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Revision 1.8 by root, Wed Nov 16 06:22:20 2011 UTC vs.
Revision 1.45 by root, Sat Apr 21 17:50:27 2012 UTC

8 8
9=head1 DESCRIPTION 9=head1 DESCRIPTION
10 10
11This is an early release which might be useful, but hasn't seen much testing. 11This is an early release which might be useful, but hasn't seen much testing.
12 12
13=head2 OpenCL FROM 10000 FEET HEIGHT
14
15Here is a high level overview of OpenCL:
16
17First you need to find one or more OpenCL::Platforms (kind of like
18vendors) - usually there is only one.
19
20Each platform gives you access to a number of OpenCL::Device objects, e.g.
21your graphics card.
22
23From a platform and some device(s), you create an OpenCL::Context, which is
24a very central object in OpenCL: Once you have a context you can create
25most other objects:
26
27OpenCL::Program objects, which store source code and, after building for a
28specific device ("compiling and linking"), also binary programs. For each
29kernel function in a program you can then create an OpenCL::Kernel object
30which represents basically a function call with argument values.
31
32OpenCL::Memory objects of various flavours: OpenCL::Buffer objects (flat
33memory areas, think arrays or structs) and OpenCL::Image objects (think 2d
34or 3d array) for bulk data and input and output for kernels.
35
36OpenCL::Sampler objects, which are kind of like texture filter modes in
37OpenGL.
38
39OpenCL::Queue objects - command queues, which allow you to submit memory
40reads, writes and copies, as well as kernel calls to your devices. They
41also offer a variety of methods to synchronise request execution, for
42example with barriers or OpenCL::Event objects.
43
44OpenCL::Event objects are used to signal when something is complete.
45
13=head1 HELPFUL RESOURCES 46=head2 HELPFUL RESOURCES
14 47
15The OpenCL spec used to develop this module (1.2 spec was available, but 48The OpenCL spec used to develop this module (1.2 spec was available, but
16no implementation was available to me :). 49no implementation was available to me :).
17 50
18 http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/specs/opencl-1.1.pdf 51 http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/specs/opencl-1.1.pdf
19 52
20OpenCL manpages: 53OpenCL manpages:
21 54
22 http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/ 55 http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/
23 56
57If you are into UML class diagrams, the following diagram might help - if
58not, it will be mildly cobfusing:
59
60 http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/classDiagram.html
61
62Here's a tutorial from AMD (very AMD-centric, too), not sure how useful it
63is, but at least it's free of charge:
64
65 http://developer.amd.com/zones/OpenCLZone/courses/Documents/Introduction_to_OpenCL_Programming%20Training_Guide%20%28201005%29.pdf
66
67And here's NVIDIA's OpenCL Best Practises Guide:
68
69 http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/3_2/toolkit/docs/OpenCL_Best_Practices_Guide.pdf
70
71=head1 BASIC WORKFLOW
72
73To get something done, you basically have to do this once (refer to the
74examples below for actual code, this is just a high-level description):
75
76Find some platform (e.g. the first one) and some device(s) (e.g. the first
77device of the platform), and create a context from those.
78
79Create program objects from your OpenCL source code, then build (compile)
80the programs for each device you want to run them on.
81
82Create kernel objects for all kernels you want to use (surprisingly, these
83are not device-specific).
84
85Then, to execute stuff, you repeat these steps, possibly resuing or
86sharing some buffers:
87
88Create some input and output buffers from your context. Set these as
89arguments to your kernel.
90
91Enqueue buffer writes to initialise your input buffers (when not
92initialised at creation time).
93
94Enqueue the kernel execution.
95
96Enqueue buffer reads for your output buffer to read results.
97
24=head1 EXAMPLES 98=head1 EXAMPLES
25 99
26=head2 Enumerate all devices and get contexts for them. 100=head2 Enumerate all devices and get contexts for them.
27 101
102Best run this once to get a feel for the platforms and devices in your
103system.
104
28 for my $platform (OpenCL::platforms) { 105 for my $platform (OpenCL::platforms) {
29 warn $platform->info (OpenCL::PLATFORM_NAME); 106 printf "platform: %s\n", $platform->name;
30 warn $platform->info (OpenCL::PLATFORM_EXTENSIONS); 107 printf "extensions: %s\n", $platform->extensions;
31 for my $device ($platform->devices) { 108 for my $device ($platform->devices) {
32 warn $device->info (OpenCL::DEVICE_NAME); 109 printf "+ device: %s\n", $device->name;
33 my $ctx = $device->context_simple; 110 my $ctx = $platform->context (undef, [$device]);
34 # do stuff 111 # do stuff
35 } 112 }
36 } 113 }
37 114
38=head2 Get a useful context and a command queue. 115=head2 Get a useful context and a command queue.
39 116
40 my $dev = ((OpenCL::platforms)[0]->devices)[0]; 117This is a useful boilerplate for any OpenCL program that only wants to use
41 my $ctx = $dev->context_simple; 118one device,
42 my $queue = $ctx->command_queue_simple ($dev); 119
120 my ($platform) = OpenCL::platforms; # find first platform
121 my ($dev) = $platform->devices; # find first device of platform
122 my $ctx = $platform->context (undef, [$dev]); # create context out of those
123 my $queue = $ctx->queue ($dev); # create a command queue for the device
43 124
44=head2 Print all supported image formats of a context. 125=head2 Print all supported image formats of a context.
45 126
127Best run this once for your context, to see whats available and how to
128gather information.
129
46 for my $type (OpenCL::MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE2D, OpenCL::MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE3D) { 130 for my $type (OpenCL::MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE2D, OpenCL::MEM_OBJECT_IMAGE3D) {
47 say "supported image formats for ", OpenCL::enum2str $type; 131 print "supported image formats for ", OpenCL::enum2str $type, "\n";
48 132
49 for my $f ($ctx->supported_image_formats (0, $type)) { 133 for my $f ($ctx->supported_image_formats (0, $type)) {
50 printf " %-10s %-20s\n", OpenCL::enum2str $f->[0], OpenCL::enum2str $f->[1]; 134 printf " %-10s %-20s\n", OpenCL::enum2str $f->[0], OpenCL::enum2str $f->[1];
51 } 135 }
52 } 136 }
55then asynchronously. 139then asynchronously.
56 140
57 my $buf = $ctx->buffer_sv (OpenCL::MEM_COPY_HOST_PTR, "helmut"); 141 my $buf = $ctx->buffer_sv (OpenCL::MEM_COPY_HOST_PTR, "helmut");
58 142
59 $queue->enqueue_read_buffer ($buf, 1, 1, 3, my $data); 143 $queue->enqueue_read_buffer ($buf, 1, 1, 3, my $data);
60 warn $data; 144 print "$data\n";
61 145
62 my $ev = $queue->enqueue_read_buffer ($buf, 0, 1, 3, my $data); 146 my $ev = $queue->enqueue_read_buffer ($buf, 0, 1, 3, my $data);
63 $ev->wait; 147 $ev->wait;
64 warn $data; 148 print "$data\n"; # prints "elm"
65 149
66=head2 Create and build a program, then create a kernel out of one of its 150=head2 Create and build a program, then create a kernel out of one of its
67functions. 151functions.
68 152
69 my $src = ' 153 my $src = '
70 __kernel void 154 kernel void
71 squareit (__global float *input, __global float *output) 155 squareit (global float *input, global float *output)
72 { 156 {
73 size_t id = get_global_id (0); 157 $id = get_global_id (0);
74 output [id] = input [id] * input [id]; 158 output [id] = input [id] * input [id];
75 } 159 }
76 '; 160 ';
77 161
78 my $prog = $ctx->program_with_source ($src); 162 my $prog = $ctx->program_with_source ($src);
79 163
80 eval { $prog->build ($dev); 1 } 164 # build croaks on compile errors, so catch it and print the compile errors
81 or die $prog->build_info ($dev, OpenCL::PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG); 165 eval { $prog->build ($dev, "-cl-fast-relaxed-math"); 1 }
166 or die $prog->build_log;
82 167
83 my $kernel = $prog->kernel ("squareit"); 168 my $kernel = $prog->kernel ("squareit");
84 169
85=head2 Create some input and output float buffers, then call squareit on them. 170=head2 Create some input and output float buffers, then call the
171'squareit' kernel on them.
86 172
87 my $input = $ctx->buffer_sv (OpenCL::MEM_COPY_HOST_PTR, pack "f*", 1, 2, 3, 4.5); 173 my $input = $ctx->buffer_sv (OpenCL::MEM_COPY_HOST_PTR, pack "f*", 1, 2, 3, 4.5);
88 my $output = $ctx->buffer (0, OpenCL::SIZEOF_FLOAT * 5); 174 my $output = $ctx->buffer (0, OpenCL::SIZEOF_FLOAT * 5);
89 175
90 # set buffer 176 # set buffer
96 182
97 # enqueue a synchronous read 183 # enqueue a synchronous read
98 $queue->enqueue_read_buffer ($output, 1, 0, OpenCL::SIZEOF_FLOAT * 4, my $data); 184 $queue->enqueue_read_buffer ($output, 1, 0, OpenCL::SIZEOF_FLOAT * 4, my $data);
99 185
100 # print the results: 186 # print the results:
101 say join ", ", unpack "f*", $data; 187 printf "%s\n", join ", ", unpack "f*", $data;
102 188
103=head2 The same enqueue operations as before, but assuming an out-of-order queue, 189=head2 The same enqueue operations as before, but assuming an out-of-order queue,
104showing off barriers. 190showing off barriers.
105 191
106 # execute it for all 4 numbers 192 # execute it for all 4 numbers
125 $ev = $queue->enqueue_read_buffer ($output, 0, 0, OpenCL::SIZEOF_FLOAT * 4, my $data, $ev); 211 $ev = $queue->enqueue_read_buffer ($output, 0, 0, OpenCL::SIZEOF_FLOAT * 4, my $data, $ev);
126 212
127 # wait for the last event to complete 213 # wait for the last event to complete
128 $ev->wait; 214 $ev->wait;
129 215
216=head2 Use the OpenGL module to share a texture between OpenCL and OpenGL and draw some julia
217set tunnel effect.
218
219This is quite a long example to get you going.
220
221 use OpenGL ":all";
222 use OpenCL;
223
224 # open a window and create a gl texture
225 OpenGL::glpOpenWindow width => 256, height => 256;
226 my $texid = glGenTextures_p 1;
227 glBindTexture GL_TEXTURE_2D, $texid;
228 glTexImage2D_c GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA8, 256, 256, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0;
229
230 # find and use the first opencl device that let's us get a shared opengl context
231 my $platform;
232 my $dev;
233 my $ctx;
234
235 for (OpenCL::platforms) {
236 $platform = $_;
237 for ($platform->devices) {
238 $dev = $_;
239 $ctx = $platform->context ([OpenCL::GLX_DISPLAY_KHR, undef, OpenCL::GL_CONTEXT_KHR, undef], [$dev])
240 and last;
241 }
242 }
243
244 $ctx
245 or die "cannot find suitable OpenCL device\n";
246
247 my $queue = $ctx->queue ($dev);
248
249 # now attach an opencl image2d object to the opengl texture
250 my $tex = $ctx->gl_texture2d (OpenCL::MEM_WRITE_ONLY, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, $texid);
251
252 # now the boring opencl code
253 my $src = <<EOF;
254 kernel void
255 juliatunnel (write_only image2d_t img, float time)
256 {
257 float2 p = (float2)(get_global_id (0), get_global_id (1)) / 256.f * 2.f - 1.f;
258
259 float2 m = (float2)(1.f, p.y) / fabs (p.x);
260 m.x = fabs (fmod (m.x + time * 0.05f, 4.f)) - 2.f;
261
262 float2 z = m;
263 float2 c = (float2)(sin (time * 0.05005), cos (time * 0.06001));
264
265 for (int i = 0; i < 25 && dot (z, z) < 4.f; ++i)
266 z = (float2)(z.x * z.x - z.y * z.y, 2.f * z.x * z.y) + c;
267
268 float3 colour = (float3)(z.x, z.y, z.x * z.y);
269 write_imagef (img, (int2)(get_global_id (0), get_global_id (1)), (float4)(colour * p.x * p.x, 1.));
270 }
271 EOF
272 my $prog = $ctx->program_with_source ($src);
273 eval { $prog->build ($dev); 1 }
274 or die $prog->build_log ($dev);
275
276 my $kernel = $prog->kernel ("juliatunnel");
277
278 # program compiled, kernel ready, now draw and loop
279
280 for (my $time; ; ++$time) {
281 # acquire objects from opengl
282 $queue->enqueue_acquire_gl_objects ([$tex]);
283
284 # configure and run our kernel
285 $kernel->set_image2d (0, $tex);
286 $kernel->set_float (1, $time);
287 $queue->enqueue_nd_range_kernel ($kernel, undef, [256, 256], undef);
288
289 # release objects to opengl again
290 $queue->enqueue_release_gl_objects ([$tex]);
291
292 # wait
293 $queue->finish;
294
295 # now draw the texture, the defaults should be all right
296 glTexParameterf GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST;
297
298 glEnable GL_TEXTURE_2D;
299 glBegin GL_QUADS;
300 glTexCoord2f 0, 1; glVertex3i -1, -1, -1;
301 glTexCoord2f 0, 0; glVertex3i 1, -1, -1;
302 glTexCoord2f 1, 0; glVertex3i 1, 1, -1;
303 glTexCoord2f 1, 1; glVertex3i -1, 1, -1;
304 glEnd;
305
306 glXSwapBuffers;
307
308 select undef, undef, undef, 1/60;
309 }
310
130=head1 DOCUMENTATION 311=head1 DOCUMENTATION
131 312
132=head2 BASIC CONVENTIONS 313=head2 BASIC CONVENTIONS
133 314
134This is not a 1:1 C-style translation of OpenCL to Perl - instead I 315This is not a one-to-one C-style translation of OpenCL to Perl - instead
135attempted to make the interface as type-safe as possible and introducing 316I attempted to make the interface as type-safe as possible by introducing
136object syntax where it makes sense. There are a number of important 317object syntax where it makes sense. There are a number of important
137differences between the OpenCL C API and this module: 318differences between the OpenCL C API and this module:
138 319
139=over 4 320=over 4
140 321
141=item * Object lifetime managament is automatic - there is no need 322=item * Object lifetime managament is automatic - there is no need
142to free objects explicitly (C<clReleaseXXX>), the release function 323to free objects explicitly (C<clReleaseXXX>), the release function
143is called automatically once all Perl references to it go away. 324is called automatically once all Perl references to it go away.
144 325
145=item * OpenCL uses CamelCase for function names (C<clGetPlatformInfo>), 326=item * OpenCL uses CamelCase for function names
327(e.g. C<clGetPlatformIDs>, C<clGetPlatformInfo>), while this module
146while this module uses underscores as word separator and often leaves out 328uses underscores as word separator and often leaves out prefixes
147prefixes (C<< $platform->info >>). 329(C<OpenCL::platforms>, C<< $platform->info >>).
148 330
149=item * OpenCL often specifies fixed vector function arguments as short 331=item * OpenCL often specifies fixed vector function arguments as short
150arrays (C<size_t origin[3]>), while this module explicitly expects the 332arrays (C<size_t origin[3]>), while this module explicitly expects the
151components as separate arguments- 333components as separate arguments (C<$orig_x, $orig_y, $orig_z>) in
334function calls.
152 335
153=item * Where possible, the row_pitch value is calculated from the perl 336=item * Structures are often specified by flattening out their components
154scalar length and need not be specified. 337as with short vectors, and returned as arrayrefs.
155 338
156=item * When enqueuing commands, the wait list is specified by adding 339=item * When enqueuing commands, the wait list is specified by adding
157extra arguments to the function - everywhere a C<$wait_events...> argument 340extra arguments to the function - anywhere a C<$wait_events...> argument
158is documented this can be any number of event objects. 341is documented this can be any number of event objects. As an extsnion
342implemented by this module, C<undef> values will be ignored in the event
343list.
159 344
160=item * When enqueuing commands, if the enqueue method is called in void 345=item * When enqueuing commands, if the enqueue method is called in void
161context, no event is created. In all other contexts an event is returned 346context, no event is created. In all other contexts an event is returned
162by the method. 347by the method.
163 348
183 ulong IV - Q 368 ulong IV - Q
184 float NV float f 369 float NV float f
185 half IV ushort S 370 half IV ushort S
186 double NV double d 371 double NV double d
187 372
373=head2 GLX SUPPORT
374
375Due to the sad state that OpenGL support is in in Perl (mostly the OpenGL
376module, which has little to no documentation and has little to no support
377for glX), this module, as a special extension, treats context creation
378properties C<OpenCL::GLX_DISPLAY_KHR> and C<OpenCL::GL_CONTEXT_KHR>
379specially: If either or both of these are C<undef>, then the OpenCL
380module tries to dynamically resolve C<glXGetCurrentDisplay> and
381C<glXGetCurrentContext>, call these functions and use their return values
382instead.
383
384For this to work, the OpenGL library must be loaded, a GLX context must
385have been created and be made current, and C<dlsym> must be available and
386capable of finding the function via C<RTLD_DEFAULT>.
387
188=head2 THE OpenCL PACKAGE 388=head2 THE OpenCL PACKAGE
189 389
190=over 4 390=over 4
191 391
192=item $int = OpenCL::errno 392=item $int = OpenCL::errno
193 393
194The last error returned by a function - it's only changed on errors. 394The last error returned by a function - it's only valid after an error occured
395and before calling another OpenCL function.
195 396
196=item $str = OpenCL::err2str $errval 397=item $str = OpenCL::err2str $errval
197 398
198Comverts an error value into a human readable string. 399Comverts an error value into a human readable string.
199 400
200=item $str = OpenCL::err2str $enum 401=item $str = OpenCL::enum2str $enum
201 402
202Converts most enum values (inof parameter names, image format constants, 403Converts most enum values (of parameter names, image format constants,
203object types, addressing and filter modes, command types etc.) into a 404object types, addressing and filter modes, command types etc.) into a
204human readbale string. When confronted with some random integer it can be 405human readable string. When confronted with some random integer it can be
205very helpful to pass it through this function to maybe get some readable 406very helpful to pass it through this function to maybe get some readable
206string out of it. 407string out of it.
207 408
208=item @platforms = OpenCL::platforms 409=item @platforms = OpenCL::platforms
209 410
210Returns all available OpenCL::Platform objects. 411Returns all available OpenCL::Platform objects.
211 412
212L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetPlatformIDs.html> 413L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetPlatformIDs.html>
213 414
214=item $ctx = OpenCL::context_from_type_simple $type = OpenCL::DEVICE_TYPE_DEFAULT 415=item $ctx = OpenCL::context_from_type $properties, $type = OpenCL::DEVICE_TYPE_DEFAULT, $notify = undef
215 416
216Tries to create a context from a default device and platform - never worked for me. 417Tries to create a context from a default device and platform - never worked for me.
217 418
218L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateContextFromType.html> 419L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateContextFromType.html>
219 420
227 428
228=head2 THE OpenCL::Platform CLASS 429=head2 THE OpenCL::Platform CLASS
229 430
230=over 4 431=over 4
231 432
433=item @devices = $platform->devices ($type = OpenCL::DEVICE_TYPE_ALL)
434
435Returns a list of matching OpenCL::Device objects.
436
437=item $ctx = $platform->context_from_type ($properties, $type = OpenCL::DEVICE_TYPE_DEFAULT, $notify = undef)
438
439Tries to create a context. Never worked for me, and you need devices explicitly anyway.
440
441L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateContextFromType.html>
442
443=item $ctx = $platform->context ($properties = undef, @$devices, $notify = undef)
444
445Create a new OpenCL::Context object using the given device object(s)- a
446CL_CONTEXT_PLATFORM property is supplied automatically.
447
448L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateContext.html>
449
232=item $packed_value = $platform->info ($name) 450=item $packed_value = $platform->info ($name)
233 451
234Calls C<clGetPlatformInfo> and returns the packed, raw value - for 452Calls C<clGetPlatformInfo> and returns the packed, raw value - for
235strings, this will be the string, for other values you probably need to 453strings, this will be the string (possibly including terminating \0), for
236use the correct C<unpack>. This might get improved in the future. Hopefully. 454other values you probably need to use the correct C<unpack>.
455
456It's best to avoid this method and use one of the following convenience
457wrappers.
237 458
238L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetPlatformInfo.html> 459L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetPlatformInfo.html>
239 460
240=item @devices = $platform->devices ($type = OpenCL::DEVICE_TYPE_ALL) 461=for gengetinfo begin platform
241 462
242Returns a list of matching OpenCL::Device objects. 463=item $string = $platform->profile
243 464
244=item $ctx = $platform->context_from_type_simple ($type = OpenCL::DEVICE_TYPE_DEFAULT) 465Calls C<clGetPlatformInfo> with C<CL_PLATFORM_PROFILE> and returns the result.
245 466
246Tries to create a context. Never worked for me. 467=item $string = $platform->version
247 468
248L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateContextFromType.html> 469Calls C<clGetPlatformInfo> with C<CL_PLATFORM_VERSION> and returns the result.
470
471=item $string = $platform->name
472
473Calls C<clGetPlatformInfo> with C<CL_PLATFORM_NAME> and returns the result.
474
475=item $string = $platform->vendor
476
477Calls C<clGetPlatformInfo> with C<CL_PLATFORM_VENDOR> and returns the result.
478
479=item $string = $platform->extensions
480
481Calls C<clGetPlatformInfo> with C<CL_PLATFORM_EXTENSIONS> and returns the result.
482
483=for gengetinfo end platform
249 484
250=back 485=back
251 486
252=head2 THE OpenCL::Device CLASS 487=head2 THE OpenCL::Device CLASS
253 488
257 492
258See C<< $platform->info >> for details. 493See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
259 494
260L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetDeviceInfo.html> 495L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetDeviceInfo.html>
261 496
497=for gengetinfo begin device
498
499=item $device_type = $device->type
500
501Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_TYPE> and returns the result.
502
503=item $uint = $device->vendor_id
504
505Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_VENDOR_ID> and returns the result.
506
507=item $uint = $device->max_compute_units
508
509Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MAX_COMPUTE_UNITS> and returns the result.
510
511=item $uint = $device->max_work_item_dimensions
512
513Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MAX_WORK_ITEM_DIMENSIONS> and returns the result.
514
515=item $int = $device->max_work_group_size
516
517Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MAX_WORK_GROUP_SIZE> and returns the result.
518
519=item @ints = $device->max_work_item_sizes
520
521Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MAX_WORK_ITEM_SIZES> and returns the result.
522
523=item $uint = $device->preferred_vector_width_char
524
525Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_CHAR> and returns the result.
526
527=item $uint = $device->preferred_vector_width_short
528
529Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_SHORT> and returns the result.
530
531=item $uint = $device->preferred_vector_width_int
532
533Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_INT> and returns the result.
534
535=item $uint = $device->preferred_vector_width_long
536
537Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_LONG> and returns the result.
538
539=item $uint = $device->preferred_vector_width_float
540
541Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_FLOAT> and returns the result.
542
543=item $uint = $device->preferred_vector_width_double
544
545Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_DOUBLE> and returns the result.
546
547=item $uint = $device->max_clock_frequency
548
549Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MAX_CLOCK_FREQUENCY> and returns the result.
550
551=item $bitfield = $device->address_bits
552
553Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_ADDRESS_BITS> and returns the result.
554
555=item $uint = $device->max_read_image_args
556
557Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MAX_READ_IMAGE_ARGS> and returns the result.
558
559=item $uint = $device->max_write_image_args
560
561Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MAX_WRITE_IMAGE_ARGS> and returns the result.
562
563=item $ulong = $device->max_mem_alloc_size
564
565Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MAX_MEM_ALLOC_SIZE> and returns the result.
566
567=item $int = $device->image2d_max_width
568
569Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_IMAGE2D_MAX_WIDTH> and returns the result.
570
571=item $int = $device->image2d_max_height
572
573Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_IMAGE2D_MAX_HEIGHT> and returns the result.
574
575=item $int = $device->image3d_max_width
576
577Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_IMAGE3D_MAX_WIDTH> and returns the result.
578
579=item $int = $device->image3d_max_height
580
581Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_IMAGE3D_MAX_HEIGHT> and returns the result.
582
583=item $int = $device->image3d_max_depth
584
585Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_IMAGE3D_MAX_DEPTH> and returns the result.
586
587=item $uint = $device->image_support
588
589Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_IMAGE_SUPPORT> and returns the result.
590
591=item $int = $device->max_parameter_size
592
593Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MAX_PARAMETER_SIZE> and returns the result.
594
262=item $ctx = $device->context_simple 595=item $uint = $device->max_samplers
263 596
264Convenience function to create a new OpenCL::Context object. 597Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MAX_SAMPLERS> and returns the result.
265 598
266L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateContext.html> 599=item $uint = $device->mem_base_addr_align
600
601Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MEM_BASE_ADDR_ALIGN> and returns the result.
602
603=item $uint = $device->min_data_type_align_size
604
605Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MIN_DATA_TYPE_ALIGN_SIZE> and returns the result.
606
607=item $device_fp_config = $device->single_fp_config
608
609Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_SINGLE_FP_CONFIG> and returns the result.
610
611=item $device_mem_cache_type = $device->global_mem_cache_type
612
613Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_CACHE_TYPE> and returns the result.
614
615=item $uint = $device->global_mem_cacheline_size
616
617Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_CACHELINE_SIZE> and returns the result.
618
619=item $ulong = $device->global_mem_cache_size
620
621Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_CACHE_SIZE> and returns the result.
622
623=item $ulong = $device->global_mem_size
624
625Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_MEM_SIZE> and returns the result.
626
627=item $ulong = $device->max_constant_buffer_size
628
629Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MAX_CONSTANT_BUFFER_SIZE> and returns the result.
630
631=item $uint = $device->max_constant_args
632
633Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_MAX_CONSTANT_ARGS> and returns the result.
634
635=item $device_local_mem_type = $device->local_mem_type
636
637Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_LOCAL_MEM_TYPE> and returns the result.
638
639=item $ulong = $device->local_mem_size
640
641Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_LOCAL_MEM_SIZE> and returns the result.
642
643=item $boolean = $device->error_correction_support
644
645Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_ERROR_CORRECTION_SUPPORT> and returns the result.
646
647=item $int = $device->profiling_timer_resolution
648
649Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_PROFILING_TIMER_RESOLUTION> and returns the result.
650
651=item $boolean = $device->endian_little
652
653Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_ENDIAN_LITTLE> and returns the result.
654
655=item $boolean = $device->available
656
657Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_AVAILABLE> and returns the result.
658
659=item $boolean = $device->compiler_available
660
661Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_COMPILER_AVAILABLE> and returns the result.
662
663=item $device_exec_capabilities = $device->execution_capabilities
664
665Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_EXECUTION_CAPABILITIES> and returns the result.
666
667=item $command_queue_properties = $device->properties
668
669Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_QUEUE_PROPERTIES> and returns the result.
670
671=item $ = $device->platform
672
673Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_PLATFORM> and returns the result.
674
675=item $string = $device->name
676
677Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_NAME> and returns the result.
678
679=item $string = $device->vendor
680
681Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_VENDOR> and returns the result.
682
683=item $string = $device->driver_version
684
685Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DRIVER_VERSION> and returns the result.
686
687=item $string = $device->profile
688
689Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_PROFILE> and returns the result.
690
691=item $string = $device->version
692
693Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_VERSION> and returns the result.
694
695=item $string = $device->extensions
696
697Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_EXTENSIONS> and returns the result.
698
699=item $uint = $device->preferred_vector_width_half
700
701Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_PREFERRED_VECTOR_WIDTH_HALF> and returns the result.
702
703=item $uint = $device->native_vector_width_char
704
705Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_CHAR> and returns the result.
706
707=item $uint = $device->native_vector_width_short
708
709Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_SHORT> and returns the result.
710
711=item $uint = $device->native_vector_width_int
712
713Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_INT> and returns the result.
714
715=item $uint = $device->native_vector_width_long
716
717Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_LONG> and returns the result.
718
719=item $uint = $device->native_vector_width_float
720
721Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_FLOAT> and returns the result.
722
723=item $uint = $device->native_vector_width_double
724
725Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_DOUBLE> and returns the result.
726
727=item $uint = $device->native_vector_width_half
728
729Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_NATIVE_VECTOR_WIDTH_HALF> and returns the result.
730
731=item $device_fp_config = $device->double_fp_config
732
733Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_DOUBLE_FP_CONFIG> and returns the result.
734
735=item $device_fp_config = $device->half_fp_config
736
737Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_HALF_FP_CONFIG> and returns the result.
738
739=item $boolean = $device->host_unified_memory
740
741Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_HOST_UNIFIED_MEMORY> and returns the result.
742
743=item $device = $device->parent_device_ext
744
745Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_PARENT_DEVICE_EXT> and returns the result.
746
747=item @device_partition_property_exts = $device->partition_types_ext
748
749Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_PARTITION_TYPES_EXT> and returns the result.
750
751=item @device_partition_property_exts = $device->affinity_domains_ext
752
753Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_AFFINITY_DOMAINS_EXT> and returns the result.
754
755=item $uint = $device->reference_count_ext
756
757Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_REFERENCE_COUNT_EXT > and returns the result.
758
759=item @device_partition_property_exts = $device->partition_style_ext
760
761Calls C<clGetDeviceInfo> with C<CL_DEVICE_PARTITION_STYLE_EXT> and returns the result.
762
763=for gengetinfo end device
267 764
268=back 765=back
269 766
270=head2 THE OpenCL::Context CLASS 767=head2 THE OpenCL::Context CLASS
271 768
272=over 4 769=over 4
273 770
274=item $packed_value = $ctx->info ($name) 771=item $queue = $ctx->queue ($device, $properties)
275 772
276See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
277
278L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetContextInfo.html>
279
280=item $queue = $ctx->command_queue_simple ($device)
281
282Convenience function to create a new OpenCL::Queue object from the context and the given device. 773Create a new OpenCL::Queue object from the context and the given device.
283 774
284L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateCommandQueue.html> 775L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateCommandQueue.html>
285 776
777Example: create an out-of-order queue.
778
779 $queue = $ctx->queue ($device, OpenCL::QUEUE_OUT_OF_ORDER_EXEC_MODE_ENABLE);
780
286=item $ev = $ctx->user_event 781=item $ev = $ctx->user_event
287 782
288Creates a new OpenCL::UserEvent object. 783Creates a new OpenCL::UserEvent object.
289 784
290L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateUserEvent.html> 785L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateUserEvent.html>
291 786
292=item $buf = $ctx->buffer ($flags, $len) 787=item $buf = $ctx->buffer ($flags, $len)
293 788
294Creates a new OpenCL::Buffer object with the given flags and octet-size. 789Creates a new OpenCL::Buffer (actually OpenCL::BufferObj) object with the
790given flags and octet-size.
295 791
296L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateBuffer.html> 792L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateBuffer.html>
297 793
298=item $buf = $ctx->buffer_sv ($flags, $data) 794=item $buf = $ctx->buffer_sv ($flags, $data)
299 795
300Creates a new OpenCL::Buffer object and initialise it with the given data values. 796Creates a new OpenCL::Buffer (actually OpenCL::BufferObj) object and
797initialise it with the given data values.
301 798
302=item $img = $ctx->image2d ($flags, $channel_order, $channel_type, $width, $height, $data) 799=item $img = $ctx->image2d ($flags, $channel_order, $channel_type, $width, $height, $row_pitch = 0, $data = undef)
303 800
304Creates a new OpenCL::Image2D object and optionally initialises it with the given data values. 801Creates a new OpenCL::Image2D object and optionally initialises it with
802the given data values.
305 803
306L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateImage2D.html> 804L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateImage2D.html>
307 805
308=item $img = $ctx->image3d ($flags, $channel_order, $channel_type, $width, $height, $depth, $slice_pitch, $data) 806=item $img = $ctx->image3d ($flags, $channel_order, $channel_type, $width, $height, $depth, $row_pitch = 0, $slice_pitch = 0, $data = undef)
309 807
310Creates a new OpenCL::Image3D object and optionally initialises it with the given data values. 808Creates a new OpenCL::Image3D object and optionally initialises it with
809the given data values.
311 810
312L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateImage3D.html> 811L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateImage3D.html>
812
813=item $buffer = $ctx->gl_buffer ($flags, $bufobj)
814
815Creates a new OpenCL::Buffer (actually OpenCL::BufferObj) object that refers to the given
816OpenGL buffer object.
817
818http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateFromGLBuffer.html
819
820=item $ctx->gl_texture2d ($flags, $target, $miplevel, $texture)
821
822Creates a new OpenCL::Image2D object that refers to the given OpenGL
8232D texture object.
824
825http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateFromGLTexture2D.html
826
827=item $ctx->gl_texture3d ($flags, $target, $miplevel, $texture)
828
829Creates a new OpenCL::Image3D object that refers to the given OpenGL
8303D texture object.
831
832http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateFromGLTexture3D.html
833
834=item $ctx->gl_renderbuffer ($flags, $renderbuffer)
835
836Creates a new OpenCL::Image2D object that refers to the given OpenGL
837render buffer.
838
839http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateFromGLRenderbuffer.html
313 840
314=item @formats = $ctx->supported_image_formats ($flags, $image_type) 841=item @formats = $ctx->supported_image_formats ($flags, $image_type)
315 842
316Returns a list of matching image formats - each format is an arrayref with 843Returns a list of matching image formats - each format is an arrayref with
317two values, $channel_order and $channel_type, in it. 844two values, $channel_order and $channel_type, in it.
327=item $program = $ctx->program_with_source ($string) 854=item $program = $ctx->program_with_source ($string)
328 855
329Creates a new OpenCL::Program object from the given source code. 856Creates a new OpenCL::Program object from the given source code.
330 857
331L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateProgramWithSource.html> 858L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateProgramWithSource.html>
859
860=item $packed_value = $ctx->info ($name)
861
862See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
863
864L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetContextInfo.html>
865
866=for gengetinfo begin context
867
868=item $uint = $context->reference_count
869
870Calls C<clGetContextInfo> with C<CL_CONTEXT_REFERENCE_COUNT> and returns the result.
871
872=item @devices = $context->devices
873
874Calls C<clGetContextInfo> with C<CL_CONTEXT_DEVICES> and returns the result.
875
876=item @property_ints = $context->properties
877
878Calls C<clGetContextInfo> with C<CL_CONTEXT_PROPERTIES> and returns the result.
879
880=item $uint = $context->num_devices
881
882Calls C<clGetContextInfo> with C<CL_CONTEXT_NUM_DEVICES> and returns the result.
883
884=for gengetinfo end context
332 885
333=back 886=back
334 887
335=head2 THE OpenCL::Queue CLASS 888=head2 THE OpenCL::Queue CLASS
336 889
342for completion, unless the method is called in void context, in which case 895for completion, unless the method is called in void context, in which case
343no event object is created. 896no event object is created.
344 897
345They also allow you to specify any number of other event objects that this 898They also allow you to specify any number of other event objects that this
346request has to wait for before it starts executing, by simply passing the 899request has to wait for before it starts executing, by simply passing the
347event objects as extra parameters to the enqueue methods. 900event objects as extra parameters to the enqueue methods. To simplify
901program design, this module ignores any C<undef> values in the list of
902events. This makes it possible to code operations such as this, without
903having to put a valid event object into C<$event> first:
904
905 $event = $queue->enqueue_xxx (..., $event);
348 906
349Queues execute in-order by default, without any parallelism, so in most 907Queues execute in-order by default, without any parallelism, so in most
350cases (i.e. you use only one queue) it's not necessary to wait for or 908cases (i.e. you use only one queue) it's not necessary to wait for or
351create event objects. 909create event objects, althoguh an our of order queue is often a bit
910faster.
352 911
353=over 4 912=over 4
354 913
355=item $packed_value = $ctx->info ($name)
356
357See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
358
359L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetCommandQueueInfo.html>
360
361=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_read_buffer ($buffer, $blocking, $offset, $len, $data, $wait_events...) 914=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_read_buffer ($buffer, $blocking, $offset, $len, $data, $wait_events...)
362 915
363Reads data from buffer into the given string. 916Reads data from buffer into the given string.
364 917
365L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueReadBuffer.html> 918L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueReadBuffer.html>
372 925
373=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_copy_buffer ($src, $dst, $src_offset, $dst_offset, $len, $wait_events...) 926=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_copy_buffer ($src, $dst, $src_offset, $dst_offset, $len, $wait_events...)
374 927
375L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyBuffer.html> 928L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyBuffer.html>
376 929
930=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_read_buffer_rect (OpenCL::Memory buf, cl_bool blocking, $buf_x, $buf_y, $buf_z, $host_x, $host_y, $host_z, $width, $height, $depth, $buf_row_pitch, $buf_slice_pitch, $host_row_pitch, $host_slice_pitch, $data, $wait_events...)
931
932http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueReadBufferRect.html
933
934=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_write_buffer_rect (OpenCL::Memory buf, cl_bool blocking, $buf_x, $buf_y, $buf_z, $host_x, $host_y, $host_z, $width, $height, $depth, $buf_row_pitch, $buf_slice_pitch, $host_row_pitch, $host_slice_pitch, $data, $wait_events...)
935
936http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueWriteBufferRect.html
937
377=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_read_image ($src, $blocking, $x, $y, $z, $width, $height, $depth, $row_pitch, $slice_pitch, $data, $wait_events...) 938=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_read_image ($src, $blocking, $x, $y, $z, $width, $height, $depth, $row_pitch, $slice_pitch, $data, $wait_events...)
378 939
940L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyBufferRect.html>
941
942=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_copy_buffer_to_image ($src_buffer, $dst_image, $src_offset, $dst_x, $dst_y, $dst_z, $width, $height, $depth, $wait_events...)
943
379L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueReadImage.html> 944L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueReadImage.html>
380 945
381=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_write_image ($src, $blocking, $x, $y, $z, $width, $height, $depth, $row_pitch, $data, $wait_events...) 946=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_write_image ($src, $blocking, $x, $y, $z, $width, $height, $depth, $row_pitch, $slice_pitch, $data, $wait_events...)
382 947
383L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueWriteImage.html> 948L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueWriteImage.html>
384 949
950=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_copy_image ($src_image, $dst_image, $src_x, $src_y, $src_z, $dst_x, $dst_y, $dst_z, $width, $height, $depth, $wait_events...)
951
952L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyImage.html>
953
954=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_copy_image_to_buffer ($src_image, $dst_image, $src_x, $src_y, $src_z, $width, $height, $depth, $dst_offset, $wait_events...)
955
956L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyImageToBuffer.html>
957
385=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_copy_buffer_rect ($src, $dst, $src_x, $src_y, $src_z, $dst_x, $dst_y, $dst_z, $width, $height, $depth, $src_row_pitch, $src_slice_pitch, 4dst_row_pitch, $dst_slice_pitch, $ait_event...) 958=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_copy_buffer_rect ($src, $dst, $src_x, $src_y, $src_z, $dst_x, $dst_y, $dst_z, $width, $height, $depth, $src_row_pitch, $src_slice_pitch, $dst_row_pitch, $dst_slice_pitch, $wait_event...)
386 959
387Yeah. 960Yeah.
388 961
389L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyBufferRect.html>
390
391=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_copy_buffer_to_image (OpenCL::Buffer src, OpenCL::Image dst, size_t src_offset, size_t dst_x, size_t dst_y, size_t dst_z, size_t width, size_t height, size_t depth, ...)
392
393L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyBufferToImage.html>. 962L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyBufferToImage.html>.
394
395=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_copy_image (OpenCL::Image src, OpenCL::Buffer dst, size_t src_x, size_t src_y, size_t src_z, size_t dst_x, size_t dst_y, size_t dst_z, size_t width, size_t height, size_t depth, ...)
396
397L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyImage.html>
398
399=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_copy_image_to_buffer (OpenCL::Image src, OpenCL::Buffer dst, size_t src_x, size_t src_y, size_t src_z, size_t width, size_t height, size_t depth, size_t dst_offset, ...)
400
401L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyImageToBuffer.html>
402 963
403=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_task ($kernel, $wait_events...) 964=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_task ($kernel, $wait_events...)
404 965
405L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueTask.html> 966L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueTask.html>
406 967
420reference to an array of local work sizes, with the same number of 981reference to an array of local work sizes, with the same number of
421elements as @$global_work_size. 982elements as @$global_work_size.
422 983
423L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueNDRangeKernel.html> 984L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueNDRangeKernel.html>
424 985
425=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_marker 986=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_marker ($wait_events...)
426 987
427L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueMarker.html> 988L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueMarker.html>
428 989
990=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_acquire_gl_objects ([object, ...], $wait_events...)
991
992Enqueues a list (an array-ref of OpenCL::Memory objects) to be acquired
993for subsequent OpenCL usage.
994
995L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueAcquireGLObjects.html>
996
997=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_release_gl_objects ([object, ...], $wait_events...)
998
999Enqueues a list (an array-ref of OpenCL::Memory objects) to be released
1000for subsequent OpenGL usage.
1001
1002L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueReleaseGLObjects.html>
1003
429=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_wait_for_events ($wait_events...) 1004=item $ev = $queue->enqueue_wait_for_events ($wait_events...)
430 1005
431L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueWaitForEvents.html> 1006L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueWaitForEvents.html>
432 1007
433=item $queue->enqueue_barrier 1008=item $queue->enqueue_barrier
440 1015
441=item $queue->finish 1016=item $queue->finish
442 1017
443L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clFinish.html> 1018L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clFinish.html>
444 1019
1020=item $packed_value = $queue->info ($name)
1021
1022See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
1023
1024L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetCommandQueueInfo.html>
1025
1026=for gengetinfo begin command_queue
1027
1028=item $ctx = $command_queue->context
1029
1030Calls C<clGetCommandQueueInfo> with C<CL_QUEUE_CONTEXT> and returns the result.
1031
1032=item $device = $command_queue->device
1033
1034Calls C<clGetCommandQueueInfo> with C<CL_QUEUE_DEVICE> and returns the result.
1035
1036=item $uint = $command_queue->reference_count
1037
1038Calls C<clGetCommandQueueInfo> with C<CL_QUEUE_REFERENCE_COUNT> and returns the result.
1039
1040=item $command_queue_properties = $command_queue->properties
1041
1042Calls C<clGetCommandQueueInfo> with C<CL_QUEUE_PROPERTIES> and returns the result.
1043
1044=for gengetinfo end command_queue
1045
445=back 1046=back
446 1047
447=head2 THE OpenCL::Memory CLASS 1048=head2 THE OpenCL::Memory CLASS
448 1049
449This the superclass of all memory objects - OpenCL::Buffer, OpenCL::Image, 1050This the superclass of all memory objects - OpenCL::Buffer, OpenCL::Image,
450OpenCL::Image2D and OpenCL::Image3D. The subclasses of this class 1051OpenCL::Image2D and OpenCL::Image3D.
451currently only exist to allow type-checking.
452 1052
453=over 4 1053=over 4
454 1054
455=item $packed_value = $memory->info ($name) 1055=item $packed_value = $memory->info ($name)
456 1056
457See C<< $platform->info >> for details. 1057See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
458 1058
459L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetMemObjectInfo.html> 1059L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetMemObjectInfo.html>
460 1060
1061=for gengetinfo begin mem
1062
1063=item $mem_object_type = $mem->type
1064
1065Calls C<clGetMemObjectInfo> with C<CL_MEM_TYPE> and returns the result.
1066
1067=item $mem_flags = $mem->flags
1068
1069Calls C<clGetMemObjectInfo> with C<CL_MEM_FLAGS> and returns the result.
1070
1071=item $int = $mem->size
1072
1073Calls C<clGetMemObjectInfo> with C<CL_MEM_SIZE> and returns the result.
1074
1075=item $ptr_value = $mem->host_ptr
1076
1077Calls C<clGetMemObjectInfo> with C<CL_MEM_HOST_PTR> and returns the result.
1078
1079=item $uint = $mem->map_count
1080
1081Calls C<clGetMemObjectInfo> with C<CL_MEM_MAP_COUNT> and returns the result.
1082
1083=item $uint = $mem->reference_count
1084
1085Calls C<clGetMemObjectInfo> with C<CL_MEM_REFERENCE_COUNT> and returns the result.
1086
1087=item $ctx = $mem->context
1088
1089Calls C<clGetMemObjectInfo> with C<CL_MEM_CONTEXT> and returns the result.
1090
1091=item $mem = $mem->associated_memobject
1092
1093Calls C<clGetMemObjectInfo> with C<CL_MEM_ASSOCIATED_MEMOBJECT> and returns the result.
1094
1095=item $int = $mem->offset
1096
1097Calls C<clGetMemObjectInfo> with C<CL_MEM_OFFSET> and returns the result.
1098
1099=for gengetinfo end mem
1100
1101=item ($type, $name) = $mem->gl_object_info
1102
1103Returns the OpenGL object type (e.g. OpenCL::GL_OBJECT_TEXTURE2D) and the
1104object "name" (e.g. the texture name) used to create this memory object.
1105
1106L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetGLObjectInfo.html>
1107
461=back 1108=back
462 1109
1110=head2 THE OpenCL::Buffer CLASS
1111
1112This is a subclass of OpenCL::Memory, and the superclass of
1113OpenCL::BufferObj. Its purpose is simply to distinguish between buffers
1114and sub-buffers.
1115
1116=head2 THE OpenCL::BufferObj CLASS
1117
1118This is a subclass of OpenCL::Buffer and thus OpenCL::Memory. It exists
1119because one cna create sub buffers of OpenLC::BufferObj objects, but not
1120sub buffers from these sub buffers.
1121
1122=over 4
1123
1124=item $subbuf = $buf_obj->sub_buffer_region ($flags, $origin, $size)
1125
1126Creates an OpenCL::Buffer objects from this buffer and returns it. The
1127C<buffer_create_type> is assumed to be C<CL_BUFFER_CREATE_TYPE_REGION>.
1128
1129L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateSubBuffer.html>
1130
1131=back
1132
1133=head2 THE OpenCL::Image CLASS
1134
1135This is the superclass of all image objects - OpenCL::Image2D and OpenCL::Image3D.
1136
1137=over 4
1138
1139=item $packed_value = $ev->image_info ($name)
1140
1141See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
1142
1143The reason this method is not called C<info> is that there already is an
1144C<< ->info >> method inherited from C<OpenCL::Memory>.
1145
1146L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetImageInfo.html>
1147
1148=for gengetinfo begin image
1149
1150=item $int = $image->element_size
1151
1152Calls C<clGetImageInfo> with C<CL_IMAGE_ELEMENT_SIZE> and returns the result.
1153
1154=item $int = $image->row_pitch
1155
1156Calls C<clGetImageInfo> with C<CL_IMAGE_ROW_PITCH> and returns the result.
1157
1158=item $int = $image->slice_pitch
1159
1160Calls C<clGetImageInfo> with C<CL_IMAGE_SLICE_PITCH> and returns the result.
1161
1162=item $int = $image->width
1163
1164Calls C<clGetImageInfo> with C<CL_IMAGE_WIDTH> and returns the result.
1165
1166=item $int = $image->height
1167
1168Calls C<clGetImageInfo> with C<CL_IMAGE_HEIGHT> and returns the result.
1169
1170=item $int = $image->depth
1171
1172Calls C<clGetImageInfo> with C<CL_IMAGE_DEPTH> and returns the result.
1173
1174=for gengetinfo end image
1175
1176=for gengetinfo begin gl_texture
1177
1178=item $GLenum = $gl_texture->target
1179
1180Calls C<clGetGLTextureInfo> with C<CL_GL_TEXTURE_TARGET> and returns the result.
1181
1182=item $GLint = $gl_texture->gl_mipmap_level
1183
1184Calls C<clGetGLTextureInfo> with C<CL_GL_MIPMAP_LEVEL> and returns the result.
1185
1186=for gengetinfo end gl_texture
1187
1188=back
1189
463=head2 THE OpenCL::Sampler CLASS 1190=head2 THE OpenCL::Sampler CLASS
464 1191
465=over 4 1192=over 4
466 1193
467=item $packed_value = $sampler->info ($name) 1194=item $packed_value = $sampler->info ($name)
468 1195
469See C<< $platform->info >> for details. 1196See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
470 1197
471L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetSamplerInfo.html> 1198L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetSamplerInfo.html>
472 1199
1200=for gengetinfo begin sampler
1201
1202=item $uint = $sampler->reference_count
1203
1204Calls C<clGetSamplerInfo> with C<CL_SAMPLER_REFERENCE_COUNT> and returns the result.
1205
1206=item $ctx = $sampler->context
1207
1208Calls C<clGetSamplerInfo> with C<CL_SAMPLER_CONTEXT> and returns the result.
1209
1210=item $addressing_mode = $sampler->normalized_coords
1211
1212Calls C<clGetSamplerInfo> with C<CL_SAMPLER_NORMALIZED_COORDS> and returns the result.
1213
1214=item $filter_mode = $sampler->addressing_mode
1215
1216Calls C<clGetSamplerInfo> with C<CL_SAMPLER_ADDRESSING_MODE> and returns the result.
1217
1218=item $boolean = $sampler->filter_mode
1219
1220Calls C<clGetSamplerInfo> with C<CL_SAMPLER_FILTER_MODE> and returns the result.
1221
1222=for gengetinfo end sampler
1223
473=back 1224=back
474 1225
475=head2 THE OpenCL::Program CLASS 1226=head2 THE OpenCL::Program CLASS
476 1227
477=over 4 1228=over 4
478
479=item $packed_value = $program->info ($name)
480
481See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
482
483L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetProgramInfo.html>
484 1229
485=item $program->build ($device, $options = "") 1230=item $program->build ($device, $options = "")
486 1231
487Tries to build the program with the givne options. 1232Tries to build the program with the givne options.
488 1233
500Creates an OpenCL::Kernel object out of the named C<__kernel> function in 1245Creates an OpenCL::Kernel object out of the named C<__kernel> function in
501the program. 1246the program.
502 1247
503L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateKernel.html> 1248L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateKernel.html>
504 1249
1250=for gengetinfo begin program_build
1251
1252=item $build_status = $program->build_status ($device)
1253
1254Calls C<clGetProgramBuildInfo> with C<CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_STATUS> and returns the result.
1255
1256=item $string = $program->build_options ($device)
1257
1258Calls C<clGetProgramBuildInfo> with C<CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_OPTIONS> and returns the result.
1259
1260=item $string = $program->build_log ($device)
1261
1262Calls C<clGetProgramBuildInfo> with C<CL_PROGRAM_BUILD_LOG> and returns the result.
1263
1264=for gengetinfo end program_build
1265
1266=item $packed_value = $program->info ($name)
1267
1268See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
1269
1270L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetProgramInfo.html>
1271
1272=for gengetinfo begin program
1273
1274=item $uint = $program->reference_count
1275
1276Calls C<clGetProgramInfo> with C<CL_PROGRAM_REFERENCE_COUNT> and returns the result.
1277
1278=item $ctx = $program->context
1279
1280Calls C<clGetProgramInfo> with C<CL_PROGRAM_CONTEXT> and returns the result.
1281
1282=item $uint = $program->num_devices
1283
1284Calls C<clGetProgramInfo> with C<CL_PROGRAM_NUM_DEVICES> and returns the result.
1285
1286=item @devices = $program->devices
1287
1288Calls C<clGetProgramInfo> with C<CL_PROGRAM_DEVICES> and returns the result.
1289
1290=item $string = $program->source
1291
1292Calls C<clGetProgramInfo> with C<CL_PROGRAM_SOURCE> and returns the result.
1293
1294=item @ints = $program->binary_sizes
1295
1296Calls C<clGetProgramInfo> with C<CL_PROGRAM_BINARY_SIZES> and returns the result.
1297
1298=for gengetinfo end program
1299
1300=item @blobs = $program->binaries
1301
1302Returns a string for the compiled binary for every device associated with
1303the program, empty strings indicate missing programs, and an empty result
1304means no program binaries are available.
1305
1306These "binaries" are often, in fact, informative low-level assembly
1307sources.
1308
1309L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetProgramInfo.html>
1310
505=back 1311=back
506 1312
507=head2 THE OpenCL::Kernel CLASS 1313=head2 THE OpenCL::Kernel CLASS
508 1314
509=over 4 1315=over 4
511=item $packed_value = $kernel->info ($name) 1317=item $packed_value = $kernel->info ($name)
512 1318
513See C<< $platform->info >> for details. 1319See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
514 1320
515L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetKernelInfo.html> 1321L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetKernelInfo.html>
1322
1323=for gengetinfo begin kernel
1324
1325=item $string = $kernel->function_name
1326
1327Calls C<clGetKernelInfo> with C<CL_KERNEL_FUNCTION_NAME> and returns the result.
1328
1329=item $uint = $kernel->num_args
1330
1331Calls C<clGetKernelInfo> with C<CL_KERNEL_NUM_ARGS> and returns the result.
1332
1333=item $uint = $kernel->reference_count
1334
1335Calls C<clGetKernelInfo> with C<CL_KERNEL_REFERENCE_COUNT> and returns the result.
1336
1337=item $ctx = $kernel->context
1338
1339Calls C<clGetKernelInfo> with C<CL_KERNEL_CONTEXT> and returns the result.
1340
1341=item $program = $kernel->program
1342
1343Calls C<clGetKernelInfo> with C<CL_KERNEL_PROGRAM> and returns the result.
1344
1345=for gengetinfo end kernel
1346
1347=item $packed_value = $kernel->work_group_info ($device, $name)
1348
1349See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
1350
1351The reason this method is not called C<info> is that there already is an
1352C<< ->info >> method.
1353
1354L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetKernelWorkGroupInfo.html>
1355
1356=for gengetinfo begin kernel_work_group
1357
1358=item $int = $kernel->work_group_size ($device)
1359
1360Calls C<clGetKernelWorkGroupInfo> with C<CL_KERNEL_WORK_GROUP_SIZE> and returns the result.
1361
1362=item @ints = $kernel->compile_work_group_size ($device)
1363
1364Calls C<clGetKernelWorkGroupInfo> with C<CL_KERNEL_COMPILE_WORK_GROUP_SIZE> and returns the result.
1365
1366=item $ulong = $kernel->local_mem_size ($device)
1367
1368Calls C<clGetKernelWorkGroupInfo> with C<CL_KERNEL_LOCAL_MEM_SIZE> and returns the result.
1369
1370=item $int = $kernel->preferred_work_group_size_multiple ($device)
1371
1372Calls C<clGetKernelWorkGroupInfo> with C<CL_KERNEL_PREFERRED_WORK_GROUP_SIZE_MULTIPLE> and returns the result.
1373
1374=item $ulong = $kernel->private_mem_size ($device)
1375
1376Calls C<clGetKernelWorkGroupInfo> with C<CL_KERNEL_PRIVATE_MEM_SIZE> and returns the result.
1377
1378=for gengetinfo end kernel_work_group
516 1379
517=item $kernel->set_TYPE ($index, $value) 1380=item $kernel->set_TYPE ($index, $value)
518 1381
519This is a family of methods to set the kernel argument with the number C<$index> to the give C<$value>. 1382This is a family of methods to set the kernel argument with the number C<$index> to the give C<$value>.
520 1383
521TYPE is one of C<char>, C<uchar>, C<short>, C<ushort>, C<int>, C<uint>, 1384TYPE is one of C<char>, C<uchar>, C<short>, C<ushort>, C<int>, C<uint>,
522C<long>, C<ulong>, C<half>, C<float>, C<double>, C<memory>, C<buffer>, 1385C<long>, C<ulong>, C<half>, C<float>, C<double>, C<memory>, C<buffer>,
523C<image2d>, C<image3d>, C<sampler> or C<event>. 1386C<image2d>, C<image3d>, C<sampler>, C<local> or C<event>.
524 1387
525Chars and integers (including the half type) are specified as integers, 1388Chars and integers (including the half type) are specified as integers,
526float and double as floating point values, memory/buffer/image2d/image3d 1389float and double as floating point values, memory/buffer/image2d/image3d
527must be an object of that type or C<undef>, and sampler and event must be 1390must be an object of that type or C<undef>, local-memory arguments are
528objects of that type. 1391set by specifying the size, and sampler and event must be objects of that
1392type.
529 1393
530L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clSetKernelArg.html> 1394L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clSetKernelArg.html>
531 1395
532=back 1396=back
533 1397
536This is the superclass for all event objects (including OpenCL::UserEvent 1400This is the superclass for all event objects (including OpenCL::UserEvent
537objects). 1401objects).
538 1402
539=over 4 1403=over 4
540 1404
1405=item $ev->wait
1406
1407Waits for the event to complete.
1408
1409L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clWaitForEvents.html>
1410
541=item $packed_value = $ev->info ($name) 1411=item $packed_value = $ev->info ($name)
542 1412
543See C<< $platform->info >> for details. 1413See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
544 1414
545L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetEventInfo.html> 1415L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetEventInfo.html>
546 1416
547=item $ev->wait 1417=for gengetinfo begin event
548 1418
549Waits for the event to complete. 1419=item $queue = $event->command_queue
550 1420
1421Calls C<clGetEventInfo> with C<CL_EVENT_COMMAND_QUEUE> and returns the result.
1422
1423=item $command_type = $event->command_type
1424
1425Calls C<clGetEventInfo> with C<CL_EVENT_COMMAND_TYPE> and returns the result.
1426
1427=item $uint = $event->reference_count
1428
1429Calls C<clGetEventInfo> with C<CL_EVENT_REFERENCE_COUNT> and returns the result.
1430
1431=item $uint = $event->command_execution_status
1432
1433Calls C<clGetEventInfo> with C<CL_EVENT_COMMAND_EXECUTION_STATUS> and returns the result.
1434
1435=item $ctx = $event->context
1436
1437Calls C<clGetEventInfo> with C<CL_EVENT_CONTEXT> and returns the result.
1438
1439=for gengetinfo end event
1440
1441=item $packed_value = $ev->profiling_info ($name)
1442
1443See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
1444
1445The reason this method is not called C<info> is that there already is an
1446C<< ->info >> method.
1447
551L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clWaitForEvents.html> 1448L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clGetProfilingInfo.html>
1449
1450=for gengetinfo begin profiling
1451
1452=item $ulong = $event->profiling_command_queued
1453
1454Calls C<clGetEventProfilingInfo> with C<CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_QUEUED> and returns the result.
1455
1456=item $ulong = $event->profiling_command_submit
1457
1458Calls C<clGetEventProfilingInfo> with C<CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_SUBMIT> and returns the result.
1459
1460=item $ulong = $event->profiling_command_start
1461
1462Calls C<clGetEventProfilingInfo> with C<CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_START> and returns the result.
1463
1464=item $ulong = $event->profiling_command_end
1465
1466Calls C<clGetEventProfilingInfo> with C<CL_PROFILING_COMMAND_END> and returns the result.
1467
1468=for gengetinfo end profiling
552 1469
553=back 1470=back
554 1471
555=head2 THE OpenCL::UserEvent CLASS 1472=head2 THE OpenCL::UserEvent CLASS
556 1473
569package OpenCL; 1486package OpenCL;
570 1487
571use common::sense; 1488use common::sense;
572 1489
573BEGIN { 1490BEGIN {
574 our $VERSION = '0.03'; 1491 our $VERSION = '0.96';
575 1492
576 require XSLoader; 1493 require XSLoader;
577 XSLoader::load (__PACKAGE__, $VERSION); 1494 XSLoader::load (__PACKAGE__, $VERSION);
578 1495
579 @OpenCL::Buffer::ISA = 1496 @OpenCL::Buffer::ISA =
580 @OpenCL::Image::ISA = OpenCL::Memory::; 1497 @OpenCL::Image::ISA = OpenCL::Memory::;
581 1498
1499 @OpenCL::BufferObj::ISA = OpenCL::Buffer::;
1500
582 @OpenCL::Image2D::ISA = 1501 @OpenCL::Image2D::ISA =
583 @OpenCL::Image3D::ISA = OpenCL::Image::; 1502 @OpenCL::Image3D::ISA = OpenCL::Image::;
584 1503
585 @OpenCL::UserEvent::ISA = OpenCL::Event::; 1504 @OpenCL::UserEvent::ISA = OpenCL::Event::;
586} 1505}
587 1506
5881; 15071;
589 1508
590=head1 AUTHOR 1509=head1 AUTHOR

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