… | |
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2 | |
2 | |
3 | Coro - coroutine process abstraction |
3 | Coro - coroutine process abstraction |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | use Coro; |
7 | use Coro; |
8 | |
8 | |
9 | async { |
9 | async { |
10 | # some asynchronous thread of execution |
10 | # some asynchronous thread of execution |
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11 | print "2\n"; |
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12 | cede; # yield back to main |
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13 | print "4\n"; |
11 | }; |
14 | }; |
12 | |
15 | print "1\n"; |
13 | # alternatively create an async coroutine like this: |
16 | cede; # yield to coroutine |
14 | |
17 | print "3\n"; |
15 | sub some_func : Coro { |
18 | cede; # and again |
16 | # some more async code |
19 | |
17 | } |
20 | # use locking |
18 | |
21 | my $lock = new Coro::Semaphore; |
19 | cede; |
22 | my $locked; |
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23 | |
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24 | $lock->down; |
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25 | $locked = 1; |
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26 | $lock->up; |
20 | |
27 | |
21 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
28 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
22 | |
29 | |
23 | This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar |
30 | This module collection manages coroutines. Coroutines are similar |
24 | to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP |
31 | to threads but don't run in parallel at the same time even on SMP |
… | |
… | |
33 | is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else). |
40 | is a performance win on Windows machines, and a loss everywhere else). |
34 | |
41 | |
35 | In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables + |
42 | In this module, coroutines are defined as "callchain + lexical variables + |
36 | @_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain, |
43 | @_ + $_ + $@ + $/ + C stack), that is, a coroutine has its own callchain, |
37 | its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global |
44 | its own set of lexicals and its own set of perls most important global |
38 | variables. |
45 | variables (see L<Coro::State> for more configuration). |
39 | |
46 | |
40 | =cut |
47 | =cut |
41 | |
48 | |
42 | package Coro; |
49 | package Coro; |
43 | |
50 | |
… | |
… | |
50 | |
57 | |
51 | our $idle; # idle handler |
58 | our $idle; # idle handler |
52 | our $main; # main coroutine |
59 | our $main; # main coroutine |
53 | our $current; # current coroutine |
60 | our $current; # current coroutine |
54 | |
61 | |
55 | our $VERSION = '3.7'; |
62 | our $VERSION = 4.6; |
56 | |
63 | |
57 | our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub); |
64 | our @EXPORT = qw(async async_pool cede schedule terminate current unblock_sub); |
58 | our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( |
65 | our %EXPORT_TAGS = ( |
59 | prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], |
66 | prio => [qw(PRIO_MAX PRIO_HIGH PRIO_NORMAL PRIO_LOW PRIO_IDLE PRIO_MIN)], |
60 | ); |
67 | ); |
61 | our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready)); |
68 | our @EXPORT_OK = (@{$EXPORT_TAGS{prio}}, qw(nready)); |
62 | |
69 | |
63 | { |
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64 | my @async; |
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65 | my $init; |
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66 | |
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67 | # this way of handling attributes simply is NOT scalable ;() |
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68 | sub import { |
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69 | no strict 'refs'; |
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70 | |
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71 | Coro->export_to_level (1, @_); |
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72 | |
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73 | my $old = *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"}{CODE}; |
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74 | *{(caller)[0]."::MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES"} = sub { |
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75 | my ($package, $ref) = (shift, shift); |
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76 | my @attrs; |
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77 | for (@_) { |
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78 | if ($_ eq "Coro") { |
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79 | push @async, $ref; |
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80 | unless ($init++) { |
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81 | eval q{ |
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82 | sub INIT { |
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83 | &async(pop @async) while @async; |
|
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84 | } |
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85 | }; |
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86 | } |
|
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87 | } else { |
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88 | push @attrs, $_; |
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89 | } |
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90 | } |
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91 | return $old ? $old->($package, $ref, @attrs) : @attrs; |
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92 | }; |
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93 | } |
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94 | |
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95 | } |
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96 | |
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97 | =over 4 |
70 | =over 4 |
98 | |
71 | |
99 | =item $main |
72 | =item $main |
100 | |
73 | |
101 | This coroutine represents the main program. |
74 | This coroutine represents the main program. |
… | |
… | |
116 | =cut |
89 | =cut |
117 | |
90 | |
118 | $main->{desc} = "[main::]"; |
91 | $main->{desc} = "[main::]"; |
119 | |
92 | |
120 | # maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before... |
93 | # maybe some other module used Coro::Specific before... |
121 | $main->{specific} = $current->{specific} |
94 | $main->{_specific} = $current->{_specific} |
122 | if $current; |
95 | if $current; |
123 | |
96 | |
124 | _set_current $main; |
97 | _set_current $main; |
125 | |
98 | |
126 | sub current() { $current } |
99 | sub current() { $current } |
… | |
… | |
134 | This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and |
107 | This hook is overwritten by modules such as C<Coro::Timer> and |
135 | C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a |
108 | C<Coro::Event> to wait on an external event that hopefully wake up a |
136 | coroutine so the scheduler can run it. |
109 | coroutine so the scheduler can run it. |
137 | |
110 | |
138 | Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event |
111 | Please note that if your callback recursively invokes perl (e.g. for event |
139 | handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively. |
112 | handlers), then it must be prepared to be called recursively itself. |
140 | |
113 | |
141 | =cut |
114 | =cut |
142 | |
115 | |
143 | $idle = sub { |
116 | $idle = sub { |
144 | require Carp; |
117 | require Carp; |
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… | |
151 | # free coroutine data and mark as destructed |
124 | # free coroutine data and mark as destructed |
152 | $self->_destroy |
125 | $self->_destroy |
153 | or return; |
126 | or return; |
154 | |
127 | |
155 | # call all destruction callbacks |
128 | # call all destruction callbacks |
156 | $_->(@{$self->{status}}) |
129 | $_->(@{$self->{_status}}) |
157 | for @{(delete $self->{destroy_cb}) || []}; |
130 | for @{(delete $self->{_on_destroy}) || []}; |
158 | } |
131 | } |
159 | |
132 | |
160 | # this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine |
133 | # this coroutine is necessary because a coroutine |
161 | # cannot destroy itself. |
134 | # cannot destroy itself. |
162 | my @destroy; |
135 | my @destroy; |
163 | my $manager; |
136 | my $manager; |
164 | |
137 | |
165 | $manager = new Coro sub { |
138 | $manager = new Coro sub { |
166 | $current->desc ("[coro manager]"); |
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167 | |
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168 | while () { |
139 | while () { |
169 | (shift @destroy)->_cancel |
140 | (shift @destroy)->_cancel |
170 | while @destroy; |
141 | while @destroy; |
171 | |
142 | |
172 | &schedule; |
143 | &schedule; |
173 | } |
144 | } |
174 | }; |
145 | }; |
175 | |
146 | $manager->desc ("[coro manager]"); |
176 | $manager->prio (PRIO_MAX); |
147 | $manager->prio (PRIO_MAX); |
177 | |
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178 | # static methods. not really. |
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179 | |
148 | |
180 | =back |
149 | =back |
181 | |
150 | |
182 | =head2 STATIC METHODS |
151 | =head2 STATIC METHODS |
183 | |
152 | |
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188 | =item async { ... } [@args...] |
157 | =item async { ... } [@args...] |
189 | |
158 | |
190 | Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object |
159 | Create a new asynchronous coroutine and return it's coroutine object |
191 | (usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically |
160 | (usually unused). When the sub returns the new coroutine is automatically |
192 | terminated. |
161 | terminated. |
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162 | |
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163 | See the C<Coro::State::new> constructor for info about the coroutine |
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164 | environment in which coroutines run. |
193 | |
165 | |
194 | Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside |
166 | Calling C<exit> in a coroutine will do the same as calling exit outside |
195 | the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit, |
167 | the coroutine. Likewise, when the coroutine dies, the program will exit, |
196 | just as it would in the main program. |
168 | just as it would in the main program. |
197 | |
169 | |
… | |
… | |
218 | issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as |
190 | issued in case of an exception instead of terminating the program, as |
219 | C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy> |
191 | C<async> does. As the coroutine is being reused, stuff like C<on_destroy> |
220 | will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel, |
192 | will not work in the expected way, unless you call terminate or cancel, |
221 | which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling. |
193 | which somehow defeats the purpose of pooling. |
222 | |
194 | |
223 | The priority will be reset to C<0> after each job, otherwise the coroutine |
195 | The priority will be reset to C<0> after each job, tracing will be |
224 | will be re-used "as-is". |
196 | disabled, the description will be reset and the default output filehandle |
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197 | gets restored, so you can change alkl these. Otherwise the coroutine will |
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198 | be re-used "as-is": most notably if you change other per-coroutine global |
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199 | stuff such as C<$/> you need to revert that change, which is most simply |
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200 | done by using local as in C< local $/ >. |
225 | |
201 | |
226 | The pool size is limited to 8 idle coroutines (this can be adjusted by |
202 | The pool size is limited to 8 idle coroutines (this can be adjusted by |
227 | changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), and there can be as many non-idle coros as |
203 | changing $Coro::POOL_SIZE), and there can be as many non-idle coros as |
228 | required. |
204 | required. |
229 | |
205 | |
230 | If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a |
206 | If you are concerned about pooled coroutines growing a lot because a |
231 | single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool { |
207 | single C<async_pool> used a lot of stackspace you can e.g. C<async_pool |
232 | terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. |
208 | { terminate }> once per second or so to slowly replenish the pool. In |
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209 | addition to that, when the stacks used by a handler grows larger than 16kb |
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210 | (adjustable with $Coro::POOL_RSS) it will also exit. |
233 | |
211 | |
234 | =cut |
212 | =cut |
235 | |
213 | |
236 | our $POOL_SIZE = 8; |
214 | our $POOL_SIZE = 8; |
237 | our $MAX_POOL_RSS = 64 * 1024; |
215 | our $POOL_RSS = 16 * 1024; |
238 | our @pool; |
216 | our @async_pool; |
239 | |
217 | |
240 | sub pool_handler { |
218 | sub pool_handler { |
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219 | my $cb; |
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220 | |
241 | while () { |
221 | while () { |
242 | $current->{desc} = "[async_pool]"; |
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243 | |
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244 | eval { |
222 | eval { |
245 | my ($cb, @arg) = @{ delete $current->{_invoke} or return }; |
223 | while () { |
246 | $cb->(@arg); |
224 | _pool_1 $cb; |
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225 | &$cb; |
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226 | _pool_2 $cb; |
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227 | &schedule; |
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228 | } |
247 | }; |
229 | }; |
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230 | |
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231 | last if $@ eq "\3async_pool terminate\2\n"; |
248 | warn $@ if $@; |
232 | warn $@ if $@; |
249 | |
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250 | last if @pool >= $POOL_SIZE || $current->rss >= $MAX_POOL_RSS; |
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251 | |
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252 | push @pool, $current; |
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253 | $current->{desc} = "[async_pool idle]"; |
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254 | $current->save (Coro::State::SAVE_DEF); |
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255 | $current->prio (0); |
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256 | schedule; |
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257 | } |
233 | } |
258 | } |
234 | } |
259 | |
235 | |
260 | sub async_pool(&@) { |
236 | sub async_pool(&@) { |
261 | # this is also inlined into the unlock_scheduler |
237 | # this is also inlined into the unlock_scheduler |
262 | my $coro = (pop @pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler;; |
238 | my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler; |
263 | |
239 | |
264 | $coro->{_invoke} = [@_]; |
240 | $coro->{_invoke} = [@_]; |
265 | $coro->ready; |
241 | $coro->ready; |
266 | |
242 | |
267 | $coro |
243 | $coro |
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297 | |
273 | |
298 | "Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the |
274 | "Cede" to other coroutines. This function puts the current coroutine into the |
299 | ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the |
275 | ready queue and calls C<schedule>, which has the effect of giving up the |
300 | current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority. |
276 | current "timeslice" to other coroutines of the same or higher priority. |
301 | |
277 | |
302 | Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened. |
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303 | |
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304 | =item Coro::cede_notself |
278 | =item Coro::cede_notself |
305 | |
279 | |
306 | Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to any |
280 | Works like cede, but is not exported by default and will cede to any |
307 | coroutine, regardless of priority, once. |
281 | coroutine, regardless of priority, once. |
308 | |
282 | |
309 | Returns true if at least one coroutine switch has happened. |
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310 | |
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311 | =item terminate [arg...] |
283 | =item terminate [arg...] |
312 | |
284 | |
313 | Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>). |
285 | Terminates the current coroutine with the given status values (see L<cancel>). |
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286 | |
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287 | =item killall |
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288 | |
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289 | Kills/terminates/cancels all coroutines except the currently running |
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290 | one. This is useful after a fork, either in the child or the parent, as |
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291 | usually only one of them should inherit the running coroutines. |
314 | |
292 | |
315 | =cut |
293 | =cut |
316 | |
294 | |
317 | sub terminate { |
295 | sub terminate { |
318 | $current->cancel (@_); |
296 | $current->cancel (@_); |
319 | } |
297 | } |
320 | |
298 | |
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299 | sub killall { |
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300 | for (Coro::State::list) { |
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301 | $_->cancel |
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302 | if $_ != $current && UNIVERSAL::isa $_, "Coro"; |
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303 | } |
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304 | } |
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305 | |
321 | =back |
306 | =back |
322 | |
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323 | # dynamic methods |
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324 | |
307 | |
325 | =head2 COROUTINE METHODS |
308 | =head2 COROUTINE METHODS |
326 | |
309 | |
327 | These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects. |
310 | These are the methods you can call on coroutine objects. |
328 | |
311 | |
… | |
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333 | Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine |
316 | Create a new coroutine and return it. When the sub returns the coroutine |
334 | automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were |
317 | automatically terminates as if C<terminate> with the returned values were |
335 | called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue |
318 | called. To make the coroutine run you must first put it into the ready queue |
336 | by calling the ready method. |
319 | by calling the ready method. |
337 | |
320 | |
338 | See C<async> for additional discussion. |
321 | See C<async> and C<Coro::State::new> for additional info about the |
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322 | coroutine environment. |
339 | |
323 | |
340 | =cut |
324 | =cut |
341 | |
325 | |
342 | sub _run_coro { |
326 | sub _run_coro { |
343 | terminate &{+shift}; |
327 | terminate &{+shift}; |
… | |
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367 | |
351 | |
368 | =cut |
352 | =cut |
369 | |
353 | |
370 | sub cancel { |
354 | sub cancel { |
371 | my $self = shift; |
355 | my $self = shift; |
372 | $self->{status} = [@_]; |
356 | $self->{_status} = [@_]; |
373 | |
357 | |
374 | if ($current == $self) { |
358 | if ($current == $self) { |
375 | push @destroy, $self; |
359 | push @destroy, $self; |
376 | $manager->ready; |
360 | $manager->ready; |
377 | &schedule while 1; |
361 | &schedule while 1; |
… | |
… | |
381 | } |
365 | } |
382 | |
366 | |
383 | =item $coroutine->join |
367 | =item $coroutine->join |
384 | |
368 | |
385 | Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the |
369 | Wait until the coroutine terminates and return any values given to the |
386 | C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called multiple times |
370 | C<terminate> or C<cancel> functions. C<join> can be called concurrently |
387 | from multiple coroutine. |
371 | from multiple coroutines. |
388 | |
372 | |
389 | =cut |
373 | =cut |
390 | |
374 | |
391 | sub join { |
375 | sub join { |
392 | my $self = shift; |
376 | my $self = shift; |
393 | |
377 | |
394 | unless ($self->{status}) { |
378 | unless ($self->{_status}) { |
395 | my $current = $current; |
379 | my $current = $current; |
396 | |
380 | |
397 | push @{$self->{destroy_cb}}, sub { |
381 | push @{$self->{_on_destroy}}, sub { |
398 | $current->ready; |
382 | $current->ready; |
399 | undef $current; |
383 | undef $current; |
400 | }; |
384 | }; |
401 | |
385 | |
402 | &schedule while $current; |
386 | &schedule while $current; |
403 | } |
387 | } |
404 | |
388 | |
405 | wantarray ? @{$self->{status}} : $self->{status}[0]; |
389 | wantarray ? @{$self->{_status}} : $self->{_status}[0]; |
406 | } |
390 | } |
407 | |
391 | |
408 | =item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb) |
392 | =item $coroutine->on_destroy (\&cb) |
409 | |
393 | |
410 | Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed, |
394 | Registers a callback that is called when this coroutine gets destroyed, |
… | |
… | |
414 | =cut |
398 | =cut |
415 | |
399 | |
416 | sub on_destroy { |
400 | sub on_destroy { |
417 | my ($self, $cb) = @_; |
401 | my ($self, $cb) = @_; |
418 | |
402 | |
419 | push @{ $self->{destroy_cb} }, $cb; |
403 | push @{ $self->{_on_destroy} }, $cb; |
420 | } |
404 | } |
421 | |
405 | |
422 | =item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio) |
406 | =item $oldprio = $coroutine->prio ($newprio) |
423 | |
407 | |
424 | Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the |
408 | Sets (or gets, if the argument is missing) the priority of the |
… | |
… | |
448 | |
432 | |
449 | =item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc) |
433 | =item $olddesc = $coroutine->desc ($newdesc) |
450 | |
434 | |
451 | Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this |
435 | Sets (or gets in case the argument is missing) the description for this |
452 | coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine. |
436 | coroutine. This is just a free-form string you can associate with a coroutine. |
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437 | |
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438 | This method simply sets the C<< $coroutine->{desc} >> member to the given string. You |
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439 | can modify this member directly if you wish. |
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440 | |
|
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441 | =item $coroutine->throw ([$scalar]) |
|
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442 | |
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443 | If C<$throw> is specified and defined, it will be thrown as an exception |
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444 | inside the coroutine at the next convinient point in time (usually after |
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445 | it gains control at the next schedule/transfer/cede). Otherwise clears the |
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446 | exception object. |
|
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447 | |
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448 | The exception object will be thrown "as is" with the specified scalar in |
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449 | C<$@>, i.e. if it is a string, no line number or newline will be appended |
|
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450 | (unlike with C<die>). |
|
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451 | |
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452 | This can be used as a softer means than C<cancel> to ask a coroutine to |
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453 | end itself, although there is no guarentee that the exception will lead to |
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454 | termination, and if the exception isn't caught it might well end the whole |
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455 | program. |
453 | |
456 | |
454 | =cut |
457 | =cut |
455 | |
458 | |
456 | sub desc { |
459 | sub desc { |
457 | my $old = $_[0]{desc}; |
460 | my $old = $_[0]{desc}; |
… | |
… | |
533 | |
536 | |
534 | # we create a special coro because we want to cede, |
537 | # we create a special coro because we want to cede, |
535 | # to reduce pressure on the coro pool (because most callbacks |
538 | # to reduce pressure on the coro pool (because most callbacks |
536 | # return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede |
539 | # return immediately and can be reused) and because we cannot cede |
537 | # inside an event callback. |
540 | # inside an event callback. |
538 | our $unblock_scheduler = async { |
541 | our $unblock_scheduler = new Coro sub { |
539 | $current->desc ("[unblock_sub scheduler]"); |
|
|
540 | while () { |
542 | while () { |
541 | while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) { |
543 | while (my $cb = pop @unblock_queue) { |
542 | # this is an inlined copy of async_pool |
544 | # this is an inlined copy of async_pool |
543 | my $coro = (pop @pool or new Coro \&pool_handler); |
545 | my $coro = (pop @async_pool) || new Coro \&pool_handler; |
544 | |
546 | |
545 | $coro->{_invoke} = $cb; |
547 | $coro->{_invoke} = $cb; |
546 | $coro->ready; |
548 | $coro->ready; |
547 | cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool |
549 | cede; # for short-lived callbacks, this reduces pressure on the coro pool |
548 | } |
550 | } |
549 | schedule; # sleep well |
551 | schedule; # sleep well |
550 | } |
552 | } |
551 | }; |
553 | }; |
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554 | $unblock_scheduler->desc ("[unblock_sub scheduler]"); |
552 | |
555 | |
553 | sub unblock_sub(&) { |
556 | sub unblock_sub(&) { |
554 | my $cb = shift; |
557 | my $cb = shift; |
555 | |
558 | |
556 | sub { |
559 | sub { |
… | |
… | |
575 | to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow |
578 | to allow per-thread schedulers, but Coro::State does not yet allow |
576 | this). |
579 | this). |
577 | |
580 | |
578 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
581 | =head1 SEE ALSO |
579 | |
582 | |
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583 | Lower level Configuration, Coroutine Environment: L<Coro::State>. |
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584 | |
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585 | Debugging: L<Coro::Debug>. |
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586 | |
580 | Support/Utility: L<Coro::Cont>, L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::State>, L<Coro::Util>. |
587 | Support/Utility: L<Coro::Specific>, L<Coro::Util>. |
581 | |
588 | |
582 | Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>. |
589 | Locking/IPC: L<Coro::Signal>, L<Coro::Channel>, L<Coro::Semaphore>, L<Coro::SemaphoreSet>, L<Coro::RWLock>. |
583 | |
590 | |
584 | Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>, L<Coro::Select>. |
591 | Event/IO: L<Coro::Timer>, L<Coro::Event>, L<Coro::Handle>, L<Coro::Socket>. |
585 | |
592 | |
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593 | Compatibility: L<Coro::LWP>, L<Coro::Storable>, L<Coro::Select>. |
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594 | |
586 | Embedding: L<Coro:MakeMaker> |
595 | Embedding: L<Coro::MakeMaker>. |
587 | |
596 | |
588 | =head1 AUTHOR |
597 | =head1 AUTHOR |
589 | |
598 | |
590 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
599 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
591 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
600 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |