… | |
… | |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | use JSON::XS; |
7 | use JSON::XS; |
8 | |
8 | |
9 | # exported functions, croak on error |
9 | # exported functions, they croak on error |
|
|
10 | # and expect/generate UTF-8 |
10 | |
11 | |
11 | $utf8_encoded_json_text = to_json $perl_hash_or_arrayref; |
12 | $utf8_encoded_json_text = to_json $perl_hash_or_arrayref; |
12 | $perl_hash_or_arrayref = from_json $utf8_encoded_json_text; |
13 | $perl_hash_or_arrayref = from_json $utf8_encoded_json_text; |
13 | |
14 | |
|
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15 | # objToJson and jsonToObj aliases to to_json and from_json |
|
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16 | # are exported for compatibility to the JSON module, |
|
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17 | # but should not be used in new code. |
|
|
18 | |
14 | # oo-interface |
19 | # OO-interface |
15 | |
20 | |
16 | $coder = JSON::XS->new->ascii->pretty->allow_nonref; |
21 | $coder = JSON::XS->new->ascii->pretty->allow_nonref; |
17 | $pretty_printed_unencoded = $coder->encode ($perl_scalar); |
22 | $pretty_printed_unencoded = $coder->encode ($perl_scalar); |
18 | $perl_scalar = $coder->decode ($unicode_json_text); |
23 | $perl_scalar = $coder->decode ($unicode_json_text); |
19 | |
24 | |
… | |
… | |
36 | |
41 | |
37 | =head2 FEATURES |
42 | =head2 FEATURES |
38 | |
43 | |
39 | =over 4 |
44 | =over 4 |
40 | |
45 | |
41 | =item * correct handling of unicode issues |
46 | =item * correct unicode handling |
42 | |
47 | |
43 | This module knows how to handle Unicode, and even documents how and when |
48 | This module knows how to handle Unicode, and even documents how and when |
44 | it does so. |
49 | it does so. |
45 | |
50 | |
46 | =item * round-trip integrity |
51 | =item * round-trip integrity |
47 | |
52 | |
48 | When you serialise a perl data structure using only datatypes supported |
53 | When you serialise a perl data structure using only datatypes supported |
49 | by JSON, the deserialised data structure is identical on the Perl level. |
54 | by JSON, the deserialised data structure is identical on the Perl level. |
50 | (e.g. the string "2.0" doesn't suddenly become "2"). |
55 | (e.g. the string "2.0" doesn't suddenly become "2" just because it looks |
|
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56 | like a number). |
51 | |
57 | |
52 | =item * strict checking of JSON correctness |
58 | =item * strict checking of JSON correctness |
53 | |
59 | |
54 | There is no guessing, no generating of illegal JSON texts by default, |
60 | There is no guessing, no generating of illegal JSON texts by default, |
55 | and only JSON is accepted as input by default (the latter is a security |
61 | and only JSON is accepted as input by default (the latter is a security |
… | |
… | |
66 | interface. |
72 | interface. |
67 | |
73 | |
68 | =item * reasonably versatile output formats |
74 | =item * reasonably versatile output formats |
69 | |
75 | |
70 | You can choose between the most compact guarenteed single-line format |
76 | You can choose between the most compact guarenteed single-line format |
71 | possible (nice for simple line-based protocols), a pure-ascii format (for |
77 | possible (nice for simple line-based protocols), a pure-ascii format |
72 | when your transport is not 8-bit clean), or a pretty-printed format (for |
78 | (for when your transport is not 8-bit clean, still supports the whole |
73 | when you want to read that stuff). Or you can combine those features in |
79 | unicode range), or a pretty-printed format (for when you want to read that |
74 | whatever way you like. |
80 | stuff). Or you can combine those features in whatever way you like. |
75 | |
81 | |
76 | =back |
82 | =back |
77 | |
83 | |
78 | =cut |
84 | =cut |
79 | |
85 | |
80 | package JSON::XS; |
86 | package JSON::XS; |
81 | |
87 | |
|
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88 | use strict; |
|
|
89 | |
82 | BEGIN { |
90 | BEGIN { |
83 | $VERSION = '0.7'; |
91 | our $VERSION = '1.22'; |
84 | @ISA = qw(Exporter); |
92 | our @ISA = qw(Exporter); |
85 | |
93 | |
86 | @EXPORT = qw(to_json from_json); |
94 | our @EXPORT = qw(to_json from_json objToJson jsonToObj); |
87 | require Exporter; |
95 | require Exporter; |
88 | |
96 | |
89 | require XSLoader; |
97 | require XSLoader; |
90 | XSLoader::load JSON::XS::, $VERSION; |
98 | XSLoader::load JSON::XS::, $VERSION; |
91 | } |
99 | } |
… | |
… | |
120 | $perl_scalar = JSON::XS->new->utf8->decode ($json_text) |
128 | $perl_scalar = JSON::XS->new->utf8->decode ($json_text) |
121 | |
129 | |
122 | except being faster. |
130 | except being faster. |
123 | |
131 | |
124 | =back |
132 | =back |
|
|
133 | |
125 | |
134 | |
126 | =head1 OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE |
135 | =head1 OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE |
127 | |
136 | |
128 | The object oriented interface lets you configure your own encoding or |
137 | The object oriented interface lets you configure your own encoding or |
129 | decoding style, within the limits of supported formats. |
138 | decoding style, within the limits of supported formats. |
… | |
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145 | |
154 | |
146 | If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will not |
155 | If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will not |
147 | generate characters outside the code range C<0..127> (which is ASCII). Any |
156 | generate characters outside the code range C<0..127> (which is ASCII). Any |
148 | unicode characters outside that range will be escaped using either a |
157 | unicode characters outside that range will be escaped using either a |
149 | single \uXXXX (BMP characters) or a double \uHHHH\uLLLLL escape sequence, |
158 | single \uXXXX (BMP characters) or a double \uHHHH\uLLLLL escape sequence, |
150 | as per RFC4627. |
159 | as per RFC4627. The resulting encoded JSON text can be treated as a native |
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160 | unicode string, an ascii-encoded, latin1-encoded or UTF-8 encoded string, |
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161 | or any other superset of ASCII. |
151 | |
162 | |
152 | If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not escape Unicode |
163 | If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not escape Unicode |
153 | characters unless required by the JSON syntax. This results in a faster |
164 | characters unless required by the JSON syntax or other flags. This results |
154 | and more compact format. |
165 | in a faster and more compact format. |
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166 | |
|
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167 | The main use for this flag is to produce JSON texts that can be |
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168 | transmitted over a 7-bit channel, as the encoded JSON texts will not |
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169 | contain any 8 bit characters. |
155 | |
170 | |
156 | JSON::XS->new->ascii (1)->encode ([chr 0x10401]) |
171 | JSON::XS->new->ascii (1)->encode ([chr 0x10401]) |
157 | => ["\ud801\udc01"] |
172 | => ["\ud801\udc01"] |
|
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173 | |
|
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174 | =item $json = $json->latin1 ([$enable]) |
|
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175 | |
|
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176 | If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will encode |
|
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177 | the resulting JSON text as latin1 (or iso-8859-1), escaping any characters |
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178 | outside the code range C<0..255>. The resulting string can be treated as a |
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179 | latin1-encoded JSON text or a native unicode string. The C<decode> method |
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180 | will not be affected in any way by this flag, as C<decode> by default |
|
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181 | expects unicode, which is a strict superset of latin1. |
|
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182 | |
|
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183 | If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not escape Unicode |
|
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184 | characters unless required by the JSON syntax or other flags. |
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185 | |
|
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186 | The main use for this flag is efficiently encoding binary data as JSON |
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187 | text, as most octets will not be escaped, resulting in a smaller encoded |
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188 | size. The disadvantage is that the resulting JSON text is encoded |
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189 | in latin1 (and must correctly be treated as such when storing and |
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190 | transfering), a rare encoding for JSON. It is therefore most useful when |
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191 | you want to store data structures known to contain binary data efficiently |
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192 | in files or databases, not when talking to other JSON encoders/decoders. |
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193 | |
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194 | JSON::XS->new->latin1->encode (["\x{89}\x{abc}"] |
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195 | => ["\x{89}\\u0abc"] # (perl syntax, U+abc escaped, U+89 not) |
158 | |
196 | |
159 | =item $json = $json->utf8 ([$enable]) |
197 | =item $json = $json->utf8 ([$enable]) |
160 | |
198 | |
161 | If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will encode |
199 | If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will encode |
162 | the JSON result into UTF-8, as required by many protocols, while the |
200 | the JSON result into UTF-8, as required by many protocols, while the |
… | |
… | |
275 | => "Hello, World!" |
313 | => "Hello, World!" |
276 | |
314 | |
277 | =item $json = $json->shrink ([$enable]) |
315 | =item $json = $json->shrink ([$enable]) |
278 | |
316 | |
279 | Perl usually over-allocates memory a bit when allocating space for |
317 | Perl usually over-allocates memory a bit when allocating space for |
280 | strings. This flag optionally resizes strings generated by either |
318 | strings. This flag optionally resizes strings generated by either |
281 | C<encode> or C<decode> to their minimum size possible. This can save |
319 | C<encode> or C<decode> to their minimum size possible. This can save |
282 | memory when your JSON texts are either very very long or you have many |
320 | memory when your JSON texts are either very very long or you have many |
283 | short strings. It will also try to downgrade any strings to octet-form |
321 | short strings. It will also try to downgrade any strings to octet-form |
284 | if possible: perl stores strings internally either in an encoding called |
322 | if possible: perl stores strings internally either in an encoding called |
285 | UTF-X or in octet-form. The latter cannot store everything but uses less |
323 | UTF-X or in octet-form. The latter cannot store everything but uses less |
286 | space in general. |
324 | space in general (and some buggy Perl or C code might even rely on that |
|
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325 | internal representation being used). |
287 | |
326 | |
|
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327 | The actual definition of what shrink does might change in future versions, |
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328 | but it will always try to save space at the expense of time. |
|
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329 | |
288 | If C<$enable> is true (or missing), the string returned by C<encode> will be shrunk-to-fit, |
330 | If C<$enable> is true (or missing), the string returned by C<encode> will |
289 | while all strings generated by C<decode> will also be shrunk-to-fit. |
331 | be shrunk-to-fit, while all strings generated by C<decode> will also be |
|
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332 | shrunk-to-fit. |
290 | |
333 | |
291 | If C<$enable> is false, then the normal perl allocation algorithms are used. |
334 | If C<$enable> is false, then the normal perl allocation algorithms are used. |
292 | If you work with your data, then this is likely to be faster. |
335 | If you work with your data, then this is likely to be faster. |
293 | |
336 | |
294 | In the future, this setting might control other things, such as converting |
337 | In the future, this setting might control other things, such as converting |
295 | strings that look like integers or floats into integers or floats |
338 | strings that look like integers or floats into integers or floats |
296 | internally (there is no difference on the Perl level), saving space. |
339 | internally (there is no difference on the Perl level), saving space. |
|
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340 | |
|
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341 | =item $json = $json->max_depth ([$maximum_nesting_depth]) |
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342 | |
|
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343 | Sets the maximum nesting level (default C<512>) accepted while encoding |
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344 | or decoding. If the JSON text or Perl data structure has an equal or |
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345 | higher nesting level then this limit, then the encoder and decoder will |
|
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346 | stop and croak at that point. |
|
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347 | |
|
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348 | Nesting level is defined by number of hash- or arrayrefs that the encoder |
|
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349 | needs to traverse to reach a given point or the number of C<{> or C<[> |
|
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350 | characters without their matching closing parenthesis crossed to reach a |
|
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351 | given character in a string. |
|
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352 | |
|
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353 | Setting the maximum depth to one disallows any nesting, so that ensures |
|
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354 | that the object is only a single hash/object or array. |
|
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355 | |
|
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356 | The argument to C<max_depth> will be rounded up to the next nearest power |
|
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357 | of two. |
|
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358 | |
|
|
359 | See SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS, below, for more info on why this is useful. |
297 | |
360 | |
298 | =item $json_text = $json->encode ($perl_scalar) |
361 | =item $json_text = $json->encode ($perl_scalar) |
299 | |
362 | |
300 | Converts the given Perl data structure (a simple scalar or a reference |
363 | Converts the given Perl data structure (a simple scalar or a reference |
301 | to a hash or array) to its JSON representation. Simple scalars will be |
364 | to a hash or array) to its JSON representation. Simple scalars will be |
… | |
… | |
311 | |
374 | |
312 | JSON numbers and strings become simple Perl scalars. JSON arrays become |
375 | JSON numbers and strings become simple Perl scalars. JSON arrays become |
313 | Perl arrayrefs and JSON objects become Perl hashrefs. C<true> becomes |
376 | Perl arrayrefs and JSON objects become Perl hashrefs. C<true> becomes |
314 | C<1>, C<false> becomes C<0> and C<null> becomes C<undef>. |
377 | C<1>, C<false> becomes C<0> and C<null> becomes C<undef>. |
315 | |
378 | |
|
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379 | =item ($perl_scalar, $characters) = $json->decode_prefix ($json_text) |
|
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380 | |
|
|
381 | This works like the C<decode> method, but instead of raising an exception |
|
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382 | when there is trailing garbage after the first JSON object, it will |
|
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383 | silently stop parsing there and return the number of characters consumed |
|
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384 | so far. |
|
|
385 | |
|
|
386 | This is useful if your JSON texts are not delimited by an outer protocol |
|
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387 | (which is not the brightest thing to do in the first place) and you need |
|
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388 | to know where the JSON text ends. |
|
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389 | |
|
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390 | JSON::XS->new->decode_prefix ("[1] the tail") |
|
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391 | => ([], 3) |
|
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392 | |
316 | =back |
393 | =back |
|
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394 | |
317 | |
395 | |
318 | =head1 MAPPING |
396 | =head1 MAPPING |
319 | |
397 | |
320 | This section describes how JSON::XS maps Perl values to JSON values and |
398 | This section describes how JSON::XS maps Perl values to JSON values and |
321 | vice versa. These mappings are designed to "do the right thing" in most |
399 | vice versa. These mappings are designed to "do the right thing" in most |
… | |
… | |
375 | =over 4 |
453 | =over 4 |
376 | |
454 | |
377 | =item hash references |
455 | =item hash references |
378 | |
456 | |
379 | Perl hash references become JSON objects. As there is no inherent ordering |
457 | Perl hash references become JSON objects. As there is no inherent ordering |
380 | in hash keys, they will usually be encoded in a pseudo-random order that |
458 | in hash keys (or JSON objects), they will usually be encoded in a |
381 | can change between runs of the same program but stays generally the same |
459 | pseudo-random order that can change between runs of the same program but |
382 | within a single run of a program. JSON::XS can optionally sort the hash |
460 | stays generally the same within a single run of a program. JSON::XS can |
383 | keys (determined by the I<canonical> flag), so the same datastructure |
461 | optionally sort the hash keys (determined by the I<canonical> flag), so |
384 | will serialise to the same JSON text (given same settings and version of |
462 | the same datastructure will serialise to the same JSON text (given same |
385 | JSON::XS), but this incurs a runtime overhead. |
463 | settings and version of JSON::XS), but this incurs a runtime overhead |
|
|
464 | and is only rarely useful, e.g. when you want to compare some JSON text |
|
|
465 | against another for equality. |
386 | |
466 | |
387 | =item array references |
467 | =item array references |
388 | |
468 | |
389 | Perl array references become JSON arrays. |
469 | Perl array references become JSON arrays. |
|
|
470 | |
|
|
471 | =item other references |
|
|
472 | |
|
|
473 | Other unblessed references are generally not allowed and will cause an |
|
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474 | exception to be thrown, except for references to the integers C<0> and |
|
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475 | C<1>, which get turned into C<false> and C<true> atoms in JSON. You can |
|
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476 | also use C<JSON::XS::false> and C<JSON::XS::true> to improve readability. |
|
|
477 | |
|
|
478 | to_json [\0,JSON::XS::true] # yields [false,true] |
390 | |
479 | |
391 | =item blessed objects |
480 | =item blessed objects |
392 | |
481 | |
393 | Blessed objects are not allowed. JSON::XS currently tries to encode their |
482 | Blessed objects are not allowed. JSON::XS currently tries to encode their |
394 | underlying representation (hash- or arrayref), but this behaviour might |
483 | underlying representation (hash- or arrayref), but this behaviour might |
… | |
… | |
427 | $x *= 1; # same thing, the choise is yours. |
516 | $x *= 1; # same thing, the choise is yours. |
428 | |
517 | |
429 | You can not currently output JSON booleans or force the type in other, |
518 | You can not currently output JSON booleans or force the type in other, |
430 | less obscure, ways. Tell me if you need this capability. |
519 | less obscure, ways. Tell me if you need this capability. |
431 | |
520 | |
432 | =item circular data structures |
|
|
433 | |
|
|
434 | Those will be encoded until memory or stackspace runs out. |
|
|
435 | |
|
|
436 | =back |
521 | =back |
|
|
522 | |
437 | |
523 | |
438 | =head1 COMPARISON |
524 | =head1 COMPARISON |
439 | |
525 | |
440 | As already mentioned, this module was created because none of the existing |
526 | As already mentioned, this module was created because none of the existing |
441 | JSON modules could be made to work correctly. First I will describe the |
527 | JSON modules could be made to work correctly. First I will describe the |
… | |
… | |
526 | It seems that JSON::XS is surprisingly fast, as shown in the following |
612 | It seems that JSON::XS is surprisingly fast, as shown in the following |
527 | tables. They have been generated with the help of the C<eg/bench> program |
613 | tables. They have been generated with the help of the C<eg/bench> program |
528 | in the JSON::XS distribution, to make it easy to compare on your own |
614 | in the JSON::XS distribution, to make it easy to compare on your own |
529 | system. |
615 | system. |
530 | |
616 | |
531 | First comes a comparison between various modules using a very short JSON |
617 | First comes a comparison between various modules using a very short |
532 | string: |
618 | single-line JSON string: |
533 | |
619 | |
534 | {"method": "handleMessage", "params": ["user1", "we were just talking"], "id": null} |
620 | {"method": "handleMessage", "params": ["user1", "we were just talking"], \ |
|
|
621 | "id": null, [1,11,234,-5,1e5,1e7, true, false]} |
535 | |
622 | |
536 | It shows the number of encodes/decodes per second (JSON::XS uses the |
623 | It shows the number of encodes/decodes per second (JSON::XS uses the |
537 | functional interface, while JSON::XS/2 uses the OO interface with |
624 | functional interface, while JSON::XS/2 uses the OO interface with |
538 | pretty-printing and hashkey sorting enabled). Higher is better: |
625 | pretty-printing and hashkey sorting enabled). Higher is better: |
539 | |
626 | |
|
|
627 | -----------+------------+------------+ |
540 | module | encode | decode | |
628 | module | encode | decode | |
541 | -----------|------------|------------| |
629 | -----------|------------|------------| |
542 | JSON | 11488.516 | 7823.035 | |
630 | JSON | 10597.029 | 5740.903 | |
543 | JSON::DWIW | 94708.054 | 129094.260 | |
631 | JSON::DWIW | 78251.940 | 98457.840 | |
544 | JSON::PC | 63884.157 | 128528.212 | |
632 | JSON::PC | 70611.178 | 92794.336 | |
545 | JSON::Syck | 34898.677 | 42096.911 | |
633 | JSON::Syck | 28767.517 | 38199.490 | |
546 | JSON::XS | 654027.064 | 396423.669 | |
634 | JSON::XS | 419430.400 | 265462.278 | |
547 | JSON::XS/2 | 371564.190 | 371725.613 | |
635 | JSON::XS/2 | 279620.267 | 265462.278 | |
|
|
636 | JSON::XS/3 | 388361.481 | 265462.278 | |
|
|
637 | Storable | 16294.887 | 16844.594 | |
548 | -----------+------------+------------+ |
638 | -----------+------------+------------+ |
549 | |
639 | |
550 | That is, JSON::XS is more than six times faster than JSON::DWIW on |
640 | That is, JSON::XS is about five times faster than JSON::DWIW on encoding, |
551 | encoding, more than three times faster on decoding, and about thirty times |
641 | about three times faster on decoding, and about fourty times faster |
552 | faster than JSON, even with pretty-printing and key sorting. |
642 | than JSON, even with pretty-printing and key sorting. It also compares |
|
|
643 | favourably to Storable for small amounts of data. |
553 | |
644 | |
554 | Using a longer test string (roughly 18KB, generated from Yahoo! Locals |
645 | Using a longer test string (roughly 18KB, generated from Yahoo! Locals |
555 | search API (http://nanoref.com/yahooapis/mgPdGg): |
646 | search API (http://nanoref.com/yahooapis/mgPdGg): |
556 | |
647 | |
557 | module | encode | decode | |
648 | module | encode | decode | |
558 | -----------|------------|------------| |
649 | -----------|------------|------------| |
559 | JSON | 273.023 | 44.674 | |
650 | JSON | 254.685 | 37.665 | |
560 | JSON::DWIW | 1089.383 | 1145.704 | |
651 | JSON::DWIW | 1014.244 | 1087.678 | |
561 | JSON::PC | 3097.419 | 2393.921 | |
652 | JSON::PC | 3602.116 | 2307.352 | |
562 | JSON::Syck | 514.060 | 843.053 | |
653 | JSON::Syck | 558.035 | 776.263 | |
563 | JSON::XS | 6479.668 | 3636.364 | |
654 | JSON::XS | 5747.196 | 3543.684 | |
564 | JSON::XS/2 | 3774.221 | 3599.124 | |
655 | JSON::XS/2 | 3968.121 | 3589.170 | |
|
|
656 | JSON::XS/3 | 6105.246 | 3561.134 | |
|
|
657 | Storable | 4456.337 | 5320.020 | |
565 | -----------+------------+------------+ |
658 | -----------+------------+------------+ |
566 | |
659 | |
567 | Again, JSON::XS leads by far. |
660 | Again, JSON::XS leads by far. |
568 | |
661 | |
569 | On large strings containing lots of high unicode characters, some modules |
662 | On large strings containing lots of high unicode characters, some modules |
570 | (such as JSON::PC) seem to decode faster than JSON::XS, but the result |
663 | (such as JSON::PC) seem to decode faster than JSON::XS, but the result |
571 | will be broken due to missing (or wrong) unicode handling. Others refuse |
664 | will be broken due to missing (or wrong) unicode handling. Others refuse |
572 | to decode or encode properly, so it was impossible to prepare a fair |
665 | to decode or encode properly, so it was impossible to prepare a fair |
573 | comparison table for that case. |
666 | comparison table for that case. |
574 | |
667 | |
575 | =head1 RESOURCE LIMITS |
|
|
576 | |
668 | |
577 | JSON::XS does not impose any limits on the size of JSON texts or Perl |
669 | =head1 SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS |
578 | values they represent - if your machine can handle it, JSON::XS will |
670 | |
579 | encode or decode it. Future versions might optionally impose structure |
671 | When you are using JSON in a protocol, talking to untrusted potentially |
580 | depth and memory use resource limits. |
672 | hostile creatures requires relatively few measures. |
|
|
673 | |
|
|
674 | First of all, your JSON decoder should be secure, that is, should not have |
|
|
675 | any buffer overflows. Obviously, this module should ensure that and I am |
|
|
676 | trying hard on making that true, but you never know. |
|
|
677 | |
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678 | Second, you need to avoid resource-starving attacks. That means you should |
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679 | limit the size of JSON texts you accept, or make sure then when your |
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680 | resources run out, thats just fine (e.g. by using a separate process that |
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681 | can crash safely). The size of a JSON text in octets or characters is |
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682 | usually a good indication of the size of the resources required to decode |
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683 | it into a Perl structure. |
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684 | |
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685 | Third, JSON::XS recurses using the C stack when decoding objects and |
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686 | arrays. The C stack is a limited resource: for instance, on my amd64 |
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687 | machine with 8MB of stack size I can decode around 180k nested arrays but |
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688 | only 14k nested JSON objects (due to perl itself recursing deeply on croak |
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689 | to free the temporary). If that is exceeded, the program crashes. to be |
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690 | conservative, the default nesting limit is set to 512. If your process |
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691 | has a smaller stack, you should adjust this setting accordingly with the |
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692 | C<max_depth> method. |
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693 | |
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694 | And last but least, something else could bomb you that I forgot to think |
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695 | of. In that case, you get to keep the pieces. I am always open for hints, |
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696 | though... |
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697 | |
581 | |
698 | |
582 | =head1 BUGS |
699 | =head1 BUGS |
583 | |
700 | |
584 | While the goal of this module is to be correct, that unfortunately does |
701 | While the goal of this module is to be correct, that unfortunately does |
585 | not mean its bug-free, only that I think its design is bug-free. It is |
702 | not mean its bug-free, only that I think its design is bug-free. It is |
586 | still very young and not well-tested. If you keep reporting bugs they will |
703 | still relatively early in its development. If you keep reporting bugs they |
587 | be fixed swiftly, though. |
704 | will be fixed swiftly, though. |
588 | |
705 | |
589 | =cut |
706 | =cut |
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707 | |
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708 | sub true() { \1 } |
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709 | sub false() { \0 } |
590 | |
710 | |
591 | 1; |
711 | 1; |
592 | |
712 | |
593 | =head1 AUTHOR |
713 | =head1 AUTHOR |
594 | |
714 | |