[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/cvsroot/Coro/Coro.pm

Comparing cvsroot/Coro/Coro.pm (file contents):
Revision 1.129 by root, Wed Sep 19 22:33:08 2007 UTC vs.
Revision 1.181 by root, Fri May 9 22:04:37 2008 UTC

…		…
2		2
3	Coro - coroutine process abstraction	3	Coro - coroutine process abstraction
4		4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS	5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6		6
7	use Coro;	7	use Coro;
8		8
9	async {	9	async {
10	# some asynchronous thread of execution	10	# some asynchronous thread of execution
		11	print "2\n";
		12	cede; # yield back to main
		13	print "4\n";
11	};	14	};
12		15	print "1\n";
13	# alternatively create an async coroutine like this:	16	cede; # yield to coroutine
14		17	print "3\n";
15	sub some_func : Coro {	18	cede; # and again
16	# some more async code	19
17	}	20	# use locking
18		21	my $lock = new Coro::Semaphore;
19	cede;	22	my $locked;
		23
		24	$lock->down;
		25	$locked = 1;
		26	$lock->up;
20		27
21	=head1 DESCRIPTION	28	=head1 DESCRIPTION
22		29
23	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar	30	This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to
24	to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP	31	threads but don't (in general) run in parallel at the same time even
25	machines. The specific flavor of coroutine used in this module also	32	on SMP machines. The specific flavor of coroutine used in this module
26	guarantees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless	33	also guarantees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless
27	necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and	34	necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and
28	parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much	35	parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much
29	safer than threads programming.	36	safer and easier than threads programming.
30		37
31	(Perl, however, does not natively support real threads but instead does a	38	Unlike a normal perl program, however, coroutines allow you to have
32	very slow and memory-intensive emulation of processes using threads. This	39	multiple running interpreters that share data, which is especially useful
33	is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else).	40	to code pseudo-parallel processes, such as multiple HTTP-GET requests
		41	running concurrently.
		42
		43	Coroutines are also useful because Perl has no support for threads (the so
		44	called "threads" that perl offers are nothing more than the (bad) process
		45	emulation coming from the Windows platform: On standard operating systems
		46	they serve no purpose whatsoever, except by making your programs slow and
		47	making them use a lot of memory. Best disable them when building perl, or
		48	aks your software vendor/distributor to do it for you).
34		49
35	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +	50	In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables +
36	@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,	51	@_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain,
37	its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global	52	its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global
38	variables.	53	variables (see L<Coro::State> for more configuration).
39		54
40	=cut	55	=cut
41		56
42	package Coro;	57	package Coro;
43		58
…		…
50		65
51	our $idle; # idle handler	66	our $idle; # idle handler
52	our $main; # main coroutine	67	our $main; # main coroutine
53	our $current; # current coroutine	68	our $current; # current coroutine
54		69
55	our $VERSION = '3.7';	70	our $VERSION = 4.6;
56		71
57	our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);	72	our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub);
58	our %EXPORT_TAGS = (	73	our %EXPORT_TAGS = (
59	prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],	74	prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)],
60	);	75	);
61	our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready));	76	our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready));
62		77
63	{
64	my @async;
65	my $init;
66
67	# this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;()
68	sub import {
69	no strict 'refs';
70
71	Coro->export_to_level (1, @_);
72
73	my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE};
74	*{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub {
75	my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift);
76	my @attrs;
77	for (@_) {
78	if ($_ eq "Coro") {
79	push @async, $ref;
80	unless ($init++) {
81	eval q{
82	sub INIT {
83	&async(pop @async) while @async;
84	}
85	};
86	}
87	} else {
88	push @attrs, $_;
89	}
90	}
91	return $old ? $old->($package, $ref, @attrs) : @attrs;
92	};
93	}
94
95	}
96
97	=over 4	78	=over 4
98		79
99	=item $main	80	=item $Coro::main
100		81
101	This coroutine represents the main program.	82	This variable stores the coroutine object that represents the main
		83	program. While you cna C<ready> it and do most other things you can do to
		84	coroutines, it is mainly useful to compare again C<$Coro::current>, to see
		85	wether you are running in the main program or not.
102		86
103	=cut	87	=cut
104		88
105	$main = new Coro;	89	$main = new Coro;
106		90
107	=item $current (or as function: current)	91	=item $Coro::current
108		92
109	The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value	93	The coroutine object representing the current coroutine (the last
		94	coroutine that the Coro scheduler switched to). The initial value is
110	is C<$main> (of course).	95	C<$main> (of course).
111		96
112	This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. It is provided for performance	97	This variable is B<strictly> I<read-only>. You can take copies of the
113	reasons. If performance is not essential you are encouraged to use the	98	value stored in it and use it as any other coroutine object, but you must
114	C<Coro::current> function instead.	99	not otherwise modify the variable itself.
115		100
116	=cut	101	=cut
		102
		103	$main->{desc} = "[main::]";
117		104
118	# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...	105	# maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before...
119	$main->{specific} = $current->{specific}	106	$main->{_specific} = $current->{_specific}
120	if $current;	107	if $current;
121		108
122	_set_current $main;	109	_set_current $main;
123		110
124	sub current() { $current }	111	sub current() { $current } # [DEPRECATED]
125		112
126	=item $idle	113	=item $Coro::idle
127		114
128	A callback that is called whenever the scheduler finds no ready coroutines	115	This variable is mainly useful to integrate Coro into event loops. It is
129	to run. The default implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and	116	usually better to rely on L<Coro::AnyEvent> or LC<Coro::EV>, as this is
130	exits, because the program has no other way to continue.	117	pretty low-level functionality.
		118
		119	This variable stores a callback that is called whenever the scheduler
		120	finds no ready coroutines to run. The default implementation prints
		121	"FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits, because the program has no other way
		122	to continue.
131		123
132	This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and	124	This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and
133	C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a	125	C<Coro::AnyEvent> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a
134	coroutine so the scheduler can run it.	126	coroutine so the scheduler can run it.
135		127
		128	Note that the callback I<must not>, under any circumstances, block
		129	the current coroutine. Normally, this is achieved by having an "idle
		130	coroutine" that calls the event loop and then blocks again, and then
		131	readying that coroutine in the idle handler.
		132
		133	See L<Coro::Event> or L<Coro::AnyEvent> for examples of using this
		134	technique.
		135
136	Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event	136	Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event
137	handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively.	137	handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively itself.
138		138
139	=cut	139	=cut
140		140
141	$idle = sub {	141	$idle = sub {
142	require Carp;	142	require Carp;
…		…
149	# free coroutine data and mark as destructed	149	# free coroutine data and mark as destructed
150	$self->_destroy	150	$self->_destroy
151	or return;	151	or return;
152		152
153	# call all destruction callbacks	153	# call all destruction callbacks
154	$_->(@{$self->{status}})	154	$_->(@{$self->{_status}})
155	for @{(delete $self->{destroy_cb}) \|\| []};	155	for @{(delete $self->{_on_destroy}) \|\| []};
156	}	156	}
157		157
158	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine	158	# this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine
159	# cannot destroy itself.	159	# cannot destroy itself.
160	my @destroy;	160	my @destroy;
161	my $manager;	161	my $manager;
162		162
163	$manager = new Coro sub {	163	$manager = new Coro sub {
164	$current->desc ("[coro manager]");
165
166	while () {	164	while () {
167	(shift @destroy)->_cancel	165	(shift @destroy)->_cancel
168	while @destroy;	166	while @destroy;
169		167
170	&schedule;	168	&schedule;
171	}	169	}
172	};	170	};
173		171	$manager->desc ("[coro manager]");
174	$manager->prio (PRIO_MAX);	172	$manager->prio (PRIO_MAX);
175		173
176	# static methods. not really.
177
178	=back	174	=back
179		175
180	=head2 STATIC METHODS	176	=head2 SIMPLE COROUTINE CREATION
181
182	Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine only.
183		177
184	=over 4	178	=over 4
185		179
186	=item async { ... } [@args...]	180	=item async { ... } [@args...]
187		181
188	Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object	182	Create a new coroutine and return it's coroutine object (usually
189	(usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically	183	unused). The coroutine will be put into the ready queue, so
		184	it will start running automatically on the next scheduler run.
		185
		186	The first argument is a codeblock/closure that should be executed in the
		187	coroutine. When it returns argument returns the coroutine is automatically
190	terminated.	188	terminated.
		189
		190	The remaining arguments are passed as arguments to the closure.
		191
		192	See the C<Coro::State::new> constructor for info about the coroutine
		193	environment in which coroutines are executed.
191		194
192	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside	195	Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside
193	the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit,	196	the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit,
194	just as it would in the main program.	197	just as it would in the main program.
195		198
		199	If you do not want that, you can provide a default C<die> handler, or
		200	simply avoid dieing (by use of C<eval>).
		201
196	# create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments	202	Example: Create a new coroutine that just prints its arguments.
		203
197	async {	204	async {
198	print "@_\n";	205	print "@_\n";
199	} 1,2,3,4;	206	} 1,2,3,4;
200		207
201	=cut	208	=cut
…		…
207	}	214	}
208		215
209	=item async_pool { ... } [@args...]	216	=item async_pool { ... } [@args...]
210		217
211	Similar to C<async>, but uses a coroutine pool, so you should not call	218	Similar to C<async>, but uses a coroutine pool, so you should not call
212	terminate or join (although you are allowed to), and you get a coroutine	219	terminate or join on it (although you are allowed to), and you get a
213	that might have executed other code already (which can be good or bad :).	220	coroutine that might have executed other code already (which can be good
		221	or bad :).
214		222
		223	On the plus side, this function is faster than creating (and destroying)
		224	a completely new coroutine, so if you need a lot of generic coroutines in
		225	quick successsion, use C<async_pool>, not C<async>.
		226
215	Also, the block is executed in an C<eval> context and a warning will be	227	The code block is executed in an C<eval> context and a warning will be
216	issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as	228	issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as
217	C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy>	229	C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy>
218	will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel,	230	will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel,
219	which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling.	231	which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling (but is fine in the
		232	exceptional case).
220		233
221	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each job, otherwise the coroutine	234	The priority will be reset to C<0> after each run, tracing will be
222	will be re-used "as-is".	235	disabled, the description will be reset and the default output filehandle
		236	gets restored, so you can change all these. Otherwise the coroutine will
		237	be re-used "as-is": most notably if you change other per-coroutine global
		238	stuff such as C<$/> you I<must needs> to revert that change, which is most
		239	simply done by using local as in: C< local $/ >.
223		240
224	The pool size is limited to 8 idle coroutines (this can be adjusted by	241	The pool size is limited to C<8> idle coroutines (this can be adjusted by
225	changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), and there can be as many non-idle coros as	242	changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), and there can be as many non-idle coros as
226	required.	243	required.
227		244
228	If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a	245	If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a
229	single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool {	246	single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool
230	terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool.	247	{ terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In
		248	addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 16kb
		249	(adjustable via $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also be destroyed.
231		250
232	=cut	251	=cut
233		252
234	our $POOL_SIZE = 8;	253	our $POOL_SIZE = 8;
		254	our $POOL_RSS = 16 * 1024;
235	our @pool;	255	our @async_pool;
236		256
237	sub pool_handler {	257	sub pool_handler {
		258	my $cb;
		259
238	while () {	260	while () {
239	$current->{desc} = "[async_pool]";
240
241	eval {	261	eval {
242	my ($cb, @arg) = @{ delete $current->{_invoke} or return };	262	while () {
243	$cb->(@arg);	263	_pool_1 $cb;
		264	&$cb;
		265	_pool_2 $cb;
		266	&schedule;
		267	}
244	};	268	};
		269
		270	last if $@ eq "\3async_pool terminate\2\n";
245	warn $@ if $@;	271	warn $@ if $@;
246
247	last if @pool >= $POOL_SIZE;
248
249	push @pool, $current;
250	$current->{desc} = "[async_pool idle]";
251	$current->save (Coro::State::SAVE_DEF);
252	$current->prio (0);
253	schedule;
254	}	272	}
255	}	273	}
256		274
257	sub async_pool(&@) {	275	sub async_pool(&@) {
258	# this is also inlined into the unlock_scheduler	276	# this is also inlined into the unlock_scheduler
259	my $coro = (pop @pool) \|\| new Coro \&pool_handler;;	277	my $coro = (pop @async_pool) \|\| new Coro \&pool_handler;
260		278
261	$coro->{_invoke} = [@_];	279	$coro->{_invoke} = [@_];
262	$coro->ready;	280	$coro->ready;
263		281
264	$coro	282	$coro
265	}	283	}
266		284
		285	=back
		286
		287	=head2 STATIC METHODS
		288
		289	Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine.
		290
		291	=over 4
		292
267	=item schedule	293	=item schedule
268		294
269	Calls the scheduler. Please note that the current coroutine will not be put	295	Calls the scheduler. The scheduler will find the next coroutine that is
		296	to be run from the ready queue and switches to it. The next coroutine
		297	to be run is simply the one with the highest priority that is longest
		298	in its ready queue. If there is no coroutine ready, it will clal the
		299	C<$Coro::idle> hook.
		300
		301	Please note that the current coroutine will I<not> be put into the ready
270	into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will	302	queue, so calling this function usually means you will never be called
271	never be called again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls	303	again unless something else (e.g. an event handler) calls C<< ->ready >>,
272	ready.	304	thus waking you up.
		305
		306	This makes C<schedule> I<the> generic method to use to block the current
		307	coroutine and wait for events: first you remember the current coroutine in
		308	a variable, then arrange for some callback of yours to call C<< ->ready
		309	>> on that once some event happens, and last you call C<schedule> to put
		310	yourself to sleep. Note that a lot of things can wake your coroutine up,
		311	so you need to check wether the event indeed happened, e.g. by storing the
		312	status in a variable.
273		313
274	The canonical way to wait on external events is this:	314	The canonical way to wait on external events is this:
275		315
276	{	316	{
277	# remember current coroutine	317	# remember current coroutine
…		…
290	Coro::schedule while $current;	330	Coro::schedule while $current;
291	}	331	}
292		332
293	=item cede	333	=item cede
294		334
295	"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the	335	"Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into
296	ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the	336	the ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving
297	current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority.	337	up the current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher
		338	priority. Once your coroutine gets its turn again it will automatically be
		339	resumed.
298		340
299	Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened.	341	This function is often called C<yield> in other languages.
300		342
301	=item Coro::cede_notself	343	=item Coro::cede_notself
302		344
303	Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to any	345	Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to I<any>
304	coroutine, regardless of priority, once.	346	coroutine, regardless of priority. This is useful sometimes to ensure
305		347	progress is made.
306	Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened.
307		348
308	=item terminate [arg...]	349	=item terminate [arg...]
309		350
310	Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).	351	Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>).
		352
		353	=item killall
		354
		355	Kills/terminates/cancels all coroutines except the currently running
		356	one. This is useful after a fork, either in the child or the parent, as
		357	usually only one of them should inherit the running coroutines.
		358
		359	Note that while this will try to free some of the main programs resources,
		360	you cnanot free all of them, so if a coroutine that is not the main
		361	program calls this function, there will be some one-time resource leak.
311		362
312	=cut	363	=cut
313		364
314	sub terminate {	365	sub terminate {
315	$current->cancel (@_);	366	$current->cancel (@_);
316	}	367	}
317		368
		369	sub killall {
		370	for (Coro::State::list) {
		371	$_->cancel
		372	if $_ != $current && UNIVERSAL::isa $_, "Coro";
		373	}
		374	}
		375
318	=back	376	=back
319		377
320	# dynamic methods
321
322	=head2 COROUTINE METHODS	378	=head2 COROUTINE METHODS
323		379
324	These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects.	380	These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects (or to create
		381	them).
325		382
326	=over 4	383	=over 4
327		384
328	=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]	385	=item new Coro \&sub [, @args...]
329		386
330	Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine	387	Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns, the coroutine
331	automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were	388	automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were
332	called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue	389	called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready
333	by calling the ready method.	390	queue by calling the ready method.
334		391
335	See C<async> for additional discussion.	392	See C<async> and C<Coro::State::new> for additional info about the
		393	coroutine environment.
336		394
337	=cut	395	=cut
338		396
339	sub _run_coro {	397	sub _run_coro {
340	terminate &{+shift};	398	terminate &{+shift};
…		…
346	$class->SUPER::new (\&_run_coro, @_)	404	$class->SUPER::new (\&_run_coro, @_)
347	}	405	}
348		406
349	=item $success = $coroutine->ready	407	=item $success = $coroutine->ready
350		408
351	Put the given coroutine into the ready queue (according to it's priority)	409	Put the given coroutine into the end of its ready queue (there is one
352	and return true. If the coroutine is already in the ready queue, do nothing	410	queue for each priority) and return true. If the coroutine is already in
353	and return false.	411	the ready queue, do nothing and return false.
		412
		413	This ensures that the scheduler will resume this coroutine automatically
		414	once all the coroutines of higher priority and all coroutines of the same
		415	priority that were put into the ready queue earlier have been resumed.
354		416
355	=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready	417	=item $is_ready = $coroutine->is_ready
356		418
357	Return wether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,	419	Return wether the coroutine is currently the ready queue or not,
358		420
…		…
364		426
365	=cut	427	=cut
366		428
367	sub cancel {	429	sub cancel {
368	my $self = shift;	430	my $self = shift;
369	$self->{status} = [@_];	431	$self->{_status} = [@_];
370		432
371	if ($current == $self) {	433	if ($current == $self) {
372	push @destroy, $self;	434	push @destroy, $self;
373	$manager->ready;	435	$manager->ready;
374	&schedule while 1;	436	&schedule while 1;
…		…
378	}	440	}
379		441
380	=item $coroutine->join	442	=item $coroutine->join
381		443
382	Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the	444	Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the
383	C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times	445	C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called concurrently
384	from multiple coroutine.	446	from multiple coroutines, and all will be resumed and given the status
		447	return once the C<$coroutine> terminates.
385		448
386	=cut	449	=cut
387		450
388	sub join {	451	sub join {
389	my $self = shift;	452	my $self = shift;
390		453
391	unless ($self->{status}) {	454	unless ($self->{_status}) {
392	my $current = $current;	455	my $current = $current;
393		456
394	push @{$self->{destroy_cb}}, sub {	457	push @{$self->{_on_destroy}}, sub {
395	$current->ready;	458	$current->ready;
396	undef $current;	459	undef $current;
397	};	460	};
398		461
399	&schedule while $current;	462	&schedule while $current;
400	}	463	}
401		464
402	wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0];	465	wantarray ? @{$self->{_status}} : $self->{_status}[0];
403	}	466	}
404		467
405	=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)	468	=item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb)
406		469
407	Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,	470	Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed,
408	but before it is joined. The callback gets passed the terminate arguments,	471	but before it is joined. The callback gets passed the terminate arguments,
409	if any.	472	if any, and I<must not> die, under any circumstances.
410		473
411	=cut	474	=cut
412		475
413	sub on_destroy {	476	sub on_destroy {
414	my ($self, $cb) = @_;	477	my ($self, $cb) = @_;
415		478
416	push @{ $self->{destroy_cb} }, $cb;	479	push @{ $self->{_on_destroy} }, $cb;
417	}	480	}
418		481
419	=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)	482	=item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio)
420		483
421	Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the	484	Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the
…		…
446	=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)	509	=item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc)
447		510
448	Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this	511	Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this
449	coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.	512	coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine.
450		513
		514	This method simply sets the C<< $coroutine->{desc} >> member to the given string. You
		515	can modify this member directly if you wish.
		516
		517	=item $coroutine->throw ([$scalar])
		518
		519	If C<$throw> is specified and defined, it will be thrown as an exception
		520	inside the coroutine at the next convinient point in time (usually after
		521	it gains control at the next schedule/transfer/cede). Otherwise clears the
		522	exception object.
		523
		524	The exception object will be thrown "as is" with the specified scalar in
		525	C<$@>, i.e. if it is a string, no line number or newline will be appended
		526	(unlike with C<die>).
		527
		528	This can be used as a softer means than C<cancel> to ask a coroutine to
		529	end itself, although there is no guarentee that the exception will lead to
		530	termination, and if the exception isn't caught it might well end the whole
		531	program.
		532
451	=cut	533	=cut
452		534
453	sub desc {	535	sub desc {
454	my $old = $_[0]{desc};	536	my $old = $_[0]{desc};
455	$_[0]{desc} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;	537	$_[0]{desc} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
…		…
463	=over 4	545	=over 4
464		546
465	=item Coro::nready	547	=item Coro::nready
466		548
467	Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,	549	Returns the number of coroutines that are currently in the ready state,
468	i.e. that can be switched to. The value C<0> means that the only runnable	550	i.e. that can be switched to by calling C<schedule> directory or
		551	indirectly. The value C<0> means that the only runnable coroutine is the
469	coroutine is the currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect,	552	currently running one, so C<cede> would have no effect, and C<schedule>
470	and C<schedule> would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler	553	would cause a deadlock unless there is an idle handler that wakes up some
471	that wakes up some coroutines.	554	coroutines.
472		555
473	=item my $guard = Coro::guard { ... }	556	=item my $guard = Coro::guard { ... }
474		557
475	This creates and returns a guard object. Nothing happens until the object	558	This creates and returns a guard object. Nothing happens until the object
476	gets destroyed, in which case the codeblock given as argument will be	559	gets destroyed, in which case the codeblock given as argument will be
…		…
505		588
506		589
507	=item unblock_sub { ... }	590	=item unblock_sub { ... }
508		591
509	This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,	592	This utility function takes a BLOCK or code reference and "unblocks" it,
510	returning the new coderef. This means that the new coderef will return	593	returning a new coderef. Unblocking means that calling the new coderef
511	immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the original code	594	will return immediately without blocking, returning nothing, while the
512	ref will be called (with parameters) from within its own coroutine.	595	original code ref will be called (with parameters) from within another
		596	coroutine.
513		597
514	The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the	598	The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the
515	venerable L<Event\|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form	599	venerable L<Event\|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form
516	of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,	600	of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks,
517	otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse.	601	otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse. The only event library
		602	currently known that is safe to use without C<unblock_sub> is L<EV>.
518		603
519	This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another	604	This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another
520	coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy	605	coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy
521	is when you use the L<Coro::AIO\|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to	606	is when you use the L<Coro::AIO\|Coro::AIO> functions to save results to
522	disk.	607	disk, for example.
523		608
524	In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when	609	In short: simply use C<unblock_sub { ... }> instead of C<sub { ... }> when
525	creating event callbacks that want to block.	610	creating event callbacks that want to block.
		611
		612	If your handler does not plan to block (e.g. simply sends a message to
		613	another coroutine, or puts some other coroutine into the ready queue),
		614	there is no reason to use C<unblock_sub>.
526		615
527	=cut	616	=cut
528		617
529	our @unblock_queue;	618	our @unblock_queue;
530		619
531	# we create a special coro because we want to cede,	620	# we create a special coro because we want to cede,
532	# to reduce pressure on the coro pool (because most callbacks	621	# to reduce pressure on the coro pool (because most callbacks
533	# return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede	622	# return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede
534	# inside an event callback.	623	# inside an event callback.
535	our $unblock_scheduler = async {	624	our $unblock_scheduler = new Coro sub {
536	$current->desc ("[unblock_sub scheduler]");
537	while () {	625	while () {
538	while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {	626	while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) {
539	# this is an inlined copy of async_pool	627	# this is an inlined copy of async_pool
540	my $coro = (pop @pool or new Coro \&pool_handler);	628	my $coro = (pop @async_pool) \|\| new Coro \&pool_handler;
541		629
542	$coro->{_invoke} = $cb;	630	$coro->{_invoke} = $cb;
543	$coro->ready;	631	$coro->ready;
544	cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool	632	cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool
545	}	633	}
546	schedule; # sleep well	634	schedule; # sleep well
547	}	635	}
548	};	636	};
		637	$unblock_scheduler->desc ("[unblock_sub scheduler]");
549		638
550	sub unblock_sub(&) {	639	sub unblock_sub(&) {
551	my $cb = shift;	640	my $cb = shift;
552		641
553	sub {	642	sub {
…		…
562		651
563	1;	652	1;
564		653
565	=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS	654	=head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS
566		655
567	- you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global
568	destruction. very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults).
569
570	- this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module	656	This module is not perl-pseudo-thread-safe. You should only ever use this
571	from the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future	657	module from the same thread (this requirement might be removed in the
572	to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow	658	future to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow
573	this).	659	this). I recommend disabling thread support and using processes, as this
		660	is much faster and uses less memory.
574		661
575	=head1 SEE ALSO	662	=head1 SEE ALSO
576		663
		664	Event-Loop integration: L<Coro::AnyEvent>, L<Coro::EV>, L<Coro::Event>.
		665
		666	Debugging: L<Coro::Debug>.
		667
577	Support/Utility: L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Util>.	668	Support/Utility: L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Util>.
578		669
579	Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.	670	Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>.
580		671
581	Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::Select>.	672	IO/Timers: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::AIO>.
582		673
583	Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker>	674	Compatibility: L<Coro::LWP>, L<Coro::BDB>, L<Coro::Storable>, L<Coro::Select>.
		675
		676	XS API: L<Coro::MakeMaker>.
		677
		678	Low level Configuration, Coroutine Environment: L<Coro::State>.
584		679
585	=head1 AUTHOR	680	=head1 AUTHOR
586		681
587	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>	682	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
588	http://home.schmorp.de/	683	http://home.schmorp.de/

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Comparing cvsroot/Coro/Coro.pm (file contents): Revision 1.129 by root, Wed Sep 19 22:33:08 2007 UTC vs. Revision 1.181 by root, Fri May 9 22:04:37 2008 UTC

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Revision 1.181 by root, Fri May 9 22:04:37 2008 UTC