… | |
… | |
14 | |
14 | |
15 | sub some_func : Coro { |
15 | sub some_func : Coro { |
16 | # some more async code |
16 | # some more async code |
17 | } |
17 | } |
18 | |
18 | |
19 | yield; |
19 | cede; |
20 | |
20 | |
21 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
21 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
22 | |
22 | |
23 | This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to |
23 | This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to |
24 | Threads but don't run in parallel. |
24 | threads but don't run in parallel. |
25 | |
25 | |
26 | This module is still experimental, see the BUGS section below. |
26 | In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables |
|
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27 | + @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own |
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28 | callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most |
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29 | important global variables. |
27 | |
30 | |
28 | =cut |
31 | =cut |
29 | |
32 | |
30 | package Coro; |
33 | package Coro; |
31 | |
34 | |
|
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35 | use strict; |
|
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36 | no warnings "uninitialized"; |
|
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37 | |
32 | use Coro::State; |
38 | use Coro::State; |
33 | |
39 | |
34 | use base Exporter; |
40 | use base qw(Coro::State Exporter); |
35 | |
41 | |
36 | $VERSION = 0.07; |
42 | our $idle; # idle handler |
|
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43 | our $main; # main coroutine |
|
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44 | our $current; # current coroutine |
37 | |
45 | |
|
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46 | our $VERSION = '2.5'; |
|
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47 | |
38 | @EXPORT = qw(async yield schedule terminate); |
48 | our @EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current); |
39 | @EXPORT_OK = qw($current); |
49 | our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( |
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50 | prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], |
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51 | ); |
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52 | our @EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}; |
40 | |
53 | |
41 | { |
54 | { |
42 | use subs 'async'; |
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43 | |
|
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44 | my @async; |
55 | my @async; |
|
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56 | my $init; |
45 | |
57 | |
46 | # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;() |
58 | # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;() |
47 | sub import { |
59 | sub import { |
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60 | no strict 'refs'; |
|
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61 | |
48 | Coro->export_to_level(1, @_); |
62 | Coro->export_to_level(1, @_); |
|
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63 | |
49 | my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE}; |
64 | my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE}; |
50 | *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub { |
65 | *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub { |
51 | my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift); |
66 | my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift); |
52 | my @attrs; |
67 | my @attrs; |
53 | for (@_) { |
68 | for (@_) { |
54 | if ($_ eq "Coro") { |
69 | if ($_ eq "Coro") { |
55 | push @async, $ref; |
70 | push @async, $ref; |
|
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71 | unless ($init++) { |
|
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72 | eval q{ |
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73 | sub INIT { |
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74 | &async(pop @async) while @async; |
|
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75 | } |
|
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76 | }; |
|
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77 | } |
56 | } else { |
78 | } else { |
57 | push @attrs, @_; |
79 | push @attrs, $_; |
58 | } |
80 | } |
59 | } |
81 | } |
60 | return $old ? $old->($package, $name, @attrs) : @attrs; |
82 | return $old ? $old->($package, $ref, @attrs) : @attrs; |
61 | }; |
83 | }; |
62 | } |
84 | } |
63 | |
85 | |
64 | sub INIT { |
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65 | async pop @async while @async; |
|
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66 | } |
|
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67 | } |
86 | } |
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87 | |
|
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88 | =over 4 |
68 | |
89 | |
69 | =item $main |
90 | =item $main |
70 | |
91 | |
71 | This coroutine represents the main program. |
92 | This coroutine represents the main program. |
72 | |
93 | |
73 | =cut |
94 | =cut |
74 | |
95 | |
75 | our $main = new Coro; |
96 | $main = new Coro; |
76 | |
97 | |
77 | =item $current |
98 | =item $current (or as function: current) |
78 | |
99 | |
79 | The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value is C<$main> (of course). |
100 | The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value |
|
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101 | is C<$main> (of course). |
|
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102 | |
|
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103 | This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance |
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104 | reasons. If performance is not essentiel you are encouraged to use the |
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105 | C<Coro::current> function instead. |
80 | |
106 | |
81 | =cut |
107 | =cut |
82 | |
108 | |
83 | # maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before... |
109 | # maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before... |
84 | if ($current) { |
110 | if ($current) { |
85 | $main->{specific} = $current->{specific}; |
111 | $main->{specific} = $current->{specific}; |
86 | } |
112 | } |
87 | |
113 | |
88 | our $current = $main; |
114 | $current = $main; |
|
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115 | |
|
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116 | sub current() { $current } |
89 | |
117 | |
90 | =item $idle |
118 | =item $idle |
91 | |
119 | |
92 | The coroutine to switch to when no other coroutine is running. The default |
120 | A callback that is called whenever the scheduler finds no ready coroutines |
93 | implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits. |
121 | to run. The default implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and |
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122 | exits. |
94 | |
123 | |
95 | =cut |
124 | This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and |
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125 | C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wakes up some |
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126 | coroutine. |
96 | |
127 | |
97 | # should be done using priorities :( |
128 | =cut |
98 | our $idle = new Coro sub { |
129 | |
|
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130 | $idle = sub { |
99 | print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n"; |
131 | print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n"; |
100 | exit(51); |
132 | exit (51); |
101 | }; |
133 | }; |
102 | |
134 | |
103 | # we really need priorities... |
135 | # this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine |
104 | my @ready; # the ready queue. hehe, rather broken ;) |
136 | # cannot destroy itself. |
|
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137 | my @destroy; |
|
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138 | my $manager; $manager = new Coro sub { |
|
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139 | while () { |
|
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140 | # by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it |
|
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141 | # while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has |
|
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142 | # been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager |
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143 | # can be called as many times as neccessary and will always |
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144 | # remove itself from the runqueue |
|
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145 | while (@destroy) { |
|
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146 | my $coro = pop @destroy; |
|
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147 | $coro->{status} ||= []; |
|
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148 | $_->ready for @{delete $coro->{join} || []}; |
|
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149 | |
|
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150 | # the next line destroys the coro state, but keeps the |
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151 | # process itself intact (we basically make it a zombie |
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152 | # process that always runs the manager thread, so it's possible |
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153 | # to transfer() to this process). |
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154 | $coro->_clone_state_from ($manager); |
|
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155 | } |
|
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156 | &schedule; |
|
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157 | } |
|
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158 | }; |
105 | |
159 | |
106 | # static methods. not really. |
160 | # static methods. not really. |
|
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161 | |
|
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162 | =back |
107 | |
163 | |
108 | =head2 STATIC METHODS |
164 | =head2 STATIC METHODS |
109 | |
165 | |
110 | Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only. |
166 | Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only. |
111 | |
167 | |
… | |
… | |
114 | =item async { ... } [@args...] |
170 | =item async { ... } [@args...] |
115 | |
171 | |
116 | Create a new asynchronous process and return it's process object |
172 | Create a new asynchronous process and return it's process object |
117 | (usually unused). When the sub returns the new process is automatically |
173 | (usually unused). When the sub returns the new process is automatically |
118 | terminated. |
174 | terminated. |
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175 | |
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176 | When the coroutine dies, the program will exit, just as in the main |
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177 | program. |
119 | |
178 | |
120 | # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments |
179 | # create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments |
121 | async { |
180 | async { |
122 | print "@_\n"; |
181 | print "@_\n"; |
123 | } 1,2,3,4; |
182 | } 1,2,3,4; |
124 | |
183 | |
125 | The coderef you submit MUST NOT be a closure that refers to variables |
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126 | in an outer scope. This does NOT work. Pass arguments into it instead. |
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127 | |
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128 | =cut |
184 | =cut |
129 | |
185 | |
130 | sub async(&@) { |
186 | sub async(&@) { |
131 | my $pid = new Coro @_; |
187 | my $pid = new Coro @_; |
132 | $pid->ready; |
188 | $pid->ready; |
133 | $pid; |
189 | $pid |
134 | } |
190 | } |
135 | |
191 | |
136 | =item schedule |
192 | =item schedule |
137 | |
193 | |
138 | Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current process will not be put |
194 | Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current process will not be put |
139 | into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will |
195 | into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will |
140 | never be called again. |
196 | never be called again. |
141 | |
197 | |
142 | =cut |
198 | =cut |
143 | |
199 | |
144 | my $prev; |
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145 | |
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146 | sub schedule { |
|
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147 | # should be done using priorities :( |
|
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148 | ($prev, $current) = ($current, shift @ready || $idle); |
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149 | Coro::State::transfer($prev, $current); |
|
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150 | } |
|
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151 | |
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152 | =item yield |
200 | =item cede |
153 | |
201 | |
154 | Yield to other processes. This function puts the current process into the |
202 | "Cede" to other processes. This function puts the current process into the |
155 | ready queue and calls C<schedule>. |
203 | ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the |
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204 | current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority. |
156 | |
205 | |
157 | =cut |
206 | =cut |
158 | |
207 | |
159 | sub yield { |
|
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160 | $current->ready; |
|
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161 | &schedule; |
|
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162 | } |
|
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163 | |
|
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164 | =item terminate |
208 | =item terminate [arg...] |
165 | |
209 | |
166 | Terminates the current process. |
210 | Terminates the current process with the given status values (see L<cancel>). |
167 | |
|
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168 | Future versions of this function will allow result arguments. |
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169 | |
211 | |
170 | =cut |
212 | =cut |
171 | |
213 | |
172 | sub terminate { |
214 | sub terminate { |
173 | $current->{_results} = [@_]; |
215 | $current->cancel (@_); |
174 | &schedule; |
|
|
175 | } |
216 | } |
176 | |
217 | |
177 | =back |
218 | =back |
178 | |
219 | |
179 | # dynamic methods |
220 | # dynamic methods |
… | |
… | |
185 | =over 4 |
226 | =over 4 |
186 | |
227 | |
187 | =item new Coro \&sub [, @args...] |
228 | =item new Coro \&sub [, @args...] |
188 | |
229 | |
189 | Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process |
230 | Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process |
190 | automatically terminates. To start the process you must first put it into |
231 | automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were |
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232 | called. To make the process run you must first put it into the ready queue |
191 | the ready queue by calling the ready method. |
233 | by calling the ready method. |
192 | |
234 | |
193 | The coderef you submit MUST NOT be a closure that refers to variables |
|
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194 | in an outer scope. This does NOT work. Pass arguments into it instead. |
|
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195 | |
|
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196 | =cut |
235 | =cut |
197 | |
236 | |
198 | sub _newcoro { |
237 | sub _new_coro { |
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238 | $current->_clear_idle_sp; # (re-)set the idle sp on the following cede |
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239 | _set_cede_self; # ensures that cede cede's us first |
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240 | cede; |
199 | terminate &{+shift}; |
241 | terminate &{+shift}; |
200 | } |
242 | } |
201 | |
243 | |
202 | sub new { |
244 | sub new { |
203 | my $class = shift; |
245 | my $class = shift; |
204 | bless { |
246 | |
205 | _coro_state => (new Coro::State $_[0] && \&_newcoro, @_), |
247 | $class->SUPER::new (\&_new_coro, @_) |
206 | }, $class; |
|
|
207 | } |
248 | } |
208 | |
249 | |
209 | =item $process->ready |
250 | =item $process->ready |
210 | |
251 | |
211 | Put the current process into the ready queue. |
252 | Put the given process into the ready queue. |
212 | |
253 | |
213 | =cut |
254 | =cut |
214 | |
255 | |
215 | sub ready { |
256 | =item $process->cancel (arg...) |
216 | push @ready, $_[0]; |
257 | |
|
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258 | Terminates the given process and makes it return the given arguments as |
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259 | status (default: the empty list). |
|
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260 | |
|
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261 | =cut |
|
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262 | |
|
|
263 | sub cancel { |
|
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264 | my $self = shift; |
|
|
265 | $self->{status} = [@_]; |
|
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266 | push @destroy, $self; |
|
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267 | $manager->ready; |
|
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268 | &schedule if $current == $self; |
|
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269 | } |
|
|
270 | |
|
|
271 | =item $process->join |
|
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272 | |
|
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273 | Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the |
|
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274 | C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times |
|
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275 | from multiple processes. |
|
|
276 | |
|
|
277 | =cut |
|
|
278 | |
|
|
279 | sub join { |
|
|
280 | my $self = shift; |
|
|
281 | unless ($self->{status}) { |
|
|
282 | push @{$self->{join}}, $current; |
|
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283 | &schedule; |
|
|
284 | } |
|
|
285 | wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0]; |
|
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286 | } |
|
|
287 | |
|
|
288 | =item $oldprio = $process->prio ($newprio) |
|
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289 | |
|
|
290 | Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the |
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291 | process. Higher priority processes get run before lower priority |
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292 | processes. Priorities are small signed integers (currently -4 .. +3), |
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293 | that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio |
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294 | to get then): |
|
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295 | |
|
|
296 | PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN |
|
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297 | 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4 |
|
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298 | |
|
|
299 | # set priority to HIGH |
|
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300 | current->prio(PRIO_HIGH); |
|
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301 | |
|
|
302 | The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any |
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303 | existing coroutine. |
|
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304 | |
|
|
305 | Changing the priority of the current process will take effect immediately, |
|
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306 | but changing the priority of processes in the ready queue (but not |
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307 | running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that |
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308 | process). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version. |
|
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309 | |
|
|
310 | =item $newprio = $process->nice ($change) |
|
|
311 | |
|
|
312 | Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e. |
|
|
313 | higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix). |
|
|
314 | |
|
|
315 | =item $olddesc = $process->desc ($newdesc) |
|
|
316 | |
|
|
317 | Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this |
|
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318 | process. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a process. |
|
|
319 | |
|
|
320 | =cut |
|
|
321 | |
|
|
322 | sub desc { |
|
|
323 | my $old = $_[0]{desc}; |
|
|
324 | $_[0]{desc} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
|
|
325 | $old; |
217 | } |
326 | } |
218 | |
327 | |
219 | =back |
328 | =back |
220 | |
329 | |
221 | =cut |
330 | =cut |
222 | |
331 | |
223 | 1; |
332 | 1; |
224 | |
333 | |
225 | =head1 BUGS |
334 | =head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS |
226 | |
335 | |
227 | - could be faster, especially when the core would introduce special |
336 | - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global |
228 | support for coroutines (like it does for threads). |
337 | destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults). |
229 | - there is still a memleak on coroutine termination that I could not |
338 | |
230 | identify. Could be as small as a single SV. |
339 | - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module |
231 | - this module is not well-tested. |
340 | from the same thread (this requirement might be losened in the future |
|
|
341 | to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow |
|
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342 | this). |
232 | |
343 | |
233 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
344 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
234 | |
345 | |
235 | L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, |
346 | Support/Utility: L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Util>. |
236 | L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Event>. |
347 | |
|
|
348 | Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>. |
|
|
349 | |
|
|
350 | Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::Select>. |
|
|
351 | |
|
|
352 | Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker> |
237 | |
353 | |
238 | =head1 AUTHOR |
354 | =head1 AUTHOR |
239 | |
355 | |
240 | Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com> |
356 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
241 | http://www.goof.com/pcg/marc/ |
357 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
242 | |
358 | |
243 | =cut |
359 | =cut |
244 | |
360 | |