[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/cvsroot/AnyEvent-MP/MP.pm

Comparing cvsroot/AnyEvent-MP/MP.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.23 by root, Tue Aug 4 18:46:16 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.37 by root, Fri Aug 7 16:47:23 2009 UTC

…		…
23		23
24	# more, smarter, matches (_any_ is exported by this module)	24	# more, smarter, matches (_any_ is exported by this module)
25	rcv $port, [child_died => $pid] => sub { ...	25	rcv $port, [child_died => $pid] => sub { ...
26	rcv $port, [_any_, _any_, 3] => sub { .. $_[2] is 3	26	rcv $port, [_any_, _any_, 3] => sub { .. $_[2] is 3
27		27
		28	# monitoring
		29	mon $port, $cb->(@msg) # callback is invoked on death
		30	mon $port, $otherport # kill otherport on abnormal death
		31	mon $port, $otherport, @msg # send message on death
		32
28	=head1 DESCRIPTION	33	=head1 DESCRIPTION
29		34
30	This module (-family) implements a simple message passing framework.	35	This module (-family) implements a simple message passing framework.
31		36
32	Despite its simplicity, you can securely message other processes running	37	Despite its simplicity, you can securely message other processes running
…		…
43		48
44	=over 4	49	=over 4
45		50
46	=item port	51	=item port
47		52
48	A port is something you can send messages to with the C<snd> function, and	53	A port is something you can send messages to (with the C<snd> function).
49	you can register C<rcv> handlers with. All C<rcv> handlers will receive	54
50	messages they match, messages will not be queued.	55	Some ports allow you to register C<rcv> handlers that can match specific
		56	messages. All C<rcv> handlers will receive messages they match, messages
		57	will not be queued.
51		58
52	=item port id - C<noderef#portname>	59	=item port id - C<noderef#portname>
53		60
54	A port id is always the noderef, a hash-mark (C<#>) as separator, followed	61	A port id is normaly the concatenation of a noderef, a hash-mark (C<#>) as
55	by a port name (a printable string of unspecified format).	62	separator, and a port name (a printable string of unspecified format). An
		63	exception is the the node port, whose ID is identical to its node
		64	reference.
56		65
57	=item node	66	=item node
58		67
59	A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node	68	A node is a single process containing at least one port - the node
60	port. You can send messages to node ports to let them create new ports,	69	port. You can send messages to node ports to find existing ports or to
61	among other things.	70	create new ports, among other things.
62		71
63	Initially, nodes are either private (single-process only) or hidden	72	Nodes are either private (single-process only), slaves (connected to a
64	(connected to a master node only). Only when they epxlicitly "become	73	master node only) or public nodes (connectable from unrelated nodes).
65	public" can you send them messages from unrelated other nodes.
66		74
67	=item noderef - C<host:port,host:port...>, C<id@noderef>, C<id>	75	=item noderef - C<host:port,host:port...>, C<id@noderef>, C<id>
68		76
69	A noderef is a string that either uniquely identifies a given node (for	77	A node reference is a string that either simply identifies the node (for
70	private and hidden nodes), or contains a recipe on how to reach a given	78	private and slave nodes), or contains a recipe on how to reach a given
71	node (for public nodes).	79	node (for public nodes).
72		80
		81	This recipe is simply a comma-separated list of C<address:port> pairs (for
		82	TCP/IP, other protocols might look different).
		83
		84	Node references come in two flavours: resolved (containing only numerical
		85	addresses) or unresolved (where hostnames are used instead of addresses).
		86
		87	Before using an unresolved node reference in a message you first have to
		88	resolve it.
		89
73	=back	90	=back
74		91
75	=head1 VARIABLES/FUNCTIONS	92	=head1 VARIABLES/FUNCTIONS
76		93
77	=over 4	94	=over 4
…		…
88		105
89	use AE ();	106	use AE ();
90		107
91	use base "Exporter";	108	use base "Exporter";
92		109
93	our $VERSION = '0.02';	110	our $VERSION = '0.1';
94	our @EXPORT = qw(	111	our @EXPORT = qw(
95	NODE $NODE *SELF node_of _any_	112	NODE $NODE *SELF node_of _any_
96	become_slave become_public	113	resolve_node initialise_node
97	snd rcv mon kil reg psub	114	snd rcv mon kil reg psub
98	port	115	port
99	);	116	);
100		117
101	our $SELF;	118	our $SELF;
…		…
111	The C<NODE> function returns, and the C<$NODE> variable contains	128	The C<NODE> function returns, and the C<$NODE> variable contains
112	the noderef of the local node. The value is initialised by a call	129	the noderef of the local node. The value is initialised by a call
113	to C<become_public> or C<become_slave>, after which all local port	130	to C<become_public> or C<become_slave>, after which all local port
114	identifiers become invalid.	131	identifiers become invalid.
115		132
116	=item $noderef = node_of $portid	133	=item $noderef = node_of $port
117		134
118	Extracts and returns the noderef from a portid or a noderef.	135	Extracts and returns the noderef from a portid or a noderef.
		136
		137	=item initialise_node $noderef, $seednode, $seednode...
		138
		139	=item initialise_node "slave/", $master, $master...
		140
		141	Before a node can talk to other nodes on the network it has to initialise
		142	itself - the minimum a node needs to know is it's own name, and optionally
		143	it should know the noderefs of some other nodes in the network.
		144
		145	This function initialises a node - it must be called exactly once (or
		146	never) before calling other AnyEvent::MP functions.
		147
		148	All arguments are noderefs, which can be either resolved or unresolved.
		149
		150	There are two types of networked nodes, public nodes and slave nodes:
		151
		152	=over 4
		153
		154	=item public nodes
		155
		156	For public nodes, C<$noderef> must either be a (possibly unresolved)
		157	noderef, in which case it will be resolved, or C<undef> (or missing), in
		158	which case the noderef will be guessed.
		159
		160	Afterwards, the node will bind itself on all endpoints and try to connect
		161	to all additional C<$seednodes> that are specified. Seednodes are optional
		162	and can be used to quickly bootstrap the node into an existing network.
		163
		164	=item slave nodes
		165
		166	When the C<$noderef> is the special string C<slave/>, then the node will
		167	become a slave node. Slave nodes cannot be contacted from outside and will
		168	route most of their traffic to the master node that they attach to.
		169
		170	At least one additional noderef is required: The node will try to connect
		171	to all of them and will become a slave attached to the first node it can
		172	successfully connect to.
		173
		174	=back
		175
		176	This function will block until all nodes have been resolved and, for slave
		177	nodes, until it has successfully established a connection to a master
		178	server.
		179
		180	Example: become a public node listening on the default node.
		181
		182	initialise_node;
		183
		184	Example: become a public node, and try to contact some well-known master
		185	servers to become part of the network.
		186
		187	initialise_node undef, "master1", "master2";
		188
		189	Example: become a public node listening on port C<4041>.
		190
		191	initialise_node 4041;
		192
		193	Example: become a public node, only visible on localhost port 4044.
		194
		195	initialise_node "locahost:4044";
		196
		197	Example: become a slave node to any of the specified master servers.
		198
		199	initialise_node "slave/", "master1", "192.168.13.17", "mp.example.net";
		200
		201	=item $cv = resolve_node $noderef
		202
		203	Takes an unresolved node reference that may contain hostnames and
		204	abbreviated IDs, resolves all of them and returns a resolved node
		205	reference.
		206
		207	In addition to C<address:port> pairs allowed in resolved noderefs, the
		208	following forms are supported:
		209
		210	=over 4
		211
		212	=item the empty string
		213
		214	An empty-string component gets resolved as if the default port (4040) was
		215	specified.
		216
		217	=item naked port numbers (e.g. C<1234>)
		218
		219	These are resolved by prepending the local nodename and a colon, to be
		220	further resolved.
		221
		222	=item hostnames (e.g. C<localhost:1234>, C<localhost>)
		223
		224	These are resolved by using AnyEvent::DNS to resolve them, optionally
		225	looking up SRV records for the C<aemp=4040> port, if no port was
		226	specified.
		227
		228	=back
119		229
120	=item $SELF	230	=item $SELF
121		231
122	Contains the current port id while executing C<rcv> callbacks or C<psub>	232	Contains the current port id while executing C<rcv> callbacks or C<psub>
123	blocks.	233	blocks.
…		…
126		236
127	Due to some quirks in how perl exports variables, it is impossible to	237	Due to some quirks in how perl exports variables, it is impossible to
128	just export C<$SELF>, all the symbols called C<SELF> are exported by this	238	just export C<$SELF>, all the symbols called C<SELF> are exported by this
129	module, but only C<$SELF> is currently used.	239	module, but only C<$SELF> is currently used.
130		240
131	=item snd $portid, type => @data	241	=item snd $port, type => @data
132		242
133	=item snd $portid, @msg	243	=item snd $port, @msg
134		244
135	Send the given message to the given port ID, which can identify either	245	Send the given message to the given port ID, which can identify either
136	a local or a remote port, and can be either a string or soemthignt hat	246	a local or a remote port, and can be either a string or soemthignt hat
137	stringifies a sa port ID (such as a port object :).	247	stringifies a sa port ID (such as a port object :).
138		248
…		…
148	JSON is used, then only strings, numbers and arrays and hashes consisting	258	JSON is used, then only strings, numbers and arrays and hashes consisting
149	of those are allowed (no objects). When Storable is used, then anything	259	of those are allowed (no objects). When Storable is used, then anything
150	that Storable can serialise and deserialise is allowed, and for the local	260	that Storable can serialise and deserialise is allowed, and for the local
151	node, anything can be passed.	261	node, anything can be passed.
152		262
153	=item kil $portid[, @reason]
154
155	Kill the specified port with the given C<@reason>.
156
157	If no C<@reason> is specified, then the port is killed "normally" (linked
158	ports will not be kileld, or even notified).
159
160	Otherwise, linked ports get killed with the same reason (second form of
161	C<mon>, see below).
162
163	Runtime errors while evaluating C<rcv> callbacks or inside C<psub> blocks
164	will be reported as reason C<< die => $@ >>.
165
166	Transport/communication errors are reported as C<< transport_error =>
167	$message >>.
168
169	=item $guard = mon $portid, $cb->(@reason)
170
171	=item $guard = mon $portid, $otherport
172
173	=item $guard = mon $portid, $otherport, @msg
174
175	Monitor the given port and do something when the port is killed.
176
177	In the first form, the callback is simply called with any number
178	of C<@reason> elements (no @reason means that the port was deleted
179	"normally"). Note also that I<< the callback B<must> never die >>, so use
180	C<eval> if unsure.
181
182	In the second form, the other port will be C<kil>'ed with C<@reason>, iff
183	a @reason was specified, i.e. on "normal" kils nothing happens, while
184	under all other conditions, the other port is killed with the same reason.
185
186	In the last form, a message of the form C<@msg, @reason> will be C<snd>.
187
188	Example: call a given callback when C<$port> is killed.
189
190	mon $port, sub { warn "port died because of <@_>\n" };
191
192	Example: kill ourselves when C<$port> is killed abnormally.
193
194	mon $port, $self;
195
196	Example: send us a restart message another C<$port> is killed.
197
198	mon $port, $self => "restart";
199
200	=cut
201
202	sub mon {
203	my ($noderef, $port, $cb) = ((split /#/, shift, 2), shift);
204
205	my $node = $NODE{$noderef} \|\| add_node $noderef;
206
207	#TODO: ports must not be references
208	if (!ref $cb or "AnyEvent::MP::Port" eq ref $cb) {
209	if (@_) {
210	# send a kill info message
211	my (@msg) = ($cb, @_);
212	$cb = sub { snd @msg, @_ };
213	} else {
214	# simply kill other port
215	my $port = $cb;
216	$cb = sub { kil $port, @_ if @_ };
217	}
218	}
219
220	$node->monitor ($port, $cb);
221
222	defined wantarray
223	and AnyEvent::Util::guard { $node->unmonitor ($port, $cb) }
224	}
225
226	=item $guard = mon_guard $port, $ref, $ref...
227
228	Monitors the given C<$port> and keeps the passed references. When the port
229	is killed, the references will be freed.
230
231	Optionally returns a guard that will stop the monitoring.
232
233	This function is useful when you create e.g. timers or other watchers and
234	want to free them when the port gets killed:
235
236	$port->rcv (start => sub {
237	my $timer; $timer = mon_guard $port, AE::timer 1, 1, sub {
238	undef $timer if 0.9 < rand;
239	});
240	});
241
242	=cut
243
244	sub mon_guard {
245	my ($port, @refs) = @_;
246
247	mon $port, sub { 0 && @refs }
248	}
249
250	=item $local_port = port	263	=item $local_port = port
251		264
252	Create a new local port object that supports message matching.	265	Create a new local port object that can be used either as a pattern
		266	matching port ("full port") or a single-callback port ("miniport"),
		267	depending on how C<rcv> callbacks are bound to the object.
253		268
254	=item $portid = port { my @msg = @_; $finished }	269	=item $port = port { my @msg = @_; $finished }
255		270
256	Creates a "mini port", that is, a very lightweight port without any	271	Creates a "miniport", that is, a very lightweight port without any pattern
257	pattern matching behind it, and returns its ID.	272	matching behind it, and returns its ID. Semantically the same as creating
		273	a port and calling C<rcv $port, $callback> on it.
258		274
259	The block will be called for every message received on the port. When the	275	The block will be called for every message received on the port. When the
260	callback returns a true value its job is considered "done" and the port	276	callback returns a true value its job is considered "done" and the port
261	will be destroyed. Otherwise it will stay alive.	277	will be destroyed. Otherwise it will stay alive.
262		278
263	The message will be passed as-is, no extra argument (i.e. no port id) will	279	The message will be passed as-is, no extra argument (i.e. no port id) will
264	be passed to the callback.	280	be passed to the callback.
265		281
266	If you need the local port id in the callback, this works nicely:	282	If you need the local port id in the callback, this works nicely:
267		283
268	my $port; $port = miniport {	284	my $port; $port = port {
269	snd $otherport, reply => $port;	285	snd $otherport, reply => $port;
270	};	286	};
271		287
272	=cut	288	=cut
		289
		290	sub rcv($@);
273		291
274	sub port(;&) {	292	sub port(;&) {
275	my $id = "$UNIQ." . $ID++;	293	my $id = "$UNIQ." . $ID++;
276	my $port = "$NODE#$id";	294	my $port = "$NODE#$id";
277		295
278	if (@_) {	296	if (@_) {
		297	rcv $port, shift;
		298	} else {
		299	$PORT{$id} = sub { }; # nop
		300	}
		301
		302	$port
		303	}
		304
		305	=item reg $port, $name
		306
		307	=item reg $name
		308
		309	Registers the given port (or C<$SELF><<< if missing) under the name
		310	C<$name>. If the name already exists it is replaced.
		311
		312	A port can only be registered under one well known name.
		313
		314	A port automatically becomes unregistered when it is killed.
		315
		316	=cut
		317
		318	sub reg(@) {
		319	my $port = @_ > 1 ? shift : $SELF \|\| Carp::croak 'reg: called with one argument only, but $SELF not set,';
		320
		321	$REG{$_[0]} = $port;
		322	}
		323
		324	=item rcv $port, $callback->(@msg)
		325
		326	Replaces the callback on the specified miniport (after converting it to
		327	one if required).
		328
		329	=item rcv $port, tagstring => $callback->(@msg), ...
		330
		331	=item rcv $port, $smartmatch => $callback->(@msg), ...
		332
		333	=item rcv $port, [$smartmatch...] => $callback->(@msg), ...
		334
		335	Register callbacks to be called on matching messages on the given full
		336	port (after converting it to one if required) and return the port.
		337
		338	The callback has to return a true value when its work is done, after
		339	which is will be removed, or a false value in which case it will stay
		340	registered.
		341
		342	The global C<$SELF> (exported by this module) contains C<$port> while
		343	executing the callback.
		344
		345	Runtime errors wdurign callback execution will result in the port being
		346	C<kil>ed.
		347
		348	If the match is an array reference, then it will be matched against the
		349	first elements of the message, otherwise only the first element is being
		350	matched.
		351
		352	Any element in the match that is specified as C<_any_> (a function
		353	exported by this module) matches any single element of the message.
		354
		355	While not required, it is highly recommended that the first matching
		356	element is a string identifying the message. The one-string-only match is
		357	also the most efficient match (by far).
		358
		359	Example: create a port and bind receivers on it in one go.
		360
		361	my $port = rcv port,
		362	msg1 => sub { ...; 0 },
		363	msg2 => sub { ...; 0 },
		364	;
		365
		366	Example: create a port, bind receivers and send it in a message elsewhere
		367	in one go:
		368
		369	snd $otherport, reply =>
		370	rcv port,
		371	msg1 => sub { ...; 0 },
		372	...
		373	;
		374
		375	=cut
		376
		377	sub rcv($@) {
		378	my $port = shift;
		379	my ($noderef, $portid) = split /#/, $port, 2;
		380
		381	($NODE{$noderef} \|\| add_node $noderef) == $NODE{""}
		382	or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on local ports, caught";
		383
		384	if (@_ == 1) {
279	my $cb = shift;	385	my $cb = shift;
		386	delete $PORT_DATA{$portid};
280	$PORT{$id} = sub {	387	$PORT{$portid} = sub {
281	local $SELF = $port;	388	local $SELF = $port;
282	eval {	389	eval {
283	&$cb	390	&$cb
284	and kil $id;	391	and kil $port;
285	};	392	};
286	_self_die if $@;	393	_self_die if $@;
287	};	394	};
288	} else {	395	} else {
		396	my $self = $PORT_DATA{$portid} \|\|= do {
289	my $self = bless {	397	my $self = bless {
290	id => "$NODE#$id",	398	id => $port,
291	}, "AnyEvent::MP::Port";	399	}, "AnyEvent::MP::Port";
292		400
293	$PORT_DATA{$id} = $self;
294	$PORT{$id} = sub {	401	$PORT{$portid} = sub {
295	local $SELF = $port;	402	local $SELF = $port;
296		403
297	eval {	404	eval {
298	for (@{ $self->{rc0}{$_[0]} }) {	405	for (@{ $self->{rc0}{$_[0]} }) {
299	$_ && &{$_->[0]}	406	$_ && &{$_->[0]}
300	&& undef $_;	407	&& undef $_;
301	}	408	}
302		409
303	for (@{ $self->{rcv}{$_[0]} }) {	410	for (@{ $self->{rcv}{$_[0]} }) {
304	$_ && [@_[1 .. @{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1]	411	$_ && [@_[1 .. @{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1]
305	&& &{$_->[0]}	412	&& &{$_->[0]}
306	&& undef $_;	413	&& undef $_;
307	}	414	}
308		415
309	for (@{ $self->{any} }) {	416	for (@{ $self->{any} }) {
310	$_ && [@_[0 .. $#{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1]	417	$_ && [@_[0 .. $#{$_->[1]}]] ~~ $_->[1]
311	&& &{$_->[0]}	418	&& &{$_->[0]}
312	&& undef $_;	419	&& undef $_;
		420	}
313	}	421	};
		422	_self_die if $@;
314	};	423	};
315	_self_die if $@;	424
		425	$self
316	};	426	};
317	}
318		427
319	$port
320	}
321
322	=item reg $portid, $name
323
324	Registers the given port under the name C<$name>. If the name already
325	exists it is replaced.
326
327	A port can only be registered under one well known name.
328
329	A port automatically becomes unregistered when it is killed.
330
331	=cut
332
333	sub reg(@) {
334	my ($portid, $name) = @_;
335
336	$REG{$name} = $portid;
337	}
338
339	=item rcv $portid, tagstring => $callback->(@msg), ...
340
341	=item rcv $portid, $smartmatch => $callback->(@msg), ...
342
343	=item rcv $portid, [$smartmatch...] => $callback->(@msg), ...
344
345	Register callbacks to be called on matching messages on the given port.
346
347	The callback has to return a true value when its work is done, after
348	which is will be removed, or a false value in which case it will stay
349	registered.
350
351	The global C<$SELF> (exported by this module) contains C<$portid> while
352	executing the callback.
353
354	Runtime errors wdurign callback execution will result in the port being
355	C<kil>ed.
356
357	If the match is an array reference, then it will be matched against the
358	first elements of the message, otherwise only the first element is being
359	matched.
360
361	Any element in the match that is specified as C<_any_> (a function
362	exported by this module) matches any single element of the message.
363
364	While not required, it is highly recommended that the first matching
365	element is a string identifying the message. The one-string-only match is
366	also the most efficient match (by far).
367
368	=cut
369
370	sub rcv($@) {
371	my ($noderef, $port) = split /#/, shift, 2;
372
373	($NODE{$noderef} \|\| add_node $noderef) == $NODE{""}
374	or Carp::croak "$noderef#$port: rcv can only be called on local ports, caught";
375
376	my $self = $PORT_DATA{$port}
377	or Carp::croak "$noderef#$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught";
378
379	"AnyEvent::MP::Port" eq ref $self	428	"AnyEvent::MP::Port" eq ref $self
380	or Carp::croak "$noderef#$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught";	429	or Carp::croak "$port: rcv can only be called on message matching ports, caught";
381		430
382	while (@_) {	431	while (@_) {
383	my ($match, $cb) = splice @_, 0, 2;	432	my ($match, $cb) = splice @_, 0, 2;
384		433
385	if (!ref $match) {	434	if (!ref $match) {
386	push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match} }, [$cb];	435	push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match} }, [$cb];
387	} elsif (("ARRAY" eq ref $match && !ref $match->[0])) {	436	} elsif (("ARRAY" eq ref $match && !ref $match->[0])) {
388	my ($type, @match) = @$match;	437	my ($type, @match) = @$match;
389	@match	438	@match
390	? push @{ $self->{rcv}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb, \@match]	439	? push @{ $self->{rcv}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb, \@match]
391	: push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb];	440	: push @{ $self->{rc0}{$match->[0]} }, [$cb];
392	} else {	441	} else {
393	push @{ $self->{any} }, [$cb, $match];	442	push @{ $self->{any} }, [$cb, $match];
		443	}
394	}	444	}
395	}	445	}
		446
		447	$port
396	}	448	}
397		449
398	=item $closure = psub { BLOCK }	450	=item $closure = psub { BLOCK }
399		451
400	Remembers C<$SELF> and creates a closure out of the BLOCK. When the	452	Remembers C<$SELF> and creates a closure out of the BLOCK. When the
…		…
431	$res	483	$res
432	}	484	}
433	}	485	}
434	}	486	}
435		487
436	=back	488	=item $guard = mon $port, $cb->(@reason)
437		489
438	=head1 FUNCTIONS FOR NODES	490	=item $guard = mon $port, $rcvport
439		491
440	=over 4	492	=item $guard = mon $port
441		493
442	=item become_public endpoint...	494	=item $guard = mon $port, $rcvport, @msg
443		495
444	Tells the node to become a public node, i.e. reachable from other nodes.	496	Monitor the given port and do something when the port is killed, and
		497	optionally return a guard that can be used to stop monitoring again.
445		498
446	If no arguments are given, or the first argument is C<undef>, then	499	In the first form (callback), the callback is simply called with any
447	AnyEvent::MP tries to bind on port C<4040> on all IP addresses that the	500	number of C<@reason> elements (no @reason means that the port was deleted
448	local nodename resolves to.	501	"normally"). Note also that I<< the callback B<must> never die >>, so use
		502	C<eval> if unsure.
449		503
450	Otherwise the first argument must be an array-reference with transport	504	In the second form (another port given), the other port (C<$rcvport)
451	endpoints ("ip:port", "hostname:port") or port numbers (in which case the	505	will be C<kil>'ed with C<@reason>, iff a @reason was specified, i.e. on
452	local nodename is used as hostname). The endpoints are all resolved and	506	"normal" kils nothing happens, while under all other conditions, the other
453	will become the node reference.	507	port is killed with the same reason.
454		508
		509	The third form (kill self) is the same as the second form, except that
		510	C<$rvport> defaults to C<$SELF>.
		511
		512	In the last form (message), a message of the form C<@msg, @reason> will be
		513	C<snd>.
		514
		515	As a rule of thumb, monitoring requests should always monitor a port from
		516	a local port (or callback). The reason is that kill messages might get
		517	lost, just like any other message. Another less obvious reason is that
		518	even monitoring requests can get lost (for exmaple, when the connection
		519	to the other node goes down permanently). When monitoring a port locally
		520	these problems do not exist.
		521
		522	Example: call a given callback when C<$port> is killed.
		523
		524	mon $port, sub { warn "port died because of <@_>\n" };
		525
		526	Example: kill ourselves when C<$port> is killed abnormally.
		527
		528	mon $port;
		529
		530	Example: send us a restart message when another C<$port> is killed.
		531
		532	mon $port, $self => "restart";
		533
455	=cut	534	=cut
		535
		536	sub mon {
		537	my ($noderef, $port) = split /#/, shift, 2;
		538
		539	my $node = $NODE{$noderef} \|\| add_node $noderef;
		540
		541	my $cb = @_ ? $_[0] : $SELF \|\| Carp::croak 'mon: called with one argument only, but $SELF not set,';
		542
		543	unless (ref $cb) {
		544	if (@_) {
		545	# send a kill info message
		546	my (@msg) = @_;
		547	$cb = sub { snd @msg, @_ };
		548	} else {
		549	# simply kill other port
		550	my $port = $cb;
		551	$cb = sub { kil $port, @_ if @_ };
		552	}
		553	}
		554
		555	$node->monitor ($port, $cb);
		556
		557	defined wantarray
		558	and AnyEvent::Util::guard { $node->unmonitor ($port, $cb) }
		559	}
		560
		561	=item $guard = mon_guard $port, $ref, $ref...
		562
		563	Monitors the given C<$port> and keeps the passed references. When the port
		564	is killed, the references will be freed.
		565
		566	Optionally returns a guard that will stop the monitoring.
		567
		568	This function is useful when you create e.g. timers or other watchers and
		569	want to free them when the port gets killed:
		570
		571	$port->rcv (start => sub {
		572	my $timer; $timer = mon_guard $port, AE::timer 1, 1, sub {
		573	undef $timer if 0.9 < rand;
		574	});
		575	});
		576
		577	=cut
		578
		579	sub mon_guard {
		580	my ($port, @refs) = @_;
		581
		582	#TODO: mon-less form?
		583
		584	mon $port, sub { 0 && @refs }
		585	}
		586
		587	=item kil $port[, @reason]
		588
		589	Kill the specified port with the given C<@reason>.
		590
		591	If no C<@reason> is specified, then the port is killed "normally" (linked
		592	ports will not be kileld, or even notified).
		593
		594	Otherwise, linked ports get killed with the same reason (second form of
		595	C<mon>, see below).
		596
		597	Runtime errors while evaluating C<rcv> callbacks or inside C<psub> blocks
		598	will be reported as reason C<< die => $@ >>.
		599
		600	Transport/communication errors are reported as C<< transport_error =>
		601	$message >>.
456		602
457	=back	603	=back
458		604
459	=head1 NODE MESSAGES	605	=head1 NODE MESSAGES
460		606
461	Nodes understand the following messages sent to them. Many of them take	607	Nodes understand the following messages sent to them. Many of them take
462	arguments called C<@reply>, which will simply be used to compose a reply	608	arguments called C<@reply>, which will simply be used to compose a reply
463	message - C<$reply[0]> is the port to reply to, C<$reply[1]> the type and	609	message - C<$reply[0]> is the port to reply to, C<$reply[1]> the type and
464	the remaining arguments are simply the message data.	610	the remaining arguments are simply the message data.
465		611
		612	While other messages exist, they are not public and subject to change.
		613
466	=over 4	614	=over 4
467		615
468	=cut	616	=cut
469		617
470	=item lookup => $name, @reply	618	=item lookup => $name, @reply
…		…
498	snd $NODE, time => $myport, timereply => 1, 2;	646	snd $NODE, time => $myport, timereply => 1, 2;
499	# => snd $myport, timereply => 1, 2, <time>	647	# => snd $myport, timereply => 1, 2, <time>
500		648
501	=back	649	=back
502		650
		651	=head1 AnyEvent::MP vs. Distributed Erlang
		652
		653	AnyEvent::MP got lots of its ideas from distributed Erlang (Erlang node
		654	== aemp node, Erlang process == aemp port), so many of the documents and
		655	programming techniques employed by Erlang apply to AnyEvent::MP. Here is a
		656	sample:
		657
		658	http://www.Erlang.se/doc/programming_rules.shtml
		659	http://Erlang.org/doc/getting_started/part_frame.html # chapters 3 and 4
		660	http://Erlang.org/download/Erlang-book-part1.pdf # chapters 5 and 6
		661	http://Erlang.org/download/armstrong_thesis_2003.pdf # chapters 4 and 5
		662
		663	Despite the similarities, there are also some important differences:
		664
		665	=over 4
		666
		667	=item * Node references contain the recipe on how to contact them.
		668
		669	Erlang relies on special naming and DNS to work everywhere in the
		670	same way. AEMP relies on each node knowing it's own address(es), with
		671	convenience functionality.
		672
		673	This means that AEMP requires a less tightly controlled environment at the
		674	cost of longer node references and a slightly higher management overhead.
		675
		676	=item * Erlang uses processes and a mailbox, AEMP does not queue.
		677
		678	Erlang uses processes that selctively receive messages, and therefore
		679	needs a queue. AEMP is event based, queuing messages would serve no useful
		680	purpose.
		681
		682	(But see L<Coro::MP> for a more Erlang-like process model on top of AEMP).
		683
		684	=item * Erlang sends are synchronous, AEMP sends are asynchronous.
		685
		686	Sending messages in Erlang is synchronous and blocks the process. AEMP
		687	sends are immediate, connection establishment is handled in the
		688	background.
		689
		690	=item * Erlang can silently lose messages, AEMP cannot.
		691
		692	Erlang makes few guarantees on messages delivery - messages can get lost
		693	without any of the processes realising it (i.e. you send messages a, b,
		694	and c, and the other side only receives messages a and c).
		695
		696	AEMP guarantees correct ordering, and the guarantee that there are no
		697	holes in the message sequence.
		698
		699	=item * In Erlang, processes can be declared dead and later be found to be
		700	alive.
		701
		702	In Erlang it can happen that a monitored process is declared dead and
		703	linked processes get killed, but later it turns out that the process is
		704	still alive - and can receive messages.
		705
		706	In AEMP, when port monitoring detects a port as dead, then that port will
		707	eventually be killed - it cannot happen that a node detects a port as dead
		708	and then later sends messages to it, finding it is still alive.
		709
		710	=item * Erlang can send messages to the wrong port, AEMP does not.
		711
		712	In Erlang it is quite possible that a node that restarts reuses a process
		713	ID known to other nodes for a completely different process, causing
		714	messages destined for that process to end up in an unrelated process.
		715
		716	AEMP never reuses port IDs, so old messages or old port IDs floating
		717	around in the network will not be sent to an unrelated port.
		718
		719	=item * Erlang uses unprotected connections, AEMP uses secure
		720	authentication and can use TLS.
		721
		722	AEMP can use a proven protocol - SSL/TLS - to protect connections and
		723	securely authenticate nodes.
		724
		725	=item * The AEMP protocol is optimised for both text-based and binary
		726	communications.
		727
		728	The AEMP protocol, unlike the Erlang protocol, supports both
		729	language-independent text-only protocols (good for debugging) and binary,
		730	language-specific serialisers (e.g. Storable).
		731
		732	It has also been carefully designed to be implementable in other languages
		733	with a minimum of work while gracefully degrading fucntionality to make the
		734	protocol simple.
		735
		736	=item * AEMP has more flexible monitoring options than Erlang.
		737
		738	In Erlang, you can chose to receive I<all> exit signals as messages
		739	or I<none>, there is no in-between, so monitoring single processes is
		740	difficult to implement. Monitoring in AEMP is more flexible than in
		741	Erlang, as one can choose between automatic kill, exit message or callback
		742	on a per-process basis.
		743
		744	=item * Erlang tries to hide remote/local connections, AEMP does not.
		745
		746	Monitoring in Erlang is not an indicator of process death/crashes,
		747	as linking is (except linking is unreliable in Erlang).
		748
		749	In AEMP, you don't "look up" registered port names or send to named ports
		750	that might or might not be persistent. Instead, you normally spawn a port
		751	on the remote node. The init function monitors the you, and you monitor
		752	the remote port. Since both monitors are local to the node, they are much
		753	more reliable.
		754
		755	This also saves round-trips and avoids sending messages to the wrong port
		756	(hard to do in Erlang).
		757
		758	=back
		759
503	=head1 SEE ALSO	760	=head1 SEE ALSO
504		761
505	L<AnyEvent>.	762	L<AnyEvent>.
506		763
507	=head1 AUTHOR	764	=head1 AUTHOR

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Revision 1.37 by root, Fri Aug 7 16:47:23 2009 UTC