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Revision 1.96 by root, Wed Mar 26 01:40:42 2008 UTC vs.
Revision 1.107 by root, Tue Jun 3 06:43:45 2008 UTC

1=head1 NAME 1=head1 NAME
2 2
3JSON::XS - JSON serialising/deserialising, done correctly and fast
4
3=encoding utf-8 5=encoding utf-8
4
5JSON::XS - JSON serialising/deserialising, done correctly and fast
6 6
7JSON::XS - 正しくて高速な JSON シリアライザ/デシリアライザ 7JSON::XS - 正しくて高速な JSON シリアライザ/デシリアライザ
8 (http://fleur.hio.jp/perldoc/mix/lib/JSON/XS.html) 8 (http://fleur.hio.jp/perldoc/mix/lib/JSON/XS.html)
9 9
10=head1 SYNOPSIS 10=head1 SYNOPSIS
37primary goal is to be I<correct> and its secondary goal is to be 37primary goal is to be I<correct> and its secondary goal is to be
38I<fast>. To reach the latter goal it was written in C. 38I<fast>. To reach the latter goal it was written in C.
39 39
40Beginning with version 2.0 of the JSON module, when both JSON and 40Beginning with version 2.0 of the JSON module, when both JSON and
41JSON::XS are installed, then JSON will fall back on JSON::XS (this can be 41JSON::XS are installed, then JSON will fall back on JSON::XS (this can be
42overriden) with no overhead due to emulation (by inheritign constructor 42overridden) with no overhead due to emulation (by inheriting constructor
43and methods). If JSON::XS is not available, it will fall back to the 43and methods). If JSON::XS is not available, it will fall back to the
44compatible JSON::PP module as backend, so using JSON instead of JSON::XS 44compatible JSON::PP module as backend, so using JSON instead of JSON::XS
45gives you a portable JSON API that can be fast when you need and doesn't 45gives you a portable JSON API that can be fast when you need and doesn't
46require a C compiler when that is a problem. 46require a C compiler when that is a problem.
47 47
65This module knows how to handle Unicode, documents how and when it does 65This module knows how to handle Unicode, documents how and when it does
66so, and even documents what "correct" means. 66so, and even documents what "correct" means.
67 67
68=item * round-trip integrity 68=item * round-trip integrity
69 69
70When you serialise a perl data structure using only datatypes supported 70When you serialise a perl data structure using only data types supported
71by JSON, the deserialised data structure is identical on the Perl level. 71by JSON, the deserialised data structure is identical on the Perl level.
72(e.g. the string "2.0" doesn't suddenly become "2" just because it looks 72(e.g. the string "2.0" doesn't suddenly become "2" just because it looks
73like a number). There minor I<are> exceptions to this, read the MAPPING 73like a number). There minor I<are> exceptions to this, read the MAPPING
74section below to learn about those. 74section below to learn about those.
75 75
84Compared to other JSON modules and other serialisers such as Storable, 84Compared to other JSON modules and other serialisers such as Storable,
85this module usually compares favourably in terms of speed, too. 85this module usually compares favourably in terms of speed, too.
86 86
87=item * simple to use 87=item * simple to use
88 88
89This module has both a simple functional interface as well as an objetc 89This module has both a simple functional interface as well as an object
90oriented interface interface. 90oriented interface interface.
91 91
92=item * reasonably versatile output formats 92=item * reasonably versatile output formats
93 93
94You can choose between the most compact guaranteed-single-line format 94You can choose between the most compact guaranteed-single-line format
95possible (nice for simple line-based protocols), a pure-ascii format 95possible (nice for simple line-based protocols), a pure-ASCII format
96(for when your transport is not 8-bit clean, still supports the whole 96(for when your transport is not 8-bit clean, still supports the whole
97Unicode range), or a pretty-printed format (for when you want to read that 97Unicode range), or a pretty-printed format (for when you want to read that
98stuff). Or you can combine those features in whatever way you like. 98stuff). Or you can combine those features in whatever way you like.
99 99
100=back 100=back
103 103
104package JSON::XS; 104package JSON::XS;
105 105
106use strict; 106use strict;
107 107
108our $VERSION = '2.1'; 108our $VERSION = '2.21';
109our @ISA = qw(Exporter); 109our @ISA = qw(Exporter);
110 110
111our @EXPORT = qw(encode_json decode_json to_json from_json); 111our @EXPORT = qw(encode_json decode_json to_json from_json);
112 112
113sub to_json($) { 113sub to_json($) {
137 137
138This function call is functionally identical to: 138This function call is functionally identical to:
139 139
140 $json_text = JSON::XS->new->utf8->encode ($perl_scalar) 140 $json_text = JSON::XS->new->utf8->encode ($perl_scalar)
141 141
142except being faster. 142Except being faster.
143 143
144=item $perl_scalar = decode_json $json_text 144=item $perl_scalar = decode_json $json_text
145 145
146The opposite of C<encode_json>: expects an UTF-8 (binary) string and tries 146The opposite of C<encode_json>: expects an UTF-8 (binary) string and tries
147to parse that as an UTF-8 encoded JSON text, returning the resulting 147to parse that as an UTF-8 encoded JSON text, returning the resulting
149 149
150This function call is functionally identical to: 150This function call is functionally identical to:
151 151
152 $perl_scalar = JSON::XS->new->utf8->decode ($json_text) 152 $perl_scalar = JSON::XS->new->utf8->decode ($json_text)
153 153
154except being faster. 154Except being faster.
155 155
156=item $is_boolean = JSON::XS::is_bool $scalar 156=item $is_boolean = JSON::XS::is_bool $scalar
157 157
158Returns true if the passed scalar represents either JSON::XS::true or 158Returns true if the passed scalar represents either JSON::XS::true or
159JSON::XS::false, two constants that act like C<1> and C<0>, respectively 159JSON::XS::false, two constants that act like C<1> and C<0>, respectively
197 197
198If you didn't know about that flag, just the better, pretend it doesn't 198If you didn't know about that flag, just the better, pretend it doesn't
199exist. 199exist.
200 200
201=item 4. A "Unicode String" is simply a string where each character can be 201=item 4. A "Unicode String" is simply a string where each character can be
202validly interpreted as a Unicode codepoint. 202validly interpreted as a Unicode code point.
203 203
204If you have UTF-8 encoded data, it is no longer a Unicode string, but a 204If you have UTF-8 encoded data, it is no longer a Unicode string, but a
205Unicode string encoded in UTF-8, giving you a binary string. 205Unicode string encoded in UTF-8, giving you a binary string.
206 206
207=item 5. A string containing "high" (> 255) character values is I<not> a UTF-8 string. 207=item 5. A string containing "high" (> 255) character values is I<not> a UTF-8 string.
462Example, encode a Perl scalar as JSON value with enabled C<allow_nonref>, 462Example, encode a Perl scalar as JSON value with enabled C<allow_nonref>,
463resulting in an invalid JSON text: 463resulting in an invalid JSON text:
464 464
465 JSON::XS->new->allow_nonref->encode ("Hello, World!") 465 JSON::XS->new->allow_nonref->encode ("Hello, World!")
466 => "Hello, World!" 466 => "Hello, World!"
467
468=item $json = $json->allow_unknown ([$enable])
469
470=item $enabled = $json->get_allow_unknown
471
472If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode> will I<not> throw an
473exception when it encounters values it cannot represent in JSON (for
474example, filehandles) but instead will encode a JSON C<null> value. Note
475that blessed objects are not included here and are handled separately by
476c<allow_nonref>.
477
478If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<encode> will throw an
479exception when it encounters anything it cannot encode as JSON.
480
481This option does not affect C<decode> in any way, and it is recommended to
482leave it off unless you know your communications partner.
467 483
468=item $json = $json->allow_blessed ([$enable]) 484=item $json = $json->allow_blessed ([$enable])
469 485
470=item $enabled = $json->get_allow_blessed 486=item $enabled = $json->get_allow_blessed
471 487
612=item $json = $json->max_depth ([$maximum_nesting_depth]) 628=item $json = $json->max_depth ([$maximum_nesting_depth])
613 629
614=item $max_depth = $json->get_max_depth 630=item $max_depth = $json->get_max_depth
615 631
616Sets the maximum nesting level (default C<512>) accepted while encoding 632Sets the maximum nesting level (default C<512>) accepted while encoding
617or decoding. If the JSON text or Perl data structure has an equal or 633or decoding. If a higher nesting level is detected in JSON text or a Perl
618higher nesting level then this limit, then the encoder and decoder will 634data structure, then the encoder and decoder will stop and croak at that
619stop and croak at that point. 635point.
620 636
621Nesting level is defined by number of hash- or arrayrefs that the encoder 637Nesting level is defined by number of hash- or arrayrefs that the encoder
622needs to traverse to reach a given point or the number of C<{> or C<[> 638needs to traverse to reach a given point or the number of C<{> or C<[>
623characters without their matching closing parenthesis crossed to reach a 639characters without their matching closing parenthesis crossed to reach a
624given character in a string. 640given character in a string.
625 641
626Setting the maximum depth to one disallows any nesting, so that ensures 642Setting the maximum depth to one disallows any nesting, so that ensures
627that the object is only a single hash/object or array. 643that the object is only a single hash/object or array.
628 644
629The argument to C<max_depth> will be rounded up to the next highest power
630of two. If no argument is given, the highest possible setting will be 645If no argument is given, the highest possible setting will be used, which
631used, which is rarely useful. 646is rarely useful.
647
648Note that nesting is implemented by recursion in C. The default value has
649been chosen to be as large as typical operating systems allow without
650crashing.
632 651
633See SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS, below, for more info on why this is useful. 652See SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS, below, for more info on why this is useful.
634 653
635=item $json = $json->max_size ([$maximum_string_size]) 654=item $json = $json->max_size ([$maximum_string_size])
636 655
637=item $max_size = $json->get_max_size 656=item $max_size = $json->get_max_size
638 657
639Set the maximum length a JSON text may have (in bytes) where decoding is 658Set the maximum length a JSON text may have (in bytes) where decoding is
640being attempted. The default is C<0>, meaning no limit. When C<decode> 659being attempted. The default is C<0>, meaning no limit. When C<decode>
641is called on a string longer then this number of characters it will not 660is called on a string that is longer then this many bytes, it will not
642attempt to decode the string but throw an exception. This setting has no 661attempt to decode the string but throw an exception. This setting has no
643effect on C<encode> (yet). 662effect on C<encode> (yet).
644 663
645The argument to C<max_size> will be rounded up to the next B<highest> 664If no argument is given, the limit check will be deactivated (same as when
646power of two (so may be more than requested). If no argument is given, the 665C<0> is specified).
647limit check will be deactivated (same as when C<0> is specified).
648 666
649See SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS, below, for more info on why this is useful. 667See SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS, below, for more info on why this is useful.
650 668
651=item $json_text = $json->encode ($perl_scalar) 669=item $json_text = $json->encode ($perl_scalar)
652 670
682 700
683=back 701=back
684 702
685 703
686=head1 INCREMENTAL PARSING 704=head1 INCREMENTAL PARSING
687
688[This section is still EXPERIMENTAL]
689 705
690In some cases, there is the need for incremental parsing of JSON 706In some cases, there is the need for incremental parsing of JSON
691texts. While this module always has to keep both JSON text and resulting 707texts. While this module always has to keep both JSON text and resulting
692Perl data structure in memory at one time, it does allow you to parse a 708Perl data structure in memory at one time, it does allow you to parse a
693JSON stream incrementally. It does so by accumulating text until it has 709JSON stream incrementally. It does so by accumulating text until it has
727objects or arrays, instead they must be concatenated back-to-back. If 743objects or arrays, instead they must be concatenated back-to-back. If
728an error occurs, an exception will be raised as in the scalar context 744an error occurs, an exception will be raised as in the scalar context
729case. Note that in this case, any previously-parsed JSON texts will be 745case. Note that in this case, any previously-parsed JSON texts will be
730lost. 746lost.
731 747
732If there is a parse
733
734=item $lvalue_string = $json->incr_text 748=item $lvalue_string = $json->incr_text
735 749
736This method returns the currently stored JSON fragment as an lvalue, that 750This method returns the currently stored JSON fragment as an lvalue, that
737is, you can manipulate it. This I<only> works when a preceding call to 751is, you can manipulate it. This I<only> works when a preceding call to
738C<incr_parse> in I<scalar context> successfully returned an object. Under 752C<incr_parse> in I<scalar context> successfully returned an object. Under
742method before having parsed anything. 756method before having parsed anything.
743 757
744This function is useful in two cases: a) finding the trailing text after a 758This function is useful in two cases: a) finding the trailing text after a
745JSON object or b) parsing multiple JSON objects separated by non-JSON text 759JSON object or b) parsing multiple JSON objects separated by non-JSON text
746(such as commas). 760(such as commas).
761
762=item $json->incr_skip
763
764This will reset the state of the incremental parser and will remove the
765parsed text from the input buffer. This is useful after C<incr_parse>
766died, in which case the input buffer and incremental parser state is left
767unchanged, to skip the text parsed so far and to reset the parse state.
768
769=item $json->incr_reset
770
771This completely resets the incremental parser, that is, after this call,
772it will be as if the parser had never parsed anything.
773
774This is useful if you want ot repeatedly parse JSON objects and want to
775ignore any trailing data, which means you have to reset the parser after
776each successful decode.
747 777
748=back 778=back
749 779
750=head2 LIMITATIONS 780=head2 LIMITATIONS
751 781
992Other unblessed references are generally not allowed and will cause an 1022Other unblessed references are generally not allowed and will cause an
993exception to be thrown, except for references to the integers C<0> and 1023exception to be thrown, except for references to the integers C<0> and
994C<1>, which get turned into C<false> and C<true> atoms in JSON. You can 1024C<1>, which get turned into C<false> and C<true> atoms in JSON. You can
995also use C<JSON::XS::false> and C<JSON::XS::true> to improve readability. 1025also use C<JSON::XS::false> and C<JSON::XS::true> to improve readability.
996 1026
997 encode_json [\0,JSON::XS::true] # yields [false,true] 1027 encode_json [\0, JSON::XS::true] # yields [false,true]
998 1028
999=item JSON::XS::true, JSON::XS::false 1029=item JSON::XS::true, JSON::XS::false
1000 1030
1001These special values become JSON true and JSON false values, 1031These special values become JSON true and JSON false values,
1002respectively. You can also use C<\1> and C<\0> directly if you want. 1032respectively. You can also use C<\1> and C<\0> directly if you want.
1209 1239
1210First comes a comparison between various modules using 1240First comes a comparison between various modules using
1211a very short single-line JSON string (also available at 1241a very short single-line JSON string (also available at
1212L<http://dist.schmorp.de/misc/json/short.json>). 1242L<http://dist.schmorp.de/misc/json/short.json>).
1213 1243
1214 {"method": "handleMessage", "params": ["user1", "we were just talking"], \ 1244 {"method": "handleMessage", "params": ["user1",
1215 "id": null, "array":[1,11,234,-5,1e5,1e7, true, false]} 1245 "we were just talking"], "id": null, "array":[1,11,234,-5,1e5,1e7,
1246 true, false]}
1216 1247
1217It shows the number of encodes/decodes per second (JSON::XS uses 1248It shows the number of encodes/decodes per second (JSON::XS uses
1218the functional interface, while JSON::XS/2 uses the OO interface 1249the functional interface, while JSON::XS/2 uses the OO interface
1219with pretty-printing and hashkey sorting enabled, JSON::XS/3 enables 1250with pretty-printing and hashkey sorting enabled, JSON::XS/3 enables
1220shrink). Higher is better: 1251shrink). Higher is better:
1318 1349
1319 1350
1320=head1 BUGS 1351=head1 BUGS
1321 1352
1322While the goal of this module is to be correct, that unfortunately does 1353While the goal of this module is to be correct, that unfortunately does
1323not mean it's bug-free, only that I think its design is bug-free. It is 1354not mean it's bug-free, only that I think its design is bug-free. If you
1324still relatively early in its development. If you keep reporting bugs they 1355keep reporting bugs they will be fixed swiftly, though.
1325will be fixed swiftly, though.
1326 1356
1327Please refrain from using rt.cpan.org or any other bug reporting 1357Please refrain from using rt.cpan.org or any other bug reporting
1328service. I put the contact address into my modules for a reason. 1358service. I put the contact address into my modules for a reason.
1329 1359
1330=cut 1360=cut

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