… | |
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4 | |
4 | |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | use common::sense; |
7 | use common::sense; |
8 | |
8 | |
9 | # roughly the same as, with much lower memory usage: |
9 | # supposed to be the same, with much lower memory usage, as: |
10 | # |
10 | # |
11 | # use strict qw(vars subs); |
11 | # use strict qw(vars subs); |
12 | # use feature qw(say state switch); |
12 | # use feature qw(say state switch); |
13 | # no warnings; |
13 | # no warnings; |
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14 | # use warnings qw(FATAL closed threads internal debugging pack substr malloc |
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15 | # unopened portable prototype inplace io pipe unpack regexp |
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16 | # deprecated exiting glob digit printf utf8 layer |
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17 | # reserved parenthesis taint closure semicolon); |
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18 | # no warnings qw(exec newline); |
14 | |
19 | |
15 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
20 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
16 | |
21 | |
17 | This module implements some sane defaults for Perl programs, as defined by |
22 | This module implements some sane defaults for Perl programs, as defined by |
18 | two typical (or not so typical - use your common sense) specimens of |
23 | two typical (or not so typical - use your common sense) specimens of Perl |
19 | Perl coders. |
24 | coders. In fact, after working out details on which warnings and strict |
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25 | modes to enable and make fatal, we found that we (and our code written so |
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26 | far, and others) fully agree on every option, even though we never used |
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27 | warnings before, so it seems this module indeed reflects a "common" sense |
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28 | among some long-time Perl coders. |
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29 | |
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30 | The basic philosophy behind the choices made in common::sense can be |
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31 | summarised as: "enforcing strict policies to catch as many bugs as |
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32 | possible, while at the same time, not limiting the expressive power |
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33 | available to the programmer". |
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34 | |
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35 | Two typical examples of this philosophy are uninitialised and malloc |
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36 | warnings: |
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37 | |
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38 | C<undef> is a well-defined feature of perl, and enabling warnings for |
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39 | using it rarely catches any bugs, but considerably limits you in what you |
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40 | can do, so uninitialised warnings are disabled. |
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41 | |
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42 | Freeing something twice on the C level is a serious bug, usually causing |
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43 | memory corruption. It often leads to side effects much later in the |
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44 | program and there are no advantages to not reporting this, so malloc |
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45 | warnings are fatal by default. |
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46 | |
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47 | What follows is a more thorough discussion of what this module does, |
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48 | and why it does it, and what the advantages (and disadvantages) of this |
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49 | approach are. |
20 | |
50 | |
21 | =over 4 |
51 | =over 4 |
22 | |
52 | |
23 | =item use strict qw(subs vars) |
53 | =item use strict qw(subs vars) |
24 | |
54 | |
25 | Using C<use strict> is definitely common sense, but C<use strict |
55 | Using C<use strict> is definitely common sense, but C<use strict |
26 | 'refs'> definitely overshoots it's usefulness. After almost two |
56 | 'refs'> definitely overshoots its usefulness. After almost two |
27 | decades of Perl hacking, we decided that it does more harm than being |
57 | decades of Perl hacking, we decided that it does more harm than being |
28 | useful. Specifically, constructs like these: |
58 | useful. Specifically, constructs like these: |
29 | |
59 | |
30 | @{ $var->[0] } |
60 | @{ $var->[0] } |
31 | |
61 | |
32 | Must be written like this, when C<use strict 'refs'> is in scope, and |
62 | Must be written like this (or similarly), when C<use strict 'refs'> is in |
33 | C<$var> can legally be C<undef>: |
63 | scope, and C<$var> can legally be C<undef>: |
34 | |
64 | |
35 | @{ $var->[0] || [] } |
65 | @{ $var->[0] || [] } |
36 | |
66 | |
37 | This is annoying, and doesn't shield against obvious mistakes such as |
67 | This is annoying, and doesn't shield against obvious mistakes such as |
38 | using C<"">, so one would even have to write: |
68 | using C<"">, so one would even have to write (at least for the time |
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69 | being): |
39 | |
70 | |
40 | @{ defined $var->[0] ? $var->[0] : [] } |
71 | @{ defined $var->[0] ? $var->[0] : [] } |
41 | |
72 | |
42 | ... which nobody with a bit of common sense would consider |
73 | ... which nobody with a bit of common sense would consider |
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74 | writing: clear code is clearly something else. |
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75 | |
43 | writing. Curiously enough, sometimes, perl is not so strict, as this works |
76 | Curiously enough, sometimes perl is not so strict, as this works even with |
44 | even with C<use strict> in scope: |
77 | C<use strict> in scope: |
45 | |
78 | |
46 | for (@{ $var->[0] }) { ... |
79 | for (@{ $var->[0] }) { ... |
47 | |
80 | |
48 | If that isnt hipocrasy! And all that from a mere program! |
81 | If that isn't hypocrisy! And all that from a mere program! |
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82 | |
49 | |
83 | |
50 | =item use feature qw(say state given) |
84 | =item use feature qw(say state given) |
51 | |
85 | |
52 | We found it annoying that we always have to enable extra features. If |
86 | We found it annoying that we always have to enable extra features. If |
53 | something breaks because it didn't anticipate future changes, so be |
87 | something breaks because it didn't anticipate future changes, so be |
54 | it. 5.10 broke almost all our XS modules and nobody cared either - and few |
88 | it. 5.10 broke almost all our XS modules and nobody cared either (or at |
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89 | least I know of nobody who really complained about gratuitous changes - |
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90 | as opposed to bugs). |
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91 | |
55 | modules that are no longer maintained work with newer versions of Perl, |
92 | Few modules that are not actively maintained work with newer versions of |
56 | regardless of use feature. |
93 | Perl, regardless of use feature or not, so a new major perl release means |
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94 | changes to many modules - new keywords are just the tip of the iceberg. |
57 | |
95 | |
58 | If your code isn'talive, it's dead, jim. |
96 | If your code isn't alive, it's dead, Jim - be an active maintainer. |
59 | |
97 | |
60 | =item no warnings |
98 | But nobody forces you to use those extra features in modules meant for |
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99 | older versions of perl - common::sense of course works there as well. |
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100 | There is also an important other mode where having additional features by |
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101 | default is useful: commandline hacks and internal use scripts: See "much |
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102 | reduced typing", below. |
61 | |
103 | |
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104 | |
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105 | =item no warnings, but a lot of new errors |
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106 | |
62 | The dreaded warnings. Even worse, the horribly dreaded C<-w> switch. Even |
107 | Ah, the dreaded warnings. Even worse, the horribly dreaded C<-w> |
63 | though we don't care if other people use warnings (and certainly there are |
108 | switch: Even though we don't care if other people use warnings (and |
64 | useful ones), a lot of warnings simply go against the spirit of Perl, most |
109 | certainly there are useful ones), a lot of warnings simply go against the |
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110 | spirit of Perl. |
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111 | |
65 | prominently, the warnings related to C<undef>. There is nothing wrong with |
112 | Most prominently, the warnings related to C<undef>. There is nothing wrong |
66 | C<undef>: it has well-defined semantics, it is useful, and spitting out |
113 | with C<undef>: it has well-defined semantics, it is useful, and spitting |
67 | warnings you never asked for is just evil. |
114 | out warnings you never asked for is just evil. |
68 | |
115 | |
69 | So every module needs C<no warnings> to avoid somebody accidentally using |
116 | The result was that every one of our modules did C<no warnings> in the |
70 | C<-w> and forcing his bad standards on our code. No will do. |
117 | past, to avoid somebody accidentally using and forcing his bad standards |
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118 | on our code. Of course, this switched off all warnings, even the useful |
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119 | ones. Not a good situation. Really, the C<-w> switch should only enable |
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120 | warnings for the main program only. |
71 | |
121 | |
72 | (Also, why isn't this a C<use feature> switch? Adding warnings is |
122 | Funnily enough, L<perllexwarn> explicitly mentions C<-w> (and not in a |
73 | apparently considered O.K., even if it breaks your programs). |
123 | favourable way, calling it outright "wrong"), but standard utilities, such |
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124 | as L<prove>, or MakeMaker when running C<make test>, still enable them |
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125 | blindly. |
74 | |
126 | |
75 | =item much less memory |
127 | For version 2 of common::sense, we finally sat down a few hours and went |
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128 | through I<every single warning message>, identifiying - according to |
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129 | common sense - all the useful ones. |
76 | |
130 | |
77 | Just using all those pragmas together waste <blink>I<< B<776> kilobytes |
131 | This resulted in the rather impressive list in the SYNOPSIS. When we |
78 | >></blink> of precious memory in my perl, for I<every single perl process |
132 | weren't sure, we didn't include the warning, so the list might grow in |
79 | using our code>, which on our machines, is a lot. |
133 | the future (we might have made a mistake, too, so the list might shrink |
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134 | as well). |
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135 | |
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136 | Note the presence of C<FATAL> in the list: we do not think that the |
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137 | conditions caught by these warnings are worthy of a warning, we I<insist> |
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138 | that they are worthy of I<stopping> your program, I<instantly>. They are |
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139 | I<bugs>! |
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140 | |
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141 | Therefore we consider C<common::sense> to be much stricter than C<use |
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142 | warnings>, which is good if you are into strict things (we are not, |
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143 | actually, but these things tend to be subjective). |
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144 | |
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145 | After deciding on the list, we ran the module against all of our code that |
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146 | uses C<common::sense> (that is almost all of our code), and found only one |
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147 | occurence where one of them caused a problem: one of elmex's (unreleased) |
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148 | modules contained: |
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149 | |
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150 | $fmt =~ s/([^\s\[]*)\[( [^\]]* )\]/\x0$1\x1$2\x0/xgo; |
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151 | |
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152 | We quickly agreed that indeed the code should be changed, even though it |
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153 | happened to do the right thing when the warning was switched off. |
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154 | |
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155 | |
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156 | =item much reduced typing |
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157 | |
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158 | Especially with version 2.0 of common::sense, the amount of boilerplate |
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159 | code you need to add to gte I<this> policy is daunting. Nobody would write |
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160 | this out in throwaway scripts, commandline hacks or in quick internal-use |
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161 | scripts. |
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162 | |
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163 | By using common::sense you get a defined set of policies (ours, but maybe |
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164 | yours, too, if you accept them), and they are easy to apply to your |
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165 | scripts: typing C<use common::sense;> is even shorter than C<use warnings; |
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166 | use strict; use feature ...>. |
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167 | |
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168 | And you can immediately use the features of your installed perl, which |
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169 | is more difficult in code you release, but not usually an issue for |
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170 | internal-use code (downgrades of your production perl should be rare, |
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171 | right?). |
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172 | |
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173 | |
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174 | =item mucho reduced memory usage |
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175 | |
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176 | Just using all those pragmas mentioned in the SYNOPSIS together wastes |
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177 | <blink>I<< B<776> kilobytes >></blink> of precious memory in my perl, for |
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178 | I<every single perl process using our code>, which on our machines, is a |
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179 | lot. In comparison, this module only uses I<< B<four> >> kilobytes (I even |
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180 | had to write it out so it looks like more) of memory on the same platform. |
80 | |
181 | |
81 | The money/time/effort/electricity invested in these gigabytes (probably |
182 | The money/time/effort/electricity invested in these gigabytes (probably |
82 | petabytes globally!) of wasted memory could easily save 42 trees, and a |
183 | petabytes globally!) of wasted memory could easily save 42 trees, and a |
83 | kitten! |
184 | kitten! |
84 | |
185 | |
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186 | Unfortunately, until everybods applies more common sense, there will still |
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187 | often be modules that pull in the monster pragmas. But one can hope... |
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188 | |
85 | =cut |
189 | =cut |
86 | |
190 | |
87 | package common::sense; |
191 | package common::sense; |
88 | |
192 | |
89 | our $VERSION = '0.03'; |
193 | our $VERSION = '2.02'; |
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194 | |
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195 | # paste this into perl to find bitmask |
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196 | |
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197 | # no warnings; |
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198 | # use warnings qw(FATAL closed threads internal debugging pack substr malloc unopened portable prototype |
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199 | # inplace io pipe unpack regexp deprecated exiting glob digit printf |
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200 | # utf8 layer reserved parenthesis taint closure semicolon); |
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201 | # no warnings qw(exec newline); |
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202 | # BEGIN { warn join "", map "\\x$_", unpack "(H2)*", ${^WARNING_BITS}; exit 0 }; |
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203 | |
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204 | # overload should be included |
90 | |
205 | |
91 | sub import { |
206 | sub import { |
92 | ${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS}; |
207 | # verified with perl 5.8.0, 5.10.0 |
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208 | ${^WARNING_BITS} ^= ${^WARNING_BITS} ^ "\xfc\x3f\xf3\x00\x0f\xf3\xcf\xc0\xf3\xfc\x33\x03"; |
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209 | |
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210 | # use strict vars subs |
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211 | $^H |= 0x00000600; |
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212 | |
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213 | # use feature |
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214 | $^H{feature_switch} = |
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215 | $^H{feature_say} = |
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216 | $^H{feature_state} = 1; |
93 | } |
217 | } |
94 | |
218 | |
95 | =cut |
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96 | |
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97 | 1; |
219 | 1; |
98 | |
220 | |
99 | =back |
221 | =back |
100 | |
222 | |
101 | =head1 EXAMPLE |
223 | =head1 THERE IS NO 'no common::sense'!!!! !!!! !! |
102 | |
224 | |
103 | There really should be a complete C/XS example. Bug me about it. |
225 | This module doesn't offer an unimport. First of all, it wastes even more |
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226 | memory, second, and more importantly, who with even a bit of common sense |
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227 | would want no common sense? |
104 | |
228 | |
105 | =head1 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS AND LIMITATIONS |
229 | =head1 STABILITY AND FUTURE VERSIONS |
106 | |
230 | |
107 | This module works by "hijacking" SIGKILL, which is guaranteed to be always |
231 | Future versions might change just about everything in this module. We |
108 | available in perl, but also cannot be caught, so is always available. |
232 | might test our modules and upload new ones working with newer versions of |
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233 | this module, and leave you standing in the rain because we didn't tell |
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234 | you. In fact, we did so when switching from 1.0 to 2.0, which enabled gobs |
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235 | of warnings, and made them FATAL on top. |
109 | |
236 | |
110 | Basically, this module fakes the receive of a SIGKILL signal and |
237 | Maybe we will load some nifty modules that try to emulate C<say> or so |
111 | then catches it. This makes normal signal handling slower (probably |
238 | with perls older than 5.10 (this module, of course, should work with older |
112 | unmeasurably), but has the advantage of not requiring a special runops nor |
239 | perl versions - supporting 5.8 for example is just common sense at this |
113 | slowing down normal perl execution a bit. |
240 | time. Maybe not in the future, but of course you can trust our common |
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241 | sense to be consistent with, uhm, our opinion). |
114 | |
242 | |
115 | It assumes that C<sig_atomic_t> and C<int> are both exception-safe to |
243 | =head1 WHAT OTHER PEOPLE HAD TO SAY ABOUT THIS MODULE |
116 | modify (C<sig_atomic_> is used by this module, and perl itself uses |
244 | |
117 | C<int>, so we can assume that this is quite portable, at least w.r.t. |
245 | apeiron |
118 | signals). |
246 | |
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247 | "... wow" |
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248 | "I hope common::sense is a joke." |
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249 | |
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250 | crab |
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251 | |
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252 | "i wonder how it would be if joerg schilling wrote perl modules." |
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253 | |
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254 | Adam Kennedy |
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255 | |
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256 | "Very interesting, efficient, and potentially something I'd use all the time." |
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257 | [...] |
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258 | "So no common::sense for me, alas." |
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259 | |
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260 | H.Merijn Brand |
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261 | |
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262 | "Just one more reason to drop JSON::XS from my distribution list" |
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263 | |
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264 | Pista Palo |
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265 | |
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266 | "Something in short supply these days..." |
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267 | |
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268 | Steffen Schwigon |
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269 | |
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270 | "This module is quite for sure *not* just a repetition of all the other |
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271 | 'use strict, use warnings'-approaches, and it's also not the opposite. |
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272 | [...] And for its chosen middle-way it's also not the worst name ever. |
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273 | And everything is documented." |
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274 | |
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275 | BKB |
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276 | |
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277 | "[Deleted - thanks to Steffen Schwigon for pointing out this review was |
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278 | in error.]" |
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279 | |
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280 | Somni |
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281 | |
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282 | "the arrogance of the guy" |
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283 | "I swear he tacked somenoe else's name onto the module |
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284 | just so he could use the royal 'we' in the documentation" |
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285 | |
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286 | dngor |
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287 | |
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288 | "Heh. '"<elmex at ta-sa.org>"' The quotes are semantic |
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289 | distancing from that e-mail address." |
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290 | |
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291 | Jerad Pierce |
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292 | |
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293 | "Awful name (not a proper pragma), and the SYNOPSIS doesn't tell you |
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294 | anything either. Nor is it clear what features have to do with "common |
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295 | sense" or discipline." |
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296 | |
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297 | acme |
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298 | |
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299 | "THERE IS NO 'no common::sense'!!!! !!!! !!" |
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300 | |
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301 | apeiron (meta-comment about us commenting^Wquoting his comment) |
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302 | |
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303 | How about quoting this: get a clue, you fucktarded amoeba. |
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304 | |
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305 | quanth |
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306 | |
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307 | common sense is beautiful, json::xs is fast, Anyevent, EV are fast and |
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308 | furious. I love mlehmannware ;) |
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309 | |
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310 | =head1 FREQUQNTLY ASKED QUESTIONS |
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311 | |
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312 | Or frequently-come-up confusions. |
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313 | |
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314 | =over 4 |
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315 | |
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316 | =item Is this module meant to be serious? |
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317 | |
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318 | Yes, we would have put it under the C<Acme::> namespace otherwise. |
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319 | |
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320 | =item But the manpage is written in a funny/stupid/... way? |
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321 | |
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322 | This was meant to make it clear that our common sense is a subjective |
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323 | thing and other people can use their own notions, taking the steam out |
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324 | of anybody who might be offended (as some people are always offended no |
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325 | matter what you do). |
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326 | |
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327 | This was a failure. |
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328 | |
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329 | But we hope the manpage still is somewhat entertaining even though it |
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330 | explains boring rationale. |
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331 | |
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332 | =item Why do you impose your conventions on my code? |
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333 | |
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334 | For some reason people keep thinking that C<common::sense> imposes |
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335 | process-wide limits, even though the SYNOPSIS makes it clear that it works |
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336 | like other similar modules - only on the scope that uses them. |
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337 | |
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338 | So, no, we don't - nobody is forced to use this module, and using a module |
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339 | that relies on common::sense does not impose anything on you. |
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340 | |
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341 | =item Why do you think only your notion of common::sense is valid? |
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342 | |
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343 | Well, we don't, and have clearly written this in the documentation to |
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344 | every single release. We were just faster than anybody else w.r.t. to |
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345 | grabbing the namespace. |
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346 | |
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347 | =item But everybody knows that you have to use strict and use warnings, |
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348 | why do you disable them? |
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349 | |
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350 | Well, we don't do this either - we selectively disagree with the |
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351 | usefulness of some warnings over others. This module is aimed at |
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352 | experienced Perl programmers, not people migrating from other languages |
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353 | who might be surprised about stuff such as C<undef>. On the other hand, |
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354 | this does not exclude the usefulness of this module for total newbies, due |
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355 | to its strictness in enforcing policy, while at the same time not limiting |
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356 | the expresive power of perl. |
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357 | |
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358 | This module is considerably I<more> strict than the canonical C<use |
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359 | strict; use warnings>, as it makes all its warnings fatal in nature, so |
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360 | you can not get away with as many things as with the canonical approach. |
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361 | |
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362 | This was not implemented in version 1.0 because of the daunting number |
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363 | of warning categories and the difficulty in getting exactly the set of |
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364 | warnings you wish (i.e. look at the SYNOPSIS in how complicated it is to |
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365 | get a specific set of warnings - it is not reasonable to put this into |
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366 | every module, the maintainance effort would be enourmous). |
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367 | |
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368 | =item But many modules C<use strict> or C<use warnings>, so the memory |
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369 | savings do not apply? |
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370 | |
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371 | I am suddenly so sad. |
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372 | |
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373 | But yes, that's true. Fortunately C<common::sense> still uses only a |
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374 | miniscule amount of RAM. |
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375 | |
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376 | =item But it adds another dependency to your modules! |
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377 | |
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378 | It's a fact, yeah. But it's trivial to install, most popular modules have |
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379 | many more dependencies and we consider dependencies a good thing - it |
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380 | leads to better APIs, more thought about interworking of modules and so |
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381 | on. |
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382 | |
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383 | =item Why do you use JSON and not YAML for your META.yml? |
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384 | |
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385 | This is not true - YAML supports a large subset of JSON, and this subset |
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386 | is what META.yml is written in, so it would be correct to say "the |
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387 | META.yml is written in a common subset of YAML and JSON". |
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388 | |
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389 | The META.yml follows the YAML, JSON and META.yml specifications, and is |
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390 | correctly parsed by CPAN, so if you have trouble with it, the problem is |
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391 | likely on your side. |
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392 | |
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393 | =item But! But! |
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394 | |
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395 | Yeah, we know. |
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396 | |
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397 | =back |
119 | |
398 | |
120 | =head1 AUTHOR |
399 | =head1 AUTHOR |
121 | |
400 | |
122 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
401 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
123 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
402 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
124 | |
403 | |
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404 | Robin Redeker, "<elmex at ta-sa.org>". |
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405 | |
125 | =cut |
406 | =cut |
126 | |
407 | |