[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/cvsroot/Async-Interrupt/Interrupt.pm

Comparing cvsroot/Async-Interrupt/Interrupt.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.1 by root, Thu Jul 2 13:41:44 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.8 by root, Sun Jul 12 01:44:01 2009 UTC

…		…
7	use Async::Interrupt;	7	use Async::Interrupt;
8		8
9	=head1 DESCRIPTION	9	=head1 DESCRIPTION
10		10
11	This module implements a single feature only of interest to advanced perl	11	This module implements a single feature only of interest to advanced perl
12	modules, namely asynchronous interruptions (think "unix signals", which	12	modules, namely asynchronous interruptions (think "UNIX signals", which
13	are very similar).	13	are very similar).
14		14
15	Sometimes, modules wish to run code asynchronously (in another thread),	15	Sometimes, modules wish to run code asynchronously (in another thread,
16	and then signal the perl interpreter on certain events. One common way is	16	or from a signal handler), and then signal the perl interpreter on
17	to write some data to a pipe and use an event handling toolkit to watch	17	certain events. One common way is to write some data to a pipe and use an
18	for I/O events. Another way is to send a signal. Those methods are slow,	18	event handling toolkit to watch for I/O events. Another way is to send
19	and in the case of a pipe, also not asynchronous - it won't interrupt a	19	a signal. Those methods are slow, and in the case of a pipe, also not
20	running perl interpreter.	20	asynchronous - it won't interrupt a running perl interpreter.
21		21
22	This module implements asynchronous notifications that enable you to	22	This module implements asynchronous notifications that enable you to
23	signal running perl code form another thread, asynchronously, without	23	signal running perl code from another thread, asynchronously, and
24	issuing syscalls.	24	sometimes even without using a single syscall.
		25
		26	=head2 USAGE SCENARIOS
25		27
26	=over 4	28	=over 4
27		29
		30	=item Race-free signal handling
		31
		32	There seems to be no way to do race-free signal handling in perl: to
		33	catch a signal, you have to execute Perl code, and between entering the
		34	interpreter C<select> function (or other blocking functions) and executing
		35	the select syscall is a small but relevant timespan during which signals
		36	will be queued, but perl signal handlers will not be executed and the
		37	blocking syscall will not be interrupted.
		38
		39	You can use this module to bind a signal to a callback while at the same
		40	time activating an event pipe that you can C<select> on, fixing the race
		41	completely.
		42
		43	This can be used to implement the signal hadling in event loops,
		44	e.g. L<AnyEvent>, L<POE>, L<IO::Async::Loop> and so on.
		45
		46	=item Background threads want speedy reporting
		47
		48	Assume you want very exact timing, and you can spare an extra cpu core
		49	for that. Then you can run an extra thread that signals your perl
		50	interpreter. This means you can get a very exact timing source while your
		51	perl code is number crunching, without even using a syscall to communicate
		52	between your threads.
		53
		54	For example the deliantra game server uses a variant of this technique
		55	to interrupt background processes regularly to send map updates to game
		56	clients.
		57
		58	L<IO::AIO> and L<BDB> could also use this to speed up result reporting.
		59
		60	=item Speedy event loop invocation
		61
		62	One could use this module e.g. in L<Coro> to interrupt a running coro-thread
		63	and cause it to enter the event loop.
		64
		65	Or one could bind to C<SIGIO> and tell some important sockets to send this
		66	signal, causing the event loop to be entered to reduce network latency.
		67
		68	=back
		69
		70	=head2 HOW TO USE
		71
		72	You can use this module by creating an C<Async::Interrupt> object for each
		73	such event source. This object stores a perl and/or a C-level callback
		74	that is invoked when the C<Async::Interrupt> object gets signalled. It is
		75	executed at the next time the perl interpreter is running (i.e. it will
		76	interrupt a computation, but not an XS function or a syscall).
		77
		78	You can signal the C<Async::Interrupt> object either by calling it's C<<
		79	->signal >> method, or, more commonly, by calling a C function. There is
		80	also the built-in (POSIX) signal source.
		81
		82	The C<< ->signal_func >> returns the address of the C function that is to
		83	be called (plus an argument to be used during the call). The signalling
		84	function also takes an integer argument in the range SIG_ATOMIC_MIN to
		85	SIG_ATOMIC_MAX (guaranteed to allow at least 0..127).
		86
		87	Since this kind of interruption is fast, but can only interrupt a
		88	I<running> interpreter, there is optional support for signalling a pipe
		89	- that means you can also wait for the pipe to become readable (e.g. via
		90	L<EV> or L<AnyEvent>). This, of course, incurs the overhead of a C<read>
		91	and C<write> syscall.
		92
		93	=over 4
		94
28	=cut	95	=cut
29		96
30	package Async::Interrupt;	97	package Async::Interrupt;
31		98
		99	no warnings;
		100
32	BEGIN {	101	BEGIN {
33	$VERSION = '0.02';	102	$VERSION = '0.04';
34		103
35	require XSLoader;	104	require XSLoader;
36	XSLoader::load Async::Interrupt::, $VERSION;	105	XSLoader::load Async::Interrupt::, $VERSION;
37	}	106	}
38		107
		108	our $DIED = sub { warn "$@" };
		109
39	=item $async = new Async::Interrupt key => value...	110	=item $async = new Async::Interrupt key => value...
40		111
41	Creates a new Async::Interrupt object. You may only use async	112	Creates a new Async::Interrupt object. You may only use async
42	notifications on this object while it exists, so you need to keep a	113	notifications on this object while it exists, so you need to keep a
43	reference to it at all times while it is used.	114	reference to it at all times while it is used.
…		…
51		122
52	Registers a perl callback to be invoked whenever the async interrupt is	123	Registers a perl callback to be invoked whenever the async interrupt is
53	signalled.	124	signalled.
54		125
55	Note that, since this callback can be invoked at basically any time, it	126	Note that, since this callback can be invoked at basically any time, it
56	must not modify any well-known global variables such as C<$/>, C<$@> or	127	must not modify any well-known global variables such as C<$/> without
57	C<$!>, without restoring them again before returning.	128	restoring them again before returning.
58		129
		130	The exceptions are C<$!> and C<$@>, which are saved and restored by
		131	Async::Interrupt.
		132
		133	If the callback should throw an exception, then it will be caught,
		134	and C<$Async::Interrupt::DIED> will be called with C<$@> containing
		135	the exception. The default will simply C<warn> about the message and
		136	continue.
		137
59	=item c_cb => [$c_func, $c_data]	138	=item c_cb => [$c_func, $c_arg]
60		139
61	Registers a C callback the be invoked whenever the async interrupt is	140	Registers a C callback the be invoked whenever the async interrupt is
62	signalled.	141	signalled.
63		142
64	The C callback must have the following prototype:	143	The C callback must have the following prototype:
65		144
66	void c_func (pTHX_ void *c_data, int value);	145	void c_func (pTHX_ void *c_arg, int value);
67		146
68	Both C<$c_func> and C<$c_data> must be specified as integers/IVs.	147	Both C<$c_func> and C<$c_arg> must be specified as integers/IVs, and
		148	C<$value> is the C<value> passed to some earlier call to either C<$signal>
		149	or the C<signal_func> function.
69		150
70	Note that, because the callback can be invoked at almost any time, you	151	Note that, because the callback can be invoked at almost any time, you
71	have to be careful at saving and restoring global variables that Perl	152	have to be careful at saving and restoring global variables that Perl
72	might use, most notably C<errno>. The callback itself runs as part of the	153	might use (the exception is C<errno>, which is saved and restored by
73	perl context, so you can call any perl functions and modify any perl data	154	Async::Interrupt). The callback itself runs as part of the perl context,
74	structures.	155	so you can call any perl functions and modify any perl data structures (in
		156	which case the requirements set out for C<cb> apply as well).
75		157
76	=item fh => $fileno_or_fh	158	=item signal => $signame_or_value
77		159
		160	When this parameter is specified, then the Async::Interrupt will hook the
		161	given signal, that is, it will effectively call C<< ->signal (0) >> each time
		162	the given signal is caught by the process.
		163
		164	Only one async can hook a given signal, and the signal will be restored to
		165	defaults when the Async::Interrupt object gets destroyed.
		166
		167	=item pipe => [$fileno_or_fh_for_reading, $fileno_or_fh_for_writing]
		168
78	Specifies a file descriptor (or file handle) that should be signalled	169	Specifies two file descriptors (or file handles) that should be signalled
79	whenever the async interrupt is signalled. This means a single octet will	170	whenever the async interrupt is signalled. This means a single octet will
80	be written to it, and before the callback is being invoked, it will be	171	be written to it, and before the callback is being invoked, it will be
81	read again. Due to races, it is unlikely but possible that multiple octets	172	read again. Due to races, it is unlikely but possible that multiple octets
82	are written, therefore, it is recommended that the file handle is in	173	are written. It is required that the file handles are both in nonblocking
83	nonblocking mode.	174	mode.
84		175
85	(You can get a portable pipe and set non-blocking mode portably by using	176	You can get a portable pipe and set non-blocking mode portably by using
86	e.g. L<AnyEvent::Util> from the L<AnyEvent> distro).	177	e.g. L<AnyEvent::Util> from the L<AnyEvent> distribution.
87		178
		179	It is also possible to pass in a linux eventfd as both read and write
		180	handle (which is faster than a pipe).
		181
88	The object will keep a reference to the file handle.	182	The object will keep a reference to the file handles.
89		183
90	This can be used to ensure that async notifications will interrupt event	184	This can be used to ensure that async notifications will interrupt event
91	frameworks as well.	185	frameworks as well.
92		186
93	=back	187	=back
…		…
95	=cut	189	=cut
96		190
97	sub new {	191	sub new {
98	my ($class, %arg) = @_;	192	my ($class, %arg) = @_;
99		193
100	my $self = _alloc $arg{cb}, @{$arg{c_cb}}[0,1], $arg{fh};	194	bless \(_alloc $arg{cb}, @{$arg{c_cb}}[0,1], @{$arg{pipe}}[0,1], $arg{signal}), $class
101	bless \$self, $class
102	}	195	}
103		196
104	=item ($signal_func, $signal_arg) = $async->signal_cb	197	=item ($signal_func, $signal_arg) = $async->signal_func
105		198
106	Returns the address of a function to call asynchronously. The function has	199	Returns the address of a function to call asynchronously. The function has
107	the following prototype and needs to be passed the specified C<$c_arg>,	200	the following prototype and needs to be passed the specified C<$c_arg>,
108	which is a C<void *> cast to C<IV>:	201	which is a C<void *> cast to C<IV>:
109		202
…		…
111		204
112	An example call would look like:	205	An example call would look like:
113		206
114	signal_func (signal_arg, 0);	207	signal_func (signal_arg, 0);
115		208
116	The function is safe toc all from within signal and thread contexts, at	209	The function is safe to call from within signal and thread contexts, at
117	any time. The specified C<value> is passed to both C and Perl callback.	210	any time. The specified C<value> is passed to both C and Perl callback.
		211
		212	C<$value> must be in the valid range for a C<sig_atomic_t> (0..127 is
		213	portable).
118		214
119	If the function is called while the Async::Interrupt object is already	215	If the function is called while the Async::Interrupt object is already
120	signaled but before the callbacks are being executed, then the stored	216	signaled but before the callbacks are being executed, then the stored
121	C<value> is being overwritten. Due to the asynchronous nature of the code,	217	C<value> is either the old or the new one. Due to the asynchronous
122	the C<value> can even be passed to two consecutive invocations of the	218	nature of the code, the C<value> can even be passed to two consecutive
123	callback.	219	invocations of the callback.
124		220
125	=item $async->signal ($value=0)	221	=item $async->signal ($value=0)
126		222
127	This signals the given async object from Perl code. Semi-obviously, this	223	This signals the given async object from Perl code. Semi-obviously, this
128	will instantly trigger the callback invocation.	224	will instantly trigger the callback invocation.
129		225
		226	C<$value> must be in the valid range for a C<sig_atomic_t> (0..127 is
		227	portable).
		228
		229	=item $async->block
		230
		231	=item $async->unblock
		232
		233	Sometimes you need a "critical section" of code that will not be
		234	interrupted by an Async::Interrupt. This can be implemented by calling C<<
		235	$async->block >> before the critical section, and C<< $async->unblock >>
		236	afterwards.
		237
		238	Note that there must be exactly one call of C<unblock> for every previous
		239	call to C<block> (i.e. calls can nest).
		240
		241	Since ensuring this in the presence of exceptions and threads is
		242	usually more difficult than you imagine, I recommend using C<<
		243	$async->scoped_block >> instead.
		244
		245	=item $async->scope_block
		246
		247	This call C<< $async->block >> and installs a handler that is called when
		248	the current scope is exited (via an exception, by canceling the Coro
		249	thread, by calling last/goto etc.).
		250
		251	This is the recommended (and fastest) way to implement critical sections.
		252
		253	=item $async->pipe_enable
		254
		255	=item $async->pipe_disable
		256
		257	Enable/disable signalling the pipe when the interrupt occurs (default is
		258	enabled). Writing to a pipe is relatively expensive, so it can be disabled
		259	when you know you are not waiting for it (for example, with L<EV> you
		260	could disable the pipe in a check watcher, and enable it in a prepare
		261	watcher).
		262
		263	Note that when C<fd_disable> is in effect, no attempt to read from the
		264	pipe will be done.
		265
130	=cut	266	=cut
131		267
132	1;	268	1;
133		269
134	=back	270	=back
		271
		272	=head1 EXAMPLE
		273
		274	There really should be a complete C/XS example. Bug me about it. Better
		275	yet, create one.
		276
		277	=head1 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS AND LIMITATIONS
		278
		279	This module works by "hijacking" SIGKILL, which is guaranteed to always
		280	exist, but also cannot be caught, so is always available.
		281
		282	Basically, this module fakes the occurance of a SIGKILL signal and
		283	then intercepts the interpreter handling it. This makes normal signal
		284	handling slower (probably unmeasurably, though), but has the advantage
		285	of not requiring a special runops function, nor slowing down normal perl
		286	execution a bit.
		287
		288	It assumes that C<sig_atomic_t> and C<int> are both async-safe to modify
		289	(C<sig_atomic_> is used by this module, and perl itself uses C<int>, so we
		290	can assume that this is quite portable, at least w.r.t. signals).
135		291
136	=head1 AUTHOR	292	=head1 AUTHOR
137		293
138	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	294	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
139	http://home.schmorp.de/	295	http://home.schmorp.de/

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Comparing cvsroot/Async-Interrupt/Interrupt.pm (file contents): Revision 1.1 by root, Thu Jul 2 13:41:44 2009 UTC vs. Revision 1.8 by root, Sun Jul 12 01:44:01 2009 UTC

Diff Legend

Comparing cvsroot/Async-Interrupt/Interrupt.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.1 by root, Thu Jul 2 13:41:44 2009 UTC vs.
Revision 1.8 by root, Sun Jul 12 01:44:01 2009 UTC