1 | FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS |
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2 | The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select |
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3 | single words? |
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4 | Yes. For example, if you want to select alphanumeric words, you can |
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5 | use the following resource: |
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6 | |
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7 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+) |
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8 | |
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9 | If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more |
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10 | and more. |
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11 | |
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12 | To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this |
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13 | pattern: |
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14 | |
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15 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+) |
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16 | |
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17 | Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClik* combination |
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18 | also selects words like the old code. |
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19 | |
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20 | I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I |
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21 | change/disable it? |
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22 | You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the |
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23 | perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps |
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24 | rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory. |
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25 | |
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26 | If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to |
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27 | identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the |
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28 | section PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the rxvtperl(3) manpage. For |
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29 | example, to disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify |
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30 | this perl-ext-common resource: |
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31 | |
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32 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup |
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33 | |
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34 | This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup |
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35 | extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example, |
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36 | scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any |
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37 | other combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback |
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38 | resource: |
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39 | |
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40 | URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s |
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41 | |
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42 | Isn't rxvt supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat? |
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43 | I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause |
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44 | extra bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you |
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45 | can see that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables |
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46 | always being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) |
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47 | after startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is |
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48 | a bit unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding |
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49 | conversion, iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode. |
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50 | |
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51 | text data bss drs rss filename |
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52 | 98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything |
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53 | 188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything |
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54 | |
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55 | When you "--enable-everything" (which _is_ unfair, as this involves |
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56 | xft and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 |
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57 | and my libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so. |
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58 | |
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59 | text data bss drs rss filename |
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60 | 163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything |
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61 | 1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything |
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62 | |
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63 | The very large size of the text section is explained by the |
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64 | east-asian encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but |
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65 | nothing else and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core |
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66 | fonts that use those encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k |
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67 | emergency buffer that my c++ compiler allocates (but of course |
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68 | doesn't use unless you are out of memory). Also, using an xft font |
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69 | instead of a core font immediately adds a few megabytes of RSS. Xft |
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70 | indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even when not used. |
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71 | |
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72 | Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of |
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73 | one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use |
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74 | more memory. |
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75 | |
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76 | Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k), |
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77 | this still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like |
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78 | gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or |
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79 | konsole (22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after |
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80 | exit, plus half a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of |
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81 | warnings it spits out), it fares extremely well *g*. |
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82 | |
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83 | Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool? |
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84 | Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: |
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85 | I had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a |
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86 | fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). |
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87 | Put even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++. |
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88 | |
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89 | My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but |
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90 | in the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability |
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91 | limits are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale |
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92 | support and unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than |
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93 | C++ itself. |
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94 | |
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95 | Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write |
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96 | programs in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to |
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97 | write programs in C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large |
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98 | libraries, but this is not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is |
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99 | what rxvt links against on my system with a minimal config: |
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100 | |
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101 | libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000) |
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102 | libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000) |
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103 | libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000) |
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104 | /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000) |
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105 | |
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106 | And here is rxvt-unicode: |
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107 | |
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108 | libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000) |
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109 | libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000) |
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110 | libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000) |
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111 | libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000) |
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112 | /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000) |
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113 | |
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114 | No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in |
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115 | statically), except maybe libX11 :) |
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116 | |
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117 | Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode? |
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118 | rxvt-unicode does not directly support tabs. It will work fine with |
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119 | tabbing functionality of many window managers or similar tabbing |
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120 | programs, and its embedding-features allow it to be embedded into |
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121 | other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed or the upcoming |
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122 | "Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt (murxvt) |
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123 | terminal as an example embedding application. |
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124 | |
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125 | How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using? |
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126 | The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape |
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127 | sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number. |
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128 | When using the rxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the |
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129 | daemon. |
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130 | |
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131 | I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem... |
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132 | The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large |
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133 | patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode. |
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134 | Before reporting a bug to the original rxvt-unicode author please |
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135 | download and install the genuine version |
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136 | (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce the |
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137 | problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific |
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138 | to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the |
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139 | Debian Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug). |
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140 | |
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141 | For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and |
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142 | probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's |
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143 | also a bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for |
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144 | other users that might encounter the same issue. |
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145 | |
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146 | I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any |
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147 | recommendation? |
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148 | You should build one binary with the default options. configure now |
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149 | enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them |
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150 | runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling |
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151 | them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl |
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152 | interpreter should be enabled, as important functionality (menus, |
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153 | selection, likely more in the future) depends on it. |
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154 | |
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155 | You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" snd "perl-ext" |
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156 | resources system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will |
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157 | result in useful behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, |
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158 | add an empty "perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file. |
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159 | This will keep the perl interpreter disabled until the user enables |
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160 | it. |
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161 | |
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162 | If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal |
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163 | one with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with |
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164 | "--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot |
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165 | of encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely |
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166 | used). |
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167 | |
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168 | I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this |
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169 | safe? |
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170 | Likely not. While I honestly try to make it secure, and am probably |
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171 | not bad at it, I think it is simply unreasonable to expect all of |
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172 | freetype + fontconfig + xft + xlib + perl + ... + rxvt-unicode |
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173 | itself to all be secure. Also, rxvt-unicode disables some options |
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174 | when it detects that it runs setuid or setgid, which is not nice. |
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175 | Besides, with the embedded perl interpreter the possibility for |
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176 | security problems easily multiplies. |
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177 | |
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178 | Elevated privileges are only required for utmp and pty operations on |
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179 | some systems (for example, GNU/Linux doesn't need any extra |
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180 | privileges for ptys, but some need it for utmp support). It is |
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181 | planned to mvoe this into a forked handler process, but this is not |
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182 | yet done. |
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183 | |
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184 | So, while setuid/setgid operation is supported and not a problem on |
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185 | your typical single-user-no-other-logins unix desktop, always |
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186 | remember that its an awful lot of code, most of which isn't checked |
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187 | for security issues regularly. |
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188 | |
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189 | When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? |
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190 | The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely |
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191 | available as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same |
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192 | problem often arises). |
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193 | |
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194 | The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, |
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195 | this can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp): |
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196 | |
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197 | REMOTE=remotesystem.domain |
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198 | infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti" |
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199 | |
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200 | ... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system, |
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201 | |
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202 | If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set |
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203 | "TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of |
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204 | problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and |
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205 | different colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen |
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206 | applications. It's a nice quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases, |
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207 | though. |
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208 | |
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209 | If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences) |
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210 | you can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or |
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211 | use a resource to set it: |
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212 | |
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213 | URxvt.termName: rxvt |
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214 | |
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215 | If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also |
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216 | replace the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one. |
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217 | |
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218 | "tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry. |
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219 | Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it |
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220 | by "enacs=\E[0@" and try again. |
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221 | |
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222 | "bash"'s readline does not work correctly under rxvt. |
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223 | I need a termcap file entry. |
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224 | One reason you might want this is that some distributions or |
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225 | operating systems still compile some programs using the |
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226 | long-obsoleted termcap library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) |
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227 | and rely on a termcap entry for "rxvt-unicode". |
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228 | |
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229 | You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many |
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230 | cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's |
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231 | infocmp program like this: |
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232 | |
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233 | infocmp -C rxvt-unicode |
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234 | |
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235 | Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above: |
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236 | |
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237 | rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\ |
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238 | :am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\ |
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239 | :co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\ |
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240 | :AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\ |
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241 | :K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\ |
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242 | :RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\ |
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243 | :as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\ |
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244 | :cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\ |
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245 | :dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\ |
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246 | :i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\ |
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247 | :is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\ |
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248 | :k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\ |
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249 | :k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\ |
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250 | :kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\ |
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251 | :kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\ |
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252 | :mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\ |
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253 | :sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\ |
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254 | :te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\ |
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255 | :us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\ |
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256 | :vs=\E[?25h: |
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257 | |
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258 | Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output? |
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259 | The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to |
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260 | decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration |
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261 | file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file |
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262 | (among with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add: |
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263 | |
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264 | TERM rxvt-unicode |
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265 | |
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266 | to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add: |
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267 | |
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268 | alias ls='ls --color=auto' |
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269 | |
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270 | to your ".profile" or ".bashrc". |
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271 | |
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272 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode? |
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273 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic? |
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274 | Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly? |
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275 | Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged |
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276 | distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by |
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277 | setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features. |
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278 | Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux) |
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279 | furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file, |
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280 | so you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I |
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281 | log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on |
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282 | how to do this). |
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283 | |
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284 | My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output? |
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285 | Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no |
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286 | specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is |
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287 | caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether |
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288 | and how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a |
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289 | compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and |
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290 | please report if that helped. |
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291 | |
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292 | Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding? |
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293 | Unicode does not seem to work? |
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294 | If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character |
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295 | but getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program |
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296 | output is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale |
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297 | settings. |
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298 | |
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299 | Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the |
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300 | programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the |
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301 | login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the |
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302 | locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this |
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303 | is not going to work. |
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304 | |
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305 | The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will |
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306 | likely run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in |
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307 | your .profile. |
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308 | |
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309 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE" |
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310 | |
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311 | If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification |
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312 | not supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command |
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313 | which displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale |
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314 | settings, as it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). |
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315 | If it displays something like: |
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316 | |
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317 | locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ... |
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318 | |
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319 | Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system. |
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320 | |
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321 | If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly |
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322 | then you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs |
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323 | just don't support locales :( |
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324 | |
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325 | Why do some characters look so much different than others? |
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326 | How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts? |
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327 | Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine. |
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328 | Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of |
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329 | your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you |
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330 | want to display. |
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331 | |
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332 | rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font. |
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333 | Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks |
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334 | bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that |
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335 | don't resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the |
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336 | artificial intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it |
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337 | has to believe the font that the characters it claims to contain |
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338 | indeed look correct. |
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339 | |
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340 | In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font |
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341 | list, e.g.: |
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342 | |
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343 | rxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3... |
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344 | |
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345 | When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base |
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346 | font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to |
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347 | the next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed |
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348 | up this search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the |
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349 | X-server. |
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350 | |
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351 | The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the |
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352 | base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell |
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353 | size, which must be the same due to the way terminals work. |
|
|
354 | |
|
|
355 | Why do some chinese characters look so different than others? |
|
|
356 | This is because there is a difference between script and language -- |
|
|
357 | rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output |
|
|
358 | is, as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode |
|
|
359 | first sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese |
|
|
360 | font for display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. |
|
|
361 | Now, many chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, |
|
|
362 | so when the first non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will |
|
|
363 | look for a chinese font -- unfortunately at this point, it will |
|
|
364 | still use the japanese font for chinese characters that are also in |
|
|
365 | the japanese font. |
|
|
366 | |
|
|
367 | The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your |
|
|
368 | font list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font |
|
|
369 | list as a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a |
|
|
370 | japanese font first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font |
|
|
371 | first. |
|
|
372 | |
|
|
373 | In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at |
|
|
374 | runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using |
|
|
375 | different fonts for the same character at the same time, but no |
|
|
376 | interface for this has been designed yet). |
|
|
377 | |
|
|
378 | Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see |
|
|
379 | "Can I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document). |
|
|
380 | |
|
|
381 | Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings? |
|
|
382 | Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that |
|
|
383 | character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for |
|
|
384 | terminal use might contain some characters that are simply too wide. |
|
|
385 | Rxvt-unicode will avoid these characters. For characters that are |
|
|
386 | just "a bit" too wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used |
|
|
387 | that redraws adjacent characters. |
|
|
388 | |
|
|
389 | All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes, |
|
|
390 | however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed |
|
|
391 | bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the |
|
|
392 | correct way is to ask for the character bounding box, which |
|
|
393 | unfortunately is wrong in these cases). |
|
|
394 | |
|
|
395 | It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft, |
|
|
396 | freetype, or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you |
|
|
397 | might try using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If |
|
|
398 | that doesn't work, you might be forced to use a different font. |
|
|
399 | |
|
|
400 | All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their |
|
|
401 | bounding box data is correct. |
|
|
402 | |
|
|
403 | On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide. |
|
|
404 | Seems to be a known bug, read |
|
|
405 | <http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the |
|
|
406 | following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working: |
|
|
407 | |
|
|
408 | #define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x) |
|
|
409 | |
|
|
410 | My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working. |
|
|
411 | The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not |
|
|
412 | set correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported |
|
|
413 | by your input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and |
|
|
414 | your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose |
|
|
415 | keys) does not support this (for instance because it is not visual), |
|
|
416 | then rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method. |
|
|
417 | |
|
|
418 | In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more |
|
|
419 | than one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None. |
|
|
420 | |
|
|
421 | I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO |
|
|
422 | 14755 |
|
|
423 | Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on |
|
|
424 | international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your |
|
|
425 | advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for |
|
|
426 | other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default |
|
|
427 | telnet escape character and so on. |
|
|
428 | |
|
|
429 | How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much? |
|
|
430 | First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal |
|
|
431 | settings ("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these |
|
|
432 | effects. Then make sure you have specified colours for italic and |
|
|
433 | bold, as otherwise rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate |
|
|
434 | the effect: |
|
|
435 | |
|
|
436 | URxvt.colorBD: white |
|
|
437 | URxvt.colorIT: green |
|
|
438 | |
|
|
439 | Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how |
|
|
440 | can I fix that? |
|
|
441 | For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very |
|
|
442 | weird colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than |
|
|
443 | the standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, |
|
|
444 | of course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours |
|
|
445 | without very good reasons. |
|
|
446 | |
|
|
447 | In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo |
|
|
448 | definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which |
|
|
449 | will fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode |
|
|
450 | features. |
|
|
451 | |
|
|
452 | I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all. |
|
|
453 | Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined |
|
|
454 | in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements |
|
|
455 | it, wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__" |
|
|
456 | requires that wchar_t is represented as unicode. |
|
|
457 | |
|
|
458 | As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl |
|
|
459 | nor does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal |
|
|
460 | representation of wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with |
|
|
461 | respect to standards. |
|
|
462 | |
|
|
463 | However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1" |
|
|
464 | and "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t. |
|
|
465 | |
|
|
466 | "__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language |
|
|
467 | apps in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized) |
|
|
468 | representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between |
|
|
469 | wchar_t (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other |
|
|
470 | encoding without implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and |
|
|
471 | every locale. There simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into |
|
|
472 | anything except the current locale encoding. |
|
|
473 | |
|
|
474 | Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this |
|
|
475 | by carrying their own replacement functions for character set |
|
|
476 | handling with them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or |
|
|
477 | doing multiple conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the |
|
|
478 | OS implements encodings slightly different than the terminal |
|
|
479 | emulator). |
|
|
480 | |
|
|
481 | The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in |
|
|
482 | the system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app |
|
|
483 | to carry complete replacements for them :) |
|
|
484 | |
|
|
485 | I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc. |
|
|
486 | Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst |
|
|
487 | problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem. |
|
|
488 | |
|
|
489 | How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin? |
|
|
490 | rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using |
|
|
491 | the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no |
|
|
492 | longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a |
|
|
493 | single font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or |
|
|
494 | "-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as |
|
|
495 | the old libW11 emulation. |
|
|
496 | |
|
|
497 | At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any |
|
|
498 | multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are |
|
|
499 | likely limited to 8-bit encodings. |
|
|
500 | |
|
|
501 | How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use? |
|
|
502 | Is there an option to switch encodings? |
|
|
503 | Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, |
|
|
504 | and no specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't |
|
|
505 | even know about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to |
|
|
506 | terminal I/O. |
|
|
507 | |
|
|
508 | The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for |
|
|
509 | selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating |
|
|
510 | this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties |
|
|
511 | such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*. |
|
|
512 | Applications not using that info will have problems (for example, |
|
|
513 | "xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses it's own, |
|
|
514 | locale-independent table under all locales). |
|
|
515 | |
|
|
516 | Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding. |
|
|
517 | All programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree |
|
|
518 | in the interpretation of characters. |
|
|
519 | |
|
|
520 | Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, |
|
|
521 | nor is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like. |
|
|
522 | |
|
|
523 | On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable |
|
|
524 | contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an |
|
|
525 | already-installed locale. Common names for locales are |
|
|
526 | "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e. |
|
|
527 | "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. "de" or "german") |
|
|
528 | are also common. |
|
|
529 | |
|
|
530 | Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the |
|
|
531 | encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e. |
|
|
532 | "de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to |
|
|
533 | rxvt-unicode. |
|
|
534 | |
|
|
535 | If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you |
|
|
536 | start rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category. |
|
|
537 | |
|
|
538 | Can I switch locales at runtime? |
|
|
539 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets |
|
|
540 | rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE". |
|
|
541 | |
|
|
542 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
|
|
543 | |
|
|
544 | See also the previous answer. |
|
|
545 | |
|
|
546 | Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in |
|
|
547 | one locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it |
|
|
548 | (e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which |
|
|
549 | first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later: |
|
|
550 | |
|
|
551 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
|
|
552 | xjdic -js |
|
|
553 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8 |
|
|
554 | |
|
|
555 | You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine, |
|
|
556 | except for some locales where character width differs between |
|
|
557 | program- and rxvt-unicode-locales. |
|
|
558 | |
|
|
559 | Can I switch the fonts at runtime? |
|
|
560 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has |
|
|
561 | the same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect |
|
|
562 | immediately: |
|
|
563 | |
|
|
564 | printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic" |
|
|
565 | |
|
|
566 | This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer |
|
|
567 | a japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, |
|
|
568 | where japanese fonts would only be in your way. |
|
|
569 | |
|
|
570 | You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching. |
|
|
571 | |
|
|
572 | Why do italic characters look as if clipped? |
|
|
573 | Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For |
|
|
574 | example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera |
|
|
575 | Sans Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might |
|
|
576 | be to enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this: |
|
|
577 | |
|
|
578 | URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true |
|
|
579 | URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true |
|
|
580 | |
|
|
581 | My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do? |
|
|
582 | You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest |
|
|
583 | of the terminal, using the resource "imlocale": |
|
|
584 | |
|
|
585 | URxvt*imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP |
|
|
586 | |
|
|
587 | Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and |
|
|
588 | still use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not |
|
|
589 | be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then, |
|
|
590 | as your input method limits you. |
|
|
591 | |
|
|
592 | Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits. |
|
|
593 | Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by |
|
|
594 | design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory |
|
|
595 | leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering |
|
|
596 | at exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally |
|
|
597 | succeeds, while SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, |
|
|
598 | however, crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides |
|
|
599 | cooperate. |
|
|
600 | |
|
|
601 | So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers. |
|
|
602 | |
|
|
603 | Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that? |
|
|
604 | Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for |
|
|
605 | something you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure |
|
|
606 | out all settings that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a |
|
|
607 | resource hog by design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no |
|
|
608 | Xft font will be loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find |
|
|
609 | a font for your characters. |
|
|
610 | |
|
|
611 | Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger |
|
|
612 | scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will |
|
|
613 | use 6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to |
|
|
614 | almost a kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will |
|
|
615 | then (if full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3" |
|
|
616 | it gets worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell. |
|
|
617 | |
|
|
618 | Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow? |
|
|
619 | Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, |
|
|
620 | as it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to |
|
|
621 | disable antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves |
|
|
622 | lots of memory and also speeds up rendering considerably. |
|
|
623 | |
|
|
624 | Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong? |
|
|
625 | Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to |
|
|
626 | fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core |
|
|
627 | fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It |
|
|
628 | has antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author |
|
|
629 | thinks they look best that way. |
|
|
630 | |
|
|
631 | If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually. |
|
|
632 | |
|
|
633 | Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works. |
|
|
634 | Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing |
|
|
635 | some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. |
|
|
636 | I've heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise |
|
|
637 | specified. A quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt |
|
|
638 | or Shift keys are depressed. See rxvt(7) |
|
|
639 | |
|
|
640 | What's with this bold/blink stuff? |
|
|
641 | If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using |
|
|
642 | the standard foreground colour. |
|
|
643 | |
|
|
644 | For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the |
|
|
645 | text blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard |
|
|
646 | colours. Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be |
|
|
647 | ignored. |
|
|
648 | |
|
|
649 | On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set |
|
|
650 | high-intensity foreground/background colors. |
|
|
651 | |
|
|
652 | color0-7 are the low-intensity colors. |
|
|
653 | |
|
|
654 | color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors. |
|
|
655 | |
|
|
656 | I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them? |
|
|
657 | You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults |
|
|
658 | resources (or as long-options). |
|
|
659 | |
|
|
660 | Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, |
|
|
661 | including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow: |
|
|
662 | |
|
|
663 | URxvt.color0: #000000 |
|
|
664 | URxvt.color1: #A80000 |
|
|
665 | URxvt.color2: #00A800 |
|
|
666 | URxvt.color3: #A8A800 |
|
|
667 | URxvt.color4: #0000A8 |
|
|
668 | URxvt.color5: #A800A8 |
|
|
669 | URxvt.color6: #00A8A8 |
|
|
670 | URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8 |
|
|
671 | |
|
|
672 | URxvt.color8: #000054 |
|
|
673 | URxvt.color9: #FF0054 |
|
|
674 | URxvt.color10: #00FF54 |
|
|
675 | URxvt.color11: #FFFF54 |
|
|
676 | URxvt.color12: #0000FF |
|
|
677 | URxvt.color13: #FF00FF |
|
|
678 | URxvt.color14: #00FFFF |
|
|
679 | URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF |
|
|
680 | |
|
|
681 | And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described |
|
|
682 | (not by me) as "pretty girly". |
|
|
683 | |
|
|
684 | URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1 |
|
|
685 | URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1 |
|
|
686 | URxvt.background: #0e0e0e |
|
|
687 | URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1 |
|
|
688 | URxvt.color0: #000000 |
|
|
689 | URxvt.color8: #8b8f93 |
|
|
690 | URxvt.color1: #dc74d1 |
|
|
691 | URxvt.color9: #dc74d1 |
|
|
692 | URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7 |
|
|
693 | URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7 |
|
|
694 | URxvt.color3: #dfe37e |
|
|
695 | URxvt.color11: #dfe37e |
|
|
696 | URxvt.color5: #9e88f0 |
|
|
697 | URxvt.color13: #9e88f0 |
|
|
698 | URxvt.color6: #73f7ff |
|
|
699 | URxvt.color14: #73f7ff |
|
|
700 | URxvt.color7: #e1dddd |
|
|
701 | URxvt.color15: #e1dddd |
|
|
702 | |
|
|
703 | How can I start rxvtd in a race-free way? |
|
|
704 | Try "rxvtd -f -o", which tells rxvtd to open the display, create the |
|
|
705 | listening socket and then fork. |
|
|
706 | |
|
|
707 | What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour? |
|
|
708 | Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the |
|
|
709 | BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following |
|
|
710 | question) there are two standard values that can be used for |
|
|
711 | Backspace: "^H" and "^?". |
|
|
712 | |
|
|
713 | Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the |
|
|
714 | debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only |
|
|
715 | only correct choice :). |
|
|
716 | |
|
|
717 | Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the |
|
|
718 | value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode |
|
|
719 | wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote |
|
|
720 | shell), then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to |
|
|
721 | CERASE in <termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as |
|
|
722 | your stty setting). |
|
|
723 | |
|
|
724 | For starting a new rxvt-unicode: |
|
|
725 | |
|
|
726 | # use Backspace = ^H |
|
|
727 | $ stty erase ^H |
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728 | $ rxvt |
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729 | |
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730 | # use Backspace = ^? |
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731 | $ stty erase ^? |
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732 | $ rxvt |
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733 | |
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734 | Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l" as documented in rxvt(7). |
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735 | |
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736 | For an existing rxvt-unicode: |
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737 | |
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|
738 | # use Backspace = ^H |
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739 | $ stty erase ^H |
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|
740 | $ echo -n "^[[36h" |
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741 | |
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742 | # use Backspace = ^? |
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743 | $ stty erase ^? |
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744 | $ echo -n "^[[36l" |
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745 | |
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746 | This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, |
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747 | but if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo |
|
|
748 | value properly reflects that. |
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749 | |
|
|
750 | The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace |
|
|
751 | problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, |
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|
752 | the Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the |
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753 | vt100 for Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied |
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|
754 | termcap/terminfo. |
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755 | |
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|
756 | Some other Backspace problems: |
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757 | |
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|
758 | some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told) |
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759 | expect Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for |
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760 | help. |
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761 | |
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|
762 | Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner. |
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763 | |
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764 | I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them? |
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|
765 | There are some compile-time selections available via configure. |
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|
766 | Unless you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources" |
|
|
767 | option you can use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings |
|
|
768 | associated with keysyms. |
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|
769 | |
|
|
770 | Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "rxvt -name |
|
|
771 | URxvt" |
|
|
772 | |
|
|
773 | URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~ |
|
|
774 | URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~ |
|
|
775 | URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'> |
|
|
776 | URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/> |
|
|
777 | URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;> |
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|
778 | URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`> |
|
|
779 | URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,> |
|
|
780 | URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.> |
|
|
781 | URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`> |
|
|
782 | URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab> |
|
|
783 | URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return> |
|
|
784 | URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return> |
|
|
785 | URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space> |
|
|
786 | URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up> |
|
|
787 | URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down> |
|
|
788 | URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left> |
|
|
789 | URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right> |
|
|
790 | URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 > |
|
|
791 | URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz > |
|
|
792 | URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007 |
|
|
793 | |
|
|
794 | See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource. |
|
|
795 | |
|
|
796 | I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How |
|
|
797 | do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the |
|
|
798 | following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize. |
|
|
799 | KP_Insert == Insert |
|
|
800 | F22 == Print |
|
|
801 | F27 == Home |
|
|
802 | F29 == Prior |
|
|
803 | F33 == End |
|
|
804 | F35 == Next |
|
|
805 | |
|
|
806 | Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various |
|
|
807 | possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap |
|
|
808 | the keys as required for your particular machine. |
|
|
809 | |
|
|
810 | How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm? |
|
|
811 | I need this to decide about setting colors etc. |
|
|
812 | rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you |
|
|
813 | can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED, |
|
|
814 | slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide |
|
|
815 | whether or not to use color. |
|
|
816 | |
|
|
817 | How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable? |
|
|
818 | If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled |
|
|
819 | insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script |
|
|
820 | snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of |
|
|
821 | rxvt-unicode wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in |
|
|
822 | these snippets) then the COLORTERM variable can be used to |
|
|
823 | distinguish rxvt-unicode from a regular xterm. |
|
|
824 | |
|
|
825 | Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell |
|
|
826 | script snippets: |
|
|
827 | |
|
|
828 | # Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells: |
|
|
829 | [ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know |
|
|
830 | if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then |
|
|
831 | stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not |
|
|
832 | echo -n '^[Z' |
|
|
833 | read term_id |
|
|
834 | stty icanon echo |
|
|
835 | if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then |
|
|
836 | echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string |
|
|
837 | read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell |
|
|
838 | fi |
|
|
839 | fi |
|
|
840 | |
|
|
841 | How do I compile the manual pages for myself? |
|
|
842 | You need to have a recent version of perl installed as |
|
|
843 | /usr/bin/perl, one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html. |
|
|
844 | Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc". |
|
|
845 | |
|
|
846 | My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human? |
|
|
847 | Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net", |
|
|
848 | channel "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might |
|
|
849 | be interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not |
|
|
850 | FAQs :). |
|
|
851 | |
|
|