… | |
… | |
14 | |
14 | |
15 | sub some_func : Coro { |
15 | sub some_func : Coro { |
16 | # some more async code |
16 | # some more async code |
17 | } |
17 | } |
18 | |
18 | |
19 | yield; |
19 | cede; |
20 | |
20 | |
21 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
21 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
22 | |
22 | |
23 | This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to |
23 | This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar to |
24 | Threads but don't run in parallel. |
24 | threads but don't run in parallel. |
25 | |
25 | |
26 | This module is still experimental, see the BUGS section below. |
26 | In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables |
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27 | + @_ + $_ + $@ + $^W + C stack), that is, a coroutine has it's own |
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28 | callchain, it's own set of lexicals and it's own set of perl's most |
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29 | important global variables. |
27 | |
30 | |
28 | =cut |
31 | =cut |
29 | |
32 | |
30 | package Coro; |
33 | package Coro; |
31 | |
34 | |
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35 | no warnings qw(uninitialized); |
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36 | |
32 | use Coro::State; |
37 | use Coro::State; |
33 | |
38 | |
34 | use base Exporter; |
39 | use base Exporter; |
35 | |
40 | |
36 | $VERSION = 0.06; |
41 | $VERSION = 0.6; |
37 | |
42 | |
38 | @EXPORT = qw(async yield schedule terminate); |
43 | @EXPORT = qw(async cede schedule terminate current); |
39 | @EXPORT_OK = qw($current); |
44 | %EXPORT_TAGS = ( |
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45 | prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], |
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46 | ); |
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47 | @EXPORT_OK = @{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}; |
40 | |
48 | |
41 | { |
49 | { |
42 | use subs 'async'; |
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43 | |
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44 | my @async; |
50 | my @async; |
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51 | my $init; |
45 | |
52 | |
46 | # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;() |
53 | # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;() |
47 | sub import { |
54 | sub import { |
48 | Coro->export_to_level(1, @_); |
55 | Coro->export_to_level(1, @_); |
49 | my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE}; |
56 | my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE}; |
… | |
… | |
51 | my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift); |
58 | my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift); |
52 | my @attrs; |
59 | my @attrs; |
53 | for (@_) { |
60 | for (@_) { |
54 | if ($_ eq "Coro") { |
61 | if ($_ eq "Coro") { |
55 | push @async, $ref; |
62 | push @async, $ref; |
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63 | unless ($init++) { |
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64 | eval q{ |
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65 | sub INIT { |
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66 | &async(pop @async) while @async; |
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67 | } |
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68 | }; |
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69 | } |
56 | } else { |
70 | } else { |
57 | push @attrs, @_; |
71 | push @attrs, $_; |
58 | } |
72 | } |
59 | } |
73 | } |
60 | return $old ? $old->($package, $name, @attrs) : @attrs; |
74 | return $old ? $old->($package, $ref, @attrs) : @attrs; |
61 | }; |
75 | }; |
62 | } |
76 | } |
63 | |
77 | |
64 | sub INIT { |
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65 | async pop @async while @async; |
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66 | } |
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67 | } |
78 | } |
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79 | |
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80 | =over 4 |
68 | |
81 | |
69 | =item $main |
82 | =item $main |
70 | |
83 | |
71 | This coroutine represents the main program. |
84 | This coroutine represents the main program. |
72 | |
85 | |
73 | =cut |
86 | =cut |
74 | |
87 | |
75 | our $main = new Coro; |
88 | our $main = new Coro; |
76 | |
89 | |
77 | =item $current |
90 | =item $current (or as function: current) |
78 | |
91 | |
79 | The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value is C<$main> (of course). |
92 | The current coroutine (the last coroutine switched to). The initial value is C<$main> (of course). |
80 | |
93 | |
81 | =cut |
94 | =cut |
82 | |
95 | |
… | |
… | |
84 | if ($current) { |
97 | if ($current) { |
85 | $main->{specific} = $current->{specific}; |
98 | $main->{specific} = $current->{specific}; |
86 | } |
99 | } |
87 | |
100 | |
88 | our $current = $main; |
101 | our $current = $main; |
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102 | |
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103 | sub current() { $current } |
89 | |
104 | |
90 | =item $idle |
105 | =item $idle |
91 | |
106 | |
92 | The coroutine to switch to when no other coroutine is running. The default |
107 | The coroutine to switch to when no other coroutine is running. The default |
93 | implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits. |
108 | implementation prints "FATAL: deadlock detected" and exits. |
… | |
… | |
98 | our $idle = new Coro sub { |
113 | our $idle = new Coro sub { |
99 | print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n"; |
114 | print STDERR "FATAL: deadlock detected\n"; |
100 | exit(51); |
115 | exit(51); |
101 | }; |
116 | }; |
102 | |
117 | |
103 | # we really need priorities... |
118 | # this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine |
104 | ## my @ready; #d# |
119 | # cannot destroy itself. |
105 | our @ready = (); # the ready queue. hehe, rather broken ;) |
120 | my @destroy; |
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121 | my $manager; |
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122 | $manager = new Coro sub { |
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123 | while() { |
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124 | # by overwriting the state object with the manager we destroy it |
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125 | # while still being able to schedule this coroutine (in case it has |
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126 | # been readied multiple times. this is harmless since the manager |
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127 | # can be called as many times as neccessary and will always |
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128 | # remove itself from the runqueue |
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129 | while (@destroy) { |
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130 | my $coro = pop @destroy; |
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131 | $coro->{status} ||= []; |
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132 | $_->ready for @{delete $coro->{join} || []}; |
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133 | $coro->{_coro_state} = $manager->{_coro_state}; |
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134 | } |
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135 | &schedule; |
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136 | } |
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137 | }; |
106 | |
138 | |
107 | # static methods. not really. |
139 | # static methods. not really. |
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140 | |
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141 | =back |
108 | |
142 | |
109 | =head2 STATIC METHODS |
143 | =head2 STATIC METHODS |
110 | |
144 | |
111 | Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only. |
145 | Static methods are actually functions that operate on the current process only. |
112 | |
146 | |
… | |
… | |
128 | |
162 | |
129 | =cut |
163 | =cut |
130 | |
164 | |
131 | sub async(&@) { |
165 | sub async(&@) { |
132 | my $pid = new Coro @_; |
166 | my $pid = new Coro @_; |
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167 | $manager->ready; # this ensures that the stack is cloned from the manager |
133 | $pid->ready; |
168 | $pid->ready; |
134 | $pid; |
169 | $pid; |
135 | } |
170 | } |
136 | |
171 | |
137 | =item schedule |
172 | =item schedule |
… | |
… | |
140 | into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will |
175 | into the ready queue, so calling this function usually means you will |
141 | never be called again. |
176 | never be called again. |
142 | |
177 | |
143 | =cut |
178 | =cut |
144 | |
179 | |
145 | my $prev; |
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146 | |
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147 | sub schedule { |
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148 | # should be done using priorities :( |
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149 | ($prev, $current) = ($current, shift @ready || $idle); |
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150 | Coro::State::transfer($prev, $current); |
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151 | } |
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152 | |
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153 | =item yield |
180 | =item cede |
154 | |
181 | |
155 | Yield to other processes. This function puts the current process into the |
182 | "Cede" to other processes. This function puts the current process into the |
156 | ready queue and calls C<schedule>. |
183 | ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the |
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184 | current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority. |
157 | |
185 | |
158 | =cut |
186 | =cut |
159 | |
187 | |
160 | sub yield { |
188 | =item terminate [arg...] |
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189 | |
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190 | Terminates the current process. |
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191 | |
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192 | Future versions of this function will allow result arguments. |
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193 | |
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194 | =cut |
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195 | |
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196 | sub terminate { |
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197 | $current->{status} = [@_]; |
161 | $current->ready; |
198 | $current->cancel; |
162 | &schedule; |
199 | &schedule; |
163 | } |
200 | die; # NORETURN |
164 | |
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165 | =item terminate |
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166 | |
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167 | Terminates the current process. |
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168 | |
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169 | Future versions of this function will allow result arguments. |
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170 | |
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171 | =cut |
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172 | |
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173 | sub terminate { |
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174 | $current->{_results} = [@_]; |
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175 | &schedule; |
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176 | } |
201 | } |
177 | |
202 | |
178 | =back |
203 | =back |
179 | |
204 | |
180 | # dynamic methods |
205 | # dynamic methods |
… | |
… | |
186 | =over 4 |
211 | =over 4 |
187 | |
212 | |
188 | =item new Coro \&sub [, @args...] |
213 | =item new Coro \&sub [, @args...] |
189 | |
214 | |
190 | Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process |
215 | Create a new process and return it. When the sub returns the process |
191 | automatically terminates. To start the process you must first put it into |
216 | automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were |
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217 | called. To make the process run you must first put it into the ready queue |
192 | the ready queue by calling the ready method. |
218 | by calling the ready method. |
193 | |
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194 | The coderef you submit MUST NOT be a closure that refers to variables |
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195 | in an outer scope. This does NOT work. Pass arguments into it instead. |
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196 | |
219 | |
197 | =cut |
220 | =cut |
198 | |
221 | |
199 | sub _newcoro { |
222 | sub _newcoro { |
200 | terminate &{+shift}; |
223 | terminate &{+shift}; |
… | |
… | |
207 | }, $class; |
230 | }, $class; |
208 | } |
231 | } |
209 | |
232 | |
210 | =item $process->ready |
233 | =item $process->ready |
211 | |
234 | |
212 | Put the current process into the ready queue. |
235 | Put the given process into the ready queue. |
213 | |
236 | |
214 | =cut |
237 | =cut |
215 | |
238 | |
216 | sub ready { |
239 | =item $process->cancel |
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240 | |
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241 | Like C<terminate>, but terminates the specified process instead. |
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242 | |
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243 | =cut |
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244 | |
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245 | sub cancel { |
217 | push @ready, $_[0]; |
246 | push @destroy, $_[0]; |
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247 | $manager->ready; |
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248 | &schedule if $current == $_[0]; |
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249 | } |
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250 | |
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251 | =item $process->join |
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252 | |
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253 | Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the |
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254 | C<terminate> function. C<join> can be called multiple times from multiple |
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255 | processes. |
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256 | |
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257 | =cut |
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258 | |
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259 | sub join { |
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260 | my $self = shift; |
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261 | unless ($self->{status}) { |
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262 | push @{$self->{join}}, $current; |
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263 | &schedule; |
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264 | } |
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265 | wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0]; |
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266 | } |
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267 | |
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268 | =item $oldprio = $process->prio($newprio) |
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269 | |
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270 | Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the |
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271 | process. Higher priority processes get run before lower priority |
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272 | processes. Priorities are smalled signed integer (currently -4 .. +3), |
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273 | that you can refer to using PRIO_xxx constants (use the import tag :prio |
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274 | to get then): |
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275 | |
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276 | PRIO_MAX > PRIO_HIGH > PRIO_NORMAL > PRIO_LOW > PRIO_IDLE > PRIO_MIN |
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277 | 3 > 1 > 0 > -1 > -3 > -4 |
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278 | |
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279 | # set priority to HIGH |
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280 | current->prio(PRIO_HIGH); |
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281 | |
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282 | The idle coroutine ($Coro::idle) always has a lower priority than any |
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283 | existing coroutine. |
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284 | |
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285 | Changing the priority of the current process will take effect immediately, |
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286 | but changing the priority of processes in the ready queue (but not |
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287 | running) will only take effect after the next schedule (of that |
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288 | process). This is a bug that will be fixed in some future version. |
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289 | |
|
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290 | =cut |
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291 | |
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292 | sub prio { |
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293 | my $old = $_[0]{prio}; |
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294 | $_[0]{prio} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
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295 | $old; |
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296 | } |
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297 | |
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298 | =item $newprio = $process->nice($change) |
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299 | |
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300 | Similar to C<prio>, but subtract the given value from the priority (i.e. |
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301 | higher values mean lower priority, just as in unix). |
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302 | |
|
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303 | =cut |
|
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304 | |
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305 | sub nice { |
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306 | $_[0]{prio} -= $_[1]; |
|
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307 | } |
|
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308 | |
|
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309 | =item $olddesc = $process->desc($newdesc) |
|
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310 | |
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311 | Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this |
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312 | process. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a process. |
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313 | |
|
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314 | =cut |
|
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315 | |
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316 | sub desc { |
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317 | my $old = $_[0]{desc}; |
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318 | $_[0]{desc} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
|
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319 | $old; |
218 | } |
320 | } |
219 | |
321 | |
220 | =back |
322 | =back |
221 | |
323 | |
222 | =cut |
324 | =cut |
223 | |
325 | |
224 | 1; |
326 | 1; |
225 | |
327 | |
226 | =head1 BUGS |
328 | =head1 BUGS/LIMITATIONS |
227 | |
329 | |
228 | - could be faster, especially when the core would introduce special |
330 | - you must make very sure that no coro is still active on global destruction. |
229 | support for coroutines (like it does for threads). |
331 | very bad things might happen otherwise (usually segfaults). |
230 | - there is still a memleak on coroutine termination that I could not |
332 | - this module is not thread-safe. You should only ever use this module from |
231 | identify. Could be as small as a single SV. |
333 | the same thread (this requirement might be loosened in the future to |
232 | - this module is not well-tested. |
334 | allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow this). |
233 | |
335 | |
234 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
336 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
235 | |
337 | |
236 | L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, |
338 | L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, |
237 | L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Event>. |
339 | L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::RWLock>, |
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340 | L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>. |
238 | |
341 | |
239 | =head1 AUTHOR |
342 | =head1 AUTHOR |
240 | |
343 | |
241 | Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com> |
344 | Marc Lehmann <pcg@goof.com> |
242 | http://www.goof.com/pcg/marc/ |
345 | http://www.goof.com/pcg/marc/ |