cvsroot/Linux-Inotify2/Inotify2.pm

=head1 NAME

Linux::Inotify2 - scalable directory/file change notification

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 use Linux::Inotify2;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

=head2 The Linux::Inotify2 Class

This module implements an interface to the Linux 2.6.13 and later Inotify
file/directory change notification sytem.

It has a number of advantages over the Linux::Inotify module:

   - it is portable (Linux::Inotify only works on x86)
   - the equivalent of fullname works correctly
   - it is better documented
   - it has callback-style interface, which is better suited for
     integration.

=over 4

=cut

package Linux::Inotify2;

use Carp ();
use Scalar::Util ();

use base 'Exporter';

BEGIN {
   $VERSION = 0.2;

   @constants = qw(
      IN_ACCESS IN_MODIFY IN_ATTRIB IN_CLOSE_WRITE
      IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE IN_OPEN IN_MOVED_FROM IN_MOVED_TO
      IN_CREATE IN_DELETE IN_DELETE_SELF
      IN_ALL_EVENTS
      IN_UNMOUNT IN_Q_OVERFLOW IN_IGNORED
      IN_CLOSE IN_MOVE
      IN_ISDIR IN_ONESHOT
   );

   @EXPORT = @constants;

   require XSLoader;
   XSLoader::load Linux::Inotify2, $VERSION;
}

=item my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2

Create a new notify object and return it. A notify object is kind of a
container that stores watches on filesystem names and is responsible for
handling event data.

On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The followign errors
are documented:

 ENFILE   The system limit on the total number of file descriptors has been reached.
 EMFILE   The user limit on the total number of inotify instances has been reached.
 ENOMEM   Insufficient kernel memory is available.

=cut

sub new {
   my ($class) = @_;

   my $fd = inotify_init;

   return unless $fd >= 0;

   bless { fd => $fd }, $class
}

=item $watch = $inotify2->watch ($name, $mask, $cb)

Add a new watcher to the given notifier. The watcher will create events
on the pathname C<$name> as given in C<$mask>, which can be any of the
following constants (all exported by default) ORed together:

 IN_ACCESS            File was accessed
 IN_MODIFY            File was modified
 IN_ATTRIB            Metadata changed
 IN_CLOSE_WRITE       Writable file was closed
 IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE     Unwritable file closed
 IN_OPEN              File was opened
 IN_MOVED_FROM        File was moved from X
 IN_MOVED_TO          File was moved to Y
 IN_CREATE            Subfile was created
 IN_DELETE            Subfile was deleted
 IN_DELETE_SELF       Self was deleted
 IN_ONESHOT           only send event once
 IN_ALL_EVENTS        All of the above events

 IN_CLOSE             Same as IN_CLOSE_WRITE | IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE
 IN_MOVE              Same as IN_MOVED_FROM | IN_MOVED_TO

C<$cb> is a perl code reference that is called for each event. It receives
a C<Linux::Inotify2::Event> object.

The returned C<$watch> object is of class C<Linux::Inotify2::Watch>.

On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The
following errors are documented:

 EBADF    The given file descriptor is not valid.
 EINVAL   The given event mask contains no legal events.
 ENOMEM   Insufficient kernel memory was available.
 ENOSPC   The user limit on the total number of inotify watches was reached or the kernel failed to allocate a needed resource.
 EACCESS  Read access to the given file is not permitted.

Example, show when C</etc/passwd> gets accessed and/or modified once:

   $inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS | IN_MODIFY, sub {
      my $e = shift;
      print "$e->{w}{name} was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
      print "$e->{w}{name} was modified\n" if $e->IN_MODIFY;
      print "$e->{w}{name} is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
      print "events for $e->{w}{name} have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;

      $e->w->cancel;
   });

=cut

sub watch {
   my ($self, $name, $mask, $cb) = @_;

   my $wd = inotify_add_watch $self->{fd}, $name, $mask;

   return unless $wd >= 0;
   
   my $w = $self->{w}{$wd} = bless {
      inotify => $self,
      wd      => $wd,
      name    => $name,
      mask    => $mask,
      cb      => $cb,
   }, Linux::Inotify2::Watch;

   Scalar::Util::weaken $w->{inotify};

   $w
}

=item $inotify2->fileno

Returns the fileno for this notify object. You are responsible for calling
the C<poll> method when this fileno becomes ready for reading.

=cut

sub fileno {
   $_[0]{fd}
}

=item $count = $inotify2->poll

Reads events from the kernel and handles them. If the notify fileno
is blocking (the default), then this method waits for at least one
event. Otherwise it returns immediately when no pending events could be
read.

Returns the count of events that have been handled.

=cut

# TODO: potential race with recently-canceled watchers

sub poll {
   my ($self) = @_;

   for (inotify_read $self->{fd}) {
      $_->{w} = $self->{w}{$_->{wd}}
         or next; # no such watcher
      $_->{w}{cb}->(bless $_, Linux::Inotify2::Event);
   }
}

sub DESTROY {
   inotify_close $_[0]{fd}
}

=back

=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Event Class

Objects of this class are handed as first argument to the watch
callback. It has the following members and methods:

=over 4

=item $event->w

=item $event->{w}

The watcher object for this event.

=item $event->name

=item $event->{name}

The path of the filesystem object, relative to the watch name.

=item $watch->fullname

Returns the "full" name of the relevant object, i.e. including the C<name>
component of the watcher.

=item $event->mask

=item $event->{mask}

The received event mask. In addition the the events described for
C<$inotify->watch>, the following flags (exported by default) can be set:

 IN_ISDIR             event occurred against dir

 IN_UNMOUNT           Backing fs was unmounted
 IN_Q_OVERFLOW        Event queued overflowed
 IN_IGNORED           File was ignored (no more events will be delivered)

=item $event->IN_xxx

Returns a boolean that returns true if the event mask matches the
event. All of the C<IN_xxx> constants can be used as methods.

=item $event->cookie

=item $event->{cookie}

The event cookie, can be used to synchronize two related events.

=back

=cut

package Linux::Inotify2::Event;

sub w       { $_[0]{w}      }
sub name    { $_[0]{name}   }
sub mask    { $_[0]{mask}   }
sub cookie  { $_[0]{cookie} }

sub fullname {
   length $_[0]{name}
      ? "$_[0]{w}{name}/$_[0]{name}"
      : $_[0]{w}{name};
}

for my $name (@Linux::Inotify2::constants) {
   my $mask = &{"Linux::Inotify2::$name"};

   *$name = sub { ($_[0]{mask} & $mask) == $mask };
}

=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Watch Class

Watch objects are created by calling the C<watch> method of a notifier.

It has the following members and methods:

=item $watch->name

=item $watch->{name}

The name as specified in the C<watch> call. For the object itself, this is
the empty string.  For directory watches, this is the name of the entry
without leading path elements.

=item $watch->mask

=item $watch->{mask}

The mask as specified in the C<watch> call.

=item $watch->cb ([new callback])

=item $watch->{cb}

The callback as specified in the C<watch> call. Can optionally be changed.

=item $watch->cancel

Cancels/removes this watch. Future events, even if already queued queued,
will not be handled and resources will be freed.

=cut

package Linux::Inotify2::Watch;

sub name    { $_[0]{name} }
sub mask    { $_[0]{mask} }

sub cb {
   $_[0]{cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
   $_[0]{cb}
}

sub cancel {
   my ($self) = @_;

   (Linux::Inotify2::inotify_rm_watch $self->{inotify}{fd}, $self->{wd})
      ? 1 : undef
}

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Linux::Inotify>.

=head1 AUTHOR

 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
 http://home.schmorp.de/

=cut

1
Revision:	1.3
Committed:	Mon Aug 22 10:01:38 2005 UTC (18 years, 10 months ago) by root
Branch:	MAIN
Changes since 1.2:	+6 -6 lines
Log Message:	* empty log message *
#	Content
1	=head1 NAME
2
3	Linux::Inotify2 - scalable directory/file change notification
4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6
7	use Linux::Inotify2;
8
9	=head1 DESCRIPTION
10
11	=head2 The Linux::Inotify2 Class
12
13	This module implements an interface to the Linux 2.6.13 and later Inotify
14	file/directory change notification sytem.
15
16	It has a number of advantages over the Linux::Inotify module:
17
18	- it is portable (Linux::Inotify only works on x86)
19	- the equivalent of fullname works correctly
20	- it is better documented
21	- it has callback-style interface, which is better suited for
22	integration.
23
24	=over 4
25
26	=cut
27
28	package Linux::Inotify2;
29
30	use Carp ();
31	use Scalar::Util ();
32
33	use base 'Exporter';
34
35	BEGIN {
36	$VERSION = 0.2;
37
38	@constants = qw(
39	IN_ACCESS IN_MODIFY IN_ATTRIB IN_CLOSE_WRITE
40	IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE IN_OPEN IN_MOVED_FROM IN_MOVED_TO
41	IN_CREATE IN_DELETE IN_DELETE_SELF
42	IN_ALL_EVENTS
43	IN_UNMOUNT IN_Q_OVERFLOW IN_IGNORED
44	IN_CLOSE IN_MOVE
45	IN_ISDIR IN_ONESHOT
46	);
47
48	@EXPORT = @constants;
49
50	require XSLoader;
51	XSLoader::load Linux::Inotify2, $VERSION;
52	}
53
54	=item my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
55
56	Create a new notify object and return it. A notify object is kind of a
57	container that stores watches on filesystem names and is responsible for
58	handling event data.
59
60	On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The followign errors
61	are documented:
62
63	ENFILE The system limit on the total number of file descriptors has been reached.
64	EMFILE The user limit on the total number of inotify instances has been reached.
65	ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory is available.
66
67	=cut
68
69	sub new {
70	my ($class) = @_;
71
72	my $fd = inotify_init;
73
74	return unless $fd >= 0;
75
76	bless { fd => $fd }, $class
77	}
78
79	=item $watch = $inotify2->watch ($name, $mask, $cb)
80
81	Add a new watcher to the given notifier. The watcher will create events
82	on the pathname C<$name> as given in C<$mask>, which can be any of the
83	following constants (all exported by default) ORed together:
84
85	IN_ACCESS File was accessed
86	IN_MODIFY File was modified
87	IN_ATTRIB Metadata changed
88	IN_CLOSE_WRITE Writable file was closed
89	IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE Unwritable file closed
90	IN_OPEN File was opened
91	IN_MOVED_FROM File was moved from X
92	IN_MOVED_TO File was moved to Y
93	IN_CREATE Subfile was created
94	IN_DELETE Subfile was deleted
95	IN_DELETE_SELF Self was deleted
96	IN_ONESHOT only send event once
97	IN_ALL_EVENTS All of the above events
98
99	IN_CLOSE Same as IN_CLOSE_WRITE \| IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE
100	IN_MOVE Same as IN_MOVED_FROM \| IN_MOVED_TO
101
102	C<$cb> is a perl code reference that is called for each event. It receives
103	a C<Linux::Inotify2::Event> object.
104
105	The returned C<$watch> object is of class C<Linux::Inotify2::Watch>.
106
107	On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The
108	following errors are documented:
109
110	EBADF The given file descriptor is not valid.
111	EINVAL The given event mask contains no legal events.
112	ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory was available.
113	ENOSPC The user limit on the total number of inotify watches was reached or the kernel failed to allocate a needed resource.
114	EACCESS Read access to the given file is not permitted.
115
116	Example, show when C</etc/passwd> gets accessed and/or modified once:
117
118	$inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS \| IN_MODIFY, sub {
119	my $e = shift;
120	print "$e->{w}{name} was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
121	print "$e->{w}{name} was modified\n" if $e->IN_MODIFY;
122	print "$e->{w}{name} is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
123	print "events for $e->{w}{name} have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;
124
125	$e->w->cancel;
126	});
127
128	=cut
129
130	sub watch {
131	my ($self, $name, $mask, $cb) = @_;
132
133	my $wd = inotify_add_watch $self->{fd}, $name, $mask;
134
135	return unless $wd >= 0;
136
137	my $w = $self->{w}{$wd} = bless {
138	inotify => $self,
139	wd => $wd,
140	name => $name,
141	mask => $mask,
142	cb => $cb,
143	}, Linux::Inotify2::Watch;
144
145	Scalar::Util::weaken $w->{inotify};
146
147	$w
148	}
149
150	=item $inotify2->fileno
151
152	Returns the fileno for this notify object. You are responsible for calling
153	the C<poll> method when this fileno becomes ready for reading.
154
155	=cut
156
157	sub fileno {
158	$_[0]{fd}
159	}
160
161	=item $count = $inotify2->poll
162
163	Reads events from the kernel and handles them. If the notify fileno
164	is blocking (the default), then this method waits for at least one
165	event. Otherwise it returns immediately when no pending events could be
166	read.
167
168	Returns the count of events that have been handled.
169
170	=cut
171
172	# TODO: potential race with recently-canceled watchers
173
174	sub poll {
175	my ($self) = @_;
176
177	for (inotify_read $self->{fd}) {
178	$_->{w} = $self->{w}{$_->{wd}}
179	or next; # no such watcher
180	$_->{w}{cb}->(bless $_, Linux::Inotify2::Event);
181	}
182	}
183
184	sub DESTROY {
185	inotify_close $_[0]{fd}
186	}
187
188	=back
189
190	=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Event Class
191
192	Objects of this class are handed as first argument to the watch
193	callback. It has the following members and methods:
194
195	=over 4
196
197	=item $event->w
198
199	=item $event->{w}
200
201	The watcher object for this event.
202
203	=item $event->name
204
205	=item $event->{name}
206
207	The path of the filesystem object, relative to the watch name.
208
209	=item $watch->fullname
210
211	Returns the "full" name of the relevant object, i.e. including the C<name>
212	component of the watcher.
213
214	=item $event->mask
215
216	=item $event->{mask}
217
218	The received event mask. In addition the the events described for
219	C<$inotify->watch>, the following flags (exported by default) can be set:
220
221	IN_ISDIR event occurred against dir
222
223	IN_UNMOUNT Backing fs was unmounted
224	IN_Q_OVERFLOW Event queued overflowed
225	IN_IGNORED File was ignored (no more events will be delivered)
226
227	=item $event->IN_xxx
228
229	Returns a boolean that returns true if the event mask matches the
230	event. All of the C<IN_xxx> constants can be used as methods.
231
232	=item $event->cookie
233
234	=item $event->{cookie}
235
236	The event cookie, can be used to synchronize two related events.
237
238	=back
239
240	=cut
241
242	package Linux::Inotify2::Event;
243
244	sub w { $_[0]{w} }
245	sub name { $_[0]{name} }
246	sub mask { $_[0]{mask} }
247	sub cookie { $_[0]{cookie} }
248
249	sub fullname {
250	length $_[0]{name}
251	? "$_[0]{w}{name}/$_[0]{name}"
252	: $_[0]{w}{name};
253	}
254
255	for my $name (@Linux::Inotify2::constants) {
256	my $mask = &{"Linux::Inotify2::$name"};
257
258	*$name = sub { ($_[0]{mask} & $mask) == $mask };
259	}
260
261	=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Watch Class
262
263	Watch objects are created by calling the C<watch> method of a notifier.
264
265	It has the following members and methods:
266
267	=item $watch->name
268
269	=item $watch->{name}
270
271	The name as specified in the C<watch> call. For the object itself, this is
272	the empty string. For directory watches, this is the name of the entry
273	without leading path elements.
274
275	=item $watch->mask
276
277	=item $watch->{mask}
278
279	The mask as specified in the C<watch> call.
280
281	=item $watch->cb ([new callback])
282
283	=item $watch->{cb}
284
285	The callback as specified in the C<watch> call. Can optionally be changed.
286
287	=item $watch->cancel
288
289	Cancels/removes this watch. Future events, even if already queued queued,
290	will not be handled and resources will be freed.
291
292	=cut
293
294	package Linux::Inotify2::Watch;
295
296	sub name { $_[0]{name} }
297	sub mask { $_[0]{mask} }
298
299	sub cb {
300	$_[0]{cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
301	$_[0]{cb}
302	}
303
304	sub cancel {
305	my ($self) = @_;
306
307	(Linux::Inotify2::inotify_rm_watch $self->{inotify}{fd}, $self->{wd})
308	? 1 : undef
309	}
310
311	=head1 SEE ALSO
312
313	L<Linux::Inotify>.
314
315	=head1 AUTHOR
316
317	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
318	http://home.schmorp.de/
319
320	=cut
321
322	1