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Revision 1.41 by root, Mon May 28 08:40:25 2012 UTC vs.
Revision 1.93 by root, Sat Jul 31 14:39:16 2021 UTC

…		…
10		10
11	Its homepage can be found here:	11	Its homepage can be found here:
12		12
13	http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libecb	13	http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libecb
14		14
15	It mainly provides a number of wrappers around GCC built-ins, together	15	It mainly provides a number of wrappers around many compiler built-ins,
16	with replacement functions for other compilers. In addition to this,	16	together with replacement functions for other compilers. In addition
17	it provides a number of other lowlevel C utilities, such as endianness	17	to this, it provides a number of other lowlevel C utilities, such as
18	detection, byte swapping or bit rotations.	18	endianness detection, byte swapping or bit rotations.
19		19
20	Or in other words, things that should be built into any standard C system,	20	Or in other words, things that should be built into any standard C
21	but aren't, implemented as efficient as possible with GCC, and still	21	system, but aren't, implemented as efficient as possible with GCC (clang,
22	correct with other compilers.	22	msvc...), and still correct with other compilers.
23		23
24	More might come.	24	More might come.
25		25
26	=head2 ABOUT THE HEADER	26	=head2 ABOUT THE HEADER
27		27
…		…
58		58
59	=head2 TYPES / TYPE SUPPORT	59	=head2 TYPES / TYPE SUPPORT
60		60
61	ecb.h makes sure that the following types are defined (in the expected way):	61	ecb.h makes sure that the following types are defined (in the expected way):
62		62
63	int8_t uint8_t int16_t uint16_t	63	int8_t uint8_
64	int32_t uint32_t int64_t uint64_t	64	int16_t uint16_t
		65	int32_t uint32_
		66	int64_t uint64_t
		67	int_fast8_t uint_fast8_t
		68	int_fast16_t uint_fast16_t
		69	int_fast32_t uint_fast32_t
		70	int_fast64_t uint_fast64_t
65	intptr_t uintptr_t	71	intptr_t uintptr_t
66		72
67	The macro C<ECB_PTRSIZE> is defined to the size of a pointer on this	73	The macro C<ECB_PTRSIZE> is defined to the size of a pointer on this
68	platform (currently C<4> or C<8>).	74	platform (currently C<4> or C<8>) and can be used in preprocessor
		75	expressions.
69		76
		77	For C<ptrdiff_t> and C<size_t> use C<stddef.h>/C<cstddef>.
		78
		79	=head2 LANGUAGE/ENVIRONMENT/COMPILER VERSIONS
		80
		81	All the following symbols expand to an expression that can be tested in
		82	preprocessor instructions as well as treated as a boolean (use C<!!> to
		83	ensure it's either C<0> or C<1> if you need that).
		84
		85	=over
		86
		87	=item ECB_C
		88
		89	True if the implementation defines the C<__STDC__> macro to a true value,
		90	while not claiming to be C++, i..e C, but not C++.
		91
		92	=item ECB_C99
		93
		94	True if the implementation claims to be compliant to C99 (ISO/IEC
		95	9899:1999) or any later version, while not claiming to be C++.
		96
		97	Note that later versions (ECB_C11) remove core features again (for
		98	example, variable length arrays).
		99
		100	=item ECB_C11, ECB_C17
		101
		102	True if the implementation claims to be compliant to C11/C17 (ISO/IEC
		103	9899:2011, :20187) or any later version, while not claiming to be C++.
		104
		105	=item ECB_CPP
		106
		107	True if the implementation defines the C<__cplusplus__> macro to a true
		108	value, which is typically true for C++ compilers.
		109
		110	=item ECB_CPP11, ECB_CPP14, ECB_CPP17
		111
		112	True if the implementation claims to be compliant to C++11/C++14/C++17
		113	(ISO/IEC 14882:2011, :2014, :2017) or any later version.
		114
		115	Note that many C++20 features will likely have their own feature test
		116	macros (see e.g. L<http://eel.is/c++draft/cpp.predefined#1.8>).
		117
		118	=item ECB_OPTIMIZE_SIZE
		119
		120	Is C<1> when the compiler optimizes for size, C<0> otherwise. This symbol
		121	can also be defined before including F<ecb.h>, in which case it will be
		122	unchanged.
		123
		124	=item ECB_GCC_VERSION (major, minor)
		125
		126	Expands to a true value (suitable for testing by the preprocessor) if the
		127	compiler used is GNU C and the version is the given version, or higher.
		128
		129	This macro tries to return false on compilers that claim to be GCC
		130	compatible but aren't.
		131
		132	=item ECB_EXTERN_C
		133
		134	Expands to C<extern "C"> in C++, and a simple C<extern> in C.
		135
		136	This can be used to declare a single external C function:
		137
		138	ECB_EXTERN_C int printf (const char *format, ...);
		139
		140	=item ECB_EXTERN_C_BEG / ECB_EXTERN_C_END
		141
		142	These two macros can be used to wrap multiple C<extern "C"> definitions -
		143	they expand to nothing in C.
		144
		145	They are most useful in header files:
		146
		147	ECB_EXTERN_C_BEG
		148
		149	int mycfun1 (int x);
		150	int mycfun2 (int x);
		151
		152	ECB_EXTERN_C_END
		153
		154	=item ECB_STDFP
		155
		156	If this evaluates to a true value (suitable for testing by the
		157	preprocessor), then C<float> and C<double> use IEEE 754 single/binary32
		158	and double/binary64 representations internally I<and> the endianness of
		159	both types match the endianness of C<uint32_t> and C<uint64_t>.
		160
		161	This means you can just copy the bits of a C<float> (or C<double>) to an
		162	C<uint32_t> (or C<uint64_t>) and get the raw IEEE 754 bit representation
		163	without having to think about format or endianness.
		164
		165	This is true for basically all modern platforms, although F<ecb.h> might
		166	not be able to deduce this correctly everywhere and might err on the safe
		167	side.
		168
		169	=item ECB_64BIT_NATIVE
		170
		171	Evaluates to a true value (suitable for both preprocessor and C code
		172	testing) if 64 bit integer types on this architecture are evaluated
		173	"natively", that is, with similar speeds as 32 bit integers. While 64 bit
		174	integer support is very common (and in fact required by libecb), 32 bit
		175	cpus have to emulate operations on them, so you might want to avoid them.
		176
		177	=item ECB_AMD64, ECB_AMD64_X32
		178
		179	These two macros are defined to C<1> on the x86_64/amd64 ABI and the X32
		180	ABI, respectively, and undefined elsewhere.
		181
		182	The designers of the new X32 ABI for some inexplicable reason decided to
		183	make it look exactly like amd64, even though it's completely incompatible
		184	to that ABI, breaking about every piece of software that assumed that
		185	C<__x86_64> stands for, well, the x86-64 ABI, making these macros
		186	necessary.
		187
		188	=back
		189
		190	=head2 MACRO TRICKERY
		191
		192	=over
		193
		194	=item ECB_CONCAT (a, b)
		195
		196	Expands any macros in C<a> and C<b>, then concatenates the result to form
		197	a single token. This is mainly useful to form identifiers from components,
		198	e.g.:
		199
		200	#define S1 str
		201	#define S2 cpy
		202
		203	ECB_CONCAT (S1, S2)(dst, src); // == strcpy (dst, src);
		204
		205	=item ECB_STRINGIFY (arg)
		206
		207	Expands any macros in C<arg> and returns the stringified version of
		208	it. This is mainly useful to get the contents of a macro in string form,
		209	e.g.:
		210
		211	#define SQL_LIMIT 100
		212	sql_exec ("select * from table limit " ECB_STRINGIFY (SQL_LIMIT));
		213
		214	=item ECB_STRINGIFY_EXPR (expr)
		215
		216	Like C<ECB_STRINGIFY>, but additionally evaluates C<expr> to make sure it
		217	is a valid expression. This is useful to catch typos or cases where the
		218	macro isn't available:
		219
		220	#include <errno.h>
		221
		222	ECB_STRINGIFY (EDOM); // "33" (on my system at least)
		223	ECB_STRINGIFY_EXPR (EDOM); // "33"
		224
		225	// now imagine we had a typo:
		226
		227	ECB_STRINGIFY (EDAM); // "EDAM"
		228	ECB_STRINGIFY_EXPR (EDAM); // error: EDAM undefined
		229
		230	=back
		231
70	=head2 GCC ATTRIBUTES	232	=head2 ATTRIBUTES
71		233
72	A major part of libecb deals with GCC attributes. These are additional	234	A major part of libecb deals with additional attributes that can be
73	attributes that you can assign to functions, variables and sometimes even	235	assigned to functions, variables and sometimes even types - much like
74	types - much like C<const> or C<volatile> in C.	236	C<const> or C<volatile> in C. They are implemented using either GCC
75		237	attributes or other compiler/language specific features. Attributes
76	While GCC allows declarations to show up in many surprising places,
77	but not in many expected places, the safest way is to put attribute
78	declarations before the whole declaration:	238	declarations must be put before the whole declaration:
79		239
80	ecb_const int mysqrt (int a);	240	ecb_const int mysqrt (int a);
81	ecb_unused int i;	241	ecb_unused int i;
82		242
83	For variables, it is often nicer to put the attribute after the name, and
84	avoid multiple declarations using commas:
85
86	int i ecb_unused;
87
88	=over 4	243	=over
89
90	=item ecb_attribute ((attrs...))
91
92	A simple wrapper that expands to C<__attribute__((attrs))> on GCC, and to
93	nothing on other compilers, so the effect is that only GCC sees these.
94
95	Example: use the C<deprecated> attribute on a function.
96
97	ecb_attribute((__deprecated__)) void
98	do_not_use_me_anymore (void);
99		244
100	=item ecb_unused	245	=item ecb_unused
101		246
102	Marks a function or a variable as "unused", which simply suppresses a	247	Marks a function or a variable as "unused", which simply suppresses a
103	warning by GCC when it detects it as unused. This is useful when you e.g.	248	warning by the compiler when it detects it as unused. This is useful when
104	declare a variable but do not always use it:	249	you e.g. declare a variable but do not always use it:
105		250
106	{	251	{
107	int var ecb_unused;	252	ecb_unused int var;
108		253
109	#ifdef SOMECONDITION	254	#ifdef SOMECONDITION
110	var = ...;	255	var = ...;
111	return var;	256	return var;
112	#else	257	#else
113	return 0;	258	return 0;
114	#endif	259	#endif
115	}	260	}
116		261
		262	=item ecb_deprecated
		263
		264	Similar to C<ecb_unused>, but marks a function, variable or type as
		265	deprecated. This makes some compilers warn when the type is used.
		266
		267	=item ecb_deprecated_message (message)
		268
		269	Same as C<ecb_deprecated>, but if possible, the specified diagnostic is
		270	used instead of a generic depreciation message when the object is being
		271	used.
		272
117	=item ecb_inline	273	=item ecb_inline
118		274
119	This is not actually an attribute, but you use it like one. It expands	275	Expands either to (a compiler-specific equivalent of) C<static inline> or
120	either to C<static inline> or to just C<static>, if inline isn't	276	to just C<static>, if inline isn't supported. It should be used to declare
121	supported. It should be used to declare functions that should be inlined,	277	functions that should be inlined, for code size or speed reasons.
122	for code size or speed reasons.
123		278
124	Example: inline this function, it surely will reduce codesize.	279	Example: inline this function, it surely will reduce codesize.
125		280
126	ecb_inline int	281	ecb_inline int
127	negmul (int a, int b)	282	negmul (int a, int b)
…		…
129	return - (a * b);	284	return - (a * b);
130	}	285	}
131		286
132	=item ecb_noinline	287	=item ecb_noinline
133		288
134	Prevent a function from being inlined - it might be optimised away, but	289	Prevents a function from being inlined - it might be optimised away, but
135	not inlined into other functions. This is useful if you know your function	290	not inlined into other functions. This is useful if you know your function
136	is rarely called and large enough for inlining not to be helpful.	291	is rarely called and large enough for inlining not to be helpful.
137		292
138	=item ecb_noreturn	293	=item ecb_noreturn
139		294
…		…
149	}	304	}
150		305
151	In this case, the compiler would probably be smart enough to deduce it on	306	In this case, the compiler would probably be smart enough to deduce it on
152	its own, so this is mainly useful for declarations.	307	its own, so this is mainly useful for declarations.
153		308
		309	=item ecb_restrict
		310
		311	Expands to the C<restrict> keyword or equivalent on compilers that support
		312	them, and to nothing on others. Must be specified on a pointer type or
		313	an array index to indicate that the memory doesn't alias with any other
		314	restricted pointer in the same scope.
		315
		316	Example: multiply a vector, and allow the compiler to parallelise the
		317	loop, because it knows it doesn't overwrite input values.
		318
		319	void
		320	multiply (ecb_restrict float *src,
		321	ecb_restrict float *dst,
		322	int len, float factor)
		323	{
		324	int i;
		325
		326	for (i = 0; i < len; ++i)
		327	dst [i] = src [i] * factor;
		328	}
		329
154	=item ecb_const	330	=item ecb_const
155		331
156	Declares that the function only depends on the values of its arguments,	332	Declares that the function only depends on the values of its arguments,
157	much like a mathematical function. It specifically does not read or write	333	much like a mathematical function. It specifically does not read or write
158	any memory any arguments might point to, global variables, or call any	334	any memory any arguments might point to, global variables, or call any
…		…
218	functions only called in exceptional or rare cases.	394	functions only called in exceptional or rare cases.
219		395
220	=item ecb_artificial	396	=item ecb_artificial
221		397
222	Declares the function as "artificial", in this case meaning that this	398	Declares the function as "artificial", in this case meaning that this
223	function is not really mean to be a function, but more like an accessor	399	function is not really meant to be a function, but more like an accessor
224	- many methods in C++ classes are mere accessor functions, and having a	400	- many methods in C++ classes are mere accessor functions, and having a
225	crash reported in such a method, or single-stepping through them, is not	401	crash reported in such a method, or single-stepping through them, is not
226	usually so helpful, especially when it's inlined to just a few instructions.	402	usually so helpful, especially when it's inlined to just a few instructions.
227		403
228	Marking them as artificial will instruct the debugger about just this,	404	Marking them as artificial will instruct the debugger about just this,
…		…
246		422
247	=back	423	=back
248		424
249	=head2 OPTIMISATION HINTS	425	=head2 OPTIMISATION HINTS
250		426
251	=over 4	427	=over
252		428
253	=item bool ecb_is_constant(expr)	429	=item bool ecb_is_constant (expr)
254		430
255	Returns true iff the expression can be deduced to be a compile-time	431	Returns true iff the expression can be deduced to be a compile-time
256	constant, and false otherwise.	432	constant, and false otherwise.
257		433
258	For example, when you have a C<rndm16> function that returns a 16 bit	434	For example, when you have a C<rndm16> function that returns a 16 bit
…		…
276	return is_constant (n) && !(n & (n - 1))	452	return is_constant (n) && !(n & (n - 1))
277	? rndm16 () & (num - 1)	453	? rndm16 () & (num - 1)
278	: (n * (uint32_t)rndm16 ()) >> 16;	454	: (n * (uint32_t)rndm16 ()) >> 16;
279	}	455	}
280		456
281	=item bool ecb_expect (expr, value)	457	=item ecb_expect (expr, value)
282		458
283	Evaluates C<expr> and returns it. In addition, it tells the compiler that	459	Evaluates C<expr> and returns it. In addition, it tells the compiler that
284	the C<expr> evaluates to C<value> a lot, which can be used for static	460	the C<expr> evaluates to C<value> a lot, which can be used for static
285	branch optimisations.	461	branch optimisations.
286		462
…		…
333	{	509	{
334	if (ecb_expect_false (current + size > end))	510	if (ecb_expect_false (current + size > end))
335	real_reserve_method (size); /* presumably noinline */	511	real_reserve_method (size); /* presumably noinline */
336	}	512	}
337		513
338	=item bool ecb_assume (cond)	514	=item ecb_assume (cond)
339		515
340	Try to tell the compiler that some condition is true, even if it's not	516	Tries to tell the compiler that some condition is true, even if it's not
341	obvious.	517	obvious. This is not a function, but a statement: it cannot be used in
		518	another expression.
342		519
343	This can be used to teach the compiler about invariants or other	520	This can be used to teach the compiler about invariants or other
344	conditions that might improve code generation, but which are impossible to	521	conditions that might improve code generation, but which are impossible to
345	deduce form the code itself.	522	deduce form the code itself.
346		523
…		…
363		540
364	Then the compiler I<might> be able to optimise out the second call	541	Then the compiler I<might> be able to optimise out the second call
365	completely, as it knows that C<< current + 1 > end >> is false and the	542	completely, as it knows that C<< current + 1 > end >> is false and the
366	call will never be executed.	543	call will never be executed.
367		544
368	=item bool ecb_unreachable ()	545	=item ecb_unreachable ()
369		546
370	This function does nothing itself, except tell the compiler that it will	547	This function does nothing itself, except tell the compiler that it will
371	never be executed. Apart from suppressing a warning in some cases, this	548	never be executed. Apart from suppressing a warning in some cases, this
372	function can be used to implement C<ecb_assume> or similar functions.	549	function can be used to implement C<ecb_assume> or similar functionality.
373		550
374	=item bool ecb_prefetch (addr, rw, locality)	551	=item ecb_prefetch (addr, rw, locality)
375		552
376	Tells the compiler to try to prefetch memory at the given C<addr>ess	553	Tells the compiler to try to prefetch memory at the given C<addr>ess
377	for either reading (C<rw> = 0) or writing (C<rw> = 1). A C<locality> of	554	for either reading (C<rw> = 0) or writing (C<rw> = 1). A C<locality> of
378	C<0> means that there will only be one access later, C<3> means that	555	C<0> means that there will only be one access later, C<3> means that
379	the data will likely be accessed very often, and values in between mean	556	the data will likely be accessed very often, and values in between mean
380	something... in between. The memory pointed to by the address does not	557	something... in between. The memory pointed to by the address does not
381	need to be accessible (it could be a null pointer for example), but C<rw>	558	need to be accessible (it could be a null pointer for example), but C<rw>
382	and C<locality> must be compile-time constants.	559	and C<locality> must be compile-time constants.
383		560
		561	This is a statement, not a function: you cannot use it as part of an
		562	expression.
		563
384	An obvious way to use this is to prefetch some data far away, in a big	564	An obvious way to use this is to prefetch some data far away, in a big
385	array you loop over. This prefetches memory some 128 array elements later,	565	array you loop over. This prefetches memory some 128 array elements later,
386	in the hope that it will be ready when the CPU arrives at that location.	566	in the hope that it will be ready when the CPU arrives at that location.
387		567
388	int sum = 0;	568	int sum = 0;
…		…
409		589
410	=back	590	=back
411		591
412	=head2 BIT FIDDLING / BIT WIZARDRY	592	=head2 BIT FIDDLING / BIT WIZARDRY
413		593
414	=over 4	594	=over
415		595
416	=item bool ecb_big_endian ()	596	=item bool ecb_big_endian ()
417		597
418	=item bool ecb_little_endian ()	598	=item bool ecb_little_endian ()
419		599
…		…
425		605
426	=item int ecb_ctz32 (uint32_t x)	606	=item int ecb_ctz32 (uint32_t x)
427		607
428	=item int ecb_ctz64 (uint64_t x)	608	=item int ecb_ctz64 (uint64_t x)
429		609
		610	=item int ecb_ctz (T x) [C++]
		611
430	Returns the index of the least significant bit set in C<x> (or	612	Returns the index of the least significant bit set in C<x> (or
431	equivalently the number of bits set to 0 before the least significant bit	613	equivalently the number of bits set to 0 before the least significant bit
432	set), starting from 0. If C<x> is 0 the result is undefined.	614	set), starting from 0. If C<x> is 0 the result is undefined.
433		615
434	For smaller types than C<uint32_t> you can safely use C<ecb_ctz32>.	616	For smaller types than C<uint32_t> you can safely use C<ecb_ctz32>.
435		617
		618	The overloaded C++ C<ecb_ctz> function supports C<uint8_t>, C<uint16_t>,
		619	C<uint32_t> and C<uint64_t> types.
		620
436	For example:	621	For example:
437		622
438	ecb_ctz32 (3) = 0	623	ecb_ctz32 (3) = 0
439	ecb_ctz32 (6) = 1	624	ecb_ctz32 (6) = 1
440		625
441	=item bool ecb_is_pot32 (uint32_t x)	626	=item bool ecb_is_pot32 (uint32_t x)
442		627
443	=item bool ecb_is_pot64 (uint32_t x)	628	=item bool ecb_is_pot64 (uint32_t x)
444		629
		630	=item bool ecb_is_pot (T x) [C++]
		631
445	Return true iff C<x> is a power of two or C<x == 0>.	632	Returns true iff C<x> is a power of two or C<x == 0>.
446		633
447	For smaller types then C<uint32_t> you can safely use C<ecb_is_pot32>.	634	For smaller types than C<uint32_t> you can safely use C<ecb_is_pot32>.
		635
		636	The overloaded C++ C<ecb_is_pot> function supports C<uint8_t>, C<uint16_t>,
		637	C<uint32_t> and C<uint64_t> types.
448		638
449	=item int ecb_ld32 (uint32_t x)	639	=item int ecb_ld32 (uint32_t x)
450		640
451	=item int ecb_ld64 (uint64_t x)	641	=item int ecb_ld64 (uint64_t x)
		642
		643	=item int ecb_ld64 (T x) [C++]
452		644
453	Returns the index of the most significant bit set in C<x>, or the number	645	Returns the index of the most significant bit set in C<x>, or the number
454	of digits the number requires in binary (so that C<< 2**ld <= x <	646	of digits the number requires in binary (so that C<< 2**ld <= x <
455	2**(ld+1) >>). If C<x> is 0 the result is undefined. A common use case is	647	2**(ld+1) >>). If C<x> is 0 the result is undefined. A common use case is
456	to compute the integer binary logarithm, i.e. C<floor (log2 (n))>, for	648	to compute the integer binary logarithm, i.e. C<floor (log2 (n))>, for
…		…
461	the given data type), while C<ecb_ld> returns how many bits the number	653	the given data type), while C<ecb_ld> returns how many bits the number
462	itself requires.	654	itself requires.
463		655
464	For smaller types than C<uint32_t> you can safely use C<ecb_ld32>.	656	For smaller types than C<uint32_t> you can safely use C<ecb_ld32>.
465		657
		658	The overloaded C++ C<ecb_ld> function supports C<uint8_t>, C<uint16_t>,
		659	C<uint32_t> and C<uint64_t> types.
		660
466	=item int ecb_popcount32 (uint32_t x)	661	=item int ecb_popcount32 (uint32_t x)
467		662
468	=item int ecb_popcount64 (uint64_t x)	663	=item int ecb_popcount64 (uint64_t x)
469		664
		665	=item int ecb_popcount (T x) [C++]
		666
470	Returns the number of bits set to 1 in C<x>.	667	Returns the number of bits set to 1 in C<x>.
471		668
472	For smaller types than C<uint32_t> you can safely use C<ecb_popcount32>.	669	For smaller types than C<uint32_t> you can safely use C<ecb_popcount32>.
		670
		671	The overloaded C++ C<ecb_popcount> function supports C<uint8_t>, C<uint16_t>,
		672	C<uint32_t> and C<uint64_t> types.
473		673
474	For example:	674	For example:
475		675
476	ecb_popcount32 (7) = 3	676	ecb_popcount32 (7) = 3
477	ecb_popcount32 (255) = 8	677	ecb_popcount32 (255) = 8
…		…
480		680
481	=item uint16_t ecb_bitrev16 (uint16_t x)	681	=item uint16_t ecb_bitrev16 (uint16_t x)
482		682
483	=item uint32_t ecb_bitrev32 (uint32_t x)	683	=item uint32_t ecb_bitrev32 (uint32_t x)
484		684
		685	=item T ecb_bitrev (T x) [C++]
		686
485	Reverses the bits in x, i.e. the MSB becomes the LSB, MSB-1 becomes LSB+1	687	Reverses the bits in x, i.e. the MSB becomes the LSB, MSB-1 becomes LSB+1
486	and so on.	688	and so on.
487		689
		690	The overloaded C++ C<ecb_bitrev> function supports C<uint8_t>, C<uint16_t> and C<uint32_t> types.
		691
488	Example:	692	Example:
489		693
490	ecb_bitrev8 (0xa7) = 0xea	694	ecb_bitrev8 (0xa7) = 0xea
491	ecb_bitrev32 (0xffcc4411) = 0x882233ff	695	ecb_bitrev32 (0xffcc4411) = 0x882233ff
492		696
		697	=item T ecb_bitrev (T x) [C++]
		698
		699	Overloaded C++ bitrev function.
		700
		701	C<T> must be one of C<uint8_t>, C<uint16_t> or C<uint32_t>.
		702
493	=item uint32_t ecb_bswap16 (uint32_t x)	703	=item uint32_t ecb_bswap16 (uint32_t x)
494		704
495	=item uint32_t ecb_bswap32 (uint32_t x)	705	=item uint32_t ecb_bswap32 (uint32_t x)
496		706
497	=item uint64_t ecb_bswap64 (uint64_t x)	707	=item uint64_t ecb_bswap64 (uint64_t x)
		708
		709	=item T ecb_bswap (T x)
498		710
499	These functions return the value of the 16-bit (32-bit, 64-bit) value	711	These functions return the value of the 16-bit (32-bit, 64-bit) value
500	C<x> after reversing the order of bytes (0x11223344 becomes 0x44332211 in	712	C<x> after reversing the order of bytes (0x11223344 becomes 0x44332211 in
501	C<ecb_bswap32>).	713	C<ecb_bswap32>).
502		714
		715	The overloaded C++ C<ecb_bswap> function supports C<uint8_t>, C<uint16_t>,
		716	C<uint32_t> and C<uint64_t> types.
		717
503	=item uint8_t ecb_rotl8 (uint8_t x, unsigned int count)	718	=item uint8_t ecb_rotl8 (uint8_t x, unsigned int count)
504		719
505	=item uint16_t ecb_rotl16 (uint16_t x, unsigned int count)	720	=item uint16_t ecb_rotl16 (uint16_t x, unsigned int count)
506		721
507	=item uint32_t ecb_rotl32 (uint32_t x, unsigned int count)	722	=item uint32_t ecb_rotl32 (uint32_t x, unsigned int count)
…		…
518		733
519	These two families of functions return the value of C<x> after rotating	734	These two families of functions return the value of C<x> after rotating
520	all the bits by C<count> positions to the right (C<ecb_rotr>) or left	735	all the bits by C<count> positions to the right (C<ecb_rotr>) or left
521	(C<ecb_rotl>).	736	(C<ecb_rotl>).
522		737
		738	The valid range for C<count> is C<1> to the number of bits in the
		739	underlying datatype minus one (7/15/31/63). If you need a rotate count
		740	of zero you need to add an extra check before calling these functions
		741	currently.
		742
523	Current GCC versions understand these functions and usually compile them	743	Current GCC/clang versions understand these functions and usually compile
524	to "optimal" code (e.g. a single C<rol> or a combination of C<shld> on	744	them to "optimal" code (e.g. a single C<rol> or a combination of C<shld>
525	x86).	745	on x86).
		746
		747	=item T ecb_rotl (T x, unsigned int count) [C++]
		748
		749	=item T ecb_rotr (T x, unsigned int count) [C++]
		750
		751	Overloaded C++ rotl/rotr functions.
		752
		753	C<T> must be one of C<uint8_t>, C<uint16_t>, C<uint32_t> or C<uint64_t>.
		754
		755	=back
		756
		757	=head2 HOST ENDIANNESS CONVERSION
		758
		759	=over
		760
		761	=item uint_fast16_t ecb_be_u16_to_host (uint_fast16_t v)
		762
		763	=item uint_fast32_t ecb_be_u32_to_host (uint_fast32_t v)
		764
		765	=item uint_fast64_t ecb_be_u64_to_host (uint_fast64_t v)
		766
		767	=item uint_fast16_t ecb_le_u16_to_host (uint_fast16_t v)
		768
		769	=item uint_fast32_t ecb_le_u32_to_host (uint_fast32_t v)
		770
		771	=item uint_fast64_t ecb_le_u64_to_host (uint_fast64_t v)
		772
		773	Convert an unsigned 16, 32 or 64 bit value from big or little endian to host byte order.
		774
		775	The naming convention is C<ecb_>(C<be>\|C<le>)C<_u>C<16\|32\|64>C<_to_host>,
		776	where C<be> and C<le> stand for big endian and little endian, respectively.
		777
		778	=item uint_fast16_t ecb_host_to_be_u16 (uint_fast16_t v)
		779
		780	=item uint_fast32_t ecb_host_to_be_u32 (uint_fast32_t v)
		781
		782	=item uint_fast64_t ecb_host_to_be_u64 (uint_fast64_t v)
		783
		784	=item uint_fast16_t ecb_host_to_le_u16 (uint_fast16_t v)
		785
		786	=item uint_fast32_t ecb_host_to_le_u32 (uint_fast32_t v)
		787
		788	=item uint_fast64_t ecb_host_to_le_u64 (uint_fast64_t v)
		789
		790	Like above, but converts I<from> host byte order to the specified
		791	endianness.
		792
		793	=back
		794
		795	In C++ the following additional template functions are supported:
		796
		797	=over
		798
		799	=item T ecb_be_to_host (T v)
		800
		801	=item T ecb_le_to_host (T v)
		802
		803	=item T ecb_host_to_be (T v)
		804
		805	=item T ecb_host_to_le (T v)
		806
		807	=back
		808
		809	These functions work like their C counterparts, above, but use templates,
		810	which make them useful in generic code.
		811
		812	C<T> must be one of C<uint8_t>, C<uint16_t>, C<uint32_t> or C<uint64_t>
		813	(so unlike their C counterparts, there is a version for C<uint8_t>, which
		814	again can be useful in generic code).
		815
		816	=head2 UNALIGNED LOAD/STORE
		817
		818	These function load or store unaligned multi-byte values.
		819
		820	=over
		821
		822	=item uint_fast16_t ecb_peek_u16_u (const void *ptr)
		823
		824	=item uint_fast32_t ecb_peek_u32_u (const void *ptr)
		825
		826	=item uint_fast64_t ecb_peek_u64_u (const void *ptr)
		827
		828	These functions load an unaligned, unsigned 16, 32 or 64 bit value from
		829	memory.
		830
		831	=item uint_fast16_t ecb_peek_be_u16_u (const void *ptr)
		832
		833	=item uint_fast32_t ecb_peek_be_u32_u (const void *ptr)
		834
		835	=item uint_fast64_t ecb_peek_be_u64_u (const void *ptr)
		836
		837	=item uint_fast16_t ecb_peek_le_u16_u (const void *ptr)
		838
		839	=item uint_fast32_t ecb_peek_le_u32_u (const void *ptr)
		840
		841	=item uint_fast64_t ecb_peek_le_u64_u (const void *ptr)
		842
		843	Like above, but additionally convert from big endian (C<be>) or little
		844	endian (C<le>) byte order to host byte order while doing so.
		845
		846	=item ecb_poke_u16_u (void *ptr, uint16_t v)
		847
		848	=item ecb_poke_u32_u (void *ptr, uint32_t v)
		849
		850	=item ecb_poke_u64_u (void *ptr, uint64_t v)
		851
		852	These functions store an unaligned, unsigned 16, 32 or 64 bit value to
		853	memory.
		854
		855	=item ecb_poke_be_u16_u (void *ptr, uint_fast16_t v)
		856
		857	=item ecb_poke_be_u32_u (void *ptr, uint_fast32_t v)
		858
		859	=item ecb_poke_be_u64_u (void *ptr, uint_fast64_t v)
		860
		861	=item ecb_poke_le_u16_u (void *ptr, uint_fast16_t v)
		862
		863	=item ecb_poke_le_u32_u (void *ptr, uint_fast32_t v)
		864
		865	=item ecb_poke_le_u64_u (void *ptr, uint_fast64_t v)
		866
		867	Like above, but additionally convert from host byte order to big endian
		868	(C<be>) or little endian (C<le>) byte order while doing so.
		869
		870	=back
		871
		872	In C++ the following additional template functions are supported:
		873
		874	=over
		875
		876	=item T ecb_peek<T> (const void *ptr)
		877
		878	=item T ecb_peek_be<T> (const void *ptr)
		879
		880	=item T ecb_peek_le<T> (const void *ptr)
		881
		882	=item T ecb_peek_u<T> (const void *ptr)
		883
		884	=item T ecb_peek_be_u<T> (const void *ptr)
		885
		886	=item T ecb_peek_le_u<T> (const void *ptr)
		887
		888	Similarly to their C counterparts, these functions load an unsigned 8, 16,
		889	32 or 64 bit value from memory, with optional conversion from big/little
		890	endian.
		891
		892	Since the type cannot be deduced, it has to be specified explicitly, e.g.
		893
		894	uint_fast16_t v = ecb_peek<uint16_t> (ptr);
		895
		896	C<T> must be one of C<uint8_t>, C<uint16_t>, C<uint32_t> or C<uint64_t>.
		897
		898	Unlike their C counterparts, these functions support 8 bit quantities
		899	(C<uint8_t>) and also have an aligned version (without the C<_u> prefix),
		900	all of which hopefully makes them more useful in generic code.
		901
		902	=item ecb_poke (void *ptr, T v)
		903
		904	=item ecb_poke_be (void *ptr, T v)
		905
		906	=item ecb_poke_le (void *ptr, T v)
		907
		908	=item ecb_poke_u (void *ptr, T v)
		909
		910	=item ecb_poke_be_u (void *ptr, T v)
		911
		912	=item ecb_poke_le_u (void *ptr, T v)
		913
		914	Again, similarly to their C counterparts, these functions store an
		915	unsigned 8, 16, 32 or z64 bit value to memory, with optional conversion to
		916	big/little endian.
		917
		918	C<T> must be one of C<uint8_t>, C<uint16_t>, C<uint32_t> or C<uint64_t>.
		919
		920	Unlike their C counterparts, these functions support 8 bit quantities
		921	(C<uint8_t>) and also have an aligned version (without the C<_u> prefix),
		922	all of which hopefully makes them more useful in generic code.
		923
		924	=back
		925
		926	=head2 FAST INTEGER TO STRING
		927
		928	Libecb defines a set of very fast integer to decimal string (or integer
		929	to ascii, short C<i2a>) functions. These work by converting the integer
		930	to a fixed point representation and then successively multiplying out
		931	the topmost digits. Unlike some other, also very fast, libraries, ecb's
		932	algorithm should be completely branchless per digit, and does not rely on
		933	the presence of special cpu functions (such as clz).
		934
		935	There is a high level API that takes an C<int32_t>, C<uint32_t>,
		936	C<int64_t> or C<uint64_t> as argument, and a low-level API, which is
		937	harder to use but supports slightly more formatting options.
		938
		939	=head3 HIGH LEVEL API
		940
		941	The high level API consists of four functions, one each for C<int32_t>,
		942	C<uint32_t>, C<int64_t> and C<uint64_t>:
		943
		944	Example:
		945
		946	char buf[ECB_I2A_MAX_DIGITS + 1];
		947	char *end = ecb_i2a_i32 (buf, 17262);
		948	*end = 0;
		949	// buf now contains "17262"
		950
		951	=over
		952
		953	=item ECB_I2A_I32_DIGITS (=11)
		954
		955	=item char ecb_i2a_u32 (char ptr, uint32_t value)
		956
		957	Takes an C<uint32_t> I<value> and formats it as a decimal number starting
		958	at I<ptr>, using at most C<ECB_I2A_I32_DIGITS> characters. Returns a
		959	pointer to just after the generated string, where you would normally put
		960	the terminating C<0> character. This function outputs the minimum number
		961	of digits.
		962
		963	=item ECB_I2A_U32_DIGITS (=10)
		964
		965	=item char ecb_i2a_i32 (char ptr, int32_t value)
		966
		967	Same as C<ecb_i2a_u32>, but formats a C<int32_t> value, including a minus
		968	sign if needed.
		969
		970	=item ECB_I2A_I64_DIGITS (=20)
		971
		972	=item char ecb_i2a_u64 (char ptr, uint64_t value)
		973
		974	=item ECB_I2A_U64_DIGITS (=21)
		975
		976	=item char ecb_i2a_i64 (char ptr, int64_t value)
		977
		978	Similar to their 32 bit counterparts, these take a 64 bit argument.
		979
		980	=item ECB_I2A_MAX_DIGITS (=21)
		981
		982	Instead of using a type specific length macro, youi can just use
		983	C<ECB_I2A_MAX_DIGITS>, which is good enough for any C<ecb_i2a> function.
		984
		985	=back
		986
		987	=head3 LOW-LEVEL API
		988
		989	The functions above use a number of low-level APIs which have some strict
		990	limitations, but can be used as building blocks (study of C<ecb_i2a_i32>
		991	and related functions is recommended).
		992
		993	There are three families of functions: functions that convert a number
		994	to a fixed number of digits with leading zeroes (C<ecb_i2a_0N>, C<0>
		995	for "leading zeroes"), functions that generate up to N digits, skipping
		996	leading zeroes (C<_N>), and functions that can generate more digits, but
		997	the leading digit has limited range (C<_xN>).
		998
		999	None of the functions deal with negative numbers.
		1000
		1001	Example: convert an IP address in an u32 into dotted-quad:
		1002
		1003	uint32_t ip = 0x0a000164; // 10.0.1.100
		1004	char ips[3 * 4 + 3 + 1];
		1005	char *ptr = ips;
		1006	ptr = ecb_i2a_3 (ptr, ip >> 24 ); *ptr++ = '.';
		1007	ptr = ecb_i2a_3 (ptr, (ip >> 16) & 0xff); *ptr++ = '.';
		1008	ptr = ecb_i2a_3 (ptr, (ip >> 8) & 0xff); *ptr++ = '.';
		1009	ptr = ecb_i2a_3 (ptr, ip & 0xff); *ptr++ = 0;
		1010	printf ("ip: %s\n", ips); // prints "ip: 10.0.1.100"
		1011
		1012	=over
		1013
		1014	=item char ecb_i2a_02 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 32 bit
		1015
		1016	=item char ecb_i2a_03 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 32 bit
		1017
		1018	=item char ecb_i2a_04 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 32 bit
		1019
		1020	=item char ecb_i2a_05 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 64 bit
		1021
		1022	=item char ecb_i2a_06 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 64 bit
		1023
		1024	=item char ecb_i2a_07 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 64 bit
		1025
		1026	=item char ecb_i2a_08 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 64 bit
		1027
		1028	=item char ecb_i2a_09 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 64 bit
		1029
		1030	The C<< ecb_i2a_0I<N> > functions take an unsigned I<value> and convert
		1031	them to exactly I<N> digits, returning a pointer to the first character
		1032	after the digits. The I<value> must be in range. The functions marked with
		1033	I<32 bit> do their calculations internally in 32 bit, the ones marked with
		1034	I<64 bit> internally use 64 bit integers, which might be slow on 32 bit
		1035	architectures (the high level API decides on 32 vs. 64 bit versions using
		1036	C<ECB_64BIT_NATIVE>).
		1037
		1038	=item char ecb_i2a_2 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 32 bit
		1039
		1040	=item char ecb_i2a_3 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 32 bit
		1041
		1042	=item char ecb_i2a_4 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 32 bit
		1043
		1044	=item char ecb_i2a_5 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 64 bit
		1045
		1046	=item char ecb_i2a_6 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 64 bit
		1047
		1048	=item char ecb_i2a_7 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 64 bit
		1049
		1050	=item char ecb_i2a_8 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 64 bit
		1051
		1052	=item char ecb_i2a_9 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 64 bit
		1053
		1054	Similarly, the C<< ecb_i2a_I<N> > functions take an unsigned I<value>
		1055	and convert them to at most I<N> digits, suppressing leading zeroes, and
		1056	returning a pointer to the first character after the digits.
		1057
		1058	=item ECB_I2A_MAX_X5 (=59074)
		1059
		1060	=item char ecb_i2a_x5 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 32 bit
		1061
		1062	=item ECB_I2A_MAX_X10 (=2932500665)
		1063
		1064	=item char ecb_i2a_x10 (char ptr, uint32_t value) // 64 bit
		1065
		1066	The C<< ecb_i2a_xI<N> >> functions are similar to the C<< ecb_i2a_I<N> >
		1067	functions, but they can generate one digit more, as long as the number
		1068	is within range, which is given by the symbols C<ECB_I2A_MAX_X5> (almost
		1069	16 bit range) and C<ECB_I2A_MAX_X10> (a bit more than 31 bit range),
		1070	respectively.
		1071
		1072	For example, the digit part of a 32 bit signed integer just fits into the
		1073	C<ECB_I2A_MAX_X10> range, so while C<ecb_i2a_x10> cannot convert a 10
		1074	digit number, it can convert all 32 bit signed numbers. Sadly, it's not
		1075	good enough for 32 bit unsigned numbers.
		1076
		1077	=back
		1078
		1079	=head2 FLOATING POINT FIDDLING
		1080
		1081	=over
		1082
		1083	=item ECB_INFINITY [-UECB_NO_LIBM]
		1084
		1085	Evaluates to positive infinity if supported by the platform, otherwise to
		1086	a truly huge number.
		1087
		1088	=item ECB_NAN [-UECB_NO_LIBM]
		1089
		1090	Evaluates to a quiet NAN if supported by the platform, otherwise to
		1091	C<ECB_INFINITY>.
		1092
		1093	=item float ecb_ldexpf (float x, int exp) [-UECB_NO_LIBM]
		1094
		1095	Same as C<ldexpf>, but always available.
		1096
		1097	=item uint32_t ecb_float_to_binary16 (float x) [-UECB_NO_LIBM]
		1098
		1099	=item uint32_t ecb_float_to_binary32 (float x) [-UECB_NO_LIBM]
		1100
		1101	=item uint64_t ecb_double_to_binary64 (double x) [-UECB_NO_LIBM]
		1102
		1103	These functions each take an argument in the native C<float> or C<double>
		1104	type and return the IEEE 754 bit representation of it (binary16/half,
		1105	binary32/single or binary64/double precision).
		1106
		1107	The bit representation is just as IEEE 754 defines it, i.e. the sign bit
		1108	will be the most significant bit, followed by exponent and mantissa.
		1109
		1110	This function should work even when the native floating point format isn't
		1111	IEEE compliant, of course at a speed and code size penalty, and of course
		1112	also within reasonable limits (it tries to convert NaNs, infinities and
		1113	denormals, but will likely convert negative zero to positive zero).
		1114
		1115	On all modern platforms (where C<ECB_STDFP> is true), the compiler should
		1116	be able to optimise away this function completely.
		1117
		1118	These functions can be helpful when serialising floats to the network - you
		1119	can serialise the return value like a normal uint16_t/uint32_t/uint64_t.
		1120
		1121	Another use for these functions is to manipulate floating point values
		1122	directly.
		1123
		1124	Silly example: toggle the sign bit of a float.
		1125
		1126	/* On gcc-4.7 on amd64, */
		1127	/* this results in a single add instruction to toggle the bit, and 4 extra */
		1128	/* instructions to move the float value to an integer register and back. */
		1129
		1130	x = ecb_binary32_to_float (ecb_float_to_binary32 (x) ^ 0x80000000U)
		1131
		1132	=item float ecb_binary16_to_float (uint16_t x) [-UECB_NO_LIBM]
		1133
		1134	=item float ecb_binary32_to_float (uint32_t x) [-UECB_NO_LIBM]
		1135
		1136	=item double ecb_binary64_to_double (uint64_t x) [-UECB_NO_LIBM]
		1137
		1138	The reverse operation of the previous function - takes the bit
		1139	representation of an IEEE binary16, binary32 or binary64 number (half,
		1140	single or double precision) and converts it to the native C<float> or
		1141	C<double> format.
		1142
		1143	This function should work even when the native floating point format isn't
		1144	IEEE compliant, of course at a speed and code size penalty, and of course
		1145	also within reasonable limits (it tries to convert normals and denormals,
		1146	and might be lucky for infinities, and with extraordinary luck, also for
		1147	negative zero).
		1148
		1149	On all modern platforms (where C<ECB_STDFP> is true), the compiler should
		1150	be able to optimise away this function completely.
		1151
		1152	=item uint16_t ecb_binary32_to_binary16 (uint32_t x)
		1153
		1154	=item uint32_t ecb_binary16_to_binary32 (uint16_t x)
		1155
		1156	Convert a IEEE binary32/single precision to binary16/half format, and vice
		1157	versa, handling all details (round-to-nearest-even, subnormals, infinity
		1158	and NaNs) correctly.
		1159
		1160	These are functions are available under C<-DECB_NO_LIBM>, since
		1161	they do not rely on the platform floating point format. The
		1162	C<ecb_float_to_binary16> and C<ecb_binary16_to_float> functions are
		1163	usually what you want.
526		1164
527	=back	1165	=back
528		1166
529	=head2 ARITHMETIC	1167	=head2 ARITHMETIC
530		1168
531	=over 4	1169	=over
532		1170
533	=item x = ecb_mod (m, n)	1171	=item x = ecb_mod (m, n)
534		1172
535	Returns C<m> modulo C<n>, which is the same as the positive remainder	1173	Returns C<m> modulo C<n>, which is the same as the positive remainder
536	of the division operation between C<m> and C<n>, using floored	1174	of the division operation between C<m> and C<n>, using floored
…		…
543	C<n> must be strictly positive (i.e. C<< >= 1 >>), while C<m> must be	1181	C<n> must be strictly positive (i.e. C<< >= 1 >>), while C<m> must be
544	negatable, that is, both C<m> and C<-m> must be representable in its	1182	negatable, that is, both C<m> and C<-m> must be representable in its
545	type (this typically excludes the minimum signed integer value, the same	1183	type (this typically excludes the minimum signed integer value, the same
546	limitation as for C</> and C<%> in C).	1184	limitation as for C</> and C<%> in C).
547		1185
548	Current GCC versions compile this into an efficient branchless sequence on	1186	Current GCC/clang versions compile this into an efficient branchless
549	almost all CPUs.	1187	sequence on almost all CPUs.
550		1188
551	For example, when you want to rotate forward through the members of an	1189	For example, when you want to rotate forward through the members of an
552	array for increasing C<m> (which might be negative), then you should use	1190	array for increasing C<m> (which might be negative), then you should use
553	C<ecb_mod>, as the C<%> operator might give either negative results, or	1191	C<ecb_mod>, as the C<%> operator might give either negative results, or
554	change direction for negative values:	1192	change direction for negative values:
…		…
567		1205
568	=back	1206	=back
569		1207
570	=head2 UTILITY	1208	=head2 UTILITY
571		1209
572	=over 4	1210	=over
573		1211
574	=item element_count = ecb_array_length (name)	1212	=item element_count = ecb_array_length (name)
575		1213
576	Returns the number of elements in the array C<name>. For example:	1214	Returns the number of elements in the array C<name>. For example:
577		1215
…		…
581	for (i = 0; i < ecb_array_length (primes); i++)	1219	for (i = 0; i < ecb_array_length (primes); i++)
582	sum += primes [i];	1220	sum += primes [i];
583		1221
584	=back	1222	=back
585		1223
		1224	=head2 SYMBOLS GOVERNING COMPILATION OF ECB.H ITSELF
586		1225
		1226	These symbols need to be defined before including F<ecb.h> the first time.
		1227
		1228	=over
		1229
		1230	=item ECB_NO_THREADS
		1231
		1232	If F<ecb.h> is never used from multiple threads, then this symbol can
		1233	be defined, in which case memory fences (and similar constructs) are
		1234	completely removed, leading to more efficient code and fewer dependencies.
		1235
		1236	Setting this symbol to a true value implies C<ECB_NO_SMP>.
		1237
		1238	=item ECB_NO_SMP
		1239
		1240	The weaker version of C<ECB_NO_THREADS> - if F<ecb.h> is used from
		1241	multiple threads, but never concurrently (e.g. if the system the program
		1242	runs on has only a single CPU with a single core, no hyperthreading and so
		1243	on), then this symbol can be defined, leading to more efficient code and
		1244	fewer dependencies.
		1245
		1246	=item ECB_NO_LIBM
		1247
		1248	When defined to C<1>, do not export any functions that might introduce
		1249	dependencies on the math library (usually called F<-lm>) - these are
		1250	marked with [-UECB_NO_LIBM].
		1251
		1252	=back
		1253
		1254	=head1 UNDOCUMENTED FUNCTIONALITY
		1255
		1256	F<ecb.h> is full of undocumented functionality as well, some of which is
		1257	intended to be internal-use only, some of which we forgot to document, and
		1258	some of which we hide because we are not sure we will keep the interface
		1259	stable.
		1260
		1261	While you are welcome to rummage around and use whatever you find useful
		1262	(we can't stop you), keep in mind that we will change undocumented
		1263	functionality in incompatible ways without thinking twice, while we are
		1264	considerably more conservative with documented things.
		1265
		1266	=head1 AUTHORS
		1267
		1268	C<libecb> is designed and maintained by:
		1269
		1270	Emanuele Giaquinta <e.giaquinta@glauco.it>
		1271	Marc Alexander Lehmann <schmorp@schmorp.de>
		1272
		1273

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Comparing cvsroot/libecb/ecb.pod (file contents): Revision 1.41 by root, Mon May 28 08:40:25 2012 UTC vs. Revision 1.93 by root, Sat Jul 31 14:39:16 2021 UTC

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Comparing cvsroot/libecb/ecb.pod (file contents):
Revision 1.41 by root, Mon May 28 08:40:25 2012 UTC vs.
Revision 1.93 by root, Sat Jul 31 14:39:16 2021 UTC