… | |
… | |
111 | strings. All boolean flags described below are by default I<disabled>. |
111 | strings. All boolean flags described below are by default I<disabled>. |
112 | |
112 | |
113 | The mutators for flags all return the JSON object again and thus calls can |
113 | The mutators for flags all return the JSON object again and thus calls can |
114 | be chained: |
114 | be chained: |
115 | |
115 | |
116 | my $json = JSON::XS->new->utf8(1)->pretty(1)->encode ({a => [1,2]}) |
116 | my $json = JSON::XS->new->utf8(1)->space_after(1)->encode ({a => [1,2]}) |
117 | => {"a" : [1, 2]} |
117 | => {"a": [1, 2]} |
118 | |
118 | |
119 | =item $json = $json->ascii ($enable) |
119 | =item $json = $json->ascii ($enable) |
120 | |
120 | |
121 | If C<$enable> is true, then the C<encode> method will not generate |
121 | If C<$enable> is true, then the C<encode> method will not generate |
122 | characters outside the code range C<0..127>. Any unicode characters |
122 | characters outside the code range C<0..127>. Any unicode characters |
123 | outside that range will be escaped using either a single \uXXXX (BMP |
123 | outside that range will be escaped using either a single \uXXXX (BMP |
124 | characters) or a double \uHHHH\uLLLLL escape sequence, as per RFC4627. |
124 | characters) or a double \uHHHH\uLLLLL escape sequence, as per RFC4627. |
125 | |
125 | |
126 | If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not escape Unicode |
126 | If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not escape Unicode |
127 | characters unless necessary. |
127 | characters unless necessary. |
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128 | |
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129 | JSON::XS->new->ascii (1)->encode (chr 0x10401) |
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130 | => \ud801\udc01 |
128 | |
131 | |
129 | =item $json = $json->utf8 ($enable) |
132 | =item $json = $json->utf8 ($enable) |
130 | |
133 | |
131 | If C<$enable> is true, then the C<encode> method will encode the JSON |
134 | If C<$enable> is true, then the C<encode> method will encode the JSON |
132 | string into UTF-8, as required by many protocols, while the C<decode> |
135 | string into UTF-8, as required by many protocols, while the C<decode> |
… | |
… | |
137 | If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will return the JSON |
140 | If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will return the JSON |
138 | string as a (non-encoded) unicode string, while C<decode> expects thus a |
141 | string as a (non-encoded) unicode string, while C<decode> expects thus a |
139 | unicode string. Any decoding or encoding (e.g. to UTF-8 or UTF-16) needs |
142 | unicode string. Any decoding or encoding (e.g. to UTF-8 or UTF-16) needs |
140 | to be done yourself, e.g. using the Encode module. |
143 | to be done yourself, e.g. using the Encode module. |
141 | |
144 | |
142 | =item $json = $json->pretty ($enabla) |
145 | =item $json = $json->pretty ($enable) |
143 | |
146 | |
144 | This enables (or disables) all of the C<indent>, C<space_before> and |
147 | This enables (or disables) all of the C<indent>, C<space_before> and |
145 | C<space_after> (and in the future possibly more) settings in one call to |
148 | C<space_after> (and in the future possibly more) flags in one call to |
146 | generate the most readable (or most compact) form possible. |
149 | generate the most readable (or most compact) form possible. |
|
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150 | |
|
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151 | my $json = JSON::XS->new->pretty(1)->encode ({a => [1,2]}) |
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152 | => |
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153 | { |
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154 | "a" : [ |
|
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155 | 1, |
|
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156 | 2 |
|
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157 | ] |
|
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158 | } |
147 | |
159 | |
148 | =item $json = $json->indent ($enable) |
160 | =item $json = $json->indent ($enable) |
149 | |
161 | |
150 | If C<$enable> is true, then the C<encode> method will use a multiline |
162 | If C<$enable> is true, then the C<encode> method will use a multiline |
151 | format as output, putting every array member or object/hash key-value pair |
163 | format as output, putting every array member or object/hash key-value pair |
… | |
… | |
192 | the same JSON string (given the same overall settings). If it is disabled, |
204 | the same JSON string (given the same overall settings). If it is disabled, |
193 | the same hash migh be encoded differently even if contains the same data, |
205 | the same hash migh be encoded differently even if contains the same data, |
194 | as key-value pairs have no inherent ordering in Perl. |
206 | as key-value pairs have no inherent ordering in Perl. |
195 | |
207 | |
196 | This setting has no effect when decoding JSON strings. |
208 | This setting has no effect when decoding JSON strings. |
|
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209 | |
|
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210 | =item $json = $json->allow_nonref ($enable) |
|
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211 | |
|
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212 | If C<$enable> is true, then the C<encode> method can convert a |
|
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213 | non-reference into its corresponding string, number or null JSON value, |
|
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214 | which is an extension to RFC4627. Likewise, C<decode> will accept those JSON |
|
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215 | values instead of croaking. |
|
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216 | |
|
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217 | If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will croak if it isn't |
|
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218 | passed an arrayref or hashref, as JSON strings must either be an object |
|
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219 | or array. Likewise, C<decode> will croak if given something that is not a |
|
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220 | JSON object or array. |
197 | |
221 | |
198 | =item $json_string = $json->encode ($perl_scalar) |
222 | =item $json_string = $json->encode ($perl_scalar) |
199 | |
223 | |
200 | Converts the given Perl data structure (a simple scalar or a reference |
224 | Converts the given Perl data structure (a simple scalar or a reference |
201 | to a hash or array) to its JSON representation. Simple scalars will be |
225 | to a hash or array) to its JSON representation. Simple scalars will be |
… | |
… | |
213 | Perl arrayrefs and JSON objects become Perl hashrefs. C<true> becomes |
237 | Perl arrayrefs and JSON objects become Perl hashrefs. C<true> becomes |
214 | C<1>, C<false> becomes C<0> and C<null> becomes C<undef>. |
238 | C<1>, C<false> becomes C<0> and C<null> becomes C<undef>. |
215 | |
239 | |
216 | =back |
240 | =back |
217 | |
241 | |
|
|
242 | =head1 COMPARISON |
|
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243 | |
|
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244 | As already mentioned, this module was created because none of the existing |
|
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245 | JSON modules could be made to work correctly. First I will describe the |
|
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246 | problems (or pleasures) I encountered with various existing JSON modules, |
|
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247 | followed by some benchmark values. |
|
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248 | |
|
|
249 | =over 4 |
|
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250 | |
|
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251 | =item JSON |
|
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252 | |
|
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253 | Slow (but very portable, as it is written in pure Perl). |
|
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254 | |
|
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255 | Undocumented/buggy Unicode handling (how JSON handles unicode values is |
|
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256 | undocumented. One can get far by feeding it unicode strings and doing |
|
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257 | en-/decoding oneself, but unicode escapes are not working properly). |
|
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258 | |
|
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259 | No roundtripping (strings get clobbered if they look like numbers, e.g. |
|
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260 | the string C<2.0> will encode to C<2.0> instead of C<"2.0">, and that will |
|
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261 | decode into the number 2. |
|
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262 | |
|
|
263 | =item JSON::PC |
|
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264 | |
|
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265 | Very fast. |
|
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266 | |
|
|
267 | Very inflexible (no human-readable format supported, format pretty much |
|
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268 | undocumented. I need at least a format for easy reading by humans and a |
|
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269 | single-line compact format for use in a protocol, and preferably a way to |
|
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270 | generate ASCII-only JSON strings). |
|
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271 | |
|
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272 | Undocumented/buggy Unicode handling. |
|
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273 | |
|
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274 | No roundtripping. |
|
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275 | |
|
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276 | Has problems handling many Perl values. |
|
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277 | |
|
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278 | Does not even generate valid JSON (C<{1,2}> gets converted to C<{1:2}> |
|
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279 | which is not a valid JSON string. |
|
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280 | |
|
|
281 | Unmaintained (maintainer unresponsive for many months, bugs are not |
|
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282 | getting fixed). |
|
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283 | |
|
|
284 | =item JSON::Syck |
|
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285 | |
|
|
286 | Very buggy (often crashes). |
|
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287 | |
|
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288 | Very inflexible. |
|
|
289 | |
|
|
290 | Completely broken (and confusingly documented) Unicode handling (unicode |
|
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291 | escapes are not working properly, you need to set ImplicitUnicode to |
|
|
292 | I<different> values on en- and decoding to get symmetric behaviour). |
|
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293 | |
|
|
294 | No roundtripping (simple cases work, but this depends on wether the scalar |
|
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295 | value was used in a numeric context or not). |
|
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296 | |
|
|
297 | Dumping hashes may skip hash values depending on iterator state. |
|
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298 | |
|
|
299 | Unmaintained (maintainer unresponsive for many months, bugs are not |
|
|
300 | getting fixed). |
|
|
301 | |
|
|
302 | Does not check input for validity (i.e. will accept non-JSON input and |
|
|
303 | return "something" instead of raising an exception. This is a security |
|
|
304 | issue: imagine two banks transfering money between each other using |
|
|
305 | JSON. One bank might parse a given non-JSON request and deduct money, |
|
|
306 | while the other might reject the transaction with a syntax error. While a |
|
|
307 | good protocol will at least recover, that is extra unnecessary work and |
|
|
308 | the transaction will still not succeed). |
|
|
309 | |
|
|
310 | =item JSON::DWIW |
|
|
311 | |
|
|
312 | Very fast. Very natural. Very nice. |
|
|
313 | |
|
|
314 | Undocumented unicode handling (but the best of the pack. Unicode escapes |
|
|
315 | still don't get parsed properly). |
|
|
316 | |
|
|
317 | Very inflexible. |
|
|
318 | |
|
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319 | No roundtripping. |
|
|
320 | |
|
|
321 | Does not check input for validity. |
|
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322 | |
|
|
323 | =back |
|
|
324 | |
|
|
325 | =head2 SPEED |
|
|
326 | |
218 | =cut |
327 | =cut |
219 | |
328 | |
220 | 1; |
329 | 1; |
221 | |
330 | |
222 | =head1 AUTHOR |
331 | =head1 AUTHOR |