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2 | |
2 | |
3 | EV - perl interface to libev, a high performance full-featured event loop |
3 | EV - perl interface to libev, a high performance full-featured event loop |
4 | |
4 | |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
5 | =head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 | |
6 | |
7 | use EV; |
7 | use EV; |
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8 | |
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9 | # TIMERS |
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10 | |
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11 | my $w = EV::timer 2, 0, sub { |
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12 | warn "is called after 2s"; |
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13 | }; |
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14 | |
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15 | my $w = EV::timer 2, 2, sub { |
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16 | warn "is called roughly every 2s (repeat = 2)"; |
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17 | }; |
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18 | |
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19 | undef $w; # destroy event watcher again |
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20 | |
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21 | my $w = EV::periodic 0, 60, 0, sub { |
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22 | warn "is called every minute, on the minute, exactly"; |
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23 | }; |
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24 | |
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25 | # IO |
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26 | |
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27 | my $w = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub { |
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28 | my ($w, $revents) = @_; # all callbacks receive the watcher and event mask |
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29 | warn "stdin is readable, you entered: ", <STDIN>; |
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30 | }; |
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31 | |
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32 | # SIGNALS |
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33 | |
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34 | my $w = EV::signal 'QUIT', sub { |
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35 | warn "sigquit received\n"; |
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36 | }; |
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37 | |
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38 | # CHILD/PID STATUS CHANGES |
8 | |
39 | |
9 | # TIMERS |
40 | my $w = EV::child 666, 0, sub { |
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41 | my ($w, $revents) = @_; |
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42 | my $status = $w->rstatus; |
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43 | }; |
10 | |
44 | |
11 | my $w = EV::timer 2, 0, sub { |
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12 | warn "is called after 2s"; |
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13 | }; |
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14 | |
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15 | my $w = EV::timer 2, 2, sub { |
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16 | warn "is called roughly every 2s (repeat = 2)"; |
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17 | }; |
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18 | |
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19 | undef $w; # destroy event watcher again |
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20 | |
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21 | my $w = EV::periodic 0, 60, 0, sub { |
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22 | warn "is called every minute, on the minute, exactly"; |
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23 | }; |
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24 | |
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25 | # IO |
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26 | |
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27 | my $w = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub { |
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28 | my ($w, $revents) = @_; # all callbacks receive the watcher and event mask |
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29 | warn "stdin is readable, you entered: ", <STDIN>; |
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30 | }; |
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31 | |
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32 | # SIGNALS |
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33 | |
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34 | my $w = EV::signal 'QUIT', sub { |
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35 | warn "sigquit received\n"; |
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36 | }; |
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37 | |
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38 | # CHILD/PID STATUS CHANGES |
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39 | |
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40 | my $w = EV::child 666, 0, sub { |
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41 | my ($w, $revents) = @_; |
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42 | my $status = $w->rstatus; |
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43 | }; |
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44 | |
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45 | # STAT CHANGES |
45 | # STAT CHANGES |
46 | my $w = EV::stat "/etc/passwd", 10, sub { |
46 | my $w = EV::stat "/etc/passwd", 10, sub { |
47 | my ($w, $revents) = @_; |
47 | my ($w, $revents) = @_; |
48 | warn $w->path, " has changed somehow.\n"; |
48 | warn $w->path, " has changed somehow.\n"; |
49 | }; |
49 | }; |
50 | |
50 | |
51 | # MAINLOOP |
51 | # MAINLOOP |
52 | EV::loop; # loop until EV::unloop is called or all watchers stop |
52 | EV::loop; # loop until EV::unloop is called or all watchers stop |
53 | EV::loop EV::LOOP_ONESHOT; # block until at least one event could be handled |
53 | EV::loop EV::LOOP_ONESHOT; # block until at least one event could be handled |
54 | EV::loop EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK; # try to handle same events, but do not block |
54 | EV::loop EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK; # try to handle same events, but do not block |
55 | |
55 | |
56 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
56 | =head1 DESCRIPTION |
57 | |
57 | |
58 | This module provides an interface to libev |
58 | This module provides an interface to libev |
59 | (L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libev.html>). While the documentation |
59 | (L<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libev.html>). While the documentation |
60 | below is comprehensive, one might also consult the documentation of libev |
60 | below is comprehensive, one might also consult the documentation of |
61 | itself (L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod>) for more |
61 | libev itself (L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod> or |
62 | subtle details on watcher semantics or some discussion on the available |
62 | F<perldoc EV::libev>) for more subtle details on watcher semantics or some |
63 | backends, or how to force a specific backend with C<LIBEV_FLAGS>, or just |
63 | discussion on the available backends, or how to force a specific backend |
64 | about in any case because it has much more detailed information. |
64 | with C<LIBEV_FLAGS>, or just about in any case because it has much more |
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65 | detailed information. |
65 | |
66 | |
66 | This module is very fast and scalable. It is actually so fast that you |
67 | This module is very fast and scalable. It is actually so fast that you |
67 | can use it through the L<AnyEvent> module, stay portable to other event |
68 | can use it through the L<AnyEvent> module, stay portable to other event |
68 | loops (if you don't rely on any watcher types not available through it) |
69 | loops (if you don't rely on any watcher types not available through it) |
69 | and still be faster than with any other event loop currently supported in |
70 | and still be faster than with any other event loop currently supported in |
70 | Perl. |
71 | Perl. |
71 | |
72 | |
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73 | =head2 MODULE EXPORTS |
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74 | |
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75 | This module does not export any symbols. |
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76 | |
72 | =cut |
77 | =cut |
73 | |
78 | |
74 | package EV; |
79 | package EV; |
75 | |
80 | |
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81 | no warnings; |
76 | use strict; |
82 | use strict; |
77 | |
83 | |
78 | BEGIN { |
84 | BEGIN { |
79 | our $VERSION = '3.41'; |
85 | our $VERSION = '3.53'; |
80 | use XSLoader; |
86 | use XSLoader; |
81 | XSLoader::load "EV", $VERSION; |
87 | XSLoader::load "EV", $VERSION; |
82 | } |
88 | } |
83 | |
89 | |
84 | @EV::IO::ISA = |
90 | @EV::IO::ISA = |
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111 | default loop as this is fastest (perl-wise), best supported by other |
117 | default loop as this is fastest (perl-wise), best supported by other |
112 | modules (e.g. AnyEvent or Coro) and most portable event loop. |
118 | modules (e.g. AnyEvent or Coro) and most portable event loop. |
113 | |
119 | |
114 | For specific programs you can create additional event loops dynamically. |
120 | For specific programs you can create additional event loops dynamically. |
115 | |
121 | |
116 | =over 4 |
122 | If you want to take advantage of kqueue (which often works properly for |
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123 | sockets only) even though the default loop doesn't enable it, you can |
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124 | I<embed> a kqueue loop into the default loop: running the default loop |
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125 | will then also service the kqueue loop to some extent. See the example in |
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126 | the section about embed watchers for an example on how to achieve that. |
117 | |
127 | |
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128 | =over 4 |
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129 | |
118 | =item $loop = new EV::loop [$flags] |
130 | =item $loop = new EV::Loop [$flags] |
119 | |
131 | |
120 | Create a new event loop as per the specified flags. Please refer to the |
132 | Create a new event loop as per the specified flags. Please refer to |
121 | C<ev_loop_new ()> function description in the libev documentation |
133 | the C<ev_loop_new ()> function description in the libev documentation |
122 | (L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS>) |
134 | (L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#GLOBAL_FUNCTIONS>, |
123 | for more info. |
135 | or locally-installed as F<EV::libev> manpage) for more info. |
124 | |
136 | |
125 | The loop will automatically be destroyed when it is no longer referenced |
137 | The loop will automatically be destroyed when it is no longer referenced |
126 | by any watcher and the loop object goes out of scope. |
138 | by any watcher and the loop object goes out of scope. |
127 | |
139 | |
128 | Using C<EV::FLAG_FORKCHECK> is recommended, as only the default event loop |
140 | If you are not embedding the loop, then Using C<EV::FLAG_FORKCHECK> |
129 | is protected by this module. |
141 | is recommended, as only the default event loop is protected by this |
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142 | module. If you I<are> embedding this loop in the default loop, this is not |
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143 | necessary, as C<EV::embed> automatically does the right thing on fork. |
130 | |
144 | |
131 | =item $loop->loop_fork |
145 | =item $loop->loop_fork |
132 | |
146 | |
133 | Must be called after a fork in the child, before entering or continuing |
147 | Must be called after a fork in the child, before entering or continuing |
134 | the event loop. An alternative is to use C<EV::FLAG_FORKCHECK> which calls |
148 | the event loop. An alternative is to use C<EV::FLAG_FORKCHECK> which calls |
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136 | documentation). |
150 | documentation). |
137 | |
151 | |
138 | =item $loop->loop_verify |
152 | =item $loop->loop_verify |
139 | |
153 | |
140 | Calls C<ev_verify> to make internal consistency checks (for debugging |
154 | Calls C<ev_verify> to make internal consistency checks (for debugging |
141 | libev) and abort the program if any data structures wree found to be |
155 | libev) and abort the program if any data structures were found to be |
142 | corrupted. |
156 | corrupted. |
143 | |
157 | |
144 | =item $loop = EV::default_loop [$flags] |
158 | =item $loop = EV::default_loop [$flags] |
145 | |
159 | |
146 | Return the default loop (which is a singleton object). Since this module |
160 | Return the default loop (which is a singleton object). Since this module |
147 | already creates the default loop with default flags, specifying flags here |
161 | already creates the default loop with default flags, specifying flags here |
148 | will not have any effect unless you destroy the default loop. |
162 | will not have any effect unless you destroy the default loop first, which |
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163 | isn't supported. So in short: don't do it, and if you break it, you get to |
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164 | keep the pieces. |
149 | |
165 | |
150 | =back |
166 | =back |
151 | |
167 | |
152 | |
168 | |
153 | =head1 BASIC INTERFACE |
169 | =head1 BASIC INTERFACE |
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183 | =item $time = EV::now |
199 | =item $time = EV::now |
184 | |
200 | |
185 | =item $time = $loop->now |
201 | =item $time = $loop->now |
186 | |
202 | |
187 | Returns the time the last event loop iteration has been started. This |
203 | Returns the time the last event loop iteration has been started. This |
188 | is the time that (relative) timers are based on, and refering to it is |
204 | is the time that (relative) timers are based on, and referring to it is |
189 | usually faster then calling EV::time. |
205 | usually faster then calling EV::time. |
190 | |
206 | |
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207 | =item EV::now_update |
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208 | |
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209 | =item $loop->now_update |
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210 | |
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211 | Establishes the current time by querying the kernel, updating the time |
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212 | returned by C<EV::now> in the progress. This is a costly operation and |
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213 | is usually done automatically within C<EV::loop>. |
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214 | |
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215 | This function is rarely useful, but when some event callback runs for a |
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216 | very long time without entering the event loop, updating libev's idea of |
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217 | the current time is a good idea. |
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218 | |
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219 | =item EV::suspend |
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220 | |
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221 | =item $loop->suspend |
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222 | |
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223 | =item EV::resume |
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224 | |
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225 | =item $loop->resume |
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226 | |
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227 | These two functions suspend and resume a loop, for use when the loop is |
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228 | not used for a while and timeouts should not be processed. |
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229 | |
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230 | A typical use case would be an interactive program such as a game: When |
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231 | the user presses C<^Z> to suspend the game and resumes it an hour later it |
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232 | would be best to handle timeouts as if no time had actually passed while |
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233 | the program was suspended. This can be achieved by calling C<suspend> |
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234 | in your C<SIGTSTP> handler, sending yourself a C<SIGSTOP> and calling |
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235 | C<resume> directly afterwards to resume timer processing. |
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236 | |
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237 | Effectively, all C<timer> watchers will be delayed by the time spend |
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238 | between C<suspend> and C<resume>, and all C<periodic> watchers |
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239 | will be rescheduled (that is, they will lose any events that would have |
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240 | occured while suspended). |
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241 | |
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242 | After calling C<suspend> you B<must not> call I<any> function on the given |
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243 | loop other than C<resume>, and you B<must not> call C<resume> |
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244 | without a previous call to C<suspend>. |
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245 | |
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246 | Calling C<suspend>/C<resume> has the side effect of updating the event |
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247 | loop time (see C<now_update>). |
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248 | |
191 | =item $backend = EV::backend |
249 | =item $backend = EV::backend |
192 | |
250 | |
193 | =item $backend = $loop->backend |
251 | =item $backend = $loop->backend |
194 | |
252 | |
195 | Returns an integer describing the backend used by libev (EV::METHOD_SELECT |
253 | Returns an integer describing the backend used by libev (EV::BACKEND_SELECT |
196 | or EV::METHOD_EPOLL). |
254 | or EV::BACKEND_EPOLL). |
197 | |
255 | |
198 | =item EV::loop [$flags] |
256 | =item EV::loop [$flags] |
199 | |
257 | |
200 | =item $loop->loop ([$flags]) |
258 | =item $loop->loop ([$flags]) |
201 | |
259 | |
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221 | =item $count = EV::loop_count |
279 | =item $count = EV::loop_count |
222 | |
280 | |
223 | =item $count = $loop->loop_count |
281 | =item $count = $loop->loop_count |
224 | |
282 | |
225 | Return the number of times the event loop has polled for new |
283 | Return the number of times the event loop has polled for new |
226 | events. Sometiems useful as a generation counter. |
284 | events. Sometimes useful as a generation counter. |
227 | |
285 | |
228 | =item EV::once $fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents) |
286 | =item EV::once $fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents) |
229 | |
287 | |
230 | =item $loop->once ($fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents)) |
288 | =item $loop->once ($fh_or_undef, $events, $timeout, $cb->($revents)) |
231 | |
289 | |
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271 | |
329 | |
272 | =item $loop->set_timeout_collect_interval ($time) |
330 | =item $loop->set_timeout_collect_interval ($time) |
273 | |
331 | |
274 | These advanced functions set the minimum block interval when polling for I/O events and the minimum |
332 | These advanced functions set the minimum block interval when polling for I/O events and the minimum |
275 | wait interval for timer events. See the libev documentation at |
333 | wait interval for timer events. See the libev documentation at |
276 | L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP> for |
334 | L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#FUNCTIONS_CONTROLLING_THE_EVENT_LOOP> |
277 | a more detailed discussion. |
335 | (locally installed as F<EV::libev>) for a more detailed discussion. |
278 | |
336 | |
279 | =back |
337 | =back |
280 | |
338 | |
281 | |
339 | |
282 | =head1 WATCHER OBJECTS |
340 | =head1 WATCHER OBJECTS |
283 | |
341 | |
284 | A watcher is an object that gets created to record your interest in some |
342 | A watcher is an object that gets created to record your interest in some |
285 | event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to become readable, you |
343 | event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to become readable, you |
286 | would create an EV::io watcher for that: |
344 | would create an EV::io watcher for that: |
287 | |
345 | |
288 | my $watcher = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub { |
346 | my $watcher = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub { |
289 | my ($watcher, $revents) = @_; |
347 | my ($watcher, $revents) = @_; |
290 | warn "yeah, STDIN should now be readable without blocking!\n" |
348 | warn "yeah, STDIN should now be readable without blocking!\n" |
291 | }; |
349 | }; |
292 | |
350 | |
293 | All watchers can be active (waiting for events) or inactive (paused). Only |
351 | All watchers can be active (waiting for events) or inactive (paused). Only |
294 | active watchers will have their callbacks invoked. All callbacks will be |
352 | active watchers will have their callbacks invoked. All callbacks will be |
295 | called with at least two arguments: the watcher and a bitmask of received |
353 | called with at least two arguments: the watcher and a bitmask of received |
296 | events. |
354 | events. |
297 | |
355 | |
298 | Each watcher type has its associated bit in revents, so you can use the |
356 | Each watcher type has its associated bit in revents, so you can use the |
299 | same callback for multiple watchers. The event mask is named after the |
357 | same callback for multiple watchers. The event mask is named after the |
300 | type, i..e. EV::child sets EV::CHILD, EV::prepare sets EV::PREPARE, |
358 | type, i.e. EV::child sets EV::CHILD, EV::prepare sets EV::PREPARE, |
301 | EV::periodic sets EV::PERIODIC and so on, with the exception of I/O events |
359 | EV::periodic sets EV::PERIODIC and so on, with the exception of I/O events |
302 | (which can set both EV::READ and EV::WRITE bits), and EV::timer (which |
360 | (which can set both EV::READ and EV::WRITE bits), and EV::timer (which |
303 | uses EV::TIMEOUT). |
361 | uses EV::TIMEOUT). |
304 | |
362 | |
305 | In the rare case where one wants to create a watcher but not start it at |
363 | In the rare case where one wants to create a watcher but not start it at |
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401 | because you happen to have this long-running UDP port watcher. |
459 | because you happen to have this long-running UDP port watcher. |
402 | |
460 | |
403 | In this case you can clear the keepalive status, which means that even |
461 | In this case you can clear the keepalive status, which means that even |
404 | though your watcher is active, it won't keep C<EV::loop> from returning. |
462 | though your watcher is active, it won't keep C<EV::loop> from returning. |
405 | |
463 | |
406 | The initial value for keepalive is true (enabled), and you cna change it |
464 | The initial value for keepalive is true (enabled), and you can change it |
407 | any time. |
465 | any time. |
408 | |
466 | |
409 | Example: Register an I/O watcher for some UDP socket but do not keep the |
467 | Example: Register an I/O watcher for some UDP socket but do not keep the |
410 | event loop from running just because of that watcher. |
468 | event loop from running just because of that watcher. |
411 | |
469 | |
412 | my $udp_socket = ... |
470 | my $udp_socket = ... |
413 | my $udp_watcher = EV::io $udp_socket, EV::READ, sub { ... }; |
471 | my $udp_watcher = EV::io $udp_socket, EV::READ, sub { ... }; |
414 | $1000udp_watcher->keepalive (0); |
472 | $udp_watcher->keepalive (0); |
415 | |
473 | |
416 | =item $loop = $w->loop |
474 | =item $loop = $w->loop |
417 | |
475 | |
418 | Return the loop that this watcher is attached to. |
476 | Return the loop that this watcher is attached to. |
419 | |
477 | |
… | |
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905 | # make the dispatcher handle any new stuff |
963 | # make the dispatcher handle any new stuff |
906 | ... not shown |
964 | ... not shown |
907 | }; |
965 | }; |
908 | |
966 | |
909 | The callbacks of the created watchers will not be called as the watchers |
967 | The callbacks of the created watchers will not be called as the watchers |
910 | are destroyed before this cna happen (remember EV::check gets called |
968 | are destroyed before this can happen (remember EV::check gets called |
911 | first). |
969 | first). |
912 | |
970 | |
913 | The C<check_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
971 | The C<check_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
914 | |
972 | |
915 | =back |
973 | =back |
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… | |
946 | loop, other types of watchers might be handled in a delayed or incorrect |
1004 | loop, other types of watchers might be handled in a delayed or incorrect |
947 | fashion and must not be used). |
1005 | fashion and must not be used). |
948 | |
1006 | |
949 | See the libev documentation at |
1007 | See the libev documentation at |
950 | L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_> |
1008 | L<http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#code_ev_embed_code_when_one_backend_> |
951 | for more details. |
1009 | (locally installed as F<EV::libev>) for more details. |
952 | |
1010 | |
953 | In short, this watcher is most useful on BSD systems without working |
1011 | In short, this watcher is most useful on BSD systems without working |
954 | kqueue to still be able to handle a large number of sockets: |
1012 | kqueue to still be able to handle a large number of sockets: |
955 | |
1013 | |
956 | my $socket_loop; |
1014 | my $socket_loop; |
957 | |
1015 | |
958 | # check wether we use SELECT or POLL _and_ KQUEUE is supported |
1016 | # check wether we use SELECT or POLL _and_ KQUEUE is supported |
959 | if ( |
1017 | if ( |
960 | (EV::backend & (EV::BACKEND_POLL | EV::BACKEND_SELECT)) |
1018 | (EV::backend & (EV::BACKEND_POLL | EV::BACKEND_SELECT)) |
961 | && (EV::supported_backends & EV::embeddable_backends & EV::BACKEND_KQUEUE) |
1019 | && (EV::supported_backends & EV::embeddable_backends & EV::BACKEND_KQUEUE) |
962 | ) { |
1020 | ) { |
963 | # use kqueue for sockets |
1021 | # use kqueue for sockets |
964 | $socket_loop = new EV::Loop EV::BACKEND_KQUEUE | EV::FLAG_NOENV; |
1022 | $socket_loop = new EV::Loop EV::BACKEND_KQUEUE | EV::FLAG_NOENV; |
965 | } |
1023 | } |
966 | |
1024 | |
967 | # use the default loop otherwise |
1025 | # use the default loop otherwise |
968 | $socket_loop ||= EV::default_loop; |
1026 | $socket_loop ||= EV::default_loop; |
969 | |
1027 | |
970 | =over 4 |
1028 | =over 4 |
971 | |
1029 | |
972 | =item $w = EV::embed $otherloop, $callback |
1030 | =item $w = EV::embed $otherloop[, $callback] |
973 | |
1031 | |
974 | =item $w = EV::embed_ns $otherloop, $callback |
1032 | =item $w = EV::embed_ns $otherloop[, $callback] |
975 | |
1033 | |
976 | =item $w = $loop->embed ($otherloop, $callback) |
1034 | =item $w = $loop->embed ($otherloop[, $callback]) |
977 | |
1035 | |
978 | =item $w = $loop->embed_ns ($otherloop, $callback) |
1036 | =item $w = $loop->embed_ns ($otherloop[, $callback]) |
979 | |
1037 | |
980 | Call the callback when the embedded event loop (C<$otherloop>) has any |
1038 | Call the callback when the embedded event loop (C<$otherloop>) has any |
981 | I/O activity. The C<$callback> should alwas be specified as C<undef> in |
1039 | I/O activity. The C<$callback> is optional: if it is missing, then the |
982 | this version of EV, which means the embedded event loop will be managed |
1040 | embedded event loop will be managed automatically (which is recommended), |
983 | automatically. |
1041 | otherwise you have to invoke C<sweep> yourself. |
984 | |
1042 | |
985 | The C<embed_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
1043 | The C<embed_ns> variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created watcher. |
986 | |
1044 | |
987 | =back |
1045 | =back |
988 | |
1046 | |
… | |
… | |
1069 | coroutines with EV), L<Net::SNMP::EV> (asynchronous SNMP), L<AnyEvent> for |
1127 | coroutines with EV), L<Net::SNMP::EV> (asynchronous SNMP), L<AnyEvent> for |
1070 | event-loop agnostic and portable event driven programming. |
1128 | event-loop agnostic and portable event driven programming. |
1071 | |
1129 | |
1072 | =head1 AUTHOR |
1130 | =head1 AUTHOR |
1073 | |
1131 | |
1074 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
1132 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
1075 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
1133 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
1076 | |
1134 | |
1077 | =cut |
1135 | =cut |
1078 | |
1136 | |