cvsroot/Linux-Inotify2/Inotify2.pm

=head1 NAME

Linux::Inotify2 - scalable directory/file change notification

=head1 SYNOPSIS

=head2 Callback interface

 use Linux::Inotify2;

 # create a new object
 my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
    or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!";
 
 # for Event:
 Event->io (fd =>$inotify->fileno, poll => 'r', cb => sub { $inotify->poll });
 # for Glib:
 add_watch Glib::IO $inotify->fileno, in => sub { $inotify->poll };
 # manually:
 1 while $inotify->poll;

 # add watchers
 $inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS, sub {
    my $e = shift;
    my $name = $e->fullname;
    print "$name was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
    print "$name is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
    print "$name is gone\n" if $e->IN_IGNORED;
    print "events for $name have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;
 
    # cancel this watcher: remove no further events
    $e->w->cancel;
 });

=head2 Streaming Interface

 use Linux::Inotify2 ;

 # create a new object
 my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
    or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!" ;

 # create watch
 $inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS)
    or die "watch creation failed" ;

 while () {
   my @events = $inotify->read;
   unless (@events > 0) {
     print "read error: $!";
     last ;
   }
   printf "mask\t%d\n", $_->mask foreach @events ; 
 }

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This module implements an interface to the Linux 2.6.13 and later Inotify
file/directory change notification sytem.

It has a number of advantages over the Linux::Inotify module:

   - it is portable (Linux::Inotify only works on x86)
   - the equivalent of fullname works correctly
   - it is better documented
   - it has callback-style interface, which is better suited for
     integration.

=head2 The Linux::Inotify2 Class

=over 4

=cut

package Linux::Inotify2;

use Carp ();
use Fcntl ();
use Scalar::Util ();

use base 'Exporter';

BEGIN {
   $VERSION = '1.0';

   @constants = qw(
      IN_ACCESS IN_MODIFY IN_ATTRIB IN_CLOSE_WRITE
      IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE IN_OPEN IN_MOVED_FROM IN_MOVED_TO
      IN_CREATE IN_DELETE IN_DELETE_SELF IN_MOVE_SELF
      IN_ALL_EVENTS
      IN_UNMOUNT IN_Q_OVERFLOW IN_IGNORED
      IN_CLOSE IN_MOVE
      IN_ISDIR IN_ONESHOT
   );

   @EXPORT = @constants;

   require XSLoader;
   XSLoader::load Linux::Inotify2, $VERSION;
}

=item my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2

Create a new notify object and return it. A notify object is kind of a
container that stores watches on filesystem names and is responsible for
handling event data.

On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The followign errors
are documented:

 ENFILE   The system limit on the total number of file descriptors has been reached.
 EMFILE   The user limit on the total number of inotify instances has been reached.
 ENOMEM   Insufficient kernel memory is available.

Example:

   my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
      or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!";

=cut

sub new {
   my ($class) = @_;

   my $fd = inotify_init;

   return unless $fd >= 0;

   bless { fd => $fd }, $class
}

=item $watch = $inotify->watch ($name, $mask[, $cb])

Add a new watcher to the given notifier. The watcher will create events
on the pathname C<$name> as given in C<$mask>, which can be any of the
following constants (all exported by default) ORed together.

"file" refers to any filesystem object in the watch'ed object (always a
directory), that is files, directories, symlinks, device nodes etc., while
"object" refers to the object the watch has been set on itself:

 IN_ACCESS            object was accessed
 IN_MODIFY            object was modified
 IN_ATTRIB            object metadata changed
 IN_CLOSE_WRITE       writable fd to file / to object was closed
 IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE     readonly fd to file / to object closed
 IN_OPEN              object was opened
 IN_MOVED_FROM        file was moved from this object (directory)
 IN_MOVED_TO          file was moved to this object (directory)
 IN_CREATE            file was created in this object (directory)
 IN_DELETE            file was deleted from this object (directory)
 IN_DELETE_SELF       object itself was deleted
 IN_MOVE_SELF         object itself was moved
 IN_ALL_EVENTS        all of the above events

 IN_ONESHOT           only send event once

 IN_CLOSE             same as IN_CLOSE_WRITE | IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE
 IN_MOVE              same as IN_MOVED_FROM | IN_MOVED_TO

C<$cb> is a perl code reference that, if given, is called for each
event. It receives a C<Linux::Inotify2::Event> object.

The returned C<$watch> object is of class C<Linux::Inotify2::Watch>.

On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The
following errors are documented:

 EBADF    The given file descriptor is not valid.
 EINVAL   The given event mask contains no legal events.
 ENOMEM   Insufficient kernel memory was available.
 ENOSPC   The user limit on the total number of inotify watches was reached or the kernel failed to allocate a needed resource.
 EACCESS  Read access to the given file is not permitted.

Example, show when C</etc/passwd> gets accessed and/or modified once:

   $inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS | IN_MODIFY, sub {
      my $e = shift;
      print "$e->{w}{name} was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
      print "$e->{w}{name} was modified\n" if $e->IN_MODIFY;
      print "$e->{w}{name} is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
      print "events for $e->{w}{name} have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;

      $e->w->cancel;
   });

=cut

sub watch {
   my ($self, $name, $mask, $cb) = @_;

   my $wd = inotify_add_watch $self->{fd}, $name, $mask;

   return unless $wd >= 0;
   
   my $w = $self->{w}{$wd} = bless {
      inotify => $self,
      wd      => $wd,
      name    => $name,
      mask    => $mask,
      cb      => $cb,
   }, Linux::Inotify2::Watch;

   Scalar::Util::weaken $w->{inotify};

   $w
}

=item $inotify->fileno

Returns the fileno for this notify object. You are responsible for calling
the C<poll> method when this fileno becomes ready for reading.

=cut

sub fileno {
   $_[0]{fd}
}

=item $inotify->blocking ($blocking)

Clears ($blocking true) or sets ($blocking false) the C<O_NONBLOCK> flag on the file descriptor.

=cut

sub blocking {
   my ($self, $blocking) = @_;

   inotify_blocking $self->{fd}, $blocking;
}

=item $count = $inotify->poll

Reads events from the kernel and handles them. If the notify fileno is
blocking (the default), then this method waits for at least one event
(and thus returns true unless an error occurs). Otherwise it returns
immediately when no pending events could be read.

Returns the count of events that have been handled.

=cut

sub poll {
   scalar &read
}

=item $count = $inotify->read

Reads events from the kernel. Blocks in blocking mode (default) until any
event arrives. Returns list of C<Linux::Inotify2::Event> objects or empty
list if none (non-blocking mode) or error occured ($! should be checked).

=cut

sub read {
   my ($self) = @_;

   my @ev = inotify_read $self->{fd};
   my @res;

   for (@ev) {
      my $w = $_->{w} = $self->{w}{$_->{wd}}
         or next; # no such watcher

      exists $self->{ignore}{$_->{wd}}
         and next; # watcher has been canceled

      push @res, $_;

      $w->{cb}->(bless $_, Linux::Inotify2::Event) if $w->{cb};
      $w->cancel if $_->{mask} & (IN_IGNORED | IN_UNMOUNT | IN_ONESHOT);

   }

   delete $self->{ignore};

   @res
}

sub DESTROY {
   inotify_close $_[0]{fd}
}

=back

=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Event Class

Objects of this class are handed as first argument to the watch
callback. It has the following members and methods:

=over 4

=item $event->w

=item $event->{w}

The watcher object for this event.

=item $event->name

=item $event->{name}

The path of the filesystem object, relative to the watch name.

=item $watch->fullname

Returns the "full" name of the relevant object, i.e. including the C<name>
member of the watcher (if the the watch is on a directory and a dir entry
is affected), or simply the C<name> member itself when the object is the
watch object itself.

=item $event->mask

=item $event->{mask}

The received event mask. In addition the the events described for
C<$inotify->watch>, the following flags (exported by default) can be set:

 IN_ISDIR             event object is a directory
 IN_Q_OVERFLOW        event queue overflowed

 # when any of the following flags are set,
 # then watchers for this event are automatically canceled
 IN_UNMOUNT           filesystem for watch'ed object was unmounted
 IN_IGNORED           file was ignored/is gone (no more events are delivered)
 IN_ONESHOT           only one event was generated

=item $event->IN_xxx

Returns a boolean that returns true if the event mask matches the
event. All of the C<IN_xxx> constants can be used as methods.

=item $event->cookie

=item $event->{cookie}

The event cookie to "synchronize two events". Normally zero, this value is
set when two events relating to the same file are generated. As far as I
know, this only happens for C<IN_MOVED_FROM> and C<IN_MOVED_TO> events, to
identify the old and new name of a file.

=back

=cut

package Linux::Inotify2::Event;

sub w       { $_[0]{w}      }
sub name    { $_[0]{name}   }
sub mask    { $_[0]{mask}   }
sub cookie  { $_[0]{cookie} }

sub fullname {
   length $_[0]{name}
      ? "$_[0]{w}{name}/$_[0]{name}"
      : $_[0]{w}{name};
}

for my $name (@Linux::Inotify2::constants) {
   my $mask = &{"Linux::Inotify2::$name"};

   *$name = sub { ($_[0]{mask} & $mask) == $mask };
}

=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Watch Class

Watch objects are created by calling the C<watch> method of a notifier.

It has the following members and methods:

=item $watch->name

=item $watch->{name}

The name as specified in the C<watch> call. For the object itself, this is
the empty string.  For directory watches, this is the name of the entry
without leading path elements.

=item $watch->mask

=item $watch->{mask}

The mask as specified in the C<watch> call.

=item $watch->cb ([new callback])

=item $watch->{cb}

The callback as specified in the C<watch> call. Can optionally be changed.

=item $watch->cancel

Cancels/removes this watch. Future events, even if already queued queued,
will not be handled and resources will be freed.

=cut

package Linux::Inotify2::Watch;

sub name    { $_[0]{name} }
sub mask    { $_[0]{mask} }

sub cb {
   $_[0]{cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
   $_[0]{cb}
}

sub cancel {
   my ($self) = @_;

   my $inotify = delete $self->{inotify}
      or return 1; # already canceled

   delete $inotify->{w}{$self->{wd}}; # we are no longer there
   $inotify->{ignore}{$self->{wd}} = 1; # ignore further events for one poll

   (Linux::Inotify2::inotify_rm_watch $inotify->{fd}, $self->{wd})
      ? 1 : undef
}

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<Linux::Inotify>.

=head1 AUTHOR

 Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
 http://home.schmorp.de/

=cut

1
Revision:	1.11
Committed:	Mon Dec 19 16:50:27 2005 UTC (18 years, 6 months ago) by root
Branch:	MAIN
CVS Tags:	rel-1_0
Changes since 1.10:	+59 -7 lines
Log Message:	* empty log message *
#	Content
1	=head1 NAME
2
3	Linux::Inotify2 - scalable directory/file change notification
4
5	=head1 SYNOPSIS
6
7	=head2 Callback interface
8
9	use Linux::Inotify2;
10
11	# create a new object
12	my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
13	or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!";
14
15	# for Event:
16	Event->io (fd =>$inotify->fileno, poll => 'r', cb => sub { $inotify->poll });
17	# for Glib:
18	add_watch Glib::IO $inotify->fileno, in => sub { $inotify->poll };
19	# manually:
20	1 while $inotify->poll;
21
22	# add watchers
23	$inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS, sub {
24	my $e = shift;
25	my $name = $e->fullname;
26	print "$name was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
27	print "$name is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
28	print "$name is gone\n" if $e->IN_IGNORED;
29	print "events for $name have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;
30
31	# cancel this watcher: remove no further events
32	$e->w->cancel;
33	});
34
35	=head2 Streaming Interface
36
37	use Linux::Inotify2 ;
38
39	# create a new object
40	my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
41	or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!" ;
42
43	# create watch
44	$inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS)
45	or die "watch creation failed" ;
46
47	while () {
48	my @events = $inotify->read;
49	unless (@events > 0) {
50	print "read error: $!";
51	last ;
52	}
53	printf "mask\t%d\n", $_->mask foreach @events ;
54	}
55
56	=head1 DESCRIPTION
57
58	This module implements an interface to the Linux 2.6.13 and later Inotify
59	file/directory change notification sytem.
60
61	It has a number of advantages over the Linux::Inotify module:
62
63	- it is portable (Linux::Inotify only works on x86)
64	- the equivalent of fullname works correctly
65	- it is better documented
66	- it has callback-style interface, which is better suited for
67	integration.
68
69	=head2 The Linux::Inotify2 Class
70
71	=over 4
72
73	=cut
74
75	package Linux::Inotify2;
76
77	use Carp ();
78	use Fcntl ();
79	use Scalar::Util ();
80
81	use base 'Exporter';
82
83	BEGIN {
84	$VERSION = '1.0';
85
86	@constants = qw(
87	IN_ACCESS IN_MODIFY IN_ATTRIB IN_CLOSE_WRITE
88	IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE IN_OPEN IN_MOVED_FROM IN_MOVED_TO
89	IN_CREATE IN_DELETE IN_DELETE_SELF IN_MOVE_SELF
90	IN_ALL_EVENTS
91	IN_UNMOUNT IN_Q_OVERFLOW IN_IGNORED
92	IN_CLOSE IN_MOVE
93	IN_ISDIR IN_ONESHOT
94	);
95
96	@EXPORT = @constants;
97
98	require XSLoader;
99	XSLoader::load Linux::Inotify2, $VERSION;
100	}
101
102	=item my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
103
104	Create a new notify object and return it. A notify object is kind of a
105	container that stores watches on filesystem names and is responsible for
106	handling event data.
107
108	On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The followign errors
109	are documented:
110
111	ENFILE The system limit on the total number of file descriptors has been reached.
112	EMFILE The user limit on the total number of inotify instances has been reached.
113	ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory is available.
114
115	Example:
116
117	my $inotify = new Linux::Inotify2
118	or die "Unable to create new inotify object: $!";
119
120	=cut
121
122	sub new {
123	my ($class) = @_;
124
125	my $fd = inotify_init;
126
127	return unless $fd >= 0;
128
129	bless { fd => $fd }, $class
130	}
131
132	=item $watch = $inotify->watch ($name, $mask[, $cb])
133
134	Add a new watcher to the given notifier. The watcher will create events
135	on the pathname C<$name> as given in C<$mask>, which can be any of the
136	following constants (all exported by default) ORed together.
137
138	"file" refers to any filesystem object in the watch'ed object (always a
139	directory), that is files, directories, symlinks, device nodes etc., while
140	"object" refers to the object the watch has been set on itself:
141
142	IN_ACCESS object was accessed
143	IN_MODIFY object was modified
144	IN_ATTRIB object metadata changed
145	IN_CLOSE_WRITE writable fd to file / to object was closed
146	IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE readonly fd to file / to object closed
147	IN_OPEN object was opened
148	IN_MOVED_FROM file was moved from this object (directory)
149	IN_MOVED_TO file was moved to this object (directory)
150	IN_CREATE file was created in this object (directory)
151	IN_DELETE file was deleted from this object (directory)
152	IN_DELETE_SELF object itself was deleted
153	IN_MOVE_SELF object itself was moved
154	IN_ALL_EVENTS all of the above events
155
156	IN_ONESHOT only send event once
157
158	IN_CLOSE same as IN_CLOSE_WRITE \| IN_CLOSE_NOWRITE
159	IN_MOVE same as IN_MOVED_FROM \| IN_MOVED_TO
160
161	C<$cb> is a perl code reference that, if given, is called for each
162	event. It receives a C<Linux::Inotify2::Event> object.
163
164	The returned C<$watch> object is of class C<Linux::Inotify2::Watch>.
165
166	On error, C<undef> is returned and C<$!> will be set accordingly. The
167	following errors are documented:
168
169	EBADF The given file descriptor is not valid.
170	EINVAL The given event mask contains no legal events.
171	ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory was available.
172	ENOSPC The user limit on the total number of inotify watches was reached or the kernel failed to allocate a needed resource.
173	EACCESS Read access to the given file is not permitted.
174
175	Example, show when C</etc/passwd> gets accessed and/or modified once:
176
177	$inotify->watch ("/etc/passwd", IN_ACCESS \| IN_MODIFY, sub {
178	my $e = shift;
179	print "$e->{w}{name} was accessed\n" if $e->IN_ACCESS;
180	print "$e->{w}{name} was modified\n" if $e->IN_MODIFY;
181	print "$e->{w}{name} is no longer mounted\n" if $e->IN_UNMOUNT;
182	print "events for $e->{w}{name} have been lost\n" if $e->IN_Q_OVERFLOW;
183
184	$e->w->cancel;
185	});
186
187	=cut
188
189	sub watch {
190	my ($self, $name, $mask, $cb) = @_;
191
192	my $wd = inotify_add_watch $self->{fd}, $name, $mask;
193
194	return unless $wd >= 0;
195
196	my $w = $self->{w}{$wd} = bless {
197	inotify => $self,
198	wd => $wd,
199	name => $name,
200	mask => $mask,
201	cb => $cb,
202	}, Linux::Inotify2::Watch;
203
204	Scalar::Util::weaken $w->{inotify};
205
206	$w
207	}
208
209	=item $inotify->fileno
210
211	Returns the fileno for this notify object. You are responsible for calling
212	the C<poll> method when this fileno becomes ready for reading.
213
214	=cut
215
216	sub fileno {
217	$_[0]{fd}
218	}
219
220	=item $inotify->blocking ($blocking)
221
222	Clears ($blocking true) or sets ($blocking false) the C<O_NONBLOCK> flag on the file descriptor.
223
224	=cut
225
226	sub blocking {
227	my ($self, $blocking) = @_;
228
229	inotify_blocking $self->{fd}, $blocking;
230	}
231
232	=item $count = $inotify->poll
233
234	Reads events from the kernel and handles them. If the notify fileno is
235	blocking (the default), then this method waits for at least one event
236	(and thus returns true unless an error occurs). Otherwise it returns
237	immediately when no pending events could be read.
238
239	Returns the count of events that have been handled.
240
241	=cut
242
243	sub poll {
244	scalar &read
245	}
246
247	=item $count = $inotify->read
248
249	Reads events from the kernel. Blocks in blocking mode (default) until any
250	event arrives. Returns list of C<Linux::Inotify2::Event> objects or empty
251	list if none (non-blocking mode) or error occured ($! should be checked).
252
253	=cut
254
255	sub read {
256	my ($self) = @_;
257
258	my @ev = inotify_read $self->{fd};
259	my @res;
260
261	for (@ev) {
262	my $w = $_->{w} = $self->{w}{$_->{wd}}
263	or next; # no such watcher
264
265	exists $self->{ignore}{$_->{wd}}
266	and next; # watcher has been canceled
267
268	push @res, $_;
269
270	$w->{cb}->(bless $_, Linux::Inotify2::Event) if $w->{cb};
271	$w->cancel if $_->{mask} & (IN_IGNORED \| IN_UNMOUNT \| IN_ONESHOT);
272
273	}
274
275	delete $self->{ignore};
276
277	@res
278	}
279
280	sub DESTROY {
281	inotify_close $_[0]{fd}
282	}
283
284	=back
285
286	=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Event Class
287
288	Objects of this class are handed as first argument to the watch
289	callback. It has the following members and methods:
290
291	=over 4
292
293	=item $event->w
294
295	=item $event->{w}
296
297	The watcher object for this event.
298
299	=item $event->name
300
301	=item $event->{name}
302
303	The path of the filesystem object, relative to the watch name.
304
305	=item $watch->fullname
306
307	Returns the "full" name of the relevant object, i.e. including the C<name>
308	member of the watcher (if the the watch is on a directory and a dir entry
309	is affected), or simply the C<name> member itself when the object is the
310	watch object itself.
311
312	=item $event->mask
313
314	=item $event->{mask}
315
316	The received event mask. In addition the the events described for
317	C<$inotify->watch>, the following flags (exported by default) can be set:
318
319	IN_ISDIR event object is a directory
320	IN_Q_OVERFLOW event queue overflowed
321
322	# when any of the following flags are set,
323	# then watchers for this event are automatically canceled
324	IN_UNMOUNT filesystem for watch'ed object was unmounted
325	IN_IGNORED file was ignored/is gone (no more events are delivered)
326	IN_ONESHOT only one event was generated
327
328	=item $event->IN_xxx
329
330	Returns a boolean that returns true if the event mask matches the
331	event. All of the C<IN_xxx> constants can be used as methods.
332
333	=item $event->cookie
334
335	=item $event->{cookie}
336
337	The event cookie to "synchronize two events". Normally zero, this value is
338	set when two events relating to the same file are generated. As far as I
339	know, this only happens for C<IN_MOVED_FROM> and C<IN_MOVED_TO> events, to
340	identify the old and new name of a file.
341
342	=back
343
344	=cut
345
346	package Linux::Inotify2::Event;
347
348	sub w { $_[0]{w} }
349	sub name { $_[0]{name} }
350	sub mask { $_[0]{mask} }
351	sub cookie { $_[0]{cookie} }
352
353	sub fullname {
354	length $_[0]{name}
355	? "$_[0]{w}{name}/$_[0]{name}"
356	: $_[0]{w}{name};
357	}
358
359	for my $name (@Linux::Inotify2::constants) {
360	my $mask = &{"Linux::Inotify2::$name"};
361
362	*$name = sub { ($_[0]{mask} & $mask) == $mask };
363	}
364
365	=head2 The Linux::Inotify2::Watch Class
366
367	Watch objects are created by calling the C<watch> method of a notifier.
368
369	It has the following members and methods:
370
371	=item $watch->name
372
373	=item $watch->{name}
374
375	The name as specified in the C<watch> call. For the object itself, this is
376	the empty string. For directory watches, this is the name of the entry
377	without leading path elements.
378
379	=item $watch->mask
380
381	=item $watch->{mask}
382
383	The mask as specified in the C<watch> call.
384
385	=item $watch->cb ([new callback])
386
387	=item $watch->{cb}
388
389	The callback as specified in the C<watch> call. Can optionally be changed.
390
391	=item $watch->cancel
392
393	Cancels/removes this watch. Future events, even if already queued queued,
394	will not be handled and resources will be freed.
395
396	=cut
397
398	package Linux::Inotify2::Watch;
399
400	sub name { $_[0]{name} }
401	sub mask { $_[0]{mask} }
402
403	sub cb {
404	$_[0]{cb} = $_[1] if @_ > 1;
405	$_[0]{cb}
406	}
407
408	sub cancel {
409	my ($self) = @_;
410
411	my $inotify = delete $self->{inotify}
412	or return 1; # already canceled
413
414	delete $inotify->{w}{$self->{wd}}; # we are no longer there
415	$inotify->{ignore}{$self->{wd}} = 1; # ignore further events for one poll
416
417	(Linux::Inotify2::inotify_rm_watch $inotify->{fd}, $self->{wd})
418	? 1 : undef
419	}
420
421	=head1 SEE ALSO
422
423	L<Linux::Inotify>.
424
425	=head1 AUTHOR
426
427	Marc Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
428	http://home.schmorp.de/
429
430	=cut
431
432	1