cvsroot/Linux-Inotify2/Inotify2.pm

=head1 NAME

Linux::Inotify2 - scalable directory/file change notification

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 use Linux::Inotify2;

 # create a new object
 my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
    or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!";
 
 # for Event:
 Event->io (fd =>$inotify->fileno, poll => 'r', cb => sub { $inotify->poll });
 # for Glib:
 add_watch Glib::IO $inotify->fileno, in => sub { $inotify->poll };
 # manually:
 1 while $inotify->poll;

 # add watchers
 $inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS, sub {
    my $e = shift;
    my $name = $e->fullname;
    print "$name was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
    print "$name is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
    print "$name is gone\n" if $e->IN_IGNORED;
    print "events for $name have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;
 
    # cancel this watcheR: remove no further events
    $e->w->cancel;
 });

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module implements an interface to the Linux 2.6.13 and later Inotify
file/directory change notification sytem.

It has a number of advantages over the Linux::Inotify module:

   - it is portable (Linux::Inotify only works on x86)
   - the equivalent of fullname works correctly
   - it is better documented
   - it has callback-style interface, which is better suited for
     integration.

=head2 The Linux::Inotify2 Class

=over 4

=cut

package Linux::Inotify2;

use Carp ();
use Scalar::Util ();

use base 'Exporter';

BEGIN {
   $VERSION = 0.8;

   @constants = qw(
      IN_ACCESS IN_MODIFY IN_ATTRIB IN_CLOSE_WRITE
      IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE IN_OPEN IN_MOVED_FROM IN_MOVED_TO
      IN_CREATE IN_DELETE IN_DELETE_SELF IN_MOVE_SELF
      IN_ALL_EVENTS
      IN_UNMOUNT IN_Q_OVERFLOW IN_IGNORED
      IN_CLOSE IN_MOVE
      IN_ISDIR IN_ONESHOT
   );

   @EXPORT = @constants;

   require XSLoader;
   XSLoader::load Linux::Inotify2, $VERSION;
}

=item my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2

Create a new notify object and return it. A notify object is kind of a
container that stores watches on filesystem names and is responsible for
handling event data.

On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The followign errors
are documented:

 ENFILE   The system limit on the total number of file descriptors has been reached.
 EMFILE   The user limit on the total number of inotify instances has been reached.
 ENOMEM   Insufficient kernel memory is available.

Example:

   my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
      or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!";

=cut

sub new {
   my ($class) = @_;

   my $fd = inotify_init;

   return unless $fd >= 0;

   bless { fd => $fd }, $class
}

=item $watch = $inotify->watch ($name, $mask, $cb)

Add a new watcher to the given notifier. The watcher will create events
on the pathname C<$name> as given in C<$mask>, which can be any of the
following constants (all exported by default) ORed together.

"file" refers to any filesystem object in the watch'ed object (always a
directory), that is files, directories, symlinks, device nodes etc., while
"object" refers to the object the watch has been set on itself:

 IN_ACCESS            object was accessed
 IN_MODIFY            object was modified
 IN_ATTRIB            object metadata changed
 IN_CLOSE_WRITE       writable fd to file / to object was closed
 IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE     readonly fd to file / to object closed
 IN_OPEN              object was opened
 IN_MOVED_FROM        file was moved from this object (directory)
 IN_MOVED_TO          file was moved to this object (directory)
 IN_CREATE            file was created in this object (directory)
 IN_DELETE            file was deleted from this object (directory)
 IN_DELETE_SELF       object itself was deleted
 IN_MOVE_SELF         object itself was moved
 IN_ALL_EVENTS        all of the above events

 IN_ONESHOT           only send event once

 IN_CLOSE             same as IN_CLOSE_WRITE | IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE
 IN_MOVE              same as IN_MOVED_FROM | IN_MOVED_TO

C<$cb> is a perl code reference that is called for each event. It receives
a C<Linux::Inotify2::Event> object.

The returned C<$watch> object is of class C<Linux::Inotify2::Watch>.

On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The
following errors are documented:

 EBADF    The given file descriptor is not valid.
 EINVAL   The given event mask contains no legal events.
 ENOMEM   Insufficient kernel memory was available.
 ENOSPC   The user limit on the total number of inotify watches was reached or the kernel failed to allocate a needed resource.
 EACCESS  Read access to the given file is not permitted.

Example, show when C</etc/passwd> gets accessed and/or modified once:

   $inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS | IN_MODIFY, sub {
      my $e = shift;
      print "$e->{w}{name} was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
      print "$e->{w}{name} was modified\n" if $e->IN_MODIFY;
      print "$e->{w}{name} is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
      print "events for $e->{w}{name} have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;

      $e->w->cancel;
   });

=cut

sub watch {
   my ($self, $name, $mask, $cb) = @_;

   my $wd = inotify_add_watch $self->{fd}, $name, $mask;

   return unless $wd >= 0;
   
   my $w = $self->{w}{$wd} = bless {
      inotify => $self,
      wd      => $wd,
      name    => $name,
      mask    => $mask,
      cb      => $cb,
   }, Linux::Inotify2::Watch;

   Scalar::Util::weaken $w->{inotify};

   $w
}

=item $inotify->fileno

Returns the fileno for this notify object. You are responsible for calling
the C<poll> method when this fileno becomes ready for reading.

=cut

sub fileno {
   $_[0]{fd}
}

=item $count = $inotify->poll

Reads events from the kernel and handles them. If the notify fileno is
blocking (the default), then this method waits for at least one event
(and thus returns true unless an error occurs). Otherwise it returns
immediately when no pending events could be read.

Returns the count of events that have been handled.

=cut

sub poll {
   my ($self) = @_;

   my @ev = inotify_read $self->{fd};

   for (@ev) {
      my $w = $_->{w} = $self->{w}{$_->{wd}}
         or next; # no such watcher

      exists $self->{ignore}{$_->{wd}}
         and next; # watcher has been canceled

      $w->{cb}->(bless $_, Linux::Inotify2::Event);
      $w->cancel if $_->{mask} & (IN_IGNORED | IN_UNMOUNT | IN_ONESHOT);
   }

   delete $self->{ignore};

   scalar @ev
}

sub DESTROY {
   inotify_close $_[0]{fd}
}

=back

=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Event Class

Objects of this class are handed as first argument to the watch
callback. It has the following members and methods:

=over 4

=item $event->w

=item $event->{w}

The watcher object for this event.

=item $event->name

=item $event->{name}

The path of the filesystem object, relative to the watch name.

=item $watch->fullname

Returns the "full" name of the relevant object, i.e. including the C<name>
member of the watcher (if the the watch is on a directory and a dir entry
is affected), or simply the C<name> member itself when the object is the
watch object itself.

=item $event->mask

=item $event->{mask}

The received event mask. In addition the the events described for
C<$inotify->watch>, the following flags (exported by default) can be set:

 IN_ISDIR             event object is a directory
 IN_Q_OVERFLOW        event queue overflowed

 # when any of the following flags are set,
 # then watchers for this event are automatically canceled
 IN_UNMOUNT           filesystem for watch'ed object was unmounted
 IN_IGNORED           file was ignored/is gone (no more events are delivered)
 IN_ONESHOT           only one event was generated

=item $event->IN_xxx

Returns a boolean that returns true if the event mask matches the
event. All of the C<IN_xxx> constants can be used as methods.

=item $event->cookie

=item $event->{cookie}

The event cookie to "synchronize two events". Normally zero, this value is
set when two events relating to the same file are generated. As far as I
know, this only happens for C<IN_MOVED_FROM> and C<IN_MOVED_TO> events, to
identify the old and new name of a file.

=back

=cut

package Linux::Inotify2::Event;

sub w       { $_[0]{w}      }
sub name    { $_[0]{name}   }
sub mask    { $_[0]{mask}   }
sub cookie  { $_[0]{cookie} }

sub fullname {
   length $_[0]{name}
      ? "$_[0]{w}{name}/$_[0]{name}"
      : $_[0]{w}{name};
}

for my $name (@Linux::Inotify2::constants) {
   my $mask = &{"Linux::Inotify2::$name"};

   *$name = sub { ($_[0]{mask} & $mask) == $mask };
}

=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Watch Class

Watch objects are created by calling the C<watch> method of a notifier.

It has the following members and methods:

=item $watch->name

=item $watch->{name}

The name as specified in the C<watch> call. For the object itself, this is
the empty string.  For directory watches, this is the name of the entry
without leading path elements.

=item $watch->mask

=item $watch->{mask}

The mask as specified in the C<watch> call.

=item $watch->cb ([new callback])

=item $watch->{cb}

The callback as specified in the C<watch> call. Can optionally be changed.

=item $watch->cancel

Cancels/removes this watch. Future events, even if already queued queued,
will not be handled and resources will be freed.

=cut

package Linux::Inotify2::Watch;

sub name    { $_[0]{name} }
sub mask    { $_[0]{mask} }

sub cb {
   $_[0]{cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
   $_[0]{cb}
}

sub cancel {
   my ($self) = @_;

   my $inotify = delete $self->{inotify}
      or return 1; # already canceled

   delete $inotify->{w}{$self->{wd}}; # we are no longer there
   $inotify->{ignore}{$self->{wd}} = 1; # ignore further events for one poll

   (Linux::Inotify2::inotify_rm_watch $inotify->{fd}, $self->{wd})
      ? 1 : undef
}

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Linux::Inotify>.

=head1 AUTHOR

 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
 http://home.schmorp.de/

=cut

1
Revision:	1.10
Committed:	Sun Nov 27 12:43:40 2005 UTC (18 years, 7 months ago) by root
Branch:	MAIN
CVS Tags:	rel-0_8
Changes since 1.9:	+9 -7 lines
Log Message:	* empty log message *
#	User	Rev	Content
1	root	1.1	=head1 NAME
2
3			Linux::Inotify2 - scalable directory/file change notification
4
5			=head1 SYNOPSIS
6
7			use Linux::Inotify2;
8
9	root	1.4	# create a new object
10			my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
11			or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!";
12
13			# for Event:
14			Event->io (fd =>$inotify->fileno, poll => 'r', cb => sub { $inotify->poll });
15			# for Glib:
16			add_watch Glib::IO $inotify->fileno, in => sub { $inotify->poll };
17			# manually:
18			1 while $inotify->poll;
19
20			# add watchers
21			$inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS, sub {
22			my $e = shift;
23			my $name = $e->fullname;
24			print "$name was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
25			print "$name is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
26			print "$name is gone\n" if $e->IN_IGNORED;
27			print "events for $name have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;
28
29			# cancel this watcheR: remove no further events
30			$e->w->cancel;
31			});
32
33	root	1.1	=head1 DESCRIPTION
34
35	root	1.3	This module implements an interface to the Linux 2.6.13 and later Inotify
36			file/directory change notification sytem.
37	root	1.2
38	root	1.3	It has a number of advantages over the Linux::Inotify module:
39	root	1.2
40			- it is portable (Linux::Inotify only works on x86)
41			- the equivalent of fullname works correctly
42			- it is better documented
43			- it has callback-style interface, which is better suited for
44			integration.
45
46	root	1.6	=head2 The Linux::Inotify2 Class
47
48	root	1.1	=over 4
49
50			=cut
51
52			package Linux::Inotify2;
53
54			use Carp ();
55			use Scalar::Util ();
56
57			use base 'Exporter';
58
59			BEGIN {
60	root	1.10	$VERSION = 0.8;
61	root	1.1
62			@constants = qw(
63			IN_ACCESS IN_MODIFY IN_ATTRIB IN_CLOSE_WRITE
64			IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE IN_OPEN IN_MOVED_FROM IN_MOVED_TO
65	root	1.9	IN_CREATE IN_DELETE IN_DELETE_SELF IN_MOVE_SELF
66	root	1.1	IN_ALL_EVENTS
67			IN_UNMOUNT IN_Q_OVERFLOW IN_IGNORED
68			IN_CLOSE IN_MOVE
69			IN_ISDIR IN_ONESHOT
70			);
71
72			@EXPORT = @constants;
73
74			require XSLoader;
75			XSLoader::load Linux::Inotify2, $VERSION;
76			}
77
78			=item my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
79
80			Create a new notify object and return it. A notify object is kind of a
81			container that stores watches on filesystem names and is responsible for
82			handling event data.
83
84			On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The followign errors
85			are documented:
86
87			ENFILE The system limit on the total number of file descriptors has been reached.
88			EMFILE The user limit on the total number of inotify instances has been reached.
89			ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory is available.
90
91	root	1.4	Example:
92
93			my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
94			or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!";
95
96	root	1.1	=cut
97
98			sub new {
99			my ($class) = @_;
100
101			my $fd = inotify_init;
102
103			return unless $fd >= 0;
104
105			bless { fd => $fd }, $class
106			}
107
108	root	1.4	=item $watch = $inotify->watch ($name, $mask, $cb)
109	root	1.1
110			Add a new watcher to the given notifier. The watcher will create events
111			on the pathname C<$name> as given in C<$mask>, which can be any of the
112	root	1.4	following constants (all exported by default) ORed together.
113
114			"file" refers to any filesystem object in the watch'ed object (always a
115			directory), that is files, directories, symlinks, device nodes etc., while
116			"object" refers to the object the watch has been set on itself:
117
118			IN_ACCESS object was accessed
119			IN_MODIFY object was modified
120			IN_ATTRIB object metadata changed
121			IN_CLOSE_WRITE writable fd to file / to object was closed
122			IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE readonly fd to file / to object closed
123			IN_OPEN object was opened
124			IN_MOVED_FROM file was moved from this object (directory)
125			IN_MOVED_TO file was moved to this object (directory)
126			IN_CREATE file was created in this object (directory)
127			IN_DELETE file was deleted from this object (directory)
128			IN_DELETE_SELF object itself was deleted
129	root	1.9	IN_MOVE_SELF object itself was moved
130	root	1.4	IN_ALL_EVENTS all of the above events
131	root	1.1
132			IN_ONESHOT only send event once
133
134	root	1.4	IN_CLOSE same as IN_CLOSE_WRITE \| IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE
135			IN_MOVE same as IN_MOVED_FROM \| IN_MOVED_TO
136	root	1.1
137			C<$cb> is a perl code reference that is called for each event. It receives
138			a C<Linux::Inotify2::Event> object.
139
140			The returned C<$watch> object is of class C<Linux::Inotify2::Watch>.
141
142			On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The
143			following errors are documented:
144
145			EBADF The given file descriptor is not valid.
146			EINVAL The given event mask contains no legal events.
147			ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory was available.
148			ENOSPC The user limit on the total number of inotify watches was reached or the kernel failed to allocate a needed resource.
149			EACCESS Read access to the given file is not permitted.
150
151			Example, show when C</etc/passwd> gets accessed and/or modified once:
152
153			$inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS \| IN_MODIFY, sub {
154			my $e = shift;
155			print "$e->{w}{name} was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
156			print "$e->{w}{name} was modified\n" if $e->IN_MODIFY;
157			print "$e->{w}{name} is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
158			print "events for $e->{w}{name} have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;
159
160			$e->w->cancel;
161			});
162
163			=cut
164
165			sub watch {
166			my ($self, $name, $mask, $cb) = @_;
167
168			my $wd = inotify_add_watch $self->{fd}, $name, $mask;
169
170			return unless $wd >= 0;
171
172			my $w = $self->{w}{$wd} = bless {
173			inotify => $self,
174			wd => $wd,
175			name => $name,
176			mask => $mask,
177			cb => $cb,
178			}, Linux::Inotify2::Watch;
179
180			Scalar::Util::weaken $w->{inotify};
181
182			$w
183			}
184
185	root	1.4	=item $inotify->fileno
186	root	1.1
187			Returns the fileno for this notify object. You are responsible for calling
188			the C<poll> method when this fileno becomes ready for reading.
189
190			=cut
191
192			sub fileno {
193			$_[0]{fd}
194			}
195
196	root	1.4	=item $count = $inotify->poll
197	root	1.1
198	root	1.4	Reads events from the kernel and handles them. If the notify fileno is
199			blocking (the default), then this method waits for at least one event
200			(and thus returns true unless an error occurs). Otherwise it returns
201			immediately when no pending events could be read.
202	root	1.1
203			Returns the count of events that have been handled.
204
205			=cut
206
207			sub poll {
208			my ($self) = @_;
209
210	root	1.4	my @ev = inotify_read $self->{fd};
211
212			for (@ev) {
213			my $w = $_->{w} = $self->{w}{$_->{wd}}
214	root	1.1	or next; # no such watcher
215	root	1.4
216			exists $self->{ignore}{$_->{wd}}
217			and next; # watcher has been canceled
218
219			$w->{cb}->(bless $_, Linux::Inotify2::Event);
220	root	1.10	$w->cancel if $_->{mask} & (IN_IGNORED \| IN_UNMOUNT \| IN_ONESHOT);
221	root	1.1	}
222	root	1.4
223			delete $self->{ignore};
224
225			scalar @ev
226	root	1.1	}
227
228			sub DESTROY {
229			inotify_close $_[0]{fd}
230			}
231
232			=back
233
234			=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Event Class
235
236			Objects of this class are handed as first argument to the watch
237			callback. It has the following members and methods:
238
239			=over 4
240
241			=item $event->w
242
243			=item $event->{w}
244
245			The watcher object for this event.
246
247			=item $event->name
248
249			=item $event->{name}
250
251			The path of the filesystem object, relative to the watch name.
252
253			=item $watch->fullname
254
255			Returns the "full" name of the relevant object, i.e. including the C<name>
256	root	1.7	member of the watcher (if the the watch is on a directory and a dir entry
257			is affected), or simply the C<name> member itself when the object is the
258			watch object itself.
259	root	1.1
260			=item $event->mask
261
262			=item $event->{mask}
263
264			The received event mask. In addition the the events described for
265			C<$inotify->watch>, the following flags (exported by default) can be set:
266
267	root	1.4	IN_ISDIR event object is a directory
268			IN_Q_OVERFLOW event queue overflowed
269
270	root	1.10	# when any of the following flags are set,
271			# then watchers for this event are automatically canceled
272	root	1.4	IN_UNMOUNT filesystem for watch'ed object was unmounted
273			IN_IGNORED file was ignored/is gone (no more events are delivered)
274	root	1.10	IN_ONESHOT only one event was generated
275	root	1.1
276			=item $event->IN_xxx
277
278			Returns a boolean that returns true if the event mask matches the
279			event. All of the C<IN_xxx> constants can be used as methods.
280
281			=item $event->cookie
282
283			=item $event->{cookie}
284
285	root	1.10	The event cookie to "synchronize two events". Normally zero, this value is
286			set when two events relating to the same file are generated. As far as I
287			know, this only happens for C<IN_MOVED_FROM> and C<IN_MOVED_TO> events, to
288			identify the old and new name of a file.
289	root	1.1
290			=back
291
292			=cut
293
294			package Linux::Inotify2::Event;
295
296			sub w { $_[0]{w} }
297			sub name { $_[0]{name} }
298			sub mask { $_[0]{mask} }
299			sub cookie { $_[0]{cookie} }
300
301			sub fullname {
302			length $_[0]{name}
303			? "$_[0]{w}{name}/$_[0]{name}"
304			: $_[0]{w}{name};
305			}
306
307			for my $name (@Linux::Inotify2::constants) {
308			my $mask = &{"Linux::Inotify2::$name"};
309
310			*$name = sub { ($_[0]{mask} & $mask) == $mask };
311			}
312
313			=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Watch Class
314
315			Watch objects are created by calling the C<watch> method of a notifier.
316
317			It has the following members and methods:
318
319			=item $watch->name
320
321			=item $watch->{name}
322
323			The name as specified in the C<watch> call. For the object itself, this is
324			the empty string. For directory watches, this is the name of the entry
325			without leading path elements.
326
327			=item $watch->mask
328
329			=item $watch->{mask}
330
331			The mask as specified in the C<watch> call.
332
333			=item $watch->cb ([new callback])
334
335			=item $watch->{cb}
336
337			The callback as specified in the C<watch> call. Can optionally be changed.
338
339			=item $watch->cancel
340
341			Cancels/removes this watch. Future events, even if already queued queued,
342			will not be handled and resources will be freed.
343
344			=cut
345
346			package Linux::Inotify2::Watch;
347
348			sub name { $_[0]{name} }
349			sub mask { $_[0]{mask} }
350
351			sub cb {
352			$_[0]{cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
353			$_[0]{cb}
354			}
355
356			sub cancel {
357			my ($self) = @_;
358
359	root	1.4	my $inotify = delete $self->{inotify}
360			or return 1; # already canceled
361
362			delete $inotify->{w}{$self->{wd}}; # we are no longer there
363			$inotify->{ignore}{$self->{wd}} = 1; # ignore further events for one poll
364
365			(Linux::Inotify2::inotify_rm_watch $inotify->{fd}, $self->{wd})
366	root	1.1	? 1 : undef
367			}
368
369			=head1 SEE ALSO
370
371			L<Linux::Inotify>.
372
373			=head1 AUTHOR
374
375			Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
376			http://home.schmorp.de/
377
378			=cut
379
380			1