1 |
=head1 NAME |
2 |
|
3 |
Linux::Inotify2 - scalable directory/file change notification |
4 |
|
5 |
=head1 SYNOPSIS |
6 |
|
7 |
use Linux::Inotify2; |
8 |
|
9 |
# create a new object |
10 |
my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2 |
11 |
or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!"; |
12 |
|
13 |
# for Event: |
14 |
Event->io (fd =>$inotify->fileno, poll => 'r', cb => sub { $inotify->poll }); |
15 |
# for Glib: |
16 |
add_watch Glib::IO $inotify->fileno, in => sub { $inotify->poll }; |
17 |
# manually: |
18 |
1 while $inotify->poll; |
19 |
|
20 |
# add watchers |
21 |
$inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS, sub { |
22 |
my $e = shift; |
23 |
my $name = $e->fullname; |
24 |
print "$name was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS; |
25 |
print "$name is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT; |
26 |
print "$name is gone\n" if $e->IN_IGNORED; |
27 |
print "events for $name have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW; |
28 |
|
29 |
# cancel this watcheR: remove no further events |
30 |
$e->w->cancel; |
31 |
}); |
32 |
|
33 |
=head1 DESCRIPTION |
34 |
|
35 |
This module implements an interface to the Linux 2.6.13 and later Inotify |
36 |
file/directory change notification sytem. |
37 |
|
38 |
It has a number of advantages over the Linux::Inotify module: |
39 |
|
40 |
- it is portable (Linux::Inotify only works on x86) |
41 |
- the equivalent of fullname works correctly |
42 |
- it is better documented |
43 |
- it has callback-style interface, which is better suited for |
44 |
integration. |
45 |
|
46 |
=head2 The Linux::Inotify2 Class |
47 |
|
48 |
=over 4 |
49 |
|
50 |
=cut |
51 |
|
52 |
package Linux::Inotify2; |
53 |
|
54 |
use Carp (); |
55 |
use Scalar::Util (); |
56 |
|
57 |
use base 'Exporter'; |
58 |
|
59 |
BEGIN { |
60 |
$VERSION = 0.8; |
61 |
|
62 |
@constants = qw( |
63 |
IN_ACCESS IN_MODIFY IN_ATTRIB IN_CLOSE_WRITE |
64 |
IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE IN_OPEN IN_MOVED_FROM IN_MOVED_TO |
65 |
IN_CREATE IN_DELETE IN_DELETE_SELF IN_MOVE_SELF |
66 |
IN_ALL_EVENTS |
67 |
IN_UNMOUNT IN_Q_OVERFLOW IN_IGNORED |
68 |
IN_CLOSE IN_MOVE |
69 |
IN_ISDIR IN_ONESHOT |
70 |
); |
71 |
|
72 |
@EXPORT = @constants; |
73 |
|
74 |
require XSLoader; |
75 |
XSLoader::load Linux::Inotify2, $VERSION; |
76 |
} |
77 |
|
78 |
=item my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2 |
79 |
|
80 |
Create a new notify object and return it. A notify object is kind of a |
81 |
container that stores watches on filesystem names and is responsible for |
82 |
handling event data. |
83 |
|
84 |
On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The followign errors |
85 |
are documented: |
86 |
|
87 |
ENFILE The system limit on the total number of file descriptors has been reached. |
88 |
EMFILE The user limit on the total number of inotify instances has been reached. |
89 |
ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory is available. |
90 |
|
91 |
Example: |
92 |
|
93 |
my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2 |
94 |
or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!"; |
95 |
|
96 |
=cut |
97 |
|
98 |
sub new { |
99 |
my ($class) = @_; |
100 |
|
101 |
my $fd = inotify_init; |
102 |
|
103 |
return unless $fd >= 0; |
104 |
|
105 |
bless { fd => $fd }, $class |
106 |
} |
107 |
|
108 |
=item $watch = $inotify->watch ($name, $mask, $cb) |
109 |
|
110 |
Add a new watcher to the given notifier. The watcher will create events |
111 |
on the pathname C<$name> as given in C<$mask>, which can be any of the |
112 |
following constants (all exported by default) ORed together. |
113 |
|
114 |
"file" refers to any filesystem object in the watch'ed object (always a |
115 |
directory), that is files, directories, symlinks, device nodes etc., while |
116 |
"object" refers to the object the watch has been set on itself: |
117 |
|
118 |
IN_ACCESS object was accessed |
119 |
IN_MODIFY object was modified |
120 |
IN_ATTRIB object metadata changed |
121 |
IN_CLOSE_WRITE writable fd to file / to object was closed |
122 |
IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE readonly fd to file / to object closed |
123 |
IN_OPEN object was opened |
124 |
IN_MOVED_FROM file was moved from this object (directory) |
125 |
IN_MOVED_TO file was moved to this object (directory) |
126 |
IN_CREATE file was created in this object (directory) |
127 |
IN_DELETE file was deleted from this object (directory) |
128 |
IN_DELETE_SELF object itself was deleted |
129 |
IN_MOVE_SELF object itself was moved |
130 |
IN_ALL_EVENTS all of the above events |
131 |
|
132 |
IN_ONESHOT only send event once |
133 |
|
134 |
IN_CLOSE same as IN_CLOSE_WRITE | IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE |
135 |
IN_MOVE same as IN_MOVED_FROM | IN_MOVED_TO |
136 |
|
137 |
C<$cb> is a perl code reference that is called for each event. It receives |
138 |
a C<Linux::Inotify2::Event> object. |
139 |
|
140 |
The returned C<$watch> object is of class C<Linux::Inotify2::Watch>. |
141 |
|
142 |
On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The |
143 |
following errors are documented: |
144 |
|
145 |
EBADF The given file descriptor is not valid. |
146 |
EINVAL The given event mask contains no legal events. |
147 |
ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory was available. |
148 |
ENOSPC The user limit on the total number of inotify watches was reached or the kernel failed to allocate a needed resource. |
149 |
EACCESS Read access to the given file is not permitted. |
150 |
|
151 |
Example, show when C</etc/passwd> gets accessed and/or modified once: |
152 |
|
153 |
$inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS | IN_MODIFY, sub { |
154 |
my $e = shift; |
155 |
print "$e->{w}{name} was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS; |
156 |
print "$e->{w}{name} was modified\n" if $e->IN_MODIFY; |
157 |
print "$e->{w}{name} is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT; |
158 |
print "events for $e->{w}{name} have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW; |
159 |
|
160 |
$e->w->cancel; |
161 |
}); |
162 |
|
163 |
=cut |
164 |
|
165 |
sub watch { |
166 |
my ($self, $name, $mask, $cb) = @_; |
167 |
|
168 |
my $wd = inotify_add_watch $self->{fd}, $name, $mask; |
169 |
|
170 |
return unless $wd >= 0; |
171 |
|
172 |
my $w = $self->{w}{$wd} = bless { |
173 |
inotify => $self, |
174 |
wd => $wd, |
175 |
name => $name, |
176 |
mask => $mask, |
177 |
cb => $cb, |
178 |
}, Linux::Inotify2::Watch; |
179 |
|
180 |
Scalar::Util::weaken $w->{inotify}; |
181 |
|
182 |
$w |
183 |
} |
184 |
|
185 |
=item $inotify->fileno |
186 |
|
187 |
Returns the fileno for this notify object. You are responsible for calling |
188 |
the C<poll> method when this fileno becomes ready for reading. |
189 |
|
190 |
=cut |
191 |
|
192 |
sub fileno { |
193 |
$_[0]{fd} |
194 |
} |
195 |
|
196 |
=item $count = $inotify->poll |
197 |
|
198 |
Reads events from the kernel and handles them. If the notify fileno is |
199 |
blocking (the default), then this method waits for at least one event |
200 |
(and thus returns true unless an error occurs). Otherwise it returns |
201 |
immediately when no pending events could be read. |
202 |
|
203 |
Returns the count of events that have been handled. |
204 |
|
205 |
=cut |
206 |
|
207 |
sub poll { |
208 |
my ($self) = @_; |
209 |
|
210 |
my @ev = inotify_read $self->{fd}; |
211 |
|
212 |
for (@ev) { |
213 |
my $w = $_->{w} = $self->{w}{$_->{wd}} |
214 |
or next; # no such watcher |
215 |
|
216 |
exists $self->{ignore}{$_->{wd}} |
217 |
and next; # watcher has been canceled |
218 |
|
219 |
$w->{cb}->(bless $_, Linux::Inotify2::Event); |
220 |
$w->cancel if $_->{mask} & (IN_IGNORED | IN_UNMOUNT | IN_ONESHOT); |
221 |
} |
222 |
|
223 |
delete $self->{ignore}; |
224 |
|
225 |
scalar @ev |
226 |
} |
227 |
|
228 |
sub DESTROY { |
229 |
inotify_close $_[0]{fd} |
230 |
} |
231 |
|
232 |
=back |
233 |
|
234 |
=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Event Class |
235 |
|
236 |
Objects of this class are handed as first argument to the watch |
237 |
callback. It has the following members and methods: |
238 |
|
239 |
=over 4 |
240 |
|
241 |
=item $event->w |
242 |
|
243 |
=item $event->{w} |
244 |
|
245 |
The watcher object for this event. |
246 |
|
247 |
=item $event->name |
248 |
|
249 |
=item $event->{name} |
250 |
|
251 |
The path of the filesystem object, relative to the watch name. |
252 |
|
253 |
=item $watch->fullname |
254 |
|
255 |
Returns the "full" name of the relevant object, i.e. including the C<name> |
256 |
member of the watcher (if the the watch is on a directory and a dir entry |
257 |
is affected), or simply the C<name> member itself when the object is the |
258 |
watch object itself. |
259 |
|
260 |
=item $event->mask |
261 |
|
262 |
=item $event->{mask} |
263 |
|
264 |
The received event mask. In addition the the events described for |
265 |
C<$inotify->watch>, the following flags (exported by default) can be set: |
266 |
|
267 |
IN_ISDIR event object is a directory |
268 |
IN_Q_OVERFLOW event queue overflowed |
269 |
|
270 |
# when any of the following flags are set, |
271 |
# then watchers for this event are automatically canceled |
272 |
IN_UNMOUNT filesystem for watch'ed object was unmounted |
273 |
IN_IGNORED file was ignored/is gone (no more events are delivered) |
274 |
IN_ONESHOT only one event was generated |
275 |
|
276 |
=item $event->IN_xxx |
277 |
|
278 |
Returns a boolean that returns true if the event mask matches the |
279 |
event. All of the C<IN_xxx> constants can be used as methods. |
280 |
|
281 |
=item $event->cookie |
282 |
|
283 |
=item $event->{cookie} |
284 |
|
285 |
The event cookie to "synchronize two events". Normally zero, this value is |
286 |
set when two events relating to the same file are generated. As far as I |
287 |
know, this only happens for C<IN_MOVED_FROM> and C<IN_MOVED_TO> events, to |
288 |
identify the old and new name of a file. |
289 |
|
290 |
=back |
291 |
|
292 |
=cut |
293 |
|
294 |
package Linux::Inotify2::Event; |
295 |
|
296 |
sub w { $_[0]{w} } |
297 |
sub name { $_[0]{name} } |
298 |
sub mask { $_[0]{mask} } |
299 |
sub cookie { $_[0]{cookie} } |
300 |
|
301 |
sub fullname { |
302 |
length $_[0]{name} |
303 |
? "$_[0]{w}{name}/$_[0]{name}" |
304 |
: $_[0]{w}{name}; |
305 |
} |
306 |
|
307 |
for my $name (@Linux::Inotify2::constants) { |
308 |
my $mask = &{"Linux::Inotify2::$name"}; |
309 |
|
310 |
*$name = sub { ($_[0]{mask} & $mask) == $mask }; |
311 |
} |
312 |
|
313 |
=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Watch Class |
314 |
|
315 |
Watch objects are created by calling the C<watch> method of a notifier. |
316 |
|
317 |
It has the following members and methods: |
318 |
|
319 |
=item $watch->name |
320 |
|
321 |
=item $watch->{name} |
322 |
|
323 |
The name as specified in the C<watch> call. For the object itself, this is |
324 |
the empty string. For directory watches, this is the name of the entry |
325 |
without leading path elements. |
326 |
|
327 |
=item $watch->mask |
328 |
|
329 |
=item $watch->{mask} |
330 |
|
331 |
The mask as specified in the C<watch> call. |
332 |
|
333 |
=item $watch->cb ([new callback]) |
334 |
|
335 |
=item $watch->{cb} |
336 |
|
337 |
The callback as specified in the C<watch> call. Can optionally be changed. |
338 |
|
339 |
=item $watch->cancel |
340 |
|
341 |
Cancels/removes this watch. Future events, even if already queued queued, |
342 |
will not be handled and resources will be freed. |
343 |
|
344 |
=cut |
345 |
|
346 |
package Linux::Inotify2::Watch; |
347 |
|
348 |
sub name { $_[0]{name} } |
349 |
sub mask { $_[0]{mask} } |
350 |
|
351 |
sub cb { |
352 |
$_[0]{cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1; |
353 |
$_[0]{cb} |
354 |
} |
355 |
|
356 |
sub cancel { |
357 |
my ($self) = @_; |
358 |
|
359 |
my $inotify = delete $self->{inotify} |
360 |
or return 1; # already canceled |
361 |
|
362 |
delete $inotify->{w}{$self->{wd}}; # we are no longer there |
363 |
$inotify->{ignore}{$self->{wd}} = 1; # ignore further events for one poll |
364 |
|
365 |
(Linux::Inotify2::inotify_rm_watch $inotify->{fd}, $self->{wd}) |
366 |
? 1 : undef |
367 |
} |
368 |
|
369 |
=head1 SEE ALSO |
370 |
|
371 |
L<Linux::Inotify>. |
372 |
|
373 |
=head1 AUTHOR |
374 |
|
375 |
Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de> |
376 |
http://home.schmorp.de/ |
377 |
|
378 |
=cut |
379 |
|
380 |
1 |