1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | PApp::SQL - absolutely easy yet fast and powerful sql access |
3 | PApp::SQL - absolutely easy yet fast and powerful sql access. |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | use PApp::SQL; |
7 | use PApp::SQL; |
8 | # to be written |
8 | |
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9 | my $st = sql_exec $DBH, "select ... where a = ?", $a; |
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10 | |
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11 | local $DBH = <database handle>; |
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12 | my $st = sql_exec \my($bind_a, $bind_b), "select a,b ..."; |
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13 | my $st = sql_insertid |
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14 | sql_exec "insert into ... values (?, ?)", $v1, $v2; |
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15 | my $a = sql_fetch "select a from ..."; |
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16 | sql_fetch \my($a, $b), "select a,b ..."; |
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17 | |
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18 | sql_exists "table where name like 'a%'" |
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19 | or die "a* required but not existent"; |
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20 | |
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21 | my $db = new PApp::SQL::Database "", "DBI:mysql:test", "user", "pass"; |
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22 | local $PApp::SQL::DBH = $db->checked_dbh; # does 'ping' |
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23 | |
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24 | sql_exec $db->dbh, "select ..."; |
9 | |
25 | |
10 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
26 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
11 | |
27 | |
12 | This module provides you with easy-to-use functions to execute sql |
28 | This module provides you with easy-to-use functions to execute sql |
13 | commands (using DBI). Despite being easy to use, they are also quite |
29 | commands (using DBI). Despite being easy to use, they are also quite |
14 | efficient and allow you to write faster programs in less lines of code. |
30 | efficient and allow you to write faster programs in less lines of code. It |
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31 | should work with anything from perl-5.004_01 onwards, but I only support |
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32 | 5.005+. UTF8 handling (the C<sql_u*> family of functions) will only be |
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33 | effective with perl version 5.006 and beyond. |
15 | |
34 | |
16 | =over 4 |
35 | If the descriptions here seem terse or if you always wanted to know |
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36 | what PApp is then have a look at the PApp module which uses this module |
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37 | extensively but also provides you with a lot more gimmicks to play around |
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38 | with to help you create cool applications ;) |
17 | |
39 | |
18 | =cut |
40 | =cut |
19 | |
41 | |
20 | package PApp::SQL; |
42 | package PApp::SQL; |
21 | |
43 | |
22 | use DBI; |
44 | use DBI (); |
23 | |
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24 | #use PApp::Exception; # not yet used |
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25 | |
45 | |
26 | BEGIN { |
46 | BEGIN { |
27 | use base Exporter; |
47 | use base qw(Exporter DynaLoader); |
28 | |
48 | |
29 | $VERSION = 0.1; |
49 | $VERSION = 0.14; |
30 | @EXPORT = qw( |
50 | @EXPORT = qw( |
31 | sql_exec sql_fetch sql_fetchall sql_exists sql_insertid $sql_exec |
51 | sql_exec sql_fetch sql_fetchall sql_exists sql_insertid $sql_exec |
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52 | sql_uexec sql_ufetch sql_ufetchall sql_uexists |
32 | ); |
53 | ); |
33 | @EXPORT_OK = qw( |
54 | @EXPORT_OK = qw( |
34 | connect_cached |
55 | connect_cached |
35 | ); |
56 | ); |
36 | |
57 | |
37 | require XSLoader; |
58 | bootstrap PApp::SQL $VERSION; |
38 | XSLoader::load PApp::SQL, $VERSION; |
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39 | } |
59 | } |
40 | |
60 | |
41 | our $sql_exec; # last result of sql_exec's execute call |
61 | our $sql_exec; # last result of sql_exec's execute call |
42 | our $DBH; # the default database handle |
62 | our $DBH; # the default database handle |
43 | our $database; # the current SQL::Database object, if applicable |
63 | our $Database; # the current SQL::Database object, if applicable |
44 | |
64 | |
45 | our %dbcache; |
65 | our %dbcache; |
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66 | |
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67 | =head2 GLOBAL VARIABLES |
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68 | |
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69 | =over 4 |
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70 | |
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71 | =item $sql_exec |
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72 | |
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73 | Since the C<sql_exec> family of functions return a statement handle there |
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74 | must be another way to test the return value of the C<execute> call. This |
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75 | global variable contains the result of the most recent call to C<execute> |
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76 | done by this module. |
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77 | |
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78 | =item $PApp::SQL::DBH |
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79 | |
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80 | The default database handle used by this module if no C<$DBH> was |
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81 | specified as argument. See C<sql_exec> for a discussion. |
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82 | |
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83 | =item $PApp::SQL::Database |
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84 | |
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85 | The current default C<PApp::SQL::Database>-object. Future versions might |
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86 | automatically fall back on this database and create database handles from |
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87 | it if neccessary. At the moment this is not used by this module but might |
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88 | be nice as a placeholder for the database object that corresponds to |
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89 | $PApp::SQL::DBH. |
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90 | |
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91 | =back |
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92 | |
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93 | =head2 FUNCTIONS |
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94 | |
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95 | =over 4 |
46 | |
96 | |
47 | =item $dbh = connect_cached $id, $dsn, $user, $pass, $flags, $connect |
97 | =item $dbh = connect_cached $id, $dsn, $user, $pass, $flags, $connect |
48 | |
98 | |
49 | (not exported by by default) |
99 | (not exported by by default) |
50 | |
100 | |
51 | Connect to the database given by C<($dsn,$user,$pass)>, while using the |
101 | Connect to the database given by C<($dsn,$user,$pass)>, while using the |
52 | flags from C<$flags>. These are just the same arguments as given to |
102 | flags from C<$flags>. These are just the same arguments as given to |
53 | C<DBI->connect>. |
103 | C<DBI->connect>. |
54 | |
104 | |
55 | The database handle will be cached under the unique id C<$id>. If the same |
105 | The database handle will be cached under the unique id |
56 | id is requested later, the cached handle will be checked (using ping), and |
106 | C<$id|$dsn|$user|$pass>. If the same id is requested later, the |
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107 | cached handle will be checked (using ping), and the connection will |
57 | the connection will be re-established if necessary (be sure to prefix your |
108 | be re-established if necessary (be sure to prefix your application or |
58 | application or module name to the id to make it "more" unique. Things like |
109 | module name to the id to make it "more" unique. Things like __PACKAGE__ . |
59 | __PACKAGE__ . __LINE__ work fine as well). |
110 | __LINE__ work fine as well). |
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111 | |
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112 | The reason C<$id> is necessary is that you might specify special connect |
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113 | arguments or special flags, or you might want to configure your $DBH |
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114 | differently than maybe other applications requesting the same database |
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115 | connection. If none of this is necessary for your application you can |
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116 | leave C<$id> empty (i.e. ""). |
60 | |
117 | |
61 | If specified, C<$connect> is a callback (e.g. a coderef) that will be |
118 | If specified, C<$connect> is a callback (e.g. a coderef) that will be |
62 | called each time a new connection is being established, with the new |
119 | called each time a new connection is being established, with the new |
63 | C<$dbh> as first argument. |
120 | C<$dbh> as first argument. |
64 | |
121 | |
65 | Examples: |
122 | Examples: |
66 | |
123 | |
67 | # try your luck opening the papp database without access info |
124 | # try your luck opening the papp database without access info |
68 | $dbh = connect_cached __FILE__, "DBI:mysql:papp"; |
125 | $dbh = connect_cached __FILE__, "DBI:mysql:papp"; |
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126 | |
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127 | Mysql-specific behaviour: The default setting of |
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128 | C<mysql_client_found_rows> is TRUE, you can overwrite this, though. |
69 | |
129 | |
70 | =cut |
130 | =cut |
71 | |
131 | |
72 | sub connect_cached { |
132 | sub connect_cached { |
73 | my ($id, $dsn, $user, $pass, $flags, $connect) = @_; |
133 | my ($id, $dsn, $user, $pass, $flags, $connect) = @_; |
74 | # the following line is duplicated in PApp::SQL::Database::new |
134 | # the following line is duplicated in PApp::SQL::Database::new |
75 | $id = "$id\0$dsn\0$user\0$pass"; |
135 | $id = "$id\0$dsn\0$user\0$pass"; |
76 | unless ($dbcache{$id} && $dbcache{$id}->ping) { |
136 | unless ($dbcache{$id} && $dbcache{$id}->ping) { |
77 | #warn "connecting to ($dsn|$user|$pass|$flags)\n";#d# |
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78 | # first, nuke our cache (sooory ;) |
137 | # first, nuke our statement cache (sooory ;) |
79 | cachesize cachesize 0; |
138 | cachesize cachesize 0; |
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139 | |
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140 | # then make mysql behave more standardly by default |
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141 | $dsn =~ /^[Dd][Bb][Ii]:mysql:/ |
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142 | and $dsn !~ /;mysql_client_found_rows/ |
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143 | and $dsn .= ";mysql_client_found_rows=1"; |
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144 | |
80 | # then connect anew |
145 | # then connect anew |
81 | $dbcache{$id} = |
146 | $dbcache{$id} = |
82 | eval { DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $pass, $flags) } |
147 | eval { DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $pass, $flags) } |
83 | || eval { DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $pass, $flags) } |
148 | || eval { DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $pass, $flags) } |
84 | || die "$DBI::errstr\n"; |
149 | || die "unable to connect to database $dsn: $DBI::errstr\n"; |
85 | $connect->($dbcache{$id}) if $connect; |
150 | $connect->($dbcache{$id}) if $connect; |
86 | } |
151 | } |
87 | $dbcache{$id}; |
152 | $dbcache{$id}; |
88 | } |
153 | } |
89 | |
154 | |
90 | =item $sth = sql_exec [dbh,] [bind-vals...,] "sql-statement", [arguments...] |
155 | =item $sth = sql_exec [dbh,] [bind-vals...,] "sql-statement", [arguments...] |
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156 | |
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157 | =item $sth = sql_uexec <see sql_exec> |
91 | |
158 | |
92 | C<sql_exec> is the most important and most-used function in this module. |
159 | C<sql_exec> is the most important and most-used function in this module. |
93 | |
160 | |
94 | Runs the given sql command with the given parameters and returns the |
161 | Runs the given sql command with the given parameters and returns the |
95 | statement handle. The command and the statement handle will be cached |
162 | statement handle. The command and the statement handle will be cached |
96 | (with the database handle and the sql string as key), so prepare will be |
163 | (with the database handle and the sql string as key), so prepare will be |
97 | called only once for each distinct sql call (please keep in mind that the |
164 | called only once for each distinct sql call (please keep in mind that the |
98 | returned statement will always be the same, so, if you call C<sql_exec> |
165 | returned statement will always be the same, so, if you call C<sql_exec> |
99 | with the same dbh and sql-statement twice (e.g. in a subroutine you |
166 | with the same dbh and sql-statement twice (e.g. in a subroutine you |
100 | called), the statement handle for the first call mustn't be used. |
167 | called), the statement handle for the first call mustn't not be in use |
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168 | anymore, as the subsequent call will re-use the handle. |
101 | |
169 | |
102 | The database handle (the first argument) is optional. If it is missing, |
170 | The database handle (the first argument) is optional. If it is missing, |
103 | C<sql_exec> first tries to use the variable C<$DBH> in the current (= |
171 | it tries to use database handle in C<$PApp::SQL::DBH>, which you can set |
104 | calling) package and, if that fails, it tries to use database handle in |
172 | before calling these functions. NOTICE: future and former versions of |
105 | C<$PApp::SQL::DBH>, which you can set before calling these functions. |
173 | PApp::SQL might also look up the global variable C<$DBH> in the callers |
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174 | package. |
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175 | |
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176 | =begin comment |
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177 | |
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178 | If it is missing, C<sql_exec> first tries to use the variable C<$DBH> |
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179 | in the current (= calling) package and, if that fails, it tries to use |
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180 | database handle in C<$PApp::SQL::DBH>, which you can set before calling |
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181 | these functions. |
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182 | |
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183 | =end comment |
106 | |
184 | |
107 | The actual return value from the C<$sth->execute> call is stored in the |
185 | The actual return value from the C<$sth->execute> call is stored in the |
108 | package-global (and exported) variable C<$sql_exec>. |
186 | package-global (and exported) variable C<$sql_exec>. |
109 | |
187 | |
110 | If any error occurs C<sql_exec> will throw an exception. |
188 | If any error occurs C<sql_exec> will throw an exception. |
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189 | |
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190 | C<sql_uexec> is similar to C<sql_exec> but upgrades all input arguments to |
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191 | utf8 before calling the C<execute> method. |
111 | |
192 | |
112 | Examples: |
193 | Examples: |
113 | |
194 | |
114 | # easy one |
195 | # easy one |
115 | my $st = sql_exec "select name, id from table where id = ?", $id; |
196 | my $st = sql_exec "select name, id from table where id = ?", $id; |
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… | |
125 | sql_exec $dbh, "update file set name = ?", "oops.txt"; |
206 | sql_exec $dbh, "update file set name = ?", "oops.txt"; |
126 | |
207 | |
127 | |
208 | |
128 | =item sql_fetch <see sql_exec> |
209 | =item sql_fetch <see sql_exec> |
129 | |
210 | |
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211 | =item sql_ufetch <see sql_uexec> |
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212 | |
130 | Execute a sql-statement and fetch the first row of results. Depending on |
213 | Execute an sql-statement and fetch the first row of results. Depending on |
131 | the caller context the row will be returned as a list (array context), or |
214 | the caller context the row will be returned as a list (array context), or |
132 | just the first columns. In table form: |
215 | just the first columns. In table form: |
133 | |
216 | |
134 | CONTEXT RESULT |
217 | CONTEXT RESULT |
135 | void () |
218 | void () |
… | |
… | |
146 | |
229 | |
147 | my($name, $amount) = sql_fetch "select ...", args... |
230 | my($name, $amount) = sql_fetch "select ...", args... |
148 | |
231 | |
149 | ... and it's still quite fast unless you fetch large amounts of data. |
232 | ... and it's still quite fast unless you fetch large amounts of data. |
150 | |
233 | |
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234 | C<sql_ufetch> is similar to C<sql_fetch> but upgrades all input values to |
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235 | utf8 and forces all result values to utf8 (this does I<not> include result |
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236 | parameters, only return values. Using bind variables in cinjunction with |
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237 | sql_u* functions results in undefined behaviour). |
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238 | |
151 | =item sql_fetchall <see sql_exec> |
239 | =item sql_fetchall <see sql_exec> |
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240 | |
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241 | =item sql_ufetchall <see sql_uexec> |
152 | |
242 | |
153 | Similarly to C<sql_fetch>, but all result rows will be fetched (this is |
243 | Similarly to C<sql_fetch>, but all result rows will be fetched (this is |
154 | of course inefficient for large results!). The context is ignored (only |
244 | of course inefficient for large results!). The context is ignored (only |
155 | list context makes sense), but the result still depends on the number of |
245 | list context makes sense), but the result still depends on the number of |
156 | columns in the result: |
246 | columns in the result: |
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… | |
168 | |
258 | |
169 | for (sql_fetchall "select name, age, place from user") { |
259 | for (sql_fetchall "select name, age, place from user") { |
170 | my ($name, $age, $place) = @$_; |
260 | my ($name, $age, $place) = @$_; |
171 | } |
261 | } |
172 | |
262 | |
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263 | C<sql_ufetchall> is similar to C<sql_fetchall> but upgrades all input |
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264 | values to utf8 and forces all result values to utf8 (see the caveats in |
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265 | the description of C<sql_ufetch>, though). |
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266 | |
173 | =item sql_exists "<table> where ...", args... |
267 | =item sql_exists "<table_references> where <where_condition>...", args... |
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268 | |
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269 | =item sql_uexists <see sql_exists> |
174 | |
270 | |
175 | Check wether the result of the sql-statement "select xxx from |
271 | Check wether the result of the sql-statement "select xxx from |
176 | $first_argument" would be empty or not (that is, imagine the string |
272 | $first_argument" would be empty or not (that is, imagine the string |
177 | "select from" were prepended to your statement (it isn't)). Should work |
273 | "select * from" were prepended to your statement (it isn't)). Should work |
178 | with every database but can be quite slow, except on mysql, where this |
274 | with every database but can be quite slow, except on mysql, where this |
179 | should be quite fast. |
275 | should be quite fast. |
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276 | |
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277 | C<sql_uexists> is similar to C<sql_exists> but upgrades all parameters to |
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278 | utf8. |
180 | |
279 | |
181 | Examples: |
280 | Examples: |
182 | |
281 | |
183 | print "user 7 exists!\n" |
282 | print "user 7 exists!\n" |
184 | if sql_exists "user where id = ?", 7; |
283 | if sql_exists "user where id = ?", 7; |
… | |
… | |
186 | die "duplicate key" |
285 | die "duplicate key" |
187 | if sql_exists "user where name = ? and pass = ?", "stefan", "geheim"; |
286 | if sql_exists "user where name = ? and pass = ?", "stefan", "geheim"; |
188 | |
287 | |
189 | =cut |
288 | =cut |
190 | |
289 | |
191 | # uncodumented, since unportable (only works with DBH even!). yet it is exported (aaargh!) |
290 | =item $lastid = sql_insertid $sth |
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291 | |
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292 | Returns the last automatically created key value. It must be executed |
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293 | directly after executing the insert statement that created it. This is |
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294 | what is actually returned for various databases. If your database is |
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295 | missing, please send me an e-mail on how to implement this ;) |
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296 | |
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297 | mysql: first C<AUTO_INCREMENT> column set to NULL |
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298 | postgres: C<oid> column (is there a way to get the last SERIAL?) |
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299 | sybase: C<IDENTITY> column of the last insert (slow) |
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300 | informix: C<SERIAL> or C<SERIAL8> column of the last insert |
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301 | |
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302 | Except for sybase, this does not require a server access. |
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303 | |
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304 | =cut |
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305 | |
192 | sub sql_insertid { |
306 | sub sql_insertid($) { |
193 | $DBH->{mysql_insertid}; |
307 | my $sth = shift or die "sql_insertid requires a statement handle"; |
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308 | my $dbh = $sth->{Database}; |
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309 | my $driver = $dbh->{Driver}{Name}; |
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310 | |
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311 | $driver eq "mysql" and return $sth->{mysql_insertid}; |
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312 | $driver eq "Pg" and return $sth->{pg_oid_status}; |
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313 | $driver eq "Sybase" and return sql_fetch($dbh, 'SELECT @@IDENTITY'); |
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314 | $driver eq "Informix" and return $sth->{ix_sqlerrd}[1]; |
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315 | |
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316 | die "sql_insertid does not spport the dbd driver '$driver', please see PApp::SQL::sql_insertid"; |
194 | } |
317 | } |
195 | |
318 | |
196 | =item [old-size] = cachesize [new-size] |
319 | =item [old-size] = cachesize [new-size] |
197 | |
320 | |
198 | Returns (and possibly changes) the LRU cache size used by C<sql_exec>. The |
321 | Returns (and possibly changes) the LRU cache size used by C<sql_exec>. The |
199 | default is somewhere around 50 (= the 50 last recently used statements |
322 | default is somewhere around 50 (= the 50 last recently used statements |
200 | will be cached). It shouldn't be too large, since a simple linear listed |
323 | will be cached). It shouldn't be too large, since a simple linear list |
201 | is used for the cache at the moment (which, for small (<100) cache sizes |
324 | is used for the cache at the moment (which, for small (<100) cache sizes |
202 | is actually quite fast). |
325 | is actually quite fast). |
203 | |
326 | |
204 | The function always returns the cache size in effect I<before> the call, |
327 | The function always returns the cache size in effect I<before> the call, |
205 | so, to nuke the cache (for example, when a database connection has died |
328 | so, to nuke the cache (for example, when a database connection has died |
… | |
… | |
210 | |
333 | |
211 | =cut |
334 | =cut |
212 | |
335 | |
213 | =item reinitialize [not exported] |
336 | =item reinitialize [not exported] |
214 | |
337 | |
215 | Clears any internal caches (statement cache, database handle cache). |
338 | Clears any internal caches (statement cache, database handle |
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339 | cache). Should be called after C<fork> and other accidents that invalidate |
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340 | database handles. |
216 | |
341 | |
217 | =cut |
342 | =cut |
218 | |
343 | |
219 | sub reinitialize { |
344 | sub reinitialize { |
220 | cachesize cachesize 0; |
345 | cachesize cachesize 0; |
221 | for (values %dbcache) { |
346 | for (values %dbcache) { |
222 | eval { $_->disconnect }; |
347 | eval { $_->{InactiveDestroy} = 1 }; |
223 | } |
348 | } |
224 | undef %dbcache; |
349 | undef %dbcache; |
225 | } |
350 | } |
226 | |
351 | |
227 | =back |
352 | =back |
228 | |
353 | |
229 | =cut |
354 | =cut |
230 | |
355 | |
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356 | reinitialize; |
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357 | |
231 | package PApp::SQL::Database; |
358 | package PApp::SQL::Database; |
232 | |
359 | |
233 | =head2 THE DATABASE CLASS |
360 | =head2 THE DATABASE CLASS |
234 | |
361 | |
235 | Again (sigh) the problem of persistency. What do you do when you have to serialize on object |
362 | Again (sigh) the problem of persistency. What do you do when you have |
236 | that contains (or should contain) a database handle? Short answer: you don't. Long answer: |
363 | to serialize on object that contains (or should contain) a database |
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364 | handle? Short answer: you don't. Long answer: you can embed the necessary |
237 | you can embed the necessary information to recreate the dbh when needed. |
365 | information to recreate the dbh when needed. |
238 | |
366 | |
239 | The C<PApp::SQL::Database> class does that, in a relatively efficient |
367 | The C<PApp::SQL::Database> class does that, in a relatively efficient |
240 | fashion: the overhead is currently a single method call per access (you |
368 | fashion: the overhead is currently a single method call per access (you |
241 | can cache the real dbh if you want). |
369 | can cache the real dbh if you want). |
242 | |
370 | |
… | |
… | |
282 | |
410 | |
283 | =item $db->dsn |
411 | =item $db->dsn |
284 | |
412 | |
285 | Return the DSN (L<DBI>) fo the database object (e.g. for error messages). |
413 | Return the DSN (L<DBI>) fo the database object (e.g. for error messages). |
286 | |
414 | |
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415 | =item $db->login |
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416 | |
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417 | Return the login name. |
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418 | |
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419 | =item $db->password |
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420 | |
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421 | Return the password (emphasizing the fact that the password is stored plaintext ;) |
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422 | |
287 | =cut |
423 | =cut |
288 | |
424 | |
289 | sub dsn($) { |
425 | sub dsn($) { |
290 | my $self = shift; |
426 | my $self = shift; |
291 | $self->[1][1]; |
427 | (split /\x00/, $self->[0])[1]; |
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428 | } |
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429 | |
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430 | sub login($) { |
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431 | my $self = shift; |
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432 | (split /\x00/, $self->[0])[2]; |
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433 | } |
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434 | |
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435 | sub password($) { |
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436 | my $self = shift; |
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437 | (split /\x00/, $self->[0])[3]; |
292 | } |
438 | } |
293 | |
439 | |
294 | =back |
440 | =back |
295 | |
441 | |
296 | =cut |
442 | =cut |
297 | |
443 | |
298 | reinitialize; |
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299 | |
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300 | 1; |
444 | 1; |
301 | |
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302 | =head1 BUGS |
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303 | |
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304 | As of this writing, sql_fetch and sql_fetchall are not very well tested |
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305 | (they were just re-written in C). |
|
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306 | |
|
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307 | sql_exists could be faster (it is written very ugly to not change the |
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308 | current package). |
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309 | |
445 | |
310 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
446 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
311 | |
447 | |
312 | L<PApp>. |
448 | L<PApp>. |
313 | |
449 | |