1 | FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS |
1 | RXVT-UNICODE/URXVT FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS |
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2 | Meta, Features & Commandline Issues |
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3 | My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human? |
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4 | Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net", channel |
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5 | "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be |
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6 | interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :). |
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7 | |
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8 | I use Gentoo, and I have a problem... |
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9 | There are three big problems with Gentoo Linux: first of all, most if |
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10 | not all Gentoo systems are completely broken (missing or mismatched |
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11 | header files, broken compiler etc. are just the tip of the iceberg); |
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12 | secondly, the Gentoo maintainer thinks it is a good idea to add broken |
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13 | patches to the code; and lastly, it should be called Gentoo GNU/Linux. |
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14 | |
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15 | For these reasons, it is impossible to support rxvt-unicode on Gentoo. |
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16 | Problems appearing on Gentoo systems will usually simply be ignored |
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17 | unless they can be reproduced on non-Gentoo systems. |
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18 | |
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19 | Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode? |
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20 | Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a |
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21 | simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these |
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22 | should give you tabs: |
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23 | |
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24 | urxvt -pe tabbed |
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25 | |
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26 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed |
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27 | |
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28 | It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window |
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29 | managers or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow |
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30 | it to be embedded into other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed |
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31 | or the upcoming "Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt |
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32 | (murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application. |
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33 | |
2 | How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using? |
34 | How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using? |
3 | The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape |
35 | The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape |
4 | sequence "ESC[8n" sets the window title to the version number. |
36 | sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number. When |
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37 | using the urxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the daemon. |
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38 | |
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39 | Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that? |
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40 | Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something |
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41 | you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings |
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42 | that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by |
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43 | design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be |
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44 | loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your |
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45 | characters. |
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46 | |
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47 | Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger |
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48 | scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will use 6 |
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49 | bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a |
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50 | kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if |
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51 | full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3" it gets |
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52 | worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell. |
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53 | |
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54 | How can I start urxvtd in a race-free way? |
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55 | Try "urxvtd -f -o", which tells urxvtd to open the display, create the |
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56 | listening socket and then fork. |
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57 | |
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58 | How can I start urxvtd automatically when I run urxvtc? |
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59 | If you want to start urxvtd automatically whenever you run urxvtc and |
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60 | the daemon isn't running yet, use this script: |
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61 | |
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62 | #!/bin/sh |
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63 | urxvtc "$@" |
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64 | if [ $? -eq 2 ]; then |
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65 | urxvtd -q -o -f |
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66 | urxvtc "$@" |
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67 | fi |
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68 | |
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69 | This tries to create a new terminal, and if fails with exit status 2, |
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70 | meaning it couldn't connect to the daemon, it will start the daemon and |
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71 | re-run the command. Subsequent invocations of the script will re-use the |
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72 | existing daemon. |
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73 | |
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74 | How do I distinguish whether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular |
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75 | xterm? I need this to decide about setting colours etc. |
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76 | The original rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable |
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77 | "COLORTERM", so you can check and see if that is set. Note that several |
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78 | programs, JED, slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this |
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79 | variable to decide whether or not to use colour. |
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80 | |
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81 | How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable? |
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82 | If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled |
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83 | insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script |
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84 | snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode |
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85 | wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets) |
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86 | then the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from |
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87 | a regular xterm. |
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88 | |
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89 | Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script |
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90 | snippets: |
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91 | |
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92 | # Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells: |
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93 | [ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know |
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94 | if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then |
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95 | stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not |
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96 | echo -n '^[Z' |
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97 | read term_id |
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98 | stty icanon echo |
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99 | if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then |
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100 | echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string |
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101 | read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell |
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102 | fi |
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103 | fi |
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104 | |
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105 | How do I compile the manual pages on my own? |
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106 | You need to have a recent version of perl installed as /usr/bin/perl, |
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107 | one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2xhtml (from Pod::Xhtml). |
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108 | Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc". |
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109 | |
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110 | Isn't rxvt-unicode supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat? |
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111 | I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra |
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112 | bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see |
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113 | that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always |
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114 | being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after |
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115 | startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is a bit |
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116 | unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding conversion, |
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117 | iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode. |
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118 | |
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119 | text data bss drs rss filename |
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120 | 98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything |
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121 | 188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything |
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122 | |
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123 | When you "--enable-everything" (which *is* unfair, as this involves xft |
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124 | and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my |
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125 | libc), the two diverge, but not unreasonably so. |
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126 | |
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127 | text data bss drs rss filename |
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128 | 163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything |
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129 | 1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything |
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130 | |
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131 | The very large size of the text section is explained by the east-asian |
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132 | encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but nothing else |
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133 | and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core fonts that use those |
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134 | encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k emergency buffer that my c++ |
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135 | compiler allocates (but of course doesn't use unless you are out of |
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136 | memory). Also, using an xft font instead of a core font immediately adds |
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137 | a few megabytes of RSS. Xft indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even |
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138 | when not used. |
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139 | |
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140 | Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of |
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141 | one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use |
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142 | more memory. |
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143 | |
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144 | Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k), this |
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145 | still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like |
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146 | gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole |
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147 | (22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half |
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148 | a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits |
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149 | out), it fares extremely well *g*. |
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150 | |
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151 | Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool? |
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152 | Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I |
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153 | had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a |
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154 | fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put |
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155 | even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++. |
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156 | |
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157 | My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but in |
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158 | the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability limits |
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159 | are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale support and |
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160 | unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than C++ itself. |
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161 | |
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162 | Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write programs |
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163 | in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to write programs in |
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164 | C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large libraries, but this is |
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165 | not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is what rxvt links against on my |
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166 | system with a minimal config: |
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167 | |
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168 | libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000) |
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169 | libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000) |
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170 | libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000) |
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171 | /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000) |
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172 | |
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173 | And here is rxvt-unicode: |
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174 | |
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175 | libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000) |
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176 | libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000) |
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177 | libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000) |
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178 | libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000) |
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179 | /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000) |
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180 | |
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181 | No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically), |
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182 | except maybe libX11 :) |
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183 | |
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184 | Rendering, Font & Look and Feel Issues |
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185 | I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong? |
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186 | First of all, please address all transparency related issues to Sasha |
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187 | Vasko at sasha@aftercode.net and do not bug the author about it. Also, |
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188 | if you can't get it working consider it a rite of passage: ... and you |
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189 | failed. |
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190 | |
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191 | Here are four ways to get transparency. Do read the manpage and option |
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192 | descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it! |
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193 | |
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194 | 1. Use transparent mode: |
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195 | |
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196 | Esetroot wallpaper.jpg |
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197 | urxvt -tr -tint red -sh 40 |
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198 | |
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199 | That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting |
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200 | support, or you are unable to read. |
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201 | |
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202 | 2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you |
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203 | to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever |
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204 | your picture with gimp or any other tool: |
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205 | |
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206 | convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.jpg |
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207 | urxvt -pixmap "background.jpg;:root" |
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208 | |
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209 | That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack AfterImage support, or you |
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210 | are unable to read. |
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211 | |
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212 | 3. Use an ARGB visual: |
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213 | |
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214 | urxvt -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc |
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215 | |
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216 | This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that |
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217 | doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't |
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218 | there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the |
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219 | necessary bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work, but |
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220 | that doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place. |
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221 | |
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222 | 4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job: |
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223 | |
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224 | xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \ |
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225 | -set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000 |
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226 | |
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227 | Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace 0xc0000000 |
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228 | by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and |
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229 | your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces. |
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230 | |
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231 | Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings? |
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232 | Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that |
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233 | character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal |
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234 | use might contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode |
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235 | will avoid these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too |
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236 | wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent |
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237 | characters. |
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238 | |
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239 | All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes, |
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240 | however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed |
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241 | bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct |
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242 | way is to ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is |
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243 | wrong in these cases). |
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244 | |
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245 | It's not clear (to me at least), whether this is a bug in Xft, freetype, |
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246 | or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try |
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247 | using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If that doesn't |
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248 | work, you might be forced to use a different font. |
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249 | |
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250 | All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their |
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251 | bounding box data is correct. |
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252 | |
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253 | How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much? |
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254 | First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings |
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255 | ("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then |
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256 | make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise |
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257 | rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect: |
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258 | |
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259 | URxvt.colorBD: white |
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260 | URxvt.colorIT: green |
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261 | |
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262 | Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that? |
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263 | For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird |
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264 | colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the |
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265 | standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of |
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266 | course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very |
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267 | good reasons. |
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268 | |
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269 | In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo |
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270 | definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which will |
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271 | fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features. |
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272 | |
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273 | Can I switch the fonts at runtime? |
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274 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the |
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275 | same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect immediately: |
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276 | |
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277 | printf '\33]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic" |
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278 | |
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279 | This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a |
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280 | japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where |
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281 | japanese fonts would only be in your way. |
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282 | |
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283 | You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching. |
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284 | |
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285 | Why do italic characters look as if clipped? |
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286 | Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For |
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287 | example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera Sans |
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288 | Mono" completely fails in its italic face. A workaround might be to |
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289 | enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this: |
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290 | |
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291 | URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true |
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292 | URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true |
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293 | |
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294 | Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow? |
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295 | Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as it |
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296 | is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable |
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297 | antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves lots of |
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298 | memory and also speeds up rendering considerably. |
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299 | |
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300 | Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong? |
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301 | Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to |
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302 | fall back to its default font search list it will prefer X11 core fonts, |
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303 | because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has |
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304 | antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they |
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305 | look best that way. |
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306 | |
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307 | If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually. |
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308 | |
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309 | What's with this bold/blink stuff? |
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310 | If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using the |
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311 | standard foreground colour. |
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312 | |
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313 | For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the text |
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314 | blink when compiled with "--enable-text-blink". Without |
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315 | "--enable-text-blink", the blink attribute will be ignored. |
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316 | |
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317 | On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity |
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318 | foreground/background colours. |
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319 | |
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320 | color0-7 are the low-intensity colours. |
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321 | |
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322 | color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colours. |
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323 | |
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324 | I don't like the screen colours. How do I change them? |
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325 | You can change the screen colours at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults |
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326 | resources (or as long-options). |
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327 | |
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328 | Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, including |
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329 | the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow: |
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330 | |
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331 | URxvt.color0: #000000 |
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332 | URxvt.color1: #A80000 |
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333 | URxvt.color2: #00A800 |
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334 | URxvt.color3: #A8A800 |
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335 | URxvt.color4: #0000A8 |
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336 | URxvt.color5: #A800A8 |
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337 | URxvt.color6: #00A8A8 |
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338 | URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8 |
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339 | |
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340 | URxvt.color8: #000054 |
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341 | URxvt.color9: #FF0054 |
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342 | URxvt.color10: #00FF54 |
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343 | URxvt.color11: #FFFF54 |
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344 | URxvt.color12: #0000FF |
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345 | URxvt.color13: #FF00FF |
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346 | URxvt.color14: #00FFFF |
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347 | URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF |
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348 | |
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349 | And here is a more complete set of non-standard colours. |
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350 | |
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351 | URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1 |
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352 | URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1 |
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353 | URxvt.background: #0e0e0e |
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354 | URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1 |
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355 | URxvt.color0: #000000 |
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356 | URxvt.color8: #8b8f93 |
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357 | URxvt.color1: #dc74d1 |
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358 | URxvt.color9: #dc74d1 |
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359 | URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7 |
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360 | URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7 |
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361 | URxvt.color3: #dfe37e |
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362 | URxvt.color11: #dfe37e |
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363 | URxvt.color5: #9e88f0 |
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|
364 | URxvt.color13: #9e88f0 |
|
|
365 | URxvt.color6: #73f7ff |
|
|
366 | URxvt.color14: #73f7ff |
|
|
367 | URxvt.color7: #e1dddd |
|
|
368 | URxvt.color15: #e1dddd |
|
|
369 | |
|
|
370 | They have been described (not by me) as "pretty girly". |
|
|
371 | |
|
|
372 | Why do some characters look so much different than others? |
|
|
373 | See next entry. |
|
|
374 | |
|
|
375 | How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts? |
|
|
376 | Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine. |
|
|
377 | Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of your |
|
|
378 | system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want to |
|
|
379 | display. |
|
|
380 | |
|
|
381 | rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font. |
|
|
382 | Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks |
|
|
383 | bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't |
|
|
384 | resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial |
|
|
385 | intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe |
|
|
386 | the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct. |
|
|
387 | |
|
|
388 | In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list, |
|
|
389 | e.g.: |
|
|
390 | |
|
|
391 | urxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3... |
|
|
392 | |
|
|
393 | When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base font. |
|
|
394 | If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the next |
|
|
395 | font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this |
|
|
396 | search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server. |
|
|
397 | |
|
|
398 | The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the |
|
|
399 | base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size, |
|
|
400 | which must be the same due to the way terminals work. |
|
|
401 | |
|
|
402 | Why do some chinese characters look so different than others? |
|
|
403 | This is because there is a difference between script and language -- |
|
|
404 | rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is, as |
|
|
405 | it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first sees a |
|
|
406 | japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for display. |
|
|
407 | Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many chinese |
|
|
408 | characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first |
|
|
409 | non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese |
|
|
410 | font -- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font |
|
|
411 | for chinese characters that are also in the japanese font. |
|
|
412 | |
|
|
413 | The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font |
|
|
414 | list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as a |
|
|
415 | preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font |
|
|
416 | first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first. |
|
|
417 | |
|
|
418 | In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at |
|
|
419 | runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different |
|
|
420 | fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this |
|
|
421 | has been designed yet). |
|
|
422 | |
|
|
423 | Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see "Can |
|
|
424 | I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document). |
|
|
425 | |
|
|
426 | How can I make mplayer display video correctly? |
|
|
427 | We are working on it, in the meantime, as a workaround, use something |
|
|
428 | like: |
|
|
429 | |
|
|
430 | urxvt -b 600 -geometry 20x1 -e sh -c 'mplayer -wid $WINDOWID file...' |
|
|
431 | |
|
|
432 | Keyboard, Mouse & User Interaction |
|
|
433 | The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select single words? |
|
|
434 | If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following |
|
|
435 | setting: |
|
|
436 | |
|
|
437 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+) |
|
|
438 | |
|
|
439 | If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more and |
|
|
440 | more. |
|
|
441 | |
|
|
442 | To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this |
|
|
443 | pattern: |
|
|
444 | |
|
|
445 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+) |
|
|
446 | |
|
|
447 | Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClick* combination also |
|
|
448 | selects words like the old code. |
|
|
449 | |
|
|
450 | I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I change/disable it? |
|
|
451 | You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the |
|
|
452 | perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps |
|
|
453 | rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory. |
|
|
454 | |
|
|
455 | If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to |
|
|
456 | identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section |
|
|
457 | PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the urxvtperl(3) manpage. For example, to |
|
|
458 | disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify this |
|
|
459 | perl-ext-common resource: |
|
|
460 | |
|
|
461 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup |
|
|
462 | |
|
|
463 | This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup |
|
|
464 | extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example, |
|
|
465 | scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any other |
|
|
466 | combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback resource: |
|
|
467 | |
|
|
468 | URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s |
|
|
469 | |
|
|
470 | The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how do I switch this off? |
|
|
471 | See next entry. |
|
|
472 | |
|
|
473 | During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this? |
|
|
474 | These are caused by the "readline" perl extension. Under normal |
|
|
475 | circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the |
|
|
476 | line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment, |
|
|
477 | but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in |
|
|
478 | some cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly. |
|
|
479 | |
|
|
480 | You can permanently switch this feature off by disabling the "readline" |
|
|
481 | extension: |
|
|
482 | |
|
|
483 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline |
|
|
484 | |
|
|
485 | My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output? |
|
|
486 | Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no |
|
|
487 | specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is |
|
|
488 | caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of whether and |
|
|
489 | how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a |
|
|
490 | compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please |
|
|
491 | report if that helped. |
|
|
492 | |
|
|
493 | My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working. |
|
|
494 | The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set |
|
|
495 | correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported by your |
|
|
496 | input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and your input |
|
|
497 | method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys) does not |
|
|
498 | support this (for instance because it is not visual), then rxvt-unicode |
|
|
499 | will continue without an input method. |
|
|
500 | |
|
|
501 | In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more than |
|
|
502 | one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None. |
|
|
503 | |
|
|
504 | If it still doesn't work, then maybe your input method doesn't support |
|
|
505 | compose sequences - to fall back to the built-in one, make sure you |
|
|
506 | don't specify an input method via "-im" or "XMODIFIERS". |
|
|
507 | |
|
|
508 | I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755 |
|
|
509 | Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on |
|
|
510 | international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your |
|
|
511 | advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for |
|
|
512 | other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default telnet |
|
|
513 | escape character and so on. |
|
|
514 | |
|
|
515 | Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works. |
|
|
516 | Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing some |
|
|
517 | editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've heard |
|
|
518 | that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A quick |
|
|
519 | check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are |
|
|
520 | depressed. |
|
|
521 | |
|
|
522 | What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour? |
|
|
523 | Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the Backspace |
|
|
524 | keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following question) there are |
|
|
525 | two standard values that can be used for Backspace: "^H" and "^?". |
|
|
526 | |
|
|
527 | Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the |
|
|
528 | debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one and only |
|
|
529 | correct choice :). |
|
|
530 | |
|
|
531 | Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the |
|
|
532 | value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode |
|
|
533 | wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote shell), |
|
|
534 | then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to CERASE in |
|
|
535 | <termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as your stty |
|
|
536 | setting). |
|
|
537 | |
|
|
538 | For starting a new rxvt-unicode: |
|
|
539 | |
|
|
540 | # use Backspace = ^H |
|
|
541 | $ stty erase ^H |
|
|
542 | $ urxvt |
|
|
543 | |
|
|
544 | # use Backspace = ^? |
|
|
545 | $ stty erase ^? |
|
|
546 | $ urxvt |
|
|
547 | |
|
|
548 | Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l". |
|
|
549 | |
|
|
550 | For an existing rxvt-unicode: |
|
|
551 | |
|
|
552 | # use Backspace = ^H |
|
|
553 | $ stty erase ^H |
|
|
554 | $ echo -n "^[[36h" |
|
|
555 | |
|
|
556 | # use Backspace = ^? |
|
|
557 | $ stty erase ^? |
|
|
558 | $ echo -n "^[[36l" |
|
|
559 | |
|
|
560 | This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but |
|
|
561 | if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo value |
|
|
562 | properly reflects that. |
|
|
563 | |
|
|
564 | The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace |
|
|
565 | problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the |
|
|
566 | Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for |
|
|
567 | Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo. |
|
|
568 | |
|
|
569 | Some other Backspace problems: |
|
|
570 | |
|
|
571 | some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told) expect |
|
|
572 | Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help. |
|
|
573 | |
|
|
574 | Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner. |
|
|
575 | |
|
|
576 | I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them? |
|
|
577 | There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless |
|
|
578 | you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources" option you can |
|
|
579 | use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with |
|
|
580 | keysyms. |
|
|
581 | |
|
|
582 | Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "urxvt -name URxvt" |
|
|
583 | |
|
|
584 | URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~ |
|
|
585 | URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~ |
|
|
586 | URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'> |
|
|
587 | URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/> |
|
|
588 | URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;> |
|
|
589 | URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`> |
|
|
590 | URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,> |
|
|
591 | URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.> |
|
|
592 | URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`> |
|
|
593 | URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab> |
|
|
594 | URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return> |
|
|
595 | URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return> |
|
|
596 | URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space> |
|
|
597 | URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up> |
|
|
598 | URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down> |
|
|
599 | URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left> |
|
|
600 | URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right> |
|
|
601 | URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 > |
|
|
602 | URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz > |
|
|
603 | URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007 |
|
|
604 | |
|
|
605 | See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource. |
|
|
606 | |
|
|
607 | I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the following map |
|
|
608 | KP_Insert == Insert |
|
|
609 | F22 == Print |
|
|
610 | F27 == Home |
|
|
611 | F29 == Prior |
|
|
612 | F33 == End |
|
|
613 | F35 == Next |
|
|
614 | |
|
|
615 | Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various |
|
|
616 | possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the |
|
|
617 | keys as required for your particular machine. |
|
|
618 | |
|
|
619 | Terminal Configuration |
|
|
620 | Can I see a typical configuration? |
|
|
621 | The default configuration tries to be xterm-like, which I don't like |
|
|
622 | that much, but it's least surprise to regular users. |
|
|
623 | |
|
|
624 | As a rxvt or rxvt-unicode user, you are practically supposed to invest |
|
|
625 | time into customising your terminal. To get you started, here is the |
|
|
626 | author's .Xdefaults entries, with comments on what they do. It's |
|
|
627 | certainly not *typical*, but what's typical... |
|
|
628 | |
|
|
629 | URxvt.cutchars: "()*,<>[]{}|' |
|
|
630 | URxvt.print-pipe: cat >/tmp/xxx |
|
|
631 | |
|
|
632 | These are just for testing stuff. |
|
|
633 | |
|
|
634 | URxvt.imLocale: ja_JP.UTF-8 |
|
|
635 | URxvt.preeditType: OnTheSpot,None |
|
|
636 | |
|
|
637 | This tells rxvt-unicode to use a special locale when communicating with |
|
|
638 | the X Input Method, and also tells it to only use the OnTheSpot pre-edit |
|
|
639 | type, which requires the "xim-onthespot" perl extension but rewards me |
|
|
640 | with correct-looking fonts. |
|
|
641 | |
|
|
642 | URxvt.perl-lib: /root/lib/urxvt |
|
|
643 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,selection-autotransform,selection-pastebin,xim-onthespot,remote-clipboard |
|
|
644 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ( at .*? line \\d+) |
|
|
645 | URxvt.selection.pattern-1: ^(/[^:]+):\ |
|
|
646 | URxvt.selection-autotransform.0: s/^([^:[:space:]]+):(\\d+):?$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/ |
|
|
647 | URxvt.selection-autotransform.1: s/^ at (.*?) line (\\d+)$/:e \\Q$1\\E\\x0d:$2\\x0d/ |
|
|
648 | |
|
|
649 | This is my perl configuration. The first two set the perl library |
|
|
650 | directory and also tells urxvt to use a large number of extensions. I |
|
|
651 | develop for myself mostly, so I actually use most of the extensions I |
|
|
652 | write. |
|
|
653 | |
|
|
654 | The selection stuff mainly makes the selection perl-error-message aware |
|
|
655 | and tells it to convert perl error messages into vi-commands to load the |
|
|
656 | relevant file and go to the error line number. |
|
|
657 | |
|
|
658 | URxvt.scrollstyle: plain |
|
|
659 | URxvt.secondaryScroll: true |
|
|
660 | |
|
|
661 | As the documentation says: plain is the preferred scrollbar for the |
|
|
662 | author. The "secondaryScroll" configures urxvt to scroll in full-screen |
|
|
663 | apps, like screen, so lines scrolled out of screen end up in urxvt's |
|
|
664 | scrollback buffer. |
|
|
665 | |
|
|
666 | URxvt.background: #000000 |
|
|
667 | URxvt.foreground: gray90 |
|
|
668 | URxvt.color7: gray90 |
|
|
669 | URxvt.colorBD: #ffffff |
|
|
670 | URxvt.cursorColor: #e0e080 |
|
|
671 | URxvt.throughColor: #8080f0 |
|
|
672 | URxvt.highlightColor: #f0f0f0 |
|
|
673 | |
|
|
674 | Some colours. Not sure which ones are being used or even non-defaults, |
|
|
675 | but these are in my .Xdefaults. Most notably, they set |
|
|
676 | foreground/background to light gray/black, and also make sure that the |
|
|
677 | colour 7 matches the default foreground colour. |
|
|
678 | |
|
|
679 | URxvt.underlineColor: yellow |
|
|
680 | |
|
|
681 | Another colour, makes underline lines look different. Sometimes hurts, |
|
|
682 | but is mostly a nice effect. |
|
|
683 | |
|
|
684 | URxvt.geometry: 154x36 |
|
|
685 | URxvt.loginShell: false |
|
|
686 | URxvt.meta: ignore |
|
|
687 | URxvt.utmpInhibit: true |
|
|
688 | |
|
|
689 | Uh, well, should be mostly self-explanatory. By specifying some defaults |
|
|
690 | manually, I can quickly switch them for testing. |
|
|
691 | |
|
|
692 | URxvt.saveLines: 8192 |
|
|
693 | |
|
|
694 | A large scrollback buffer is essential. Really. |
|
|
695 | |
|
|
696 | URxvt.mapAlert: true |
|
|
697 | |
|
|
698 | The only case I use it is for my IRC window, which I like to keep |
|
|
699 | iconified till people msg me (which beeps). |
|
|
700 | |
|
|
701 | URxvt.visualBell: true |
|
|
702 | |
|
|
703 | The audible bell is often annoying, especially when in a crowd. |
|
|
704 | |
|
|
705 | URxvt.insecure: true |
|
|
706 | |
|
|
707 | Please don't hack my mutt! Ooops... |
|
|
708 | |
|
|
709 | URxvt.pastableTabs: false |
|
|
710 | |
|
|
711 | I once thought this is a great idea. |
|
|
712 | |
|
|
713 | urxvt.font: 9x15bold,\ |
|
|
714 | -misc-fixed-bold-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1,\ |
|
|
715 | -misc-fixed-medium-r-normal--15-140-75-75-c-90-iso10646-1, \ |
|
|
716 | [codeset=JISX0208]xft:Kochi Gothic, \ |
|
|
717 | xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:autohint=true, \ |
|
|
718 | xft:Code2000:antialias=false |
|
|
719 | urxvt.boldFont: -xos4-terminus-bold-r-normal--14-140-72-72-c-80-iso8859-15 |
|
|
720 | urxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true |
|
|
721 | urxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true |
|
|
722 | |
|
|
723 | I wrote rxvt-unicode to be able to specify fonts exactly. So don't be |
|
|
724 | overwhelmed. A special note: the "9x15bold" mentioned above is actually |
|
|
725 | the version from XFree-3.3, as XFree-4 replaced it by a totally |
|
|
726 | different font (different glyphs for ";" and many other harmless |
|
|
727 | characters), while the second font is actually the "9x15bold" from |
|
|
728 | XFree4/XOrg. The bold version has less chars than the medium version, so |
|
|
729 | I use it for rare characters, too. When editing sources with vim, I use |
|
|
730 | italic for comments and other stuff, which looks quite good with |
|
|
731 | Bitstream Vera anti-aliased. |
|
|
732 | |
|
|
733 | Terminus is a quite bad font (many very wrong glyphs), but for most of |
|
|
734 | my purposes, it works, and gives a different look, as my normal |
|
|
735 | (Non-bold) font is already bold, and I want to see a difference between |
|
|
736 | bold and normal fonts. |
|
|
737 | |
|
|
738 | Please note that I used the "urxvt" instance name and not the "URxvt" |
|
|
739 | class name. That is because I use different configs for different |
|
|
740 | purposes, for example, my IRC window is started with "-name IRC", and |
|
|
741 | uses these defaults: |
|
|
742 | |
|
|
743 | IRC*title: IRC |
|
|
744 | IRC*geometry: 87x12+535+542 |
|
|
745 | IRC*saveLines: 0 |
|
|
746 | IRC*mapAlert: true |
|
|
747 | IRC*font: suxuseuro |
|
|
748 | IRC*boldFont: suxuseuro |
|
|
749 | IRC*colorBD: white |
|
|
750 | IRC*keysym.M-C-1: command:\033]710;suxuseuro\007\033]711;suxuseuro\007 |
|
|
751 | IRC*keysym.M-C-2: command:\033]710;9x15bold\007\033]711;9x15bold\007 |
|
|
752 | |
|
|
753 | "Alt-Ctrl-1" and "Alt-Ctrl-2" switch between two different font sizes. |
|
|
754 | "suxuseuro" allows me to keep an eye (and actually read) stuff while |
|
|
755 | keeping a very small window. If somebody pastes something complicated |
|
|
756 | (e.g. japanese), I temporarily switch to a larger font. |
|
|
757 | |
|
|
758 | The above is all in my ".Xdefaults" (I don't use ".Xresources" nor |
|
|
759 | "xrdb"). I also have some resources in a separate ".Xdefaults-hostname" |
|
|
760 | file for different hosts, for example, on ym main desktop, I use: |
|
|
761 | |
|
|
762 | URxvt.keysym.C-M-q: command:\033[3;5;5t |
|
|
763 | URxvt.keysym.C-M-y: command:\033[3;5;606t |
|
|
764 | URxvt.keysym.C-M-e: command:\033[3;1605;5t |
|
|
765 | URxvt.keysym.C-M-c: command:\033[3;1605;606t |
|
|
766 | URxvt.keysym.C-M-p: perl:test |
|
|
767 | |
|
|
768 | The first for keysym definitions allow me to quickly bring some windows |
|
|
769 | in the layout I like most. Ion users might start laughing but will stop |
|
|
770 | immediately when I tell them that I use my own Fvwm2 module for much the |
|
|
771 | same effect as Ion provides, and I only very rarely use the above key |
|
|
772 | combinations :-> |
|
|
773 | |
|
|
774 | Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources? |
|
|
775 | Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X |
|
|
776 | applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads |
|
|
777 | resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will |
|
|
778 | ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read |
|
|
779 | $HOME/.Xdefaults when no resources are attached to the display. |
|
|
780 | |
|
|
781 | If you have or use an $HOME/.Xresources file, chances are that resources |
|
|
782 | are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to re-login after |
|
|
783 | every change (or run xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources). |
|
|
784 | |
|
|
785 | Also consider the form resources have to use: |
|
|
786 | |
|
|
787 | URxvt.resource: value |
|
|
788 | |
|
|
789 | If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of |
|
|
790 | specifying resources), make sure you understand whether and why it |
|
|
791 | works. If unsure, use the form above. |
|
|
792 | |
6 | When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? |
793 | When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? |
7 | The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely |
794 | The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available |
8 | available as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same |
795 | as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often |
9 | problem often arises). |
796 | arises). |
10 | |
797 | |
11 | The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, |
798 | The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this |
12 | this can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp): |
799 | can be done by simply installing rxvt-unicode on the remote system as |
|
|
800 | well (in case you have a nice package manager ready), or you can install |
|
|
801 | the terminfo database manually like this (with ncurses infocmp. works as |
|
|
802 | user and root): |
13 | |
803 | |
14 | REMOTE=remotesystem.domain |
804 | REMOTE=remotesystem.domain |
15 | infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti" |
805 | infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "mkdir -p .terminfo && cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti" |
16 | |
806 | |
17 | ... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system, |
807 | One some systems you might need to set $TERMINFO to the full path of |
|
|
808 | $HOME/.terminfo for this to work. |
18 | |
809 | |
19 | If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set |
810 | If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set |
20 | "TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of |
811 | "TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of |
21 | problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and |
812 | problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and different |
22 | different colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen |
813 | colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen applications. It's a nice |
23 | applications. It's a nice quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases, |
814 | quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases, though. |
24 | though. |
|
|
25 | |
815 | |
26 | If you always want to do this you can either recompile rxvt-unicode |
816 | If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences) you |
27 | with the desired TERM value or use a resource to set it: |
817 | can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or use a |
|
|
818 | resource to set it: |
28 | |
819 | |
29 | URxvt.termName: rxvt |
820 | URxvt.termName: rxvt |
30 | |
821 | |
31 | If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also |
822 | If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also replace |
32 | replace the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one. |
823 | the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one and use "TERM=rxvt". |
33 | |
824 | |
|
|
825 | nano fails with "Error opening terminal: rxvt-unicode" |
|
|
826 | This exceptionally confusing and useless error message is printed by |
|
|
827 | nano when it can't find the terminfo database. Nothing is wrong with |
|
|
828 | your terminal, read the previous answer for a solution. |
|
|
829 | |
|
|
830 | "tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry. |
|
|
831 | Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it by |
|
|
832 | "enacs=\E[0@" and try again. |
|
|
833 | |
|
|
834 | "bash"'s readline does not work correctly under urxvt. |
|
|
835 | See next entry. |
|
|
836 | |
34 | I need a termcap file entry. |
837 | I need a termcap file entry. |
|
|
838 | One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating |
|
|
839 | systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap |
|
|
840 | library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry |
|
|
841 | for "rxvt-unicode". |
|
|
842 | |
35 | You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many |
843 | You could use rxvt's termcap entry with reasonable results in many |
36 | cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's |
844 | cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's infocmp |
37 | infocmp program like this: |
845 | program like this: |
38 | |
846 | |
39 | infocmp -C rxvt-unicode |
847 | infocmp -C rxvt-unicode |
40 | |
848 | |
41 | OR you could this termcap entry: |
849 | Or you could use the termcap entry in doc/etc/rxvt-unicode.termcap, |
|
|
850 | generated by the command above. |
42 | |
851 | |
43 | rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\ |
|
|
44 | :am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\ |
|
|
45 | :co#80:it#8:li#24:\ |
|
|
46 | :AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\ |
|
|
47 | :K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\ |
|
|
48 | :RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=^O:al=\E[L:\ |
|
|
49 | :as=^N:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:\ |
|
|
50 | :cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:dl=\E[M:do=^J:\ |
|
|
51 | :ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:\ |
|
|
52 | :im=\E[4h:is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\ |
|
|
53 | :k0=\E[21~:k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:\ |
|
|
54 | :k5=\E[15~:k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:\ |
|
|
55 | :kD=\E[3~:kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:\ |
|
|
56 | :ke=\E[?1l\E>:kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:\ |
|
|
57 | :ku=\EOA:le=^H:mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:\ |
|
|
58 | :nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:\ |
|
|
59 | :st=\EH:ta=^I:te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:\ |
|
|
60 | :up=\E[A:us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\ |
|
|
61 | :vs=\E[?25h: |
|
|
62 | |
|
|
63 | Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output? |
852 | Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output? |
64 | The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to |
853 | The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to |
65 | decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration |
854 | decide whether a terminal has colour, but uses its own configuration |
66 | file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file |
855 | file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in its default file (among |
67 | (among with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add: |
856 | with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add: |
68 | |
857 | |
69 | TERM rxvt-unicode |
858 | TERM rxvt-unicode |
70 | |
859 | |
71 | to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add: |
860 | to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add: |
72 | |
861 | |
73 | alias ls='ls --color=auto' |
862 | alias ls='ls --color=auto' |
74 | |
863 | |
75 | to your ".profile" or ".bashrc". |
864 | to your ".profile" or ".bashrc". |
76 | |
865 | |
77 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode? |
866 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode? |
|
|
867 | See next entry. |
|
|
868 | |
78 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic? |
869 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic? |
|
|
870 | See next entry. |
|
|
871 | |
79 | Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly? |
872 | Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly? |
80 | Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged |
873 | Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged |
81 | distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by |
874 | distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by |
82 | setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features. |
875 | setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features. |
83 | Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux) |
876 | Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux) |
84 | furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file, |
877 | furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file, so |
85 | so you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I |
878 | you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I log-in |
86 | log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on |
879 | to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on how to do |
87 | how to do this). |
880 | this). |
88 | |
881 | |
|
|
882 | Encoding / Locale / Input Method Issues |
89 | Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding? |
883 | Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding? |
|
|
884 | See next entry. |
|
|
885 | |
90 | Unicode does not seem to work? |
886 | Unicode does not seem to work? |
91 | If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character |
887 | If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but |
92 | but getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program |
888 | getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output |
93 | output is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale |
889 | is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings. |
94 | settings. |
|
|
95 | |
890 | |
96 | Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the |
891 | Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the |
97 | programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the |
892 | programs running in it. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, |
98 | login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the |
893 | while the login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes |
99 | locale to sth. else, e.h. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this is |
894 | the locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this |
100 | not going to work. |
895 | is not going to work, and is the most common cause for problems. |
101 | |
896 | |
102 | The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will |
897 | The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will likely |
103 | likely run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in |
898 | run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in your |
104 | your .profile. |
899 | .profile. |
105 | |
900 | |
106 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE" |
901 | printf '\33]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE" # $LANG or $LC_ALL are worth a try, too |
107 | |
902 | |
108 | If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification |
903 | If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification not |
109 | not supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command |
904 | supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command which |
110 | which displays this. If it displays sth. like: |
905 | displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale settings, as |
|
|
906 | it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). If it displays |
|
|
907 | something like: |
111 | |
908 | |
112 | locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ... |
909 | locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ... |
113 | |
910 | |
114 | Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system. |
911 | Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system. |
115 | |
912 | |
116 | If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly |
913 | If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then |
117 | then you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs |
914 | you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't |
118 | just don't support locales :( |
915 | support locales :( |
119 | |
916 | |
120 | Why do some characters look so much different than others? |
|
|
121 | How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts? |
|
|
122 | Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine. |
|
|
123 | Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of |
|
|
124 | your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you |
|
|
125 | want to display. |
|
|
126 | |
|
|
127 | rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font. |
|
|
128 | Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks bad. |
|
|
129 | Many fonts have totally strange characters that don't resemble the |
|
|
130 | correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial |
|
|
131 | intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to |
|
|
132 | believe the font that the characters it contains indeed look |
|
|
133 | correct. |
|
|
134 | |
|
|
135 | In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font |
|
|
136 | list, e.g.: |
|
|
137 | |
|
|
138 | rxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3... |
|
|
139 | |
|
|
140 | When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base |
|
|
141 | font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to |
|
|
142 | the next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed |
|
|
143 | up this search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the |
|
|
144 | X-server. |
|
|
145 | |
|
|
146 | The only limitation is that all the fonts must not be larger than |
|
|
147 | the base font, as the base font defines the principal cell size, |
|
|
148 | which must be the same due to the way terminals work. |
|
|
149 | |
|
|
150 | Why do some chinese characters look so different than others? |
|
|
151 | This is because there is a difference between script and language -- |
|
|
152 | rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output |
|
|
153 | is, as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode |
|
|
154 | first sees a japanese character, it might choose a japanese font for |
|
|
155 | it. Subsequent japanese characters will take that font. Now, many |
|
|
156 | chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the |
|
|
157 | first non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a |
|
|
158 | chinese font -- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the |
|
|
159 | japanese font for japanese characters that are also chinese. |
|
|
160 | |
|
|
161 | The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your |
|
|
162 | font list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font |
|
|
163 | list as a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a |
|
|
164 | japanese font first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font |
|
|
165 | first. |
|
|
166 | |
|
|
167 | In the future it might be possible to switch preferences at runtime |
|
|
168 | (the internal data structure has no problem with using different |
|
|
169 | fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for |
|
|
170 | this has been designed yet). |
|
|
171 | |
|
|
172 | Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings? |
|
|
173 | Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that |
|
|
174 | character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for |
|
|
175 | terminal use might contain some characters that are simply too wide. |
|
|
176 | Rxvt-unicode will avoid these characters. For characters that are |
|
|
177 | just "a bit" too wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used |
|
|
178 | that redraws adjacent characters. |
|
|
179 | |
|
|
180 | All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes, |
|
|
181 | however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed |
|
|
182 | bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the |
|
|
183 | correct way is to ask for the character bounding box, which |
|
|
184 | unfortunately is wrong in these cases). |
|
|
185 | |
|
|
186 | It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft, |
|
|
187 | freetype, or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you |
|
|
188 | might try using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If |
|
|
189 | that doesn't work, you might be forced to use a different font. |
|
|
190 | |
|
|
191 | All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their |
|
|
192 | bounding box data is correct. |
|
|
193 | |
|
|
194 | My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working. |
|
|
195 | The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not |
|
|
196 | set correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported |
|
|
197 | by your input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and |
|
|
198 | your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose |
|
|
199 | keys) does not support this (for instance because it is not visual), |
|
|
200 | then rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method. |
|
|
201 | |
|
|
202 | In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more |
|
|
203 | than one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None. |
|
|
204 | |
|
|
205 | I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO |
|
|
206 | 14755 |
|
|
207 | Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on |
|
|
208 | international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your |
|
|
209 | advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for |
|
|
210 | other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default |
|
|
211 | telnet escape character and so on. |
|
|
212 | |
|
|
213 | How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much? |
|
|
214 | First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminfo |
|
|
215 | ("urxvt"), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then make |
|
|
216 | sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise |
|
|
217 | rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect: |
|
|
218 | |
|
|
219 | URxvt*colorBD: white |
|
|
220 | URxvt*colorIT: green |
|
|
221 | |
|
|
222 | Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how |
|
|
223 | can I fix that? |
|
|
224 | For some unexplainable reason, some programs (i.e. irssi) assume a |
|
|
225 | very weird colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more |
|
|
226 | than the standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right |
|
|
227 | fix is, of course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO |
|
|
228 | colours without very good reasons. |
|
|
229 | |
|
|
230 | In the meantime, you can either edit your "urxvt" terminfo |
|
|
231 | definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which |
|
|
232 | will fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode |
|
|
233 | features. |
|
|
234 | |
|
|
235 | I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all. |
|
|
236 | Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined |
|
|
237 | in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements |
|
|
238 | it, wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__" |
|
|
239 | requires that wchar_t is represented as unicode. |
|
|
240 | |
|
|
241 | As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl |
|
|
242 | nor does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal |
|
|
243 | representation of wchar_t. This is, of course, completely legal. |
|
|
244 | |
|
|
245 | However, "__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support |
|
|
246 | multi-language apps in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and |
|
|
247 | non-standardized) representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to |
|
|
248 | convert between wchar_t (as used by X11 and your applications) and |
|
|
249 | any other encoding without implementing OS-specific-wrappers for |
|
|
250 | each and every locale. There simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t |
|
|
251 | into anything except the current locale encoding. |
|
|
252 | |
|
|
253 | Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this |
|
|
254 | by carrying their own replacement functions for character set |
|
|
255 | handling with them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or |
|
|
256 | doing multiple conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the |
|
|
257 | OS implements encodings slightly different than the terminal |
|
|
258 | emulator). |
|
|
259 | |
|
|
260 | The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in |
|
|
261 | the system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app |
|
|
262 | to carry complete replacements. |
|
|
263 | |
|
|
264 | How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use? |
917 | How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use? |
|
|
918 | See next entry. |
|
|
919 | |
265 | Is there an option to switch encodings? |
920 | Is there an option to switch encodings? |
266 | Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, |
921 | Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no |
267 | and no specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't |
922 | specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know |
268 | even know about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to |
923 | about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O. |
269 | terminal I/O. |
|
|
270 | |
924 | |
271 | The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for |
925 | The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for |
272 | selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating |
926 | selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating |
273 | this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties |
927 | this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties |
274 | such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*. |
928 | such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*. |
|
|
929 | Applications not using that info will have problems (for example, |
|
|
930 | "xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses its own, |
|
|
931 | locale-independent table under all locales). |
275 | |
932 | |
276 | Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding. |
933 | Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding. All |
277 | All programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree |
934 | programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the |
278 | in the interpretation of characters. |
935 | interpretation of characters. |
279 | |
936 | |
280 | Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, |
937 | Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor |
281 | nor is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like. |
938 | is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like. |
282 | |
939 | |
283 | On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable |
940 | On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable |
284 | contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an |
941 | contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed |
285 | already-installed locale. Common names for locales are |
942 | locale. Common names for locales are "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", |
286 | "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e. |
943 | "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e. "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. |
287 | "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. "de" or "german") |
944 | "de" or "german") are also common. |
288 | are also common. |
|
|
289 | |
945 | |
290 | Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the |
946 | Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the |
291 | encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e. |
947 | encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e. |
292 | "de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the same for rxvt-unicode. |
948 | "de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to rxvt-unicode. |
293 | |
949 | |
294 | If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you |
950 | If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start |
295 | start rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category. |
951 | rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category. |
296 | |
952 | |
297 | Can I switch locales at runtime? |
953 | Can I switch locales at runtime? |
298 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try sth. like this, which sets |
954 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets |
299 | rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE". |
955 | rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE". |
300 | |
956 | |
301 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
957 | printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
302 | |
958 | |
303 | See also the previous question. |
959 | See also the previous answer. |
304 | |
960 | |
305 | Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in |
961 | Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in one |
306 | one locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support |
962 | locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it (e.g. |
307 | UTF-8. For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which first |
963 | UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which first |
308 | switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later: |
964 | switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later: |
309 | |
965 | |
310 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
966 | printf '\33]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
311 | xjdic -js |
967 | xjdic -js |
312 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8 |
968 | printf '\33]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8 |
313 | |
969 | |
314 | Can I switch the fonts at runtime? |
970 | You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine, |
315 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try sth. like this, which has the |
971 | except for some locales where character width differs between program- |
316 | same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect immediately: |
972 | and rxvt-unicode-locales. |
317 | |
973 | |
318 | printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic" |
974 | I have problems getting my input method working. |
|
|
975 | Try a search engine, as this is slightly different for every input |
|
|
976 | method server. |
319 | |
977 | |
320 | This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer |
978 | Here is a checklist: |
321 | a japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, |
|
|
322 | where japanese fonts would only be in your way. |
|
|
323 | |
979 | |
324 | You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching. |
980 | - Make sure your locale *and* the imLocale are supported on your OS. |
|
|
981 | Try "locale -a" or check the documentation for your OS. |
325 | |
982 | |
326 | Why do italic characters look as if clipped? |
983 | - Make sure your locale or imLocale matches a locale supported by your |
327 | Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For |
984 | XIM. |
328 | example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera |
985 | For example, kinput2 does not support UTF-8 locales, you should use |
329 | Sans Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround is to |
986 | "ja_JP.EUC-JP" or equivalent. |
330 | enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this: |
|
|
331 | |
987 | |
332 | URxvt*italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true |
988 | - Make sure your XIM server is actually running. |
333 | URxvt*boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true |
989 | - Make sure the "XMODIFIERS" environment variable is set correctly when |
|
|
990 | *starting* rxvt-unicode. |
|
|
991 | When you want to use e.g. kinput2, it must be set to "@im=kinput2". |
|
|
992 | For scim, use "@im=SCIM". You can see what input method servers are |
|
|
993 | running with this command: |
334 | |
994 | |
|
|
995 | xprop -root XIM_SERVERS |
|
|
996 | |
|
|
997 | |
|
|
998 | |
335 | My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do? |
999 | My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do? |
336 | You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest |
1000 | You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of |
337 | of the terminal, using the resource "imlocale": |
1001 | the terminal, using the resource "imlocale": |
338 | |
1002 | |
339 | URxvt*imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP |
1003 | URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP |
340 | |
1004 | |
341 | Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and |
1005 | Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and still |
342 | still use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not |
1006 | use your input method. Please note, however, that, depending on your |
343 | be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then, |
1007 | Xlib version, you may not be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" |
344 | as your input method limits you. |
1008 | in a normal way then, as your input method limits you. |
345 | |
1009 | |
346 | Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that? |
1010 | Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits. |
347 | Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for sth. you |
1011 | Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by |
348 | don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings |
1012 | design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory |
349 | that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by |
1013 | leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at |
350 | design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be |
1014 | exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally succeeds, while |
351 | loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your |
1015 | SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however, crashes |
352 | characters. |
1016 | cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate. |
353 | |
1017 | |
354 | Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger |
1018 | So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers. |
355 | scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will |
|
|
356 | use 6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to |
|
|
357 | almost a kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will |
|
|
358 | then (if full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3" |
|
|
359 | it gets worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell. |
|
|
360 | |
1019 | |
361 | Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow? |
1020 | Operating Systems / Package Maintaining |
362 | Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, |
1021 | I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem... |
363 | as it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to |
1022 | The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large |
364 | disable antialiasing (by appending ":antialiasing=false"), which |
1023 | patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but |
365 | saves lots of memory and also speeds up rendering considerably. |
1024 | unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to |
|
|
1025 | the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine |
|
|
1026 | version (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce |
|
|
1027 | the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific |
|
|
1028 | to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the Debian |
|
|
1029 | Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug). |
366 | |
1030 | |
367 | Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong? |
1031 | For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and |
368 | Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to |
1032 | probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a |
369 | fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core |
1033 | bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users |
370 | fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It |
1034 | that might encounter the same issue. |
371 | has antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author |
|
|
372 | thinks they look best that way. |
|
|
373 | |
1035 | |
374 | If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually. |
1036 | I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any recommendation? |
|
|
1037 | You should build one binary with the default options. configure now |
|
|
1038 | enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them |
|
|
1039 | runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enabling |
|
|
1040 | them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter |
|
|
1041 | should be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely |
|
|
1042 | more in the future) depends on it. |
375 | |
1043 | |
376 | Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works. |
1044 | You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" and "perl-ext" resources |
377 | Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing |
1045 | system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will result in useful |
378 | some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. |
1046 | behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty |
379 | I've heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise |
1047 | "perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the |
380 | specified. A quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt |
1048 | perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it. |
381 | or Shift keys are depressed. See rxvt(7) |
|
|
382 | |
1049 | |
383 | What's with this bold/blink stuff? |
1050 | If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal one |
384 | If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using |
1051 | with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with |
385 | the standard foreground colour. |
1052 | "--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of |
|
|
1053 | encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used). |
386 | |
1054 | |
387 | For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the |
1055 | I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe? |
388 | text blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard |
1056 | It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly |
389 | colours. Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be |
1057 | install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now. |
390 | ignored. |
|
|
391 | |
1058 | |
392 | On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set |
1059 | When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork |
393 | high-intensity foreground/background colors. |
1060 | into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some |
|
|
1061 | systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges |
|
|
1062 | immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep |
|
|
1063 | privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains |
|
|
1064 | things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers). |
394 | |
1065 | |
395 | color0-7 are the low-intensity colors. |
1066 | This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very |
|
|
1067 | early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before |
|
|
1068 | main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should |
|
|
1069 | result in very little risk. |
396 | |
1070 | |
397 | color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors. |
1071 | I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all. |
|
|
1072 | Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined in |
|
|
1073 | your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it, |
|
|
1074 | whether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__" requires that |
|
|
1075 | wchar_t is represented as unicode. |
398 | |
1076 | |
399 | I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them? |
1077 | As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symbol nor |
400 | You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults |
1078 | does it support it. Instead, it uses its own internal representation of |
401 | resources (or as long-options). |
1079 | wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with respect to standards. |
402 | |
1080 | |
403 | Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, |
1081 | However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1" and |
404 | including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow: |
1082 | "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t). |
405 | |
1083 | |
406 | URxvt*color0: #000000 |
1084 | "__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language apps |
407 | URxvt*color1: #A80000 |
1085 | in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized) |
408 | URxvt*color2: #00A800 |
1086 | representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between wchar_t |
409 | URxvt*color3: #A8A800 |
1087 | (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other encoding without |
410 | URxvt*color4: #0000A8 |
1088 | implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and every locale. There |
411 | URxvt*color5: #A800A8 |
1089 | simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into anything except the current |
412 | URxvt*color6: #00A8A8 |
1090 | locale encoding. |
413 | URxvt*color7: #A8A8A8 |
|
|
414 | |
1091 | |
415 | URxvt*color8: #000054 |
1092 | Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this by |
416 | URxvt*color9: #FF0054 |
1093 | carrying their own replacement functions for character set handling with |
417 | URxvt*color10: #00FF54 |
1094 | them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or doing multiple |
418 | URxvt*color11: #FFFF54 |
1095 | conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the OS implements |
419 | URxvt*color12: #0000FF |
1096 | encodings slightly different than the terminal emulator). |
420 | URxvt*color13: #FF00FF |
|
|
421 | URxvt*color14: #00FFFF |
|
|
422 | URxvt*color15: #FFFFFF |
|
|
423 | |
1097 | |
424 | And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described as |
1098 | The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the |
425 | "pretty girly": |
1099 | system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry |
|
|
1100 | complete replacements for them :) |
426 | |
1101 | |
427 | URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1 |
1102 | How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin? |
428 | URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1 |
1103 | rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using the |
429 | URxvt.background: #0e0e0e |
1104 | X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no longer |
430 | URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1 |
1105 | supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a single |
431 | URxvt.color0: #000000 |
1106 | font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or |
432 | URxvt.color8: #8b8f93 |
1107 | "-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as the |
433 | URxvt.color1: #dc74d1 |
1108 | old libW11 emulation. |
434 | URxvt.color9: #dc74d1 |
|
|
435 | URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7 |
|
|
436 | URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7 |
|
|
437 | URxvt.color3: #dfe37e |
|
|
438 | URxvt.color11: #dfe37e |
|
|
439 | URxvt.color5: #9e88f0 |
|
|
440 | URxvt.color13: #9e88f0 |
|
|
441 | URxvt.color6: #73f7ff |
|
|
442 | URxvt.color14: #73f7ff |
|
|
443 | URxvt.color7: #e1dddd |
|
|
444 | URxvt.color15: #e1dddd |
|
|
445 | |
1109 | |
446 | What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour? |
1110 | At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any |
447 | Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the |
1111 | multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are |
448 | BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following |
1112 | likely limited to 8-bit encodings. |
449 | question) there are two standard values that can be used for |
|
|
450 | Backspace: "^H" and "^?". |
|
|
451 | |
1113 | |
452 | Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the |
1114 | Character widths are not correct. |
453 | debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only |
1115 | urxvt uses the system wcwidth function to know the information about the |
454 | only correct choice :). |
1116 | width of characters, so on systems with incorrect locale data you will |
|
|
1117 | likely get bad results. Two notorious examples are Solaris 9, where |
|
|
1118 | single-width characters like U+2514 are reported as double-width, and |
|
|
1119 | Darwin 8, where combining chars are reported having width 1. |
455 | |
1120 | |
456 | Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the |
1121 | The solution is to upgrade your system or switch to a better one. A |
457 | value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode |
1122 | possibly working workaround is to use a wcwidth implementation like |
458 | wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote |
|
|
459 | shell), then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to |
|
|
460 | CERASE in <termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as |
|
|
461 | your stty setting). |
|
|
462 | |
1123 | |
463 | For starting a new rxvt-unicode: |
1124 | http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ucs/wcwidth.c |
464 | |
1125 | |
465 | # use Backspace = ^H |
|
|
466 | $ stty erase ^H |
|
|
467 | $ rxvt |
|
|
468 | |
|
|
469 | # use Backspace = ^? |
|
|
470 | $ stty erase ^? |
|
|
471 | $ rxvt |
|
|
472 | |
|
|
473 | Toggle with "ESC[36h" / "ESC[36l" as documented in rxvt(7). |
|
|
474 | |
|
|
475 | For an existing rxvt-unicode: |
|
|
476 | |
|
|
477 | # use Backspace = ^H |
|
|
478 | $ stty erase ^H |
|
|
479 | $ echo -n "^[[36h" |
|
|
480 | |
|
|
481 | # use Backspace = ^? |
|
|
482 | $ stty erase ^? |
|
|
483 | $ echo -n "^[[36l" |
|
|
484 | |
|
|
485 | This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, |
|
|
486 | but if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo |
|
|
487 | value properly reflects that. |
|
|
488 | |
|
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489 | The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace |
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490 | problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, |
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491 | the Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the |
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492 | vt100 for Execute (ESC[3~) and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo. |
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493 | |
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494 | Some other Backspace problems: |
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495 | |
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496 | some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told) |
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497 | expect Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for |
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498 | help. |
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499 | |
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500 | Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner. |
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501 | |
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502 | I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them? |
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503 | There are some compile-time selections available via configure. |
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504 | Unless you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources" |
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505 | option you can use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings |
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506 | associated with keysyms. |
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507 | |
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508 | Here's an example for a URxvt session started using `rxvt -name |
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509 | URxvt' |
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510 | |
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511 | URxvt.keysym.Home: \e[1~ |
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512 | URxvt.keysym.End: \e[4~ |
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513 | URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \e<C-'> |
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514 | URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \e<C-/> |
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515 | URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \e<C-;> |
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516 | URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \e<C-`> |
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517 | URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \e<C-,> |
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518 | URxvt.keysym.C-period: \e<C-.> |
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519 | URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \e<C-`> |
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520 | URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \e<C-Tab> |
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521 | URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \e<C-Return> |
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522 | URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \e<S-Return> |
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523 | URxvt.keysym.S-space: \e<S-Space> |
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524 | URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \e<M-Up> |
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525 | URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \e<M-Down> |
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526 | URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \e<M-Left> |
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527 | URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \e<M-Right> |
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528 | URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \e<M-C- 0123456789 > |
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529 | URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz > |
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530 | URxvt.keysym.F12: proto:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007 |
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531 | |
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532 | See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource. |
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533 | |
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534 | I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How |
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535 | do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the |
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536 | following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize. |
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537 | KP_Insert == Insert |
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538 | F22 == Print |
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539 | F27 == Home |
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540 | F29 == Prior |
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541 | F33 == End |
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542 | F35 == Next |
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543 | |
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544 | Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various |
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545 | possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap |
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546 | the keys as required for your particular machine. |
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547 | |
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548 | How do I distinguish if I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm? I |
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549 | need this to decide about setting colors etc. |
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550 | rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you |
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551 | can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED, |
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552 | slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide |
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553 | whether or not to use color. |
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554 | |
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555 | How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable? |
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556 | If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled |
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557 | insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script |
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558 | snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of |
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559 | rxvt-unicode wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in |
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560 | these snippets) then the COLORTERM variable can be used to |
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561 | distinguish rxvt-unicode from a regular xterm. |
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562 | |
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563 | Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell |
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564 | script snippets: |
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565 | |
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566 | # Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells: |
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567 | [ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know |
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568 | if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then |
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569 | stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not |
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570 | echo -n '^[Z' |
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571 | read term_id |
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572 | stty icanon echo |
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573 | if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then |
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574 | echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string |
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575 | read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell |
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576 | fi |
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577 | fi |
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578 | |
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579 | How do I compile the manual pages for myself? |
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580 | You need to have a recent version of perl installed as |
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581 | /usr/bin/perl, one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html. |
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582 | Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc". |
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583 | |
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584 | My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human? |
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585 | Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net", |
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586 | channel "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might |
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587 | be interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not |
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588 | FAQs :). |
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589 | |
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