", such as
1494 "IO::AIO::flush" or "IO::AIO::poll") will block until the limit is
1495 no longer exceeded.
1496
1497 In other words, this setting does not enforce a queue limit, but can
1498 be used to make poll functions block if the limit is exceeded.
1499
796 This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because 1500 This is a very bad function to use in interactive programs because
797 it blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is 1501 it blocks, and a bad way to reduce concurrency because it is
798 inexact: Better use an "aio_group" together with a feed callback. 1502 inexact: Better use an "aio_group" together with a feed callback.
799 1503
800 Sets the maximum number of outstanding requests to $nreqs. If you to 1504 It's main use is in scripts without an event loop - when you want to
801 queue up more than this number of requests, the next call to the 1505 stat a lot of files, you can write somehting like this:
802 "poll_cb" (and "poll_some" and other functions calling "poll_cb")
803 function will block until the limit is no longer exceeded.
804 1506
805 The default value is very large, so there is no practical limit on 1507 IO::AIO::max_outstanding 32;
1508
1509 for my $path (...) {
1510 aio_stat $path , ...;
1511 IO::AIO::poll_cb;
1512 }
1513
1514 IO::AIO::flush;
1515
1516 The call to "poll_cb" inside the loop will normally return
1517 instantly, but as soon as more thna 32 reqeusts are in-flight, it
1518 will block until some requests have been handled. This keeps the
1519 loop from pushing a large number of "aio_stat" requests onto the
1520 queue.
1521
1522 The default value for "max_outstanding" is very large, so there is
806 the number of outstanding requests. 1523 no practical limit on the number of outstanding requests.
807
808 You can still queue as many requests as you want. Therefore,
809 "max_oustsanding" is mainly useful in simple scripts (with low
810 values) or as a stop gap to shield against fatal memory overflow
811 (with large values).
812 1524
813 STATISTICAL INFORMATION 1525 STATISTICAL INFORMATION
814 IO::AIO::nreqs 1526 IO::AIO::nreqs
815 Returns the number of requests currently in the ready, execute or 1527 Returns the number of requests currently in the ready, execute or
816 pending states (i.e. for which their callback has not been invoked 1528 pending states (i.e. for which their callback has not been invoked
… …
827 1539
828 IO::AIO::npending 1540 IO::AIO::npending
829 Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state 1541 Returns the number of requests currently in the pending state
830 (executed, but not yet processed by poll_cb). 1542 (executed, but not yet processed by poll_cb).
831 1543
1544 MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS
1545 IO::AIO implements some functions that might be useful, but are not
1546 asynchronous.
1547
1548 IO::AIO::sendfile $ofh, $ifh, $offset, $count
1549 Calls the "eio_sendfile_sync" function, which is like
1550 "aio_sendfile", but is blocking (this makes most sense if you know
1551 the input data is likely cached already and the output filehandle is
1552 set to non-blocking operations).
1553
1554 Returns the number of bytes copied, or -1 on error.
1555
1556 IO::AIO::fadvise $fh, $offset, $len, $advice
1557 Simply calls the "posix_fadvise" function (see its manpage for
1558 details). The following advice constants are available:
1559 "IO::AIO::FADV_NORMAL", "IO::AIO::FADV_SEQUENTIAL",
1560 "IO::AIO::FADV_RANDOM", "IO::AIO::FADV_NOREUSE",
1561 "IO::AIO::FADV_WILLNEED", "IO::AIO::FADV_DONTNEED".
1562
1563 On systems that do not implement "posix_fadvise", this function
1564 returns ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of "posix_fadvise".
1565
1566 IO::AIO::madvise $scalar, $offset, $len, $advice
1567 Simply calls the "posix_madvise" function (see its manpage for
1568 details). The following advice constants are available:
1569 "IO::AIO::MADV_NORMAL", "IO::AIO::MADV_SEQUENTIAL",
1570 "IO::AIO::MADV_RANDOM", "IO::AIO::MADV_WILLNEED",
1571 "IO::AIO::MADV_DONTNEED".
1572
1573 On systems that do not implement "posix_madvise", this function
1574 returns ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of "posix_madvise".
1575
1576 IO::AIO::mprotect $scalar, $offset, $len, $protect
1577 Simply calls the "mprotect" function on the preferably AIO::mmap'ed
1578 $scalar (see its manpage for details). The following protect
1579 constants are available: "IO::AIO::PROT_NONE", "IO::AIO::PROT_READ",
1580 "IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE", "IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC".
1581
1582 On systems that do not implement "mprotect", this function returns
1583 ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of "mprotect".
1584
1585 IO::AIO::mmap $scalar, $length, $prot, $flags, $fh[, $offset]
1586 Memory-maps a file (or anonymous memory range) and attaches it to
1587 the given $scalar, which will act like a string scalar. Returns true
1588 on success, and false otherwise.
1589
1590 The only operations allowed on the scalar are "substr"/"vec" that
1591 don't change the string length, and most read-only operations such
1592 as copying it or searching it with regexes and so on.
1593
1594 Anything else is unsafe and will, at best, result in memory leaks.
1595
1596 The memory map associated with the $scalar is automatically removed
1597 when the $scalar is destroyed, or when the "IO::AIO::mmap" or
1598 "IO::AIO::munmap" functions are called.
1599
1600 This calls the "mmap"(2) function internally. See your system's
1601 manual page for details on the $length, $prot and $flags parameters.
1602
1603 The $length must be larger than zero and smaller than the actual
1604 filesize.
1605
1606 $prot is a combination of "IO::AIO::PROT_NONE",
1607 "IO::AIO::PROT_EXEC", "IO::AIO::PROT_READ" and/or
1608 "IO::AIO::PROT_WRITE",
1609
1610 $flags can be a combination of "IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED" or
1611 "IO::AIO::MAP_PRIVATE", or a number of system-specific flags (when
1612 not available, the are defined as 0): "IO::AIO::MAP_ANONYMOUS"
1613 (which is set to "MAP_ANON" if your system only provides this
1614 constant), "IO::AIO::MAP_HUGETLB", "IO::AIO::MAP_LOCKED",
1615 "IO::AIO::MAP_NORESERVE", "IO::AIO::MAP_POPULATE" or
1616 "IO::AIO::MAP_NONBLOCK"
1617
1618 If $fh is "undef", then a file descriptor of -1 is passed.
1619
1620 $offset is the offset from the start of the file - it generally must
1621 be a multiple of "IO::AIO::PAGESIZE" and defaults to 0.
1622
1623 Example:
1624
1625 use Digest::MD5;
1626 use IO::AIO;
1627
1628 open my $fh, "<verybigfile"
1629 or die "$!";
1630
1631 IO::AIO::mmap my $data, -s $fh, IO::AIO::PROT_READ, IO::AIO::MAP_SHARED, $fh
1632 or die "verybigfile: $!";
1633
1634 my $fast_md5 = md5 $data;
1635
1636 IO::AIO::munmap $scalar
1637 Removes a previous mmap and undefines the $scalar.
1638
1639 IO::AIO::munlock $scalar, $offset = 0, $length = undef
1640 Calls the "munlock" function, undoing the effects of a previous
1641 "aio_mlock" call (see its description for details).
1642
1643 IO::AIO::munlockall
1644 Calls the "munlockall" function.
1645
1646 On systems that do not implement "munlockall", this function returns
1647 ENOSYS, otherwise the return value of "munlockall".
1648
1649 IO::AIO::splice $r_fh, $r_off, $w_fh, $w_off, $length, $flags
1650 Calls the GNU/Linux splice(2) syscall, if available. If $r_off or
1651 $w_off are "undef", then "NULL" is passed for these, otherwise they
1652 should be the file offset.
1653
1654 $r_fh and $w_fh should not refer to the same file, as splice might
1655 silently corrupt the data in this case.
1656
1657 The following symbol flag values are available:
1658 "IO::AIO::SPLICE_F_MOVE", "IO::AIO::SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK",
1659 "IO::AIO::SPLICE_F_MORE" and "IO::AIO::SPLICE_F_GIFT".
1660
1661 See the splice(2) manpage for details.
1662
1663 IO::AIO::tee $r_fh, $w_fh, $length, $flags
1664 Calls the GNU/Linux tee(2) syscall, see it's manpage and the
1665 description for "IO::AIO::splice" above for details.
1666
1667EVENT LOOP INTEGRATION
1668 It is recommended to use AnyEvent::AIO to integrate IO::AIO
1669 automatically into many event loops:
1670
1671 # AnyEvent integration (EV, Event, Glib, Tk, POE, urxvt, pureperl...)
1672 use AnyEvent::AIO;
1673
1674 You can also integrate IO::AIO manually into many event loops, here are
1675 some examples of how to do this:
1676
1677 # EV integration
1678 my $aio_w = EV::io IO::AIO::poll_fileno, EV::READ, \&IO::AIO::poll_cb;
1679
1680 # Event integration
1681 Event->io (fd => IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
1682 poll => 'r',
1683 cb => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
1684
1685 # Glib/Gtk2 integration
1686 add_watch Glib::IO IO::AIO::poll_fileno,
1687 in => sub { IO::AIO::poll_cb; 1 };
1688
1689 # Tk integration
1690 Tk::Event::IO->fileevent (IO::AIO::poll_fileno, "",
1691 readable => \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
1692
1693 # Danga::Socket integration
1694 Danga::Socket->AddOtherFds (IO::AIO::poll_fileno =>
1695 \&IO::AIO::poll_cb);
1696
832 FORK BEHAVIOUR 1697 FORK BEHAVIOUR
833 This module should do "the right thing" when the process using it forks: 1698 Usage of pthreads in a program changes the semantics of fork
1699 considerably. Specifically, only async-safe functions can be called
1700 after fork. Perl doesn't know about this, so in general, you cannot call
1701 fork with defined behaviour in perl if pthreads are involved. IO::AIO
1702 uses pthreads, so this applies, but many other extensions and (for
1703 inexplicable reasons) perl itself often is linked against pthreads, so
1704 this limitation applies to quite a lot of perls.
834 1705
835 Before the fork, IO::AIO enters a quiescent state where no requests can 1706 This module no longer tries to fight your OS, or POSIX. That means
836 be added in other threads and no results will be processed. After the 1707 IO::AIO only works in the process that loaded it. Forking is fully
837 fork the parent simply leaves the quiescent state and continues 1708 supported, but using IO::AIO in the child is not.
838 request/result processing, while the child frees the request/result
839 queue (so that the requests started before the fork will only be handled
840 in the parent). Threads will be started on demand until the limit set in
841 the parent process has been reached again.
842 1709
843 In short: the parent will, after a short pause, continue as if fork had 1710 You might get around by not *using* IO::AIO before (or after) forking.
844 not been called, while the child will act as if IO::AIO has not been 1711 You could also try to call the IO::AIO::reinit function in the child:
845 used yet. 1712
1713 IO::AIO::reinit
1714 Abandons all current requests and I/O threads and simply
1715 reinitialises all data structures. This is not an operation
1716 supported by any standards, but happens to work on GNU/Linux and
1717 some newer BSD systems.
1718
1719 The only reasonable use for this function is to call it after
1720 forking, if "IO::AIO" was used in the parent. Calling it while
1721 IO::AIO is active in the process will result in undefined behaviour.
1722 Calling it at any time will also result in any undefined (by POSIX)
1723 behaviour.
846 1724
847 MEMORY USAGE 1725 MEMORY USAGE
848 Per-request usage: 1726 Per-request usage:
849 1727
850 Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 100-200 1728 Each aio request uses - depending on your architecture - around 100-200
851 bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly 1729 bytes of memory. In addition, stat requests need a stat buffer (possibly
852 a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl 1730 a few hundred bytes), readdir requires a result buffer and so on. Perl
853 scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and 1731 scalars and other data passed into aio requests will also be locked and
854 will consume memory till the request has entered the done state. 1732 will consume memory till the request has entered the done state.
855 1733
856 This is now awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a 1734 This is not awfully much, so queuing lots of requests is not usually a
857 problem. 1735 problem.
858 1736
859 Per-thread usage: 1737 Per-thread usage:
860 1738
861 In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for 1739 In the execution phase, some aio requests require more memory for
… …
864 1742
865KNOWN BUGS 1743KNOWN BUGS
866 Known bugs will be fixed in the next release. 1744 Known bugs will be fixed in the next release.
867 1745
868SEE ALSO 1746SEE ALSO
869 Coro::AIO. 1747 AnyEvent::AIO for easy integration into event loops, Coro::AIO for a
1748 more natural syntax.
870 1749
871AUTHOR 1750AUTHOR
872 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> 1751 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
873 http://home.schmorp.de/ 1752 http://home.schmorp.de/
874 1753

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