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Revision 1.70 by root, Thu May 3 23:32:47 2012 UTC

212 $ev->wait; 212 $ev->wait;
213 213
214=head2 Use the OpenGL module to share a texture between OpenCL and OpenGL and draw some julia 214=head2 Use the OpenGL module to share a texture between OpenCL and OpenGL and draw some julia
215set tunnel effect. 215set tunnel effect.
216 216
217This is quite a long example to get you going. 217This is quite a long example to get you going - you can download it from
218L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/OpenCL/examples/juliaflight>.
218 219
219 use OpenGL ":all"; 220 use OpenGL ":all";
220 use OpenCL; 221 use OpenCL;
221 222
223 my $S = $ARGV[0] || 256; # window/texture size, smaller is faster
224
222 # open a window and create a gl texture 225 # open a window and create a gl texture
223 OpenGL::glpOpenWindow width => 256, height => 256; 226 OpenGL::glpOpenWindow width => $S, height => $S;
224 my $texid = glGenTextures_p 1; 227 my $texid = glGenTextures_p 1;
225 glBindTexture GL_TEXTURE_2D, $texid; 228 glBindTexture GL_TEXTURE_2D, $texid;
226 glTexImage2D_c GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA8, 256, 256, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0; 229 glTexImage2D_c GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA8, $S, $S, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0;
227 230
228 # find and use the first opencl device that let's us get a shared opengl context 231 # find and use the first opencl device that let's us get a shared opengl context
229 my $platform; 232 my $platform;
230 my $dev; 233 my $dev;
231 my $ctx; 234 my $ctx;
250 # now the boring opencl code 253 # now the boring opencl code
251 my $src = <<EOF; 254 my $src = <<EOF;
252 kernel void 255 kernel void
253 juliatunnel (write_only image2d_t img, float time) 256 juliatunnel (write_only image2d_t img, float time)
254 { 257 {
255 float2 p = (float2)(get_global_id (0), get_global_id (1)) / 256.f * 2.f - 1.f; 258 int2 xy = (int2)(get_global_id (0), get_global_id (1));
259 float2 p = convert_float2 (xy) / $S.f * 2.f - 1.f;
256 260
257 float2 m = (float2)(1.f, p.y) / fabs (p.x); 261 float2 m = (float2)(1.f, p.y) / fabs (p.x); // tunnel
258 m.x = fabs (fmod (m.x + time * 0.05f, 4.f)) - 2.f; 262 m.x = fabs (fmod (m.x + time * 0.05f, 4.f) - 2.f);
259 263
260 float2 z = m; 264 float2 z = m;
261 float2 c = (float2)(sin (time * 0.05005), cos (time * 0.06001)); 265 float2 c = (float2)(sin (time * 0.01133f), cos (time * 0.02521f));
262 266
263 for (int i = 0; i < 25 && dot (z, z) < 4.f; ++i) 267 for (int i = 0; i < 25 && dot (z, z) < 4.f; ++i) // standard julia
264 z = (float2)(z.x * z.x - z.y * z.y, 2.f * z.x * z.y) + c; 268 z = (float2)(z.x * z.x - z.y * z.y, 2.f * z.x * z.y) + c;
265 269
266 float3 colour = (float3)(z.x, z.y, z.x * z.y); 270 float3 colour = (float3)(z.x, z.y, atan2 (z.y, z.x));
267 write_imagef (img, (int2)(get_global_id (0), get_global_id (1)), (float4)(colour * p.x * p.x, 1.)); 271 write_imagef (img, xy, (float4)(colour * p.x * p.x, 1.));
268 } 272 }
269 EOF 273 EOF
270 274
271 my $prog = $ctx->build_program ($src); 275 my $prog = $ctx->build_program ($src);
272 my $kernel = $prog->kernel ("juliatunnel"); 276 my $kernel = $prog->kernel ("juliatunnel");
276 for (my $time; ; ++$time) { 280 for (my $time; ; ++$time) {
277 # acquire objects from opengl 281 # acquire objects from opengl
278 $queue->acquire_gl_objects ([$tex]); 282 $queue->acquire_gl_objects ([$tex]);
279 283
280 # configure and run our kernel 284 # configure and run our kernel
281 $kernel->set_image2d (0, $tex); 285 $kernel->setf ("mf", $tex, $time*2); # mf = memory object, float
282 $kernel->set_float (1, $time);
283 $queue->nd_range_kernel ($kernel, undef, [256, 256], undef); 286 $queue->nd_range_kernel ($kernel, undef, [$S, $S], undef);
284 287
285 # release objects to opengl again 288 # release objects to opengl again
286 $queue->release_gl_objects ([$tex]); 289 $queue->release_gl_objects ([$tex]);
287 290
288 # wait 291 # wait
301 304
302 glXSwapBuffers; 305 glXSwapBuffers;
303 306
304 select undef, undef, undef, 1/60; 307 select undef, undef, undef, 1/60;
305 } 308 }
309
310=head2 How to modify the previous example to not rely on GL sharing.
311
312For those poor souls with only a sucky CPU OpenCL implementation, you
313currently have to read the image into some perl scalar, and then modify a
314texture or use glDrawPixels or so).
315
316First, when you don't need gl sharing, you can create the context much simpler:
317
318 $ctx = $platform->context (undef, [$dev])
319
320To use a texture, you would modify the above example by creating an
321OpenCL::Image manually instead of deriving it from a texture:
322
323 my $tex = $ctx->image2d (OpenCL::MEM_WRITE_ONLY, OpenCL::RGBA, OpenCL::UNORM_INT8, $S, $S);
324
325And in the darw loop, intead of acquire_gl_objects/release_gl_objects, you
326would read the image2d after the kernel has written it:
327
328 $queue->read_image ($tex, 0, 0, 0, 0, $S, $S, 1, 0, 0, my $data);
329
330And then you would upload the pixel data to the texture (or use glDrawPixels):
331
332 glTexSubImage2D_s GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0, 0, $S, $S, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, $data;
333
334The fully modified example can be found at
335L<http://cvs.schmorp.de/OpenCL/examples/juliaflight-nosharing>.
306 336
307=head1 DOCUMENTATION 337=head1 DOCUMENTATION
308 338
309=head2 BASIC CONVENTIONS 339=head2 BASIC CONVENTIONS
310 340
493=cut 523=cut
494 524
495package OpenCL; 525package OpenCL;
496 526
497use common::sense; 527use common::sense;
528use Carp ();
498use Async::Interrupt (); 529use Async::Interrupt ();
499 530
500our $POLL_FUNC; # set by XS 531our $POLL_FUNC; # set by XS
501 532
502BEGIN { 533BEGIN {
503 our $VERSION = '0.97'; 534 our $VERSION = '0.99';
504 535
505 require XSLoader; 536 require XSLoader;
506 XSLoader::load (__PACKAGE__, $VERSION); 537 XSLoader::load (__PACKAGE__, $VERSION);
507 538
508 @OpenCL::Platform::ISA = 539 @OpenCL::Platform::ISA =
526 @OpenCL::Image1D::ISA = 557 @OpenCL::Image1D::ISA =
527 @OpenCL::Image1DArray::ISA = 558 @OpenCL::Image1DArray::ISA =
528 @OpenCL::Image1DBuffer::ISA = OpenCL::Image::; 559 @OpenCL::Image1DBuffer::ISA = OpenCL::Image::;
529 560
530 @OpenCL::UserEvent::ISA = OpenCL::Event::; 561 @OpenCL::UserEvent::ISA = OpenCL::Event::;
562
563 @OpenCL::MappedBuffer::ISA =
564 @OpenCL::MappedImage::ISA = OpenCL::Mapped::;
531} 565}
532 566
533=head2 THE OpenCL PACKAGE 567=head2 THE OpenCL PACKAGE
534 568
535=over 4 569=over 4
537=item $int = OpenCL::errno 571=item $int = OpenCL::errno
538 572
539The last error returned by a function - it's only valid after an error occured 573The last error returned by a function - it's only valid after an error occured
540and before calling another OpenCL function. 574and before calling another OpenCL function.
541 575
542=item $str = OpenCL::err2str $errval 576=item $str = OpenCL::err2str [$errval]
543 577
544Comverts an error value into a human readable string. 578Converts an error value into a human readable string. IF no error value is
579given, then the last error will be used (as returned by OpenCL::errno).
545 580
546=item $str = OpenCL::enum2str $enum 581=item $str = OpenCL::enum2str $enum
547 582
548Converts most enum values (of parameter names, image format constants, 583Converts most enum values (of parameter names, image format constants,
549object types, addressing and filter modes, command types etc.) into a 584object types, addressing and filter modes, command types etc.) into a
1002=cut 1037=cut
1003 1038
1004sub OpenCL::Context::build_program { 1039sub OpenCL::Context::build_program {
1005 my ($self, $prog, $options) = @_; 1040 my ($self, $prog, $options) = @_;
1006 1041
1007 require Carp;
1008
1009 $prog = $self->program_with_source ($prog) 1042 $prog = $self->program_with_source ($prog)
1010 unless ref $prog; 1043 unless ref $prog;
1011 1044
1012 # we build separately per device so we instantly know which one failed 1045 eval { $prog->build (undef, $options); 1 }
1046 or errno == BUILD_PROGRAM_FAILURE
1047 or errno == INVALID_BINARY # workaround nvidia bug
1048 or Carp::croak "OpenCL::Context->build_program: " . err2str;
1049
1050 # we check status for all devices
1013 for my $dev ($self->devices) { 1051 for my $dev ($self->devices) {
1014 eval { $prog->build ([$dev], $options); 1 } 1052 $prog->build_status ($dev) == BUILD_SUCCESS
1015 or Carp::croak ("Building OpenCL program for device '" . $dev->name . "' failed:\n" 1053 or Carp::croak "Building OpenCL program for device '" . $dev->name . "' failed:\n"
1016 . $prog->build_log ($dev)); 1054 . $prog->build_log ($dev);
1017 } 1055 }
1018 1056
1019 $prog 1057 $prog
1020} 1058}
1021 1059
1119=item $program = $ctx->program_with_source ($string) 1157=item $program = $ctx->program_with_source ($string)
1120 1158
1121Creates a new OpenCL::Program object from the given source code. 1159Creates a new OpenCL::Program object from the given source code.
1122 1160
1123L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateProgramWithSource.html> 1161L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateProgramWithSource.html>
1162
1163=item ($program, \@status) = $ctx->program_with_binary (\@devices, \@binaries)
1164
1165Creates a new OpenCL::Program object from the given binaries.
1166
1167L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clCreateProgramWithBinary.html>
1168
1169Example: clone an existing program object that contains a successfully
1170compiled program, no matter how useless this is.
1171
1172 my $clone = $ctx->program_with_binary ([$prog->devices], [$prog->binaries]);
1124 1173
1125=item $packed_value = $ctx->info ($name) 1174=item $packed_value = $ctx->info ($name)
1126 1175
1127See C<< $platform->info >> for details. 1176See C<< $platform->info >> for details.
1128 1177
1199 1248
1200=item $ev = $queue->write_buffer_rect (OpenCL::Memory buf, cl_bool blocking, $buf_x, $buf_y, $buf_z, $host_x, $host_y, $host_z, $width, $height, $depth, $buf_row_pitch, $buf_slice_pitch, $host_row_pitch, $host_slice_pitch, $data, $wait_events...) 1249=item $ev = $queue->write_buffer_rect (OpenCL::Memory buf, cl_bool blocking, $buf_x, $buf_y, $buf_z, $host_x, $host_y, $host_z, $width, $height, $depth, $buf_row_pitch, $buf_slice_pitch, $host_row_pitch, $host_slice_pitch, $data, $wait_events...)
1201 1250
1202http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueWriteBufferRect.html 1251http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueWriteBufferRect.html
1203 1252
1253=item $ev = $queue->copy_buffer_to_image ($src_buffer, $dst_image, $src_offset, $dst_x, $dst_y, $dst_z, $width, $height, $depth, $wait_events...)
1254
1255L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyBufferToImage.html>
1256
1204=item $ev = $queue->read_image ($src, $blocking, $x, $y, $z, $width, $height, $depth, $row_pitch, $slice_pitch, $data, $wait_events...) 1257=item $ev = $queue->read_image ($src, $blocking, $x, $y, $z, $width, $height, $depth, $row_pitch, $slice_pitch, $data, $wait_events...)
1205 1258
1206L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyBufferRect.html> 1259C<$row_pitch> (and C<$slice_pitch>) can be C<0>, in which case the OpenCL
1207 1260module uses the image width (and height) to supply default values.
1208=item $ev = $queue->copy_buffer_to_image ($src_buffer, $dst_image, $src_offset, $dst_x, $dst_y, $dst_z, $width, $height, $depth, $wait_events...)
1209 1261
1210L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueReadImage.html> 1262L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueReadImage.html>
1211 1263
1212=item $ev = $queue->write_image ($src, $blocking, $x, $y, $z, $width, $height, $depth, $row_pitch, $slice_pitch, $data, $wait_events...) 1264=item $ev = $queue->write_image ($src, $blocking, $x, $y, $z, $width, $height, $depth, $row_pitch, $slice_pitch, $data, $wait_events...)
1213 1265
1266C<$row_pitch> (and C<$slice_pitch>) can be C<0>, in which case the OpenCL
1267module uses the image width (and height) to supply default values.
1214L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueWriteImage.html> 1268L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueWriteImage.html>
1215 1269
1216=item $ev = $queue->copy_image ($src_image, $dst_image, $src_x, $src_y, $src_z, $dst_x, $dst_y, $dst_z, $width, $height, $depth, $wait_events...) 1270=item $ev = $queue->copy_image ($src_image, $dst_image, $src_x, $src_y, $src_z, $dst_x, $dst_y, $dst_z, $width, $height, $depth, $wait_events...)
1217 1271
1218L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyImage.html> 1272L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueCopyImage.html>
1325 1379
1326=for gengetinfo end command_queue 1380=for gengetinfo end command_queue
1327 1381
1328=back 1382=back
1329 1383
1384=head3 MEMORY MAPPED BUFFERS
1385
1386OpenCL allows you to map buffers and images to host memory (read: perl
1387scalars). This is done much like reading or copying a buffer, by enqueuing
1388a map or unmap operation on the command queue.
1389
1390The map operations return an C<OpenCL::Mapped> object - see L<THE
1391OpenCL::Mapped CLASS> section for details on what to do with these
1392objects.
1393
1394The object will be unmapped automatically when the mapped object is
1395destroyed (you can use a barrier to make sure the unmap has finished,
1396before using the buffer in a kernel), but you can also enqueue an unmap
1397operation manually.
1398
1399=over 4
1400
1401=item $mapped_buffer = $queue->map_buffer ($buf, $blocking=1, $map_flags=OpenCL::MAP_READ|OpenCL::MAP_WRITE, $offset=0, $size=undef, $wait_events...)
1402
1403Maps the given buffer into host memory and returns an
1404C<OpenCL::MappedBuffer> object. If C<$size> is specified as undef, then
1405the map will extend to the end of the buffer.
1406
1407L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueMapBuffer.html>
1408
1409Example: map the buffer $buf fully and replace the first 4 bytes by "abcd", then unmap.
1410
1411 {
1412 my $mapped = $queue->map_buffer ($buf, 1, OpenCL::MAP_WRITE);
1413 substr $$mapped, 0, 4, "abcd";
1414 } # asynchronously unmap because $mapped is destroyed
1415
1416=item $mapped_image = $queue->map_image ($img, $blocking=1, $map_flags=OpenCL::MAP_READ|OpenCL::MAP_WRITE, $x=0, $y=0, $z=0, $width=undef, $height=undef, $depth=undef, $wait_events...)
1417
1418Maps the given image area into host memory and return an
1419C<OpenCL::MappedImage> object.
1420
1421If any of C<$width>, C<$height> and/or C<$depth> are C<undef> then they
1422will be replaced by the maximum possible value.
1423
1424L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clEnqueueMapImage.html>
1425
1426Example: map an image (with OpenCL::UNSIGNED_INT8 channel type) and set
1427the first channel of the leftmost column to 5, then explicitly unmap
1428it. You are not necessarily meant to do it this way, this example just
1429shows you the accessors to use :)
1430
1431 my $mapped = $queue->map_image ($image, 1, OpenCL::MAP_WRITE);
1432
1433 $mapped->set ($_ * $mapped->row_pitch, pack "C", 5)
1434 for 0..$image->height;
1435
1436 $mapped->unmap;.
1437 $mapped->wait; # only needed for out of order queues normally
1438
1439=item $ev = $queue->unmap ($mapped, $wait_events...)
1440
1441Unmaps the data from host memory. You must not call any methods that
1442modify the data, or modify the data scalar directly, after calling this
1443method.
1444
1445The mapped event object will always be passed as part of the
1446$wait_events. The mapped event object will be replaced by the new event
1447object that this request creates.
1448
1449=back
1450
1330=head2 THE OpenCL::Memory CLASS 1451=head2 THE OpenCL::Memory CLASS
1331 1452
1332This the superclass of all memory objects - OpenCL::Buffer, OpenCL::Image, 1453This the superclass of all memory objects - OpenCL::Buffer, OpenCL::Image,
1333OpenCL::Image2D and OpenCL::Image3D. 1454OpenCL::Image2D and OpenCL::Image3D.
1334 1455
1524If a callback is specified, then it will be called when compilation is 1645If a callback is specified, then it will be called when compilation is
1525finished. Note that many OpenCL implementations block your program while 1646finished. Note that many OpenCL implementations block your program while
1526compiling whether you use a callback or not. See C<build_async> if you 1647compiling whether you use a callback or not. See C<build_async> if you
1527want to make sure the build is done in the background. 1648want to make sure the build is done in the background.
1528 1649
1529Note that some OpenCL implementations atc up badly, and don't call the 1650Note that some OpenCL implementations act up badly, and don't call the
1530callback in some error cases (but call it in others). This implementation 1651callback in some error cases (but call it in others). This implementation
1531assumes the callback will always be called, and leaks memory if this is 1652assumes the callback will always be called, and leaks memory if this is
1532not so. So best make sure you don't pass in invalid values. 1653not so. So best make sure you don't pass in invalid values.
1533 1654
1655Some implementations fail with C<OpenCL::INVALID_BINARY> when the
1656compilation state is successful but some later stage fails.
1657
1534L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clBuildProgram.html> 1658L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clBuildProgram.html>
1535 1659
1536=item $program->build_async (\@devices = undef, $options = "", $cb->($program) = undef) 1660=item $program->build_async (\@devices = undef, $options = "", $cb->($program) = undef)
1537 1661
1538Similar to C<< ->build >>, except it starts a thread, and never fails (you 1662Similar to C<< ->build >>, except it starts a thread, and never fails (you
1685=item $ulong = $kernel->private_mem_size ($device) 1809=item $ulong = $kernel->private_mem_size ($device)
1686 1810
1687Calls C<clGetKernelWorkGroupInfo> with C<CL_KERNEL_PRIVATE_MEM_SIZE> and returns the result. 1811Calls C<clGetKernelWorkGroupInfo> with C<CL_KERNEL_PRIVATE_MEM_SIZE> and returns the result.
1688 1812
1689=for gengetinfo end kernel_work_group 1813=for gengetinfo end kernel_work_group
1814
1815=item $kernel->setf ($format, ...)
1816
1817Sets the arguments of a kernel. Since OpenCL 1.1 doesn't have a generic
1818way to set arguments (and with OpenCL 1.2 it might be rather slow), you
1819need to specify a format argument, much as with C<printf>, to tell OpenCL
1820what type of argument it is.
1821
1822The format arguments are single letters:
1823
1824 c char
1825 C unsigned char
1826 s short
1827 S unsigned short
1828 i int
1829 I unsigned int
1830 l long
1831 L unsigned long
1832
1833 h half float (0..65535)
1834 f float
1835 d double
1836
1837 z local (octet size)
1838
1839 m memory object (buffer or image)
1840 a sampler
1841 e event
1842
1843Space characters in the format string are ignored.
1844
1845Example: set the arguments for a kernel that expects an int, two floats, a buffer and an image.
1846
1847 $kernel->setf ("i ff mm", 5, 0.5, 3, $buffer, $image);
1690 1848
1691=item $kernel->set_TYPE ($index, $value) 1849=item $kernel->set_TYPE ($index, $value)
1692 1850
1693=item $kernel->set_char ($index, $value) 1851=item $kernel->set_char ($index, $value)
1694 1852
1838 1996
1839L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clSetUserEventStatus.html> 1997L<http://www.khronos.org/registry/cl/sdk/1.1/docs/man/xhtml/clSetUserEventStatus.html>
1840 1998
1841=back 1999=back
1842 2000
2001=head2 THE OpenCL::Mapped CLASS
2002
2003This class represents objects mapped into host memory. They are
2004represented by a blessed string scalar. The string data is the mapped
2005memory area, that is, if you read or write it, then the mapped object is
2006accessed directly.
2007
2008You must only ever use operations that modify the string in-place - for
2009example, a C<substr> that doesn't change the length, or maybe a regex that
2010doesn't change the length. Any other operation might cause the data to be
2011copied.
2012
2013When the object is destroyed it will enqueue an implicit unmap operation
2014on the queue that was used to create it.
2015
2016Keep in mind that you I<need> to unmap (or destroy) mapped objects before
2017OpenCL sees the changes, even if some implementations don't need this
2018sometimes.
2019
2020Example, replace the first two floats in the mapped buffer by 1 and 2.
2021
2022 my $mapped = $queue->map_buffer ($buf, ...
2023 $mapped->event->wait; # make sure it's there
2024
2025 # now replace first 8 bytes by new data, which is exactly 8 bytes long
2026 # we blindly assume device endianness to equal host endianness
2027 # (and of course, we assume iee 754 single precision floats :)
2028 substr $$mapped, 0, 8, pack "f*", 1, 2;
2029
2030=over 4
2031
2032=item $ev = $mapped->unmap ($wait_events...)
2033
2034Unmaps the mapped memory object, using the queue originally used to create
2035it, quite similarly to C<< $queue->unmap ($mapped, ...) >>.
2036
2037=item $bool = $mapped->mapped
2038
2039Returns whether the object is still mapped - true before an C<unmap> is
2040enqueued, false afterwards.
2041
2042=item $ev = $mapped->event
2043
2044Return the event object associated with the mapped object. Initially, this
2045will be the event object created when mapping the object, and after an
2046unmap, this will be the event object that the unmap operation created.
2047
2048=item $mapped->wait
2049
2050Same as C<< $mapped->event->wait >> - makes sure no operations on this
2051mapped object are outstanding.
2052
2053=item $bytes = $mapped->size
2054
2055Returns the size of the mapped area, in bytes. Same as C<length $$mapped>.
2056
2057=item $ptr = $mapped->ptr
2058
2059Returns the raw memory address of the mapped area.
2060
2061=item $mapped->set ($offset, $data)
2062
2063Replaces the data at the given C<$offset> in the memory area by the new
2064C<$data>. This method is safer than direct manipulation of C<$mapped>
2065because it does bounds-checking, but also slower.
2066
2067=item $data = $mapped->get ($offset, $length)
2068
2069Returns (without copying) a scalar representing the data at the given
2070C<$offset> and C<$length> in the mapped memory area. This is the same as
2071the following substr, except much slower;
2072
2073 $data = substr $$mapped, $offset, $length
2074
2075=cut
2076
2077sub OpenCL::Mapped::get {
2078 substr ${$_[0]}, $_[1], $_[2]
2079}
2080
2081=back
2082
2083=head2 THE OpenCL::MappedBuffer CLASS
2084
2085This is a subclass of OpenCL::Mapped, representing mapped buffers.
2086
2087=head2 THE OpenCL::MappedImage CLASS
2088
2089This is a subclass of OpenCL::Mapped, representing mapped images.
2090
2091=over 4
2092
2093=item $bytes = $mapped->row_pitch
2094
2095=item $bytes = $mapped->slice_pitch
2096
2097Return the row or slice pitch of the image that has been mapped.
2098
2099=back
2100
2101
1843=cut 2102=cut
1844 2103
18451; 21041;
1846 2105
1847=head1 AUTHOR 2106=head1 AUTHOR

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