1 | =head1 NAME |
1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | |
2 | |
3 | Coro - coroutine process abstraction |
3 | Coro - the only real threads in perl |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | use Coro; |
7 | use Coro; |
8 | |
8 | |
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26 | $locked = 1; |
26 | $locked = 1; |
27 | $lock->up; |
27 | $lock->up; |
28 | |
28 | |
29 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
29 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
30 | |
30 | |
31 | This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to |
31 | For a tutorial-style introduction, please read the L<Coro::Intro> |
32 | threads but don't (in general) run in parallel at the same time even |
32 | manpage. This manpage mainly contains reference information. |
33 | on SMP machines. The specific flavor of coroutine used in this module |
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34 | also guarantees you that it will not switch between coroutines unless |
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35 | necessary, at easily-identified points in your program, so locking and |
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36 | parallel access are rarely an issue, making coroutine programming much |
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37 | safer and easier than threads programming. |
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38 | |
33 | |
39 | Unlike a normal perl program, however, coroutines allow you to have |
34 | This module collection manages continuations in general, most often |
40 | multiple running interpreters that share data, which is especially useful |
35 | in the form of cooperative threads (also called coroutines in the |
41 | to code pseudo-parallel processes and for event-based programming, such as |
36 | documentation). They are similar to kernel threads but don't (in general) |
42 | multiple HTTP-GET requests running concurrently. See L<Coro::AnyEvent> to |
37 | run in parallel at the same time even on SMP machines. The specific flavor |
43 | learn more. |
38 | of thread offered by this module also guarantees you that it will not |
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39 | switch between threads unless necessary, at easily-identified points in |
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40 | your program, so locking and parallel access are rarely an issue, making |
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41 | thread programming much safer and easier than using other thread models. |
44 | |
42 | |
45 | Coroutines are also useful because Perl has no support for threads (the so |
43 | Unlike the so-called "Perl threads" (which are not actually real threads |
46 | called "threads" that perl offers are nothing more than the (bad) process |
44 | but only the windows process emulation ported to unix), Coro provides a |
47 | emulation coming from the Windows platform: On standard operating systems |
45 | full shared address space, which makes communication between threads |
48 | they serve no purpose whatsoever, except by making your programs slow and |
46 | very easy. And threads are fast, too: disabling the Windows process |
49 | making them use a lot of memory. Best disable them when building perl, or |
47 | emulation code in your perl and using Coro can easily result in a two to |
50 | aks your software vendor/distributor to do it for you). |
48 | four times speed increase for your programs. |
51 | |
49 | |
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50 | Coro achieves that by supporting multiple running interpreters that share |
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51 | data, which is especially useful to code pseudo-parallel processes and |
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52 | for event-based programming, such as multiple HTTP-GET requests running |
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53 | concurrently. See L<Coro::AnyEvent> to learn more on how to integrate Coro |
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54 | into an event-based environment. |
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55 | |
52 | In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables + |
56 | In this module, a thread is defined as "callchain + lexical variables + |
53 | @_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain, |
57 | @_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a thread has its own callchain, |
54 | its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global |
58 | its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global |
55 | variables (see L<Coro::State> for more configuration). |
59 | variables (see L<Coro::State> for more configuration and background info). |
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60 | |
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61 | See also the C<SEE ALSO> section at the end of this document - the Coro |
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62 | module family is quite large. |
56 | |
63 | |
57 | =cut |
64 | =cut |
58 | |
65 | |
59 | package Coro; |
66 | package Coro; |
60 | |
67 | |
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67 | |
74 | |
68 | our $idle; # idle handler |
75 | our $idle; # idle handler |
69 | our $main; # main coroutine |
76 | our $main; # main coroutine |
70 | our $current; # current coroutine |
77 | our $current; # current coroutine |
71 | |
78 | |
72 | our $VERSION = 5.0; |
79 | our $VERSION = 5.11; |
73 | |
80 | |
74 | our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub); |
81 | our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub); |
75 | our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( |
82 | our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( |
76 | prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], |
83 | prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], |
77 | ); |
84 | ); |
78 | our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready)); |
85 | our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready)); |
79 | |
86 | |
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87 | =head1 GLOBAL VARIABLES |
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88 | |
80 | =over 4 |
89 | =over 4 |
81 | |
90 | |
82 | =item $Coro::main |
91 | =item $Coro::main |
83 | |
92 | |
84 | This variable stores the coroutine object that represents the main |
93 | This variable stores the coroutine object that represents the main |
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105 | sub current() { $current } # [DEPRECATED] |
114 | sub current() { $current } # [DEPRECATED] |
106 | |
115 | |
107 | =item $Coro::idle |
116 | =item $Coro::idle |
108 | |
117 | |
109 | This variable is mainly useful to integrate Coro into event loops. It is |
118 | This variable is mainly useful to integrate Coro into event loops. It is |
110 | usually better to rely on L<Coro::AnyEvent> or LC<Coro::EV>, as this is |
119 | usually better to rely on L<Coro::AnyEvent> or L<Coro::EV>, as this is |
111 | pretty low-level functionality. |
120 | pretty low-level functionality. |
112 | |
121 | |
113 | This variable stores a callback that is called whenever the scheduler |
122 | This variable stores either a coroutine or a callback. |
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123 | |
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124 | If it is a callback, the it is called whenever the scheduler finds no |
114 | finds no ready coroutines to run. The default implementation prints |
125 | ready coroutines to run. The default implementation prints "FATAL: |
115 | "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits, because the program has no other way |
126 | deadlock detected" and exits, because the program has no other way to |
116 | to continue. |
127 | continue. |
117 | |
128 | |
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129 | If it is a coroutine object, then this object will be readied (without |
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130 | invoking any ready hooks, however) when the scheduler finds no other ready |
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131 | coroutines to run. |
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132 | |
118 | This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and |
133 | This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::EV> and |
119 | C<Coro::AnyEvent> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a |
134 | C<Coro::AnyEvent> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a |
120 | coroutine so the scheduler can run it. |
135 | coroutine so the scheduler can run it. |
121 | |
136 | |
122 | Note that the callback I<must not>, under any circumstances, block |
137 | Note that the callback I<must not>, under any circumstances, block |
123 | the current coroutine. Normally, this is achieved by having an "idle |
138 | the current coroutine. Normally, this is achieved by having an "idle |
124 | coroutine" that calls the event loop and then blocks again, and then |
139 | coroutine" that calls the event loop and then blocks again, and then |
125 | readying that coroutine in the idle handler. |
140 | readying that coroutine in the idle handler, or by simply placing the idle |
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141 | coroutine in this variable. |
126 | |
142 | |
127 | See L<Coro::Event> or L<Coro::AnyEvent> for examples of using this |
143 | See L<Coro::Event> or L<Coro::AnyEvent> for examples of using this |
128 | technique. |
144 | technique. |
129 | |
145 | |
130 | Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event |
146 | Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event |
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135 | $idle = sub { |
151 | $idle = sub { |
136 | require Carp; |
152 | require Carp; |
137 | Carp::croak ("FATAL: deadlock detected"); |
153 | Carp::croak ("FATAL: deadlock detected"); |
138 | }; |
154 | }; |
139 | |
155 | |
140 | sub _cancel { |
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141 | my ($self) = @_; |
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142 | |
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143 | # free coroutine data and mark as destructed |
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144 | $self->_destroy |
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145 | or return; |
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146 | |
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147 | # call all destruction callbacks |
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148 | $_->(@{$self->{_status}}) |
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149 | for @{ delete $self->{_on_destroy} || [] }; |
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150 | } |
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151 | |
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152 | # this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine |
156 | # this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine |
153 | # cannot destroy itself. |
157 | # cannot destroy itself. |
154 | our @destroy; |
158 | our @destroy; |
155 | our $manager; |
159 | our $manager; |
156 | |
160 | |
157 | $manager = new Coro sub { |
161 | $manager = new Coro sub { |
158 | while () { |
162 | while () { |
159 | (shift @destroy)->_cancel |
163 | Coro::_cancel shift @destroy |
160 | while @destroy; |
164 | while @destroy; |
161 | |
165 | |
162 | &schedule; |
166 | &schedule; |
163 | } |
167 | } |
164 | }; |
168 | }; |
165 | $manager->{desc} = "[coro manager]"; |
169 | $manager->{desc} = "[coro manager]"; |
166 | $manager->prio (PRIO_MAX); |
170 | $manager->prio (PRIO_MAX); |
167 | |
171 | |
168 | =back |
172 | =back |
169 | |
173 | |
170 | =head2 SIMPLE COROUTINE CREATION |
174 | =head1 SIMPLE COROUTINE CREATION |
171 | |
175 | |
172 | =over 4 |
176 | =over 4 |
173 | |
177 | |
174 | =item async { ... } [@args...] |
178 | =item async { ... } [@args...] |
175 | |
179 | |
176 | Create a new coroutine and return it's coroutine object (usually |
180 | Create a new coroutine and return its coroutine object (usually |
177 | unused). The coroutine will be put into the ready queue, so |
181 | unused). The coroutine will be put into the ready queue, so |
178 | it will start running automatically on the next scheduler run. |
182 | it will start running automatically on the next scheduler run. |
179 | |
183 | |
180 | The first argument is a codeblock/closure that should be executed in the |
184 | The first argument is a codeblock/closure that should be executed in the |
181 | coroutine. When it returns argument returns the coroutine is automatically |
185 | coroutine. When it returns argument returns the coroutine is automatically |
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212 | Similar to C<async>, but uses a coroutine pool, so you should not call |
216 | Similar to C<async>, but uses a coroutine pool, so you should not call |
213 | terminate or join on it (although you are allowed to), and you get a |
217 | terminate or join on it (although you are allowed to), and you get a |
214 | coroutine that might have executed other code already (which can be good |
218 | coroutine that might have executed other code already (which can be good |
215 | or bad :). |
219 | or bad :). |
216 | |
220 | |
217 | On the plus side, this function is faster than creating (and destroying) |
221 | On the plus side, this function is about twice as fast as creating (and |
218 | a completly new coroutine, so if you need a lot of generic coroutines in |
222 | destroying) a completely new coroutine, so if you need a lot of generic |
219 | quick successsion, use C<async_pool>, not C<async>. |
223 | coroutines in quick successsion, use C<async_pool>, not C<async>. |
220 | |
224 | |
221 | The code block is executed in an C<eval> context and a warning will be |
225 | The code block is executed in an C<eval> context and a warning will be |
222 | issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as |
226 | issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as |
223 | C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy> |
227 | C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy> |
224 | will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel, |
228 | will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel, |
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237 | coros as required. |
241 | coros as required. |
238 | |
242 | |
239 | If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a |
243 | If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a |
240 | single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool |
244 | single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool |
241 | { terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In |
245 | { terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In |
242 | addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 16kb |
246 | addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 32kb |
243 | (adjustable via $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also be destroyed. |
247 | (adjustable via $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also be destroyed. |
244 | |
248 | |
245 | =cut |
249 | =cut |
246 | |
250 | |
247 | our $POOL_SIZE = 8; |
251 | our $POOL_SIZE = 8; |
248 | our $POOL_RSS = 16 * 1024; |
252 | our $POOL_RSS = 32 * 1024; |
249 | our @async_pool; |
253 | our @async_pool; |
250 | |
254 | |
251 | sub pool_handler { |
255 | sub pool_handler { |
252 | my $cb; |
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253 | |
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254 | while () { |
256 | while () { |
255 | eval { |
257 | eval { |
256 | while () { |
258 | &{&_pool_handler} while 1; |
257 | _pool_1 $cb; |
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258 | &$cb; |
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259 | _pool_2 $cb; |
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260 | &schedule; |
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261 | } |
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262 | }; |
259 | }; |
263 | |
260 | |
264 | if ($@) { |
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265 | last if $@ eq "\3async_pool terminate\2\n"; |
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266 | warn $@; |
261 | warn $@ if $@; |
267 | } |
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268 | } |
262 | } |
269 | } |
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270 | |
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271 | sub async_pool(&@) { |
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272 | # this is also inlined into the unblock_scheduler |
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273 | my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler; |
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274 | |
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275 | $coro->{_invoke} = [@_]; |
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276 | $coro->ready; |
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277 | |
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278 | $coro |
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279 | } |
263 | } |
280 | |
264 | |
281 | =back |
265 | =back |
282 | |
266 | |
283 | =head2 STATIC METHODS |
267 | =head1 STATIC METHODS |
284 | |
268 | |
285 | Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current coroutine. |
269 | Static methods are actually functions that implicitly operate on the |
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270 | current coroutine. |
286 | |
271 | |
287 | =over 4 |
272 | =over 4 |
288 | |
273 | |
289 | =item schedule |
274 | =item schedule |
290 | |
275 | |
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339 | you cannot free all of them, so if a coroutine that is not the main |
324 | you cannot free all of them, so if a coroutine that is not the main |
340 | program calls this function, there will be some one-time resource leak. |
325 | program calls this function, there will be some one-time resource leak. |
341 | |
326 | |
342 | =cut |
327 | =cut |
343 | |
328 | |
344 | sub terminate { |
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345 | $current->{_status} = [@_]; |
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346 | push @destroy, $current; |
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347 | $manager->ready; |
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348 | do { &schedule } while 1; |
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349 | } |
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350 | |
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351 | sub killall { |
329 | sub killall { |
352 | for (Coro::State::list) { |
330 | for (Coro::State::list) { |
353 | $_->cancel |
331 | $_->cancel |
354 | if $_ != $current && UNIVERSAL::isa $_, "Coro"; |
332 | if $_ != $current && UNIVERSAL::isa $_, "Coro"; |
355 | } |
333 | } |
356 | } |
334 | } |
357 | |
335 | |
358 | =back |
336 | =back |
359 | |
337 | |
360 | =head2 COROUTINE METHODS |
338 | =head1 COROUTINE OBJECT METHODS |
361 | |
339 | |
362 | These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects (or to create |
340 | These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects (or to create |
363 | them). |
341 | them). |
364 | |
342 | |
365 | =over 4 |
343 | =over 4 |
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374 | See C<async> and C<Coro::State::new> for additional info about the |
352 | See C<async> and C<Coro::State::new> for additional info about the |
375 | coroutine environment. |
353 | coroutine environment. |
376 | |
354 | |
377 | =cut |
355 | =cut |
378 | |
356 | |
379 | sub _terminate { |
357 | sub _coro_run { |
380 | terminate &{+shift}; |
358 | terminate &{+shift}; |
381 | } |
359 | } |
382 | |
360 | |
383 | =item $success = $coroutine->ready |
361 | =item $success = $coroutine->ready |
384 | |
362 | |
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411 | $self->{_status} = [@_]; |
389 | $self->{_status} = [@_]; |
412 | $self->_cancel; |
390 | $self->_cancel; |
413 | } |
391 | } |
414 | } |
392 | } |
415 | |
393 | |
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394 | =item $coroutine->schedule_to |
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395 | |
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396 | Puts the current coroutine to sleep (like C<Coro::schedule>), but instead |
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397 | of continuing with the next coro from the ready queue, always switch to |
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398 | the given coroutine object (regardless of priority etc.). The readyness |
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399 | state of that coroutine isn't changed. |
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400 | |
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401 | This is an advanced method for special cases - I'd love to hear about any |
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402 | uses for this one. |
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403 | |
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404 | =item $coroutine->cede_to |
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405 | |
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406 | Like C<schedule_to>, but puts the current coroutine into the ready |
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407 | queue. This has the effect of temporarily switching to the given |
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408 | coroutine, and continuing some time later. |
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409 | |
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410 | This is an advanced method for special cases - I'd love to hear about any |
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411 | uses for this one. |
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412 | |
416 | =item $coroutine->throw ([$scalar]) |
413 | =item $coroutine->throw ([$scalar]) |
417 | |
414 | |
418 | If C<$throw> is specified and defined, it will be thrown as an exception |
415 | If C<$throw> is specified and defined, it will be thrown as an exception |
419 | inside the coroutine at the next convenient point in time. Otherwise |
416 | inside the coroutine at the next convenient point in time. Otherwise |
420 | clears the exception object. |
417 | clears the exception object. |
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518 | my $old = $_[0]{desc}; |
515 | my $old = $_[0]{desc}; |
519 | $_[0]{desc} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
516 | $_[0]{desc} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
520 | $old; |
517 | $old; |
521 | } |
518 | } |
522 | |
519 | |
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520 | sub transfer { |
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521 | require Carp; |
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522 | Carp::croak ("You must not call ->transfer on Coro objects. Use Coro::State objects or the ->schedule_to method. Caught"); |
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523 | } |
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524 | |
523 | =back |
525 | =back |
524 | |
526 | |
525 | =head2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS |
527 | =head1 GLOBAL FUNCTIONS |
526 | |
528 | |
527 | =over 4 |
529 | =over 4 |
528 | |
530 | |
529 | =item Coro::nready |
531 | =item Coro::nready |
530 | |
532 | |
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577 | original code ref will be called (with parameters) from within another |
579 | original code ref will be called (with parameters) from within another |
578 | coroutine. |
580 | coroutine. |
579 | |
581 | |
580 | The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the |
582 | The reason this function exists is that many event libraries (such as the |
581 | venerable L<Event|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form |
583 | venerable L<Event|Event> module) are not coroutine-safe (a weaker form |
582 | of thread-safety). This means you must not block within event callbacks, |
584 | of reentrancy). This means you must not block within event callbacks, |
583 | otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse. The only event library |
585 | otherwise you might suffer from crashes or worse. The only event library |
584 | currently known that is safe to use without C<unblock_sub> is L<EV>. |
586 | currently known that is safe to use without C<unblock_sub> is L<EV>. |
585 | |
587 | |
586 | This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another |
588 | This function allows your callbacks to block by executing them in another |
587 | coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy |
589 | coroutine where it is safe to block. One example where blocking is handy |
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610 | # return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede |
612 | # return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede |
611 | # inside an event callback. |
613 | # inside an event callback. |
612 | our $unblock_scheduler = new Coro sub { |
614 | our $unblock_scheduler = new Coro sub { |
613 | while () { |
615 | while () { |
614 | while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) { |
616 | while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) { |
615 | # this is an inlined copy of async_pool |
617 | &async_pool (@$cb); |
616 | my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler; |
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617 | |
618 | |
618 | $coro->{_invoke} = $cb; |
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619 | $coro->ready; |
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620 | cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool |
619 | # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool |
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620 | # as the chance is very high that the async_poll coro will be back |
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621 | # in the idle state when cede returns |
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622 | cede; |
621 | } |
623 | } |
622 | schedule; # sleep well |
624 | schedule; # sleep well |
623 | } |
625 | } |
624 | }; |
626 | }; |
625 | $unblock_scheduler->{desc} = "[unblock_sub scheduler]"; |
627 | $unblock_scheduler->{desc} = "[unblock_sub scheduler]"; |
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633 | } |
635 | } |
634 | } |
636 | } |
635 | |
637 | |
636 | =item $cb = Coro::rouse_cb |
638 | =item $cb = Coro::rouse_cb |
637 | |
639 | |
638 | Create and return a "rouse callback". That's a code reference that, when |
640 | Create and return a "rouse callback". That's a code reference that, |
639 | called, will save its arguments and notify the owner coroutine of the |
641 | when called, will remember a copy of its arguments and notify the owner |
640 | callback. |
642 | coroutine of the callback. |
641 | |
643 | |
642 | See the next function. |
644 | See the next function. |
643 | |
645 | |
644 | =item @args = Coro::rouse_wait [$cb] |
646 | =item @args = Coro::rouse_wait [$cb] |
645 | |
647 | |
646 | Wait for the specified rouse callback (or the last one tht was created in |
648 | Wait for the specified rouse callback (or the last one that was created in |
647 | this coroutine). |
649 | this coroutine). |
648 | |
650 | |
649 | As soon as the callback is invoked (or when the calback was invoked before |
651 | As soon as the callback is invoked (or when the callback was invoked |
650 | C<rouse_wait>), it will return a copy of the arguments originally passed |
652 | before C<rouse_wait>), it will return the arguments originally passed to |
651 | to the rouse callback. |
653 | the rouse callback. |
652 | |
654 | |
653 | See the section B<HOW TO WAIT FOR A CALLBACK> for an actual usage example. |
655 | See the section B<HOW TO WAIT FOR A CALLBACK> for an actual usage example. |
654 | |
656 | |
655 | =back |
657 | =back |
656 | |
658 | |
… | |
… | |
679 | |
681 | |
680 | Coro offers two functions specifically designed to make this easy, |
682 | Coro offers two functions specifically designed to make this easy, |
681 | C<Coro::rouse_cb> and C<Coro::rouse_wait>. |
683 | C<Coro::rouse_cb> and C<Coro::rouse_wait>. |
682 | |
684 | |
683 | The first function, C<rouse_cb>, generates and returns a callback that, |
685 | The first function, C<rouse_cb>, generates and returns a callback that, |
684 | when invoked, will save it's arguments and notify the coroutine that |
686 | when invoked, will save its arguments and notify the coroutine that |
685 | created the callback. |
687 | created the callback. |
686 | |
688 | |
687 | The second function, C<rouse_wait>, waits for the callback to be called |
689 | The second function, C<rouse_wait>, waits for the callback to be called |
688 | (by calling C<schedule> to go to sleep) and returns the arguments |
690 | (by calling C<schedule> to go to sleep) and returns the arguments |
689 | originally passed to the callback. |
691 | originally passed to the callback. |
… | |
… | |
736 | fix your libc and use a saner backend. |
738 | fix your libc and use a saner backend. |
737 | |
739 | |
738 | =item perl process emulation ("threads") |
740 | =item perl process emulation ("threads") |
739 | |
741 | |
740 | This module is not perl-pseudo-thread-safe. You should only ever use this |
742 | This module is not perl-pseudo-thread-safe. You should only ever use this |
741 | module from the same thread (this requirement might be removed in the |
743 | module from the first thread (this requirement might be removed in the |
742 | future to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow |
744 | future to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow |
743 | this). I recommend disabling thread support and using processes, as having |
745 | this). I recommend disabling thread support and using processes, as having |
744 | the windows process emulation enabled under unix roughly halves perl |
746 | the windows process emulation enabled under unix roughly halves perl |
745 | performance, even when not used. |
747 | performance, even when not used. |
746 | |
748 | |
… | |
… | |
763 | |
765 | |
764 | Debugging: L<Coro::Debug>. |
766 | Debugging: L<Coro::Debug>. |
765 | |
767 | |
766 | Support/Utility: L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Util>. |
768 | Support/Utility: L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Util>. |
767 | |
769 | |
768 | Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>. |
770 | Locking and IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, |
|
|
771 | L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>. |
769 | |
772 | |
770 | IO/Timers: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::AIO>. |
773 | I/O and Timers: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::AIO>. |
771 | |
774 | |
772 | Compatibility: L<Coro::LWP>, L<Coro::BDB>, L<Coro::Storable>, L<Coro::Select>. |
775 | Compatibility with other modules: L<Coro::LWP> (but see also L<AnyEvent::HTTP> for |
|
|
776 | a better-working alternative), L<Coro::BDB>, L<Coro::Storable>, |
|
|
777 | L<Coro::Select>. |
773 | |
778 | |
774 | XS API: L<Coro::MakeMaker>. |
779 | XS API: L<Coro::MakeMaker>. |
775 | |
780 | |
776 | Low level Configuration, Coroutine Environment: L<Coro::State>. |
781 | Low level Configuration, Thread Environment, Continuations: L<Coro::State>. |
777 | |
782 | |
778 | =head1 AUTHOR |
783 | =head1 AUTHOR |
779 | |
784 | |
780 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
785 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
781 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
786 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |