1 | NAME |
1 | NAME |
2 | EV - perl interface to libevent, monkey.org/~provos/libevent/ |
2 | EV - perl interface to libev, a high performance full-featured event |
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3 | loop |
3 | |
4 | |
4 | SYNOPSIS |
5 | SYNOPSIS |
5 | use EV; |
6 | use EV; |
6 | |
7 | |
7 | # TIMER |
8 | # TIMERS |
8 | |
9 | |
9 | my $w = EV::timer 2, 0, sub { |
10 | my $w = EV::timer 2, 0, sub { |
10 | warn "is called after 2s"; |
11 | warn "is called after 2s"; |
11 | }; |
12 | }; |
12 | |
13 | |
… | |
… | |
14 | warn "is called roughly every 2s (repeat = 1)"; |
15 | warn "is called roughly every 2s (repeat = 1)"; |
15 | }; |
16 | }; |
16 | |
17 | |
17 | undef $w; # destroy event watcher again |
18 | undef $w; # destroy event watcher again |
18 | |
19 | |
19 | my $w = EV::timer_abs 0, 60, sub { |
20 | my $w = EV::periodic 0, 60, sub { |
20 | warn "is called every minute, on the minute, exactly"; |
21 | warn "is called every minute, on the minute, exactly"; |
21 | }; |
22 | }; |
22 | |
23 | |
23 | # IO |
24 | # IO |
24 | |
25 | |
25 | my $w = EV::io \*STDIN, EV::READ | EV::PERSIST, sub { |
26 | my $w = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub { |
26 | my ($w, $revents) = @_; # all callbacks get the watcher object and event mask |
27 | my ($w, $revents) = @_; # all callbacks get the watcher object and event mask |
27 | if ($revents & EV::TIMEOUT) { |
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28 | warn "nothing received on stdin for 10 seconds, retrying"; |
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29 | } else { |
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30 | warn "stdin is readable, you entered: ", <STDIN>; |
28 | warn "stdin is readable, you entered: ", <STDIN>; |
31 | } |
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32 | }; |
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33 | $w->timeout (10); |
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34 | |
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35 | my $w = EV::timed_io \*STDIN, EV::READ, 30, sub { |
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36 | my ($w, $revents) = @_; |
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37 | if ($revents & EV::TIMEOUT) { |
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38 | warn "nothing entered within 30 seconds, bye bye.\n"; |
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39 | $w->stop; |
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40 | } else { |
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41 | my $line = <STDIN>; |
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42 | warn "you entered something, you again have 30 seconds.\n"; |
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43 | } |
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44 | }; |
29 | }; |
45 | |
30 | |
46 | # SIGNALS |
31 | # SIGNALS |
47 | |
32 | |
48 | my $w = EV::signal 'QUIT', sub { |
33 | my $w = EV::signal 'QUIT', sub { |
… | |
… | |
58 | my $w = EV::child 666, sub { |
43 | my $w = EV::child 666, sub { |
59 | my ($w, $revents, $status) = @_; |
44 | my ($w, $revents, $status) = @_; |
60 | }; |
45 | }; |
61 | |
46 | |
62 | # MAINLOOP |
47 | # MAINLOOP |
63 | EV::dispatch; # loop as long as watchers are active |
48 | EV::loop; # loop until EV::loop_done is called |
64 | EV::loop; # the same thing |
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65 | EV::loop EV::LOOP_ONESHOT; # block until some events could be handles |
49 | EV::loop EV::LOOP_ONESHOT; # block until at least one event could be handled |
66 | EV::loop EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK; # check and handle some events, but do not wait |
50 | EV::loop EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK; # try to handle same events, but do not block |
67 | |
51 | |
68 | DESCRIPTION |
52 | DESCRIPTION |
69 | This module provides an interface to libev |
53 | This module provides an interface to libev |
70 | (<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libev.html>). You probably should |
54 | (<http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libev.html>). |
71 | acquaint yourself with its documentation and source code to be able to |
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72 | use this module fully. |
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73 | |
55 | |
74 | BASIC INTERFACE |
56 | BASIC INTERFACE |
75 | $EV::NPRI |
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76 | How many priority levels are available. |
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77 | |
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78 | $EV::DIED |
57 | $EV::DIED |
79 | Must contain a reference to a function that is called when a |
58 | Must contain a reference to a function that is called when a |
80 | callback throws an exception (with $@ containing thr error). The |
59 | callback throws an exception (with $@ containing thr error). The |
81 | default prints an informative message and continues. |
60 | default prints an informative message and continues. |
82 | |
61 | |
83 | If this callback throws an exception it will be silently ignored. |
62 | If this callback throws an exception it will be silently ignored. |
84 | |
63 | |
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64 | $time = EV::time |
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65 | Returns the current time in (fractional) seconds since the epoch. |
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66 | |
85 | $time = EV::now |
67 | $time = EV::now |
86 | Returns the time in (fractional) seconds since the epoch. |
68 | Returns the time the last event loop iteration has been started. |
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69 | This is the time that (relative) timers are based on, and refering |
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70 | to it is usually faster then calling EV::time. |
87 | |
71 | |
88 | $version = EV::version |
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89 | $method = EV::method |
72 | $method = EV::ev_method |
90 | Return version string and event polling method used. |
73 | Returns an integer describing the backend used by libev |
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74 | (EV::METHOD_SELECT or EV::METHOD_EPOLL). |
91 | |
75 | |
92 | EV::loop $flags # EV::LOOP_ONCE, EV::LOOP_ONESHOT |
76 | EV::loop [$flags] |
93 | EV::loopexit $after |
77 | Begin checking for events and calling callbacks. It returns when a |
94 | Exit any active loop or dispatch after $after seconds or immediately |
78 | callback calls EV::loop_done. |
95 | if $after is missing or zero. |
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96 | |
79 | |
97 | EV::dispatch |
80 | The $flags argument can be one of the following: |
98 | Same as "EV::loop 0". |
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99 | |
81 | |
100 | EV::event $callback |
82 | 0 as above |
101 | Creates a new event watcher waiting for nothing, calling the given |
83 | EV::LOOP_ONESHOT block at most once (wait, but do not loop) |
102 | callback. |
84 | EV::LOOP_NONBLOCK do not block at all (fetch/handle events but do not wait) |
103 | |
85 | |
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86 | EV::loop_done [$how] |
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87 | When called with no arguments or an argument of 1, makes the |
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88 | innermost call to EV::loop return. |
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89 | |
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90 | When called with an agrument of 2, all calls to EV::loop will return |
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91 | as fast as possible. |
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92 | |
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93 | WATCHER |
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94 | A watcher is an object that gets created to record your interest in some |
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95 | event. For instance, if you want to wait for STDIN to become readable, |
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96 | you would create an EV::io watcher for that: |
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97 | |
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98 | my $watcher = EV::io *STDIN, EV::READ, sub { |
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99 | my ($watcher, $revents) = @_; |
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100 | warn "yeah, STDIN should not be readable without blocking!\n" |
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101 | }; |
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102 | |
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103 | All watchers can be active (waiting for events) or inactive (paused). |
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104 | Only active watchers will have their callbacks invoked. All callbacks |
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105 | will be called with at least two arguments: the watcher and a bitmask of |
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106 | received events. |
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107 | |
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108 | Each watcher type has its associated bit in revents, so you can use the |
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109 | same callback for multiple watchers. The event mask is named after the |
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110 | type, i..e. EV::child sets EV::CHILD, EV::prepare sets EV::PREPARE, |
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111 | EV::periodic sets EV::PERIODIC and so on, with the exception of IO |
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112 | events (which can set both EV::READ and EV::WRITE bits), and EV::timer |
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113 | (which uses EV::TIMEOUT). |
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114 | |
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115 | In the rare case where one wants to create a watcher but not start it at |
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116 | the same time, each constructor has a variant with a trailing "_ns" in |
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117 | its name, e.g. EV::io has a non-starting variant EV::io_ns and so on. |
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118 | |
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119 | Please note that a watcher will automatically be stopped when the |
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120 | watcher object is returned, so you *need* to keep the watcher objects |
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121 | returned by the constructors. |
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122 | |
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123 | WATCHER TYPES |
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124 | Now lets move to the existing watcher types and asociated methods. |
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125 | |
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126 | The following methods are available for all watchers. Then followes a |
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127 | description of each watcher constructor (EV::io, EV::timer, |
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128 | EV::periodic, EV::signal, EV::child, EV::idle, EV::prepare and |
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129 | EV::check), followed by any type-specific methods (if any). |
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130 | |
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131 | $w->start |
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132 | Starts a watcher if it isn't active already. Does nothing to an |
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133 | already active watcher. By default, all watchers start out in the |
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134 | active state (see the description of the "_ns" variants if you need |
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135 | stopped watchers). |
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136 | |
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137 | $w->stop |
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138 | Stop a watcher if it is active. Also clear any pending events |
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139 | (events that have been received but that didn't yet result in a |
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140 | callback invocation), regardless of wether the watcher was active or |
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141 | not. |
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142 | |
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143 | $bool = $w->is_active |
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144 | Returns true if the watcher is active, false otherwise. |
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145 | |
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146 | $current_cb = $w->cb |
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147 | $old_cb = $w->cb ($new_cb) |
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148 | Queries the callback on the watcher and optionally changes it. You |
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149 | cna do this at any time. |
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150 | |
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151 | $w->trigger ($revents) |
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152 | Call the callback *now* with the given event mask. |
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153 | |
104 | my $w = EV::io $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback |
154 | $w = EV::io $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback |
105 | my $w = EV::io_ns $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback |
155 | $w = EV::io_ns $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $callback |
106 | As long as the returned watcher object is alive, call the $callback |
156 | As long as the returned watcher object is alive, call the $callback |
107 | when the events specified in $eventmask happen. Initially, the |
157 | when the events specified in $eventmask. |
108 | timeout is disabled. |
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109 | |
158 | |
110 | You can additionall set a timeout to occur on the watcher, but note |
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111 | that this timeout will not be reset when you get an I/O event in the |
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112 | EV::PERSIST case, and reaching a timeout will always stop the |
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113 | watcher even in the EV::PERSIST case. |
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114 | |
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115 | If you want a timeout to occur only after a specific time of |
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116 | inactivity, set a repeating timeout and do NOT use EV::PERSIST. |
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117 | |
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118 | Eventmask can be one or more of these constants ORed together: |
159 | The $eventmask can be one or more of these constants ORed together: |
119 | |
160 | |
120 | EV::READ wait until read() wouldn't block anymore |
161 | EV::READ wait until read() wouldn't block anymore |
121 | EV::WRITE wait until write() wouldn't block anymore |
162 | EV::WRITE wait until write() wouldn't block anymore |
122 | EV::PERSIST stay active after a (non-timeout) event occured |
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123 | |
163 | |
124 | The "io_ns" variant doesn't add/start the newly created watcher. |
164 | The "io_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created |
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165 | watcher. |
125 | |
166 | |
126 | my $w = EV::timed_io $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $timeout, $callback |
167 | $w->set ($fileno_or_fh, $eventmask) |
127 | my $w = EV::timed_io_ns $fileno_or_fh, $eventmask, $timeout, $callback |
168 | Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can |
128 | Same as "io" and "io_ns", but also specifies a timeout (as if there |
169 | be called at any time. |
129 | was a call to "$w->timeout ($timout, 1)". The persist flag is not |
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130 | allowed and will automatically be cleared. The watcher will be |
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131 | restarted after each event. |
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132 | |
170 | |
133 | If the timeout is zero or undef, no timeout will be set, and a |
171 | $current_fh = $w->fh |
134 | normal watcher (with the persist flag set!) will be created. |
172 | $old_fh = $w->fh ($new_fh) |
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173 | Returns the previously set filehandle and optionally set a new one. |
135 | |
174 | |
136 | This has the effect of timing out after the specified period of |
175 | $current_eventmask = $w->events |
137 | inactivity has happened. |
176 | $old_eventmask = $w->events ($new_eventmask) |
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177 | Returns the previously set event mask and optionally set a new one. |
138 | |
178 | |
139 | Due to the design of libevent, this is also relatively inefficient, |
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140 | having one or two io watchers and a separate timeout watcher that |
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141 | you reset on activity (by calling its "start" method) is usually |
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142 | more efficient. |
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143 | |
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144 | my $w = EV::timer $after, $repeat, $callback |
179 | $w = EV::timer $after, $repeat, $callback |
145 | my $w = EV::timer_ns $after, $repeat, $callback |
180 | $w = EV::timer_ns $after, $repeat, $callback |
146 | Calls the callback after $after seconds. If $repeat is true, the |
181 | Calls the callback after $after seconds. If $repeat is non-zero, the |
147 | timer will be restarted after the callback returns. This means that |
182 | timer will be restarted (with the $repeat value as $after) after the |
148 | the callback would be called roughly every $after seconds, prolonged |
183 | callback returns. |
149 | by the time the callback takes. |
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150 | |
184 | |
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185 | This means that the callback would be called roughly after $after |
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186 | seconds, and then every $repeat seconds. "Roughly" because the time |
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187 | of callback processing is not taken into account, so the timer will |
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188 | slowly drift. If that isn't acceptable, look at EV::periodic. |
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189 | |
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190 | The timer is based on a monotonic clock, that is if somebody is |
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191 | sitting in front of the machine while the timer is running and |
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192 | changes the system clock, the timer will nevertheless run (roughly) |
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193 | the same time. |
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194 | |
151 | The "timer_ns" variant doesn't add/start the newly created watcher. |
195 | The "timer_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created |
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196 | watcher. |
152 | |
197 | |
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198 | $w->set ($after, $repeat) |
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199 | Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can |
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200 | be at any time. |
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201 | |
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202 | $w->again |
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203 | Similar to the "start" method, but has special semantics for |
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204 | repeating timers: |
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205 | |
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206 | If the timer is active and repeating, reset the timeout to occur |
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207 | $repeat seconds after now. |
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208 | |
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209 | If the timer is active and non-repeating, it will be stopped. |
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210 | |
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211 | If the timer is in active and repeating, start it. |
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212 | |
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213 | Otherwise do nothing. |
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214 | |
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215 | This behaviour is useful when you have a timeout for some IO |
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216 | operation. You create a timer object with the same value for $after |
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217 | and $repeat, and then, in the read/write watcher, run the "again" |
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218 | method on the timeout. |
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219 | |
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220 | $w = EV::periodic $at, $interval, $callback |
153 | my $w = EV::timer_abs $at, $interval, $callback |
221 | $w = EV::periodic_ns $at, $interval, $callback |
154 | my $w = EV::timer_abs_ns $at, $interval, $callback |
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155 | Similar to EV::timer, but the time is given as an absolute point in |
222 | Similar to EV::timer, but the time is given as an absolute point in |
156 | time ($at), plus an optional $interval. |
223 | time ($at), plus an optional $interval. |
157 | |
224 | |
158 | If the $interval is zero, then the callback will be called at the |
225 | If the $interval is zero, then the callback will be called at the |
159 | time $at if that is in the future, or as soon as possible if its in |
226 | time $at if that is in the future, or as soon as possible if it is |
160 | the past. It will not automatically repeat. |
227 | in the past. It will not automatically repeat. |
161 | |
228 | |
162 | If the $interval is nonzero, then the watcher will always be |
229 | If the $interval is nonzero, then the watcher will always be |
163 | scheduled to time out at the next "$at + integer * $interval" time. |
230 | scheduled to time out at the next "$at + N * $interval" time. |
164 | |
231 | |
165 | This can be used to schedule a callback to run at very regular |
232 | This can be used to schedule a callback to run at very regular |
166 | intervals, as long as the processing time is less then the interval |
233 | intervals, as long as the processing time is less then the interval |
167 | (otherwise obviously events will be skipped). |
234 | (otherwise obviously events will be skipped). |
168 | |
235 | |
169 | Another way to think about it (for the mathematically inclined) is |
236 | Another way to think about it (for the mathematically inclined) is |
170 | that "timer_abs" will try to tun the callback at the next possible |
237 | that EV::periodic will try to run the callback at the next possible |
171 | time where "$time = $at (mod $interval)", regardless of any time |
238 | time where "$time = $at (mod $interval)", regardless of any time |
172 | jumps. |
239 | jumps. |
173 | |
240 | |
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241 | This periodic timer is based on "wallclock time", that is, if the |
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242 | clock changes ("ntp", "date -s" etc.), then the timer will |
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243 | nevertheless run at the specified time. This means it will never |
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244 | drift (it might jitter, but it will not drift). |
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245 | |
174 | The "timer_abs_ns" variant doesn't add/start the newly created |
246 | The "periodic_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created |
175 | watcher. |
247 | watcher. |
176 | |
248 | |
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249 | $w->set ($at, $interval) |
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250 | Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can |
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251 | be at any time. |
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252 | |
177 | my $w = EV::signal $signal, $callback |
253 | $w = EV::signal $signal, $callback |
178 | my $w = EV::signal_ns $signal, $callback |
254 | $w = EV::signal_ns $signal, $callback |
179 | Call the callback when $signal is received (the signal can be |
255 | Call the callback when $signal is received (the signal can be |
180 | specified by number or by name, just as with kill or %SIG). Signal |
256 | specified by number or by name, just as with kill or %SIG). |
181 | watchers are persistent no natter what. |
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182 | |
257 | |
183 | EV will grab the signal for the process (the kernel only allows one |
258 | EV will grab the signal for the process (the kernel only allows one |
184 | component to receive signals) when you start a signal watcher, and |
259 | component to receive a signal at a time) when you start a signal |
185 | removes it again when you stop it. Pelr does the same when you |
260 | watcher, and removes it again when you stop it. Perl does the same |
186 | add/remove callbacks to %SIG, so watch out. |
261 | when you add/remove callbacks to %SIG, so watch out. |
187 | |
262 | |
188 | Unfortunately, only one handler can be registered per signal. Screw |
263 | You can have as many signal watchers per signal as you want. |
189 | libevent. |
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190 | |
264 | |
191 | The "signal_ns" variant doesn't add/start the newly created watcher. |
265 | The "signal_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created |
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266 | watcher. |
192 | |
267 | |
193 | THE EV::Event CLASS |
268 | $w->set ($signal) |
194 | All EV functions creating an event watcher (designated by "my $w =" |
269 | Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can |
195 | above) support the following methods on the returned watcher object: |
270 | be at any time. |
196 | |
271 | |
197 | $w->add ($timeout) |
272 | $w = EV::child $pid, $callback |
198 | Stops and (re-)starts the event watcher, setting the optional |
273 | $w = EV::child_ns $pid, $callback |
199 | timeout to the given value, or clearing the timeout if none is |
274 | Call the callback when a status change for pid $pid (or any pid if |
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275 | $pid is 0) has been received. More precisely: when the process |
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276 | receives a SIGCHLD, EV will fetch the outstanding exit/wait status |
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277 | for all changed/zombie children and call the callback. |
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278 | |
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279 | Unlike all other callbacks, this callback will be called with an |
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280 | additional third argument which is the exit status. See the |
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281 | "waitpid" function for details. |
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282 | |
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283 | You can have as many pid watchers per pid as you want. |
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284 | |
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285 | The "child_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created |
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286 | watcher. |
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287 | |
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288 | $w->set ($pid) |
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289 | Reconfigures the watcher, see the constructor above for details. Can |
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290 | be at any time. |
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291 | |
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292 | $w = EV::idle $callback |
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293 | $w = EV::idle_ns $callback |
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294 | Call the callback when there are no pending io, timer/periodic, |
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295 | signal or child events, i.e. when the process is idle. |
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296 | |
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297 | The process will not block as long as any idle watchers are active, |
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298 | and they will be called repeatedly until stopped. |
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299 | |
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300 | The "idle_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created |
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301 | watcher. |
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302 | |
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303 | $w = EV::prepare $callback |
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304 | $w = EV::prepare_ns $callback |
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305 | Call the callback just before the process would block. You can still |
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306 | create/modify any watchers at this point. |
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307 | |
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308 | See the EV::check watcher, below, for explanations and an example. |
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309 | |
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310 | The "prepare_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created |
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311 | watcher. |
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312 | |
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313 | $w = EV::check $callback |
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314 | $w = EV::check_ns $callback |
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315 | Call the callback just after the process wakes up again (after it |
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316 | has gathered events), but before any other callbacks have been |
200 | given. |
317 | invoked. |
201 | |
318 | |
202 | $w->start |
319 | This is used to integrate other event-based software into the EV |
203 | Stops and (re-)starts the event watcher without touching the |
320 | mainloop: You register a prepare callback and in there, you create |
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321 | io and timer watchers as required by the other software. Here is a |
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322 | real-world example of integrating Net::SNMP (with some details left |
204 | timeout. |
323 | out): |
205 | |
324 | |
206 | $w->del |
325 | our @snmp_watcher; |
207 | $w->stop |
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208 | Stop the event watcher if it was started. |
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209 | |
326 | |
210 | $current_callback = $w->cb |
327 | our $snmp_prepare = EV::prepare sub { |
211 | $old_callback = $w->cb ($new_callback) |
328 | # do nothing unless active |
212 | Return the previously set callback and optionally set a new one. |
329 | $dispatcher->{_event_queue_h} |
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330 | or return; |
213 | |
331 | |
214 | $current_fh = $w->fh |
332 | # make the dispatcher handle any outstanding stuff |
215 | $old_fh = $w->fh ($new_fh) |
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216 | Returns the previously set filehandle and optionally set a new one |
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217 | (also clears the EV::SIGNAL flag when setting a filehandle). |
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218 | |
333 | |
219 | $current_signal = $w->signal |
334 | # create an IO watcher for each and every socket |
220 | $old_signal = $w->signal ($new_signal) |
335 | @snmp_watcher = ( |
221 | Returns the previously set signal number and optionally set a new |
336 | (map { EV::io $_, EV::READ, sub { } } |
222 | one (also sets the EV::SIGNAL flag when setting a signal). |
337 | keys %{ $dispatcher->{_descriptors} }), |
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338 | ); |
223 | |
339 | |
224 | $current_eventmask = $w->events |
340 | # if there are any timeouts, also create a timer |
225 | $old_eventmask = $w->events ($new_eventmask) |
341 | push @snmp_watcher, EV::timer $event->[Net::SNMP::Dispatcher::_TIME] - EV::now, 0, sub { } |
226 | Returns the previously set event mask and optionally set a new one. |
342 | if $event->[Net::SNMP::Dispatcher::_ACTIVE]; |
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343 | }; |
227 | |
344 | |
228 | $w->timeout ($after, $repeat) |
345 | The callbacks are irrelevant, the only purpose of those watchers is |
229 | Resets the timeout (see "EV::timer" for details). |
346 | to wake up the process as soon as one of those events occurs (socket |
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347 | readable, or timer timed out). The corresponding EV::check watcher |
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348 | will then clean up: |
230 | |
349 | |
231 | $w->timeout_abs ($at, $interval) |
350 | our $snmp_check = EV::check sub { |
232 | Resets the timeout (see "EV::timer_abs" for details). |
351 | # destroy all watchers |
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352 | @snmp_watcher = (); |
233 | |
353 | |
234 | $w->priority_set ($priority) |
354 | # make the dispatcher handle any new stuff |
235 | Set the priority of the watcher to $priority (0 <= $priority < |
355 | }; |
236 | $EV::NPRI). |
356 | |
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357 | The callbacks of the created watchers will not be called as the |
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358 | watchers are destroyed before this cna happen (remember EV::check |
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359 | gets called first). |
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360 | |
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361 | The "check_ns" variant doesn't start (activate) the newly created |
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362 | watcher. |
237 | |
363 | |
238 | THREADS |
364 | THREADS |
239 | Threads are not supported by this in any way. Perl pseudo-threads is |
365 | Threads are not supported by this in any way. Perl pseudo-threads is |
240 | evil and must die. |
366 | evil stuff and must die. |
241 | |
367 | |
242 | SEE ALSO |
368 | SEE ALSO |
243 | L<EV::DNS>, L<event(3)>, L<event.h>, L<evdns.h>. |
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244 | L<EV::AnyEvent>. |
369 | L<EV::DNS>, L<EV::AnyEvent>. |
245 | |
370 | |
246 | AUTHOR |
371 | AUTHOR |
247 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
372 | Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
248 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
373 | http://home.schmorp.de/ |
249 | |
374 | |