1 | FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS |
1 | FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS |
2 | The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select |
2 | Meta, Features & Commandline Issues |
3 | single words? |
3 | My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human? |
4 | Yes. For example, if you want to select alphanumeric words, you can |
4 | Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net", channel |
5 | use the following resource: |
5 | "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might be |
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6 | interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not FAQs :). |
6 | |
7 | |
7 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+) |
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8 | |
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9 | If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more |
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10 | and more. |
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11 | |
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12 | To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this |
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13 | pattern: |
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14 | |
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15 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+) |
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16 | |
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17 | Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClik* combination |
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18 | also selects words like the old code. |
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19 | |
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20 | I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I |
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21 | change/disable it? |
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22 | You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the |
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23 | perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps |
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24 | rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory. |
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25 | |
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26 | If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to |
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27 | identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the |
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28 | section PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the rxvtperl(3) manpage. For |
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29 | example, to disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify |
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30 | this perl-ext-common resource: |
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31 | |
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32 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup |
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33 | |
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34 | This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup |
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35 | extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example, |
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36 | scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any |
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37 | other combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback |
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38 | resource: |
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39 | |
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40 | URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s |
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41 | |
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42 | Isn't rxvt supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat? |
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43 | I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause |
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44 | extra bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you |
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45 | can see that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables |
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46 | always being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) |
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47 | after startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is |
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48 | a bit unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding |
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49 | conversion, iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode. |
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50 | |
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51 | text data bss drs rss filename |
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52 | 98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything |
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53 | 188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything |
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54 | |
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55 | When you "--enable-everything" (which _is_ unfair, as this involves |
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56 | xft and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 |
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57 | and my libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so. |
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58 | |
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59 | text data bss drs rss filename |
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60 | 163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything |
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61 | 1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything |
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62 | |
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63 | The very large size of the text section is explained by the |
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64 | east-asian encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but |
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65 | nothing else and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core |
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66 | fonts that use those encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k |
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67 | emergency buffer that my c++ compiler allocates (but of course |
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68 | doesn't use unless you are out of memory). Also, using an xft font |
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69 | instead of a core font immediately adds a few megabytes of RSS. Xft |
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70 | indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even when not used. |
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71 | |
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72 | Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of |
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73 | one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use |
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74 | more memory. |
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75 | |
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76 | Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k), |
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77 | this still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like |
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78 | gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or |
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79 | konsole (22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after |
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80 | exit, plus half a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of |
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81 | warnings it spits out), it fares extremely well *g*. |
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82 | |
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83 | Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool? |
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84 | Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: |
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85 | I had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a |
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86 | fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). |
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87 | Put even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++. |
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88 | |
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89 | My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but |
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90 | in the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability |
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91 | limits are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale |
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92 | support and unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than |
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93 | C++ itself. |
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94 | |
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95 | Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write |
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96 | programs in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to |
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97 | write programs in C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large |
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98 | libraries, but this is not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is |
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99 | what rxvt links against on my system with a minimal config: |
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100 | |
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101 | libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000) |
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102 | libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000) |
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103 | libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000) |
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104 | /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000) |
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105 | |
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106 | And here is rxvt-unicode: |
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107 | |
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108 | libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000) |
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109 | libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000) |
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110 | libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000) |
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111 | libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000) |
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112 | /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000) |
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113 | |
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114 | No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in |
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115 | statically), except maybe libX11 :) |
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116 | |
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117 | Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode? |
8 | Does it support tabs, can I have a tabbed rxvt-unicode? |
118 | Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that |
9 | Beginning with version 7.3, there is a perl extension that implements a |
119 | implements a simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so |
10 | simple tabbed terminal. It is installed by default, so any of these |
120 | any of these should give you tabs: |
11 | should give you tabs: |
121 | |
12 | |
122 | rxvt -pe tabbed |
13 | rxvt -pe tabbed |
123 | |
14 | |
124 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed |
15 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,tabbed |
125 | |
16 | |
126 | It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window |
17 | It will also work fine with tabbing functionality of many window |
127 | managers or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features |
18 | managers or similar tabbing programs, and its embedding-features allow |
128 | allow it to be embedded into other programs, as witnessed by |
19 | it to be embedded into other programs, as witnessed by doc/rxvt-tabbed |
129 | doc/rxvt-tabbed or the upcoming "Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which |
20 | or the upcoming "Gtk2::URxvt" perl module, which features a tabbed urxvt |
130 | features a tabbed urxvt (murxvt) terminal as an example embedding |
21 | (murxvt) terminal as an example embedding application. |
131 | application. |
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132 | |
22 | |
133 | How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using? |
23 | How do I know which rxvt-unicode version I'm using? |
134 | The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape |
24 | The version number is displayed with the usage (-h). Also the escape |
135 | sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number. |
25 | sequence "ESC [ 8 n" sets the window title to the version number. When |
136 | When using the rxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the |
26 | using the rxvtc client, the version displayed is that of the daemon. |
137 | daemon. |
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138 | |
27 | |
139 | I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem... |
28 | Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that? |
140 | The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large |
29 | Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for something |
141 | patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but |
30 | you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure out all settings |
142 | unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug |
31 | that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a resource hog by |
143 | to the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the |
32 | design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no Xft font will be |
144 | genuine version (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try |
33 | loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find a font for your |
145 | to reproduce the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the |
34 | characters. |
146 | problems are specific to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should |
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147 | be reported via the Debian Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to |
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148 | report the bug). |
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149 | |
35 | |
150 | For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and |
36 | Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger |
151 | probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's |
37 | scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will use 6 |
152 | also a bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for |
38 | bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to almost a |
153 | other users that might encounter the same issue. |
39 | kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will then (if |
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40 | full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3" it gets |
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41 | worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell. |
154 | |
42 | |
155 | I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any |
43 | How can I start rxvtd in a race-free way? |
156 | recommendation? |
44 | Try "rxvtd -f -o", which tells rxvtd to open the display, create the |
157 | You should build one binary with the default options. configure now |
45 | listening socket and then fork. |
158 | enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them |
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159 | runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling |
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160 | them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl |
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161 | interpreter should be enabled, as important functionality (menus, |
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162 | selection, likely more in the future) depends on it. |
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163 | |
46 | |
164 | You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" snd "perl-ext" |
47 | How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm? I need this to decide about setting colors etc. |
165 | resources system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will |
48 | rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you can |
166 | result in useful behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, |
49 | check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED, slrn, |
167 | add an empty "perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file. |
50 | Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide whether |
168 | This will keep the perl interpreter disabled until the user enables |
51 | or not to use color. |
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52 | |
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53 | How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable? |
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54 | If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled |
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55 | insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script |
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56 | snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of rxvt-unicode |
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57 | wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in these snippets) |
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58 | then the COLORTERM variable can be used to distinguish rxvt-unicode from |
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59 | a regular xterm. |
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60 | |
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61 | Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell script |
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62 | snippets: |
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63 | |
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64 | # Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells: |
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65 | [ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know |
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66 | if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then |
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67 | stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not |
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68 | echo -n '^[Z' |
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69 | read term_id |
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70 | stty icanon echo |
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71 | if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then |
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72 | echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string |
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73 | read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell |
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74 | fi |
169 | it. |
75 | fi |
170 | |
76 | |
171 | If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal |
77 | How do I compile the manual pages on my own? |
172 | one with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with |
78 | You need to have a recent version of perl installed as /usr/bin/perl, |
173 | "--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot |
79 | one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html. Then go to the doc |
174 | of encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely |
80 | subdirectory and enter "make alldoc". |
175 | used). |
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176 | |
81 | |
177 | I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this |
82 | Isn't rxvt-unicode supposed to be small? Don't all those features bloat? |
178 | safe? |
83 | I often get asked about this, and I think, no, they didn't cause extra |
179 | It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to |
84 | bloat. If you compare a minimal rxvt and a minimal urxvt, you can see |
180 | properly install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now. |
85 | that the urxvt binary is larger (due to some encoding tables always |
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86 | being compiled in), but it actually uses less memory (RSS) after |
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87 | startup. Even with "--disable-everything", this comparison is a bit |
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88 | unfair, as many features unique to urxvt (locale, encoding conversion, |
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89 | iso14755 etc.) are already in use in this mode. |
181 | |
90 | |
182 | When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will |
91 | text data bss drs rss filename |
183 | fork into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling |
92 | 98398 1664 24 15695 1824 rxvt --disable-everything |
184 | on some systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop |
93 | 188985 9048 66616 18222 1788 urxvt --disable-everything |
185 | privileges immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals |
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186 | that keep privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, |
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187 | as it contains things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" |
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188 | to attackers). |
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189 | |
94 | |
190 | This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very |
95 | When you "--enable-everything" (which _is_ unfair, as this involves xft |
191 | early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before |
96 | and full locale/XIM support which are quite bloaty inside libX11 and my |
192 | main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which |
97 | libc), the two diverge, but not unreasnobaly so. |
193 | should result in very little risk. |
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194 | |
98 | |
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99 | text data bss drs rss filename |
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100 | 163431 2152 24 20123 2060 rxvt --enable-everything |
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101 | 1035683 49680 66648 29096 3680 urxvt --enable-everything |
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102 | |
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103 | The very large size of the text section is explained by the east-asian |
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104 | encoding tables, which, if unused, take up disk space but nothing else |
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105 | and can be compiled out unless you rely on X11 core fonts that use those |
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106 | encodings. The BSS size comes from the 64k emergency buffer that my c++ |
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107 | compiler allocates (but of course doesn't use unless you are out of |
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108 | memory). Also, using an xft font instead of a core font immediately adds |
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109 | a few megabytes of RSS. Xft indeed is responsible for a lot of RSS even |
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110 | when not used. |
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111 | |
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112 | Of course, due to every character using two or four bytes instead of |
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113 | one, a large scrollback buffer will ultimately make rxvt-unicode use |
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114 | more memory. |
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115 | |
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116 | Compared to e.g. Eterm (5112k), aterm (3132k) and xterm (4680k), this |
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117 | still fares rather well. And compared to some monsters like |
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118 | gnome-terminal (21152k + extra 4204k in separate processes) or konsole |
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119 | (22200k + extra 43180k in daemons that stay around after exit, plus half |
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120 | a minute of startup time, including the hundreds of warnings it spits |
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121 | out), it fares extremely well *g*. |
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122 | |
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123 | Why C++, isn't that unportable/bloated/uncool? |
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124 | Is this a question? :) It comes up very often. The simple answer is: I |
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125 | had to write it, and C++ allowed me to write and maintain it in a |
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126 | fraction of the time and effort (which is a scarce resource for me). Put |
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127 | even shorter: It simply wouldn't exist without C++. |
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128 | |
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129 | My personal stance on this is that C++ is less portable than C, but in |
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130 | the case of rxvt-unicode this hardly matters, as its portability limits |
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131 | are defined by things like X11, pseudo terminals, locale support and |
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132 | unix domain sockets, which are all less portable than C++ itself. |
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133 | |
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134 | Regarding the bloat, see the above question: It's easy to write programs |
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135 | in C that use gobs of memory, an certainly possible to write programs in |
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136 | C++ that don't. C++ also often comes with large libraries, but this is |
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137 | not necessarily the case with GCC. Here is what rxvt links against on my |
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138 | system with a minimal config: |
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139 | |
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140 | libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000) |
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141 | libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaadde000) |
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142 | libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab01d000) |
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143 | /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000) |
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144 | |
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145 | And here is rxvt-unicode: |
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146 | |
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147 | libX11.so.6 => /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6 (0x00002aaaaabc3000) |
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148 | libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00002aaaaada2000) |
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149 | libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x00002aaaaaeb0000) |
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150 | libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x00002aaaab0ee000) |
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151 | /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00002aaaaaaab000) |
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152 | |
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153 | No large bloated libraries (of course, none were linked in statically), |
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154 | except maybe libX11 :) |
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155 | |
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156 | Rendering, Font & Look and Feel Issues |
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157 | I can't get transparency working, what am I doing wrong? |
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158 | First of all, transparency isn't officially supported in rxvt-unicode, |
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159 | so you are mostly on your own. Do not bug the author about it (but you |
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160 | may bug everybody else). Also, if you can't get it working consider it a |
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161 | rite of passage: ... and you failed. |
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162 | |
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163 | Here are four ways to get transparency. Do read the manpage and option |
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164 | descriptions for the programs mentioned and rxvt-unicode. Really, do it! |
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165 | |
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166 | 1. Use inheritPixmap: |
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167 | |
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168 | Esetroot wallpaper.jpg |
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169 | rxvt -ip -tint red -sh 40 |
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170 | |
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171 | That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack transparency and tinting |
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172 | support, or you are unable to read. |
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173 | |
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174 | 2. Use a simple pixmap and emulate pseudo-transparency. This enables you |
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175 | to use effects other than tinting and shading: Just shade/tint/whatever |
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176 | your picture with gimp or any other tool: |
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177 | |
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178 | convert wallpaper.jpg -blur 20x20 -modulate 30 background.xpm |
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179 | rxvt -pixmap background.xpm -pe automove-background |
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180 | |
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181 | That works. If you think it doesn't, you lack XPM and Perl support, or |
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182 | you are unable to read. |
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183 | |
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184 | 3. Use an ARGB visual: |
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185 | |
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186 | rxvt -depth 32 -fg grey90 -bg rgba:0000/0000/4444/cccc |
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187 | |
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188 | This requires XFT support, and the support of your X-server. If that |
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189 | doesn't work for you, blame Xorg and Keith Packard. ARGB visuals aren't |
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190 | there yet, no matter what they claim. Rxvt-Unicode contains the |
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191 | neccessary bugfixes and workarounds for Xft and Xlib to make it work, |
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192 | but that doesn't mean that your WM has the required kludges in place. |
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193 | |
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194 | 4. Use xcompmgr and let it do the job: |
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195 | |
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196 | xprop -frame -f _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 32c \ |
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197 | -set _NET_WM_WINDOW_OPACITY 0xc0000000 |
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198 | |
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199 | Then click on a window you want to make transparent. Replace 0xc0000000 |
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200 | by other values to change the degree of opacity. If it doesn't work and |
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201 | your server crashes, you got to keep the pieces. |
|
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202 | |
|
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203 | Why do some chinese characters look so different than others? |
|
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204 | This is because there is a difference between script and language -- |
|
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205 | rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output is, as |
|
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206 | it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode first sees a |
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207 | japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese font for display. |
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208 | Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. Now, many chinese |
|
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209 | characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, so when the first |
|
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210 | non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will look for a chinese |
|
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211 | font -- unfortunately at this point, it will still use the japanese font |
|
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212 | for chinese characters that are also in the japanese font. |
|
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213 | |
|
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214 | The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your font |
|
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215 | list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font list as a |
|
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216 | preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a japanese font |
|
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217 | first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font first. |
|
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218 | |
|
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219 | In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at |
|
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220 | runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using different |
|
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221 | fonts for the same character at the same time, but no interface for this |
|
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222 | has been designed yet). |
|
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223 | |
|
|
224 | Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see "Can |
|
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225 | I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document). |
|
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226 | |
|
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227 | Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings? |
|
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228 | Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that |
|
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229 | character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for terminal |
|
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230 | use might contain some characters that are simply too wide. Rxvt-unicode |
|
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231 | will avoid these characters. For characters that are just "a bit" too |
|
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232 | wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used that redraws adjacent |
|
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233 | characters. |
|
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234 | |
|
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235 | All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes, |
|
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236 | however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed |
|
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237 | bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the correct |
|
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238 | way is to ask for the character bounding box, which unfortunately is |
|
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239 | wrong in these cases). |
|
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240 | |
|
|
241 | It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft, freetype, |
|
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242 | or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you might try |
|
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243 | using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If that doesn't |
|
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244 | work, you might be forced to use a different font. |
|
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245 | |
|
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246 | All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their |
|
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247 | bounding box data is correct. |
|
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248 | |
|
|
249 | How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much? |
|
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250 | First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal settings |
|
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251 | ("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these effects. Then |
|
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252 | make sure you have specified colours for italic and bold, as otherwise |
|
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253 | rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate the effect: |
|
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254 | |
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255 | URxvt.colorBD: white |
|
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256 | URxvt.colorIT: green |
|
|
257 | |
|
|
258 | Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how can I fix that? |
|
|
259 | For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very weird |
|
|
260 | colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than the |
|
|
261 | standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, of |
|
|
262 | course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours without very |
|
|
263 | good reasons. |
|
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264 | |
|
|
265 | In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo |
|
|
266 | definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which will |
|
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267 | fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode features. |
|
|
268 | |
|
|
269 | Can I switch the fonts at runtime? |
|
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270 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has the |
|
|
271 | same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect immediately: |
|
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272 | |
|
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273 | printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic" |
|
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274 | |
|
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275 | This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer a |
|
|
276 | japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, where |
|
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277 | japanese fonts would only be in your way. |
|
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278 | |
|
|
279 | You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching. |
|
|
280 | |
|
|
281 | Why do italic characters look as if clipped? |
|
|
282 | Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For |
|
|
283 | example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera Sans |
|
|
284 | Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might be to |
|
|
285 | enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this: |
|
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286 | |
|
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287 | URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true |
|
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288 | URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true |
|
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289 | |
|
|
290 | Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow? |
|
|
291 | Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, as it |
|
|
292 | is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to disable |
|
|
293 | antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves lots of |
|
|
294 | memory and also speeds up rendering considerably. |
|
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295 | |
|
|
296 | Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong? |
|
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297 | Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to |
|
|
298 | fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core |
|
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299 | fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It has |
|
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300 | antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author thinks they |
|
|
301 | look best that way. |
|
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302 | |
|
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303 | If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually. |
|
|
304 | |
|
|
305 | What's with this bold/blink stuff? |
|
|
306 | If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using the |
|
|
307 | standard foreground colour. |
|
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308 | |
|
|
309 | For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the text |
|
|
310 | blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard colours. |
|
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311 | Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be ignored. |
|
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312 | |
|
|
313 | On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set high-intensity |
|
|
314 | foreground/background colors. |
|
|
315 | |
|
|
316 | color0-7 are the low-intensity colors. |
|
|
317 | |
|
|
318 | color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors. |
|
|
319 | |
|
|
320 | I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them? |
|
|
321 | You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults |
|
|
322 | resources (or as long-options). |
|
|
323 | |
|
|
324 | Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, including |
|
|
325 | the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow: |
|
|
326 | |
|
|
327 | URxvt.color0: #000000 |
|
|
328 | URxvt.color1: #A80000 |
|
|
329 | URxvt.color2: #00A800 |
|
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330 | URxvt.color3: #A8A800 |
|
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331 | URxvt.color4: #0000A8 |
|
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332 | URxvt.color5: #A800A8 |
|
|
333 | URxvt.color6: #00A8A8 |
|
|
334 | URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8 |
|
|
335 | |
|
|
336 | URxvt.color8: #000054 |
|
|
337 | URxvt.color9: #FF0054 |
|
|
338 | URxvt.color10: #00FF54 |
|
|
339 | URxvt.color11: #FFFF54 |
|
|
340 | URxvt.color12: #0000FF |
|
|
341 | URxvt.color13: #FF00FF |
|
|
342 | URxvt.color14: #00FFFF |
|
|
343 | URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF |
|
|
344 | |
|
|
345 | And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described (not by |
|
|
346 | me) as "pretty girly". |
|
|
347 | |
|
|
348 | URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1 |
|
|
349 | URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1 |
|
|
350 | URxvt.background: #0e0e0e |
|
|
351 | URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1 |
|
|
352 | URxvt.color0: #000000 |
|
|
353 | URxvt.color8: #8b8f93 |
|
|
354 | URxvt.color1: #dc74d1 |
|
|
355 | URxvt.color9: #dc74d1 |
|
|
356 | URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7 |
|
|
357 | URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7 |
|
|
358 | URxvt.color3: #dfe37e |
|
|
359 | URxvt.color11: #dfe37e |
|
|
360 | URxvt.color5: #9e88f0 |
|
|
361 | URxvt.color13: #9e88f0 |
|
|
362 | URxvt.color6: #73f7ff |
|
|
363 | URxvt.color14: #73f7ff |
|
|
364 | URxvt.color7: #e1dddd |
|
|
365 | URxvt.color15: #e1dddd |
|
|
366 | |
|
|
367 | Why do some characters look so much different than others? |
|
|
368 | See next entry. |
|
|
369 | |
|
|
370 | How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts? |
|
|
371 | Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine. |
|
|
372 | Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of your |
|
|
373 | system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you want to |
|
|
374 | display. |
|
|
375 | |
|
|
376 | rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font. |
|
|
377 | Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks |
|
|
378 | bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that don't |
|
|
379 | resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the artificial |
|
|
380 | intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it has to believe |
|
|
381 | the font that the characters it claims to contain indeed look correct. |
|
|
382 | |
|
|
383 | In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font list, |
|
|
384 | e.g.: |
|
|
385 | |
|
|
386 | rxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3... |
|
|
387 | |
|
|
388 | When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base font. |
|
|
389 | If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to the next |
|
|
390 | font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed up this |
|
|
391 | search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the X-server. |
|
|
392 | |
|
|
393 | The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the |
|
|
394 | base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell size, |
|
|
395 | which must be the same due to the way terminals work. |
|
|
396 | |
|
|
397 | Keyboard, Mouse & User Interaction |
|
|
398 | The new selection selects pieces that are too big, how can I select single words? |
|
|
399 | If you want to select e.g. alphanumeric words, you can use the following |
|
|
400 | setting: |
|
|
401 | |
|
|
402 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([[:word:]]+) |
|
|
403 | |
|
|
404 | If you click more than twice, the selection will be extended more and |
|
|
405 | more. |
|
|
406 | |
|
|
407 | To get a selection that is very similar to the old code, try this |
|
|
408 | pattern: |
|
|
409 | |
|
|
410 | URxvt.selection.pattern-0: ([^"&'()*,;<=>?@[\\\\]^`{|})]+) |
|
|
411 | |
|
|
412 | Please also note that the *LeftClick Shift-LeftClik* combination also |
|
|
413 | selects words like the old code. |
|
|
414 | |
|
|
415 | I don't like the new selection/popups/hotkeys/perl, how do I change/disable it? |
|
|
416 | You can disable the perl extension completely by setting the |
|
|
417 | perl-ext-common resource to the empty string, which also keeps |
|
|
418 | rxvt-unicode from initialising perl, saving memory. |
|
|
419 | |
|
|
420 | If you only want to disable specific features, you first have to |
|
|
421 | identify which perl extension is responsible. For this, read the section |
|
|
422 | PREPACKAGED EXTENSIONS in the rxvtperl(3) manpage. For example, to |
|
|
423 | disable the selection-popup and option-popup, specify this |
|
|
424 | perl-ext-common resource: |
|
|
425 | |
|
|
426 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-selection-popup,-option-popup |
|
|
427 | |
|
|
428 | This will keep the default extensions, but disable the two popup |
|
|
429 | extensions. Some extensions can also be configured, for example, |
|
|
430 | scrollback search mode is triggered by M-s. You can move it to any other |
|
|
431 | combination either by setting the searchable-scrollback resource: |
|
|
432 | |
|
|
433 | URxvt.searchable-scrollback: CM-s |
|
|
434 | |
|
|
435 | The cursor moves when selecting text in the current input line, how do I switch this off? |
|
|
436 | See next entry. |
|
|
437 | |
|
|
438 | During rlogin/ssh/telnet/etc. sessions, clicking near the cursor outputs strange escape sequences, how do I fix this? |
|
|
439 | These are caused by the "readline" perl extension. Under normal |
|
|
440 | circumstances, it will move your cursor around when you click into the |
|
|
441 | line that contains it. It tries hard not to do this at the wrong moment, |
|
|
442 | but when running a program that doesn't parse cursor movements or in |
|
|
443 | some cases during rlogin sessions, it fails to detect this properly. |
|
|
444 | |
|
|
445 | You can permamently switch this feature off by disabling the "readline" |
|
|
446 | extension: |
|
|
447 | |
|
|
448 | URxvt.perl-ext-common: default,-readline |
|
|
449 | |
|
|
450 | My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output? |
|
|
451 | Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no |
|
|
452 | specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is |
|
|
453 | caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether and |
|
|
454 | how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a |
|
|
455 | compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and please |
|
|
456 | report if that helped. |
|
|
457 | |
|
|
458 | My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working. |
|
|
459 | The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not set |
|
|
460 | correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported by your |
|
|
461 | input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and your input |
|
|
462 | method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose keys) does not |
|
|
463 | support this (for instance because it is not visual), then rxvt-unicode |
|
|
464 | will continue without an input method. |
|
|
465 | |
|
|
466 | In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more than |
|
|
467 | one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None. |
|
|
468 | |
|
|
469 | I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO 14755 |
|
|
470 | Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on |
|
|
471 | international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your |
|
|
472 | advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for |
|
|
473 | other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default telnet |
|
|
474 | escape character and so on. |
|
|
475 | |
|
|
476 | Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works. |
|
|
477 | Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing some |
|
|
478 | editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. I've heard |
|
|
479 | that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise specified. A quick |
|
|
480 | check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt or Shift keys are |
|
|
481 | depressed. |
|
|
482 | |
|
|
483 | What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour? |
|
|
484 | Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the BackSpace |
|
|
485 | keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following question) there are |
|
|
486 | two standard values that can be used for Backspace: "^H" and "^?". |
|
|
487 | |
|
|
488 | Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the |
|
|
489 | debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only only |
|
|
490 | correct choice :). |
|
|
491 | |
|
|
492 | Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the |
|
|
493 | value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode |
|
|
494 | wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote shell), |
|
|
495 | then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to CERASE in |
|
|
496 | <termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as your stty |
|
|
497 | setting). |
|
|
498 | |
|
|
499 | For starting a new rxvt-unicode: |
|
|
500 | |
|
|
501 | # use Backspace = ^H |
|
|
502 | $ stty erase ^H |
|
|
503 | $ rxvt |
|
|
504 | |
|
|
505 | # use Backspace = ^? |
|
|
506 | $ stty erase ^? |
|
|
507 | $ rxvt |
|
|
508 | |
|
|
509 | Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l". |
|
|
510 | |
|
|
511 | For an existing rxvt-unicode: |
|
|
512 | |
|
|
513 | # use Backspace = ^H |
|
|
514 | $ stty erase ^H |
|
|
515 | $ echo -n "^[[36h" |
|
|
516 | |
|
|
517 | # use Backspace = ^? |
|
|
518 | $ stty erase ^? |
|
|
519 | $ echo -n "^[[36l" |
|
|
520 | |
|
|
521 | This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, but |
|
|
522 | if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo value |
|
|
523 | properly reflects that. |
|
|
524 | |
|
|
525 | The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace |
|
|
526 | problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, the |
|
|
527 | Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the vt100 for |
|
|
528 | Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied termcap/terminfo. |
|
|
529 | |
|
|
530 | Some other Backspace problems: |
|
|
531 | |
|
|
532 | some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told) expect |
|
|
533 | Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for help. |
|
|
534 | |
|
|
535 | Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner. |
|
|
536 | |
|
|
537 | I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them? |
|
|
538 | There are some compile-time selections available via configure. Unless |
|
|
539 | you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources" option you can |
|
|
540 | use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings associated with |
|
|
541 | keysyms. |
|
|
542 | |
|
|
543 | Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "rxvt -name URxvt" |
|
|
544 | |
|
|
545 | URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~ |
|
|
546 | URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~ |
|
|
547 | URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'> |
|
|
548 | URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/> |
|
|
549 | URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;> |
|
|
550 | URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`> |
|
|
551 | URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,> |
|
|
552 | URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.> |
|
|
553 | URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`> |
|
|
554 | URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab> |
|
|
555 | URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return> |
|
|
556 | URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return> |
|
|
557 | URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space> |
|
|
558 | URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up> |
|
|
559 | URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down> |
|
|
560 | URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left> |
|
|
561 | URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right> |
|
|
562 | URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 > |
|
|
563 | URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz > |
|
|
564 | URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007 |
|
|
565 | |
|
|
566 | See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource. |
|
|
567 | |
|
|
568 | I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the following map |
|
|
569 | KP_Insert == Insert |
|
|
570 | F22 == Print |
|
|
571 | F27 == Home |
|
|
572 | F29 == Prior |
|
|
573 | F33 == End |
|
|
574 | F35 == Next |
|
|
575 | |
|
|
576 | Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various |
|
|
577 | possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap the |
|
|
578 | keys as required for your particular machine. |
|
|
579 | |
|
|
580 | Terminal Configuration |
|
|
581 | Why doesn't rxvt-unicode read my resources? |
|
|
582 | Well, why, indeed? It does, in a way very similar to other X |
|
|
583 | applications. Most importantly, this means that if you or your OS loads |
|
|
584 | resources into the X display (the right way to do it), rxvt-unicode will |
|
|
585 | ignore any resource files in your home directory. It will only read |
|
|
586 | $HOME/.Xdefaults when no resources are attached to the display. |
|
|
587 | |
|
|
588 | If you have or use an $HOME/.Xresources file, chances are that resources |
|
|
589 | are loaded into your X-server. In this case, you have to re-login after |
|
|
590 | every change (or run xrdb -merge $HOME/.Xresources). |
|
|
591 | |
|
|
592 | Also consider the form resources have to use: |
|
|
593 | |
|
|
594 | URxvt.resource: value |
|
|
595 | |
|
|
596 | If you want to use another form (there are lots of different ways of |
|
|
597 | specifying resources), make sure you understand wether and why it works. |
|
|
598 | If unsure, use the form above. |
|
|
599 | |
195 | When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? |
600 | When I log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? |
196 | The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely |
601 | The terminal description used by rxvt-unicode is not as widely available |
197 | available as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same |
602 | as that for xterm, or even rxvt (for which the same problem often |
198 | problem often arises). |
603 | arises). |
199 | |
604 | |
200 | The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, |
605 | The correct solution for this problem is to install the terminfo, this |
201 | this can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp): |
606 | can be done like this (with ncurses' infocmp): |
202 | |
607 | |
203 | REMOTE=remotesystem.domain |
608 | REMOTE=remotesystem.domain |
204 | infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti" |
609 | infocmp rxvt-unicode | ssh $REMOTE "cat >/tmp/ti && tic /tmp/ti" |
205 | |
610 | |
206 | ... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system, |
611 | ... or by installing rxvt-unicode normally on the remote system, |
207 | |
612 | |
208 | If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set |
613 | If you cannot or do not want to do this, then you can simply set |
209 | "TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of |
614 | "TERM=rxvt" or even "TERM=xterm", and live with the small number of |
210 | problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and |
615 | problems arising, which includes wrong keymapping, less and different |
211 | different colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen |
616 | colours and some refresh errors in fullscreen applications. It's a nice |
212 | applications. It's a nice quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases, |
617 | quick-and-dirty workaround for rare cases, though. |
213 | though. |
|
|
214 | |
618 | |
215 | If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences) |
619 | If you always want to do this (and are fine with the consequences) you |
216 | you can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or |
620 | can either recompile rxvt-unicode with the desired TERM value or use a |
217 | use a resource to set it: |
621 | resource to set it: |
218 | |
622 | |
219 | URxvt.termName: rxvt |
623 | URxvt.termName: rxvt |
220 | |
624 | |
221 | If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also |
625 | If you don't plan to use rxvt (quite common...) you could also replace |
222 | replace the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one. |
626 | the rxvt terminfo file with the rxvt-unicode one. |
223 | |
627 | |
224 | "tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry. |
628 | "tic" outputs some error when compiling the terminfo entry. |
225 | Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it |
629 | Most likely it's the empty definition for "enacs=". Just replace it by |
226 | by "enacs=\E[0@" and try again. |
630 | "enacs=\E[0@" and try again. |
227 | |
631 | |
228 | "bash"'s readline does not work correctly under rxvt. |
632 | "bash"'s readline does not work correctly under rxvt. |
|
|
633 | See next entry. |
|
|
634 | |
229 | I need a termcap file entry. |
635 | I need a termcap file entry. |
230 | One reason you might want this is that some distributions or |
636 | One reason you might want this is that some distributions or operating |
231 | operating systems still compile some programs using the |
637 | systems still compile some programs using the long-obsoleted termcap |
232 | long-obsoleted termcap library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) |
638 | library (Fedora Core's bash is one example) and rely on a termcap entry |
233 | and rely on a termcap entry for "rxvt-unicode". |
639 | for "rxvt-unicode". |
234 | |
640 | |
235 | You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many |
641 | You could use rxvt's termcap entry with resonable results in many cases. |
236 | cases. You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's |
642 | You can also create a termcap entry by using terminfo's infocmp program |
237 | infocmp program like this: |
643 | like this: |
238 | |
644 | |
239 | infocmp -C rxvt-unicode |
645 | infocmp -C rxvt-unicode |
240 | |
646 | |
241 | Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above: |
647 | Or you could use this termcap entry, generated by the command above: |
242 | |
648 | |
243 | rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\ |
649 | rxvt-unicode|rxvt-unicode terminal (X Window System):\ |
244 | :am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\ |
650 | :am:bw:eo:km:mi:ms:xn:xo:\ |
245 | :co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\ |
651 | :co#80:it#8:li#24:lm#0:\ |
246 | :AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\ |
652 | :AL=\E[%dL:DC=\E[%dP:DL=\E[%dM:DO=\E[%dB:IC=\E[%d@:\ |
247 | :K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\ |
653 | :K1=\EOw:K2=\EOu:K3=\EOy:K4=\EOq:K5=\EOs:LE=\E[%dD:\ |
248 | :RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\ |
654 | :RI=\E[%dC:SF=\E[%dS:SR=\E[%dT:UP=\E[%dA:ae=\E(B:al=\E[L:\ |
249 | :as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\ |
655 | :as=\E(0:bl=^G:cd=\E[J:ce=\E[K:cl=\E[H\E[2J:\ |
250 | :cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\ |
656 | :cm=\E[%i%d;%dH:cr=^M:cs=\E[%i%d;%dr:ct=\E[3g:dc=\E[P:\ |
251 | :dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\ |
657 | :dl=\E[M:do=^J:ec=\E[%dX:ei=\E[4l:ho=\E[H:\ |
252 | :i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\ |
658 | :i1=\E[?47l\E=\E[?1l:ic=\E[@:im=\E[4h:\ |
253 | :is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\ |
659 | :is=\E[r\E[m\E[2J\E[H\E[?7h\E[?1;3;4;6l\E[4l:\ |
254 | :k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\ |
660 | :k1=\E[11~:k2=\E[12~:k3=\E[13~:k4=\E[14~:k5=\E[15~:\ |
255 | :k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\ |
661 | :k6=\E[17~:k7=\E[18~:k8=\E[19~:k9=\E[20~:kD=\E[3~:\ |
256 | :kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\ |
662 | :kI=\E[2~:kN=\E[6~:kP=\E[5~:kb=\177:kd=\EOB:ke=\E[?1l\E>:\ |
257 | :kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\ |
663 | :kh=\E[7~:kl=\EOD:kr=\EOC:ks=\E[?1h\E=:ku=\EOA:le=^H:\ |
258 | :mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\ |
664 | :mb=\E[5m:md=\E[1m:me=\E[m\017:mr=\E[7m:nd=\E[C:rc=\E8:\ |
259 | :sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\ |
665 | :sc=\E7:se=\E[27m:sf=^J:so=\E[7m:sr=\EM:st=\EH:ta=^I:\ |
260 | :te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\ |
666 | :te=\E[r\E[?1049l:ti=\E[?1049h:ue=\E[24m:up=\E[A:\ |
261 | :us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\ |
667 | :us=\E[4m:vb=\E[?5h\E[?5l:ve=\E[?25h:vi=\E[?25l:\ |
262 | :vs=\E[?25h: |
668 | :vs=\E[?25h: |
263 | |
669 | |
264 | Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output? |
670 | Why does "ls" no longer have coloured output? |
265 | The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to |
671 | The "ls" in the GNU coreutils unfortunately doesn't use terminfo to |
266 | decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration |
672 | decide wether a terminal has colour, but uses it's own configuration |
267 | file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file |
673 | file. Needless to say, "rxvt-unicode" is not in it's default file (among |
268 | (among with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add: |
674 | with most other terminals supporting colour). Either add: |
269 | |
675 | |
270 | TERM rxvt-unicode |
676 | TERM rxvt-unicode |
271 | |
677 | |
272 | to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add: |
678 | to "/etc/DIR_COLORS" or simply add: |
273 | |
679 | |
274 | alias ls='ls --color=auto' |
680 | alias ls='ls --color=auto' |
275 | |
681 | |
276 | to your ".profile" or ".bashrc". |
682 | to your ".profile" or ".bashrc". |
277 | |
683 | |
278 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode? |
684 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. use the 88 colour mode? |
|
|
685 | See next entry. |
|
|
686 | |
279 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic? |
687 | Why doesn't vim/emacs etc. make use of italic? |
|
|
688 | See next entry. |
|
|
689 | |
280 | Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly? |
690 | Why are the secondary screen-related options not working properly? |
281 | Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged |
691 | Make sure you are using "TERM=rxvt-unicode". Some pre-packaged |
282 | distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by |
692 | distributions (most notably Debian GNU/Linux) break rxvt-unicode by |
283 | setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features. |
693 | setting "TERM" to "rxvt", which doesn't have these extra features. |
284 | Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux) |
694 | Unfortunately, some of these (most notably, again, Debian GNU/Linux) |
285 | furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file, |
695 | furthermore fail to even install the "rxvt-unicode" terminfo file, so |
286 | so you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I |
696 | you will need to install it on your own (See the question When I log-in |
287 | log-in to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on |
697 | to another system it tells me about missing terminfo data? on how to do |
288 | how to do this). |
698 | this). |
289 | |
699 | |
290 | My numerical keypad acts weird and generates differing output? |
700 | Encoding / Locale / Input Method Issues |
291 | Some Debian GNUL/Linux users seem to have this problem, although no |
|
|
292 | specific details were reported so far. It is possible that this is |
|
|
293 | caused by the wrong "TERM" setting, although the details of wether |
|
|
294 | and how this can happen are unknown, as "TERM=rxvt" should offer a |
|
|
295 | compatible keymap. See the answer to the previous question, and |
|
|
296 | please report if that helped. |
|
|
297 | |
|
|
298 | Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding? |
701 | Rxvt-unicode does not seem to understand the selected encoding? |
|
|
702 | See next entry. |
|
|
703 | |
299 | Unicode does not seem to work? |
704 | Unicode does not seem to work? |
300 | If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character |
705 | If you encounter strange problems like typing an accented character but |
301 | but getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program |
706 | getting two unrelated other characters or similar, or if program output |
302 | output is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale |
707 | is subtly garbled, then you should check your locale settings. |
303 | settings. |
|
|
304 | |
708 | |
305 | Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the |
709 | Rxvt-unicode must be started with the same "LC_CTYPE" setting as the |
306 | programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the |
710 | programs. Often rxvt-unicode is started in the "C" locale, while the |
307 | login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the |
711 | login script running within the rxvt-unicode window changes the locale |
308 | locale to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this |
712 | to something else, e.g. "en_GB.UTF-8". Needless to say, this is not |
309 | is not going to work. |
713 | going to work. |
310 | |
714 | |
311 | The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will |
715 | The best thing is to fix your startup environment, as you will likely |
312 | likely run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in |
716 | run into other problems. If nothing works you can try this in your |
313 | your .profile. |
717 | .profile. |
314 | |
718 | |
315 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE" |
719 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' "$LC_CTYPE" |
316 | |
720 | |
317 | If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification |
721 | If this doesn't work, then maybe you use a "LC_CTYPE" specification not |
318 | not supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command |
722 | supported on your systems. Some systems have a "locale" command which |
319 | which displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale |
723 | displays this (also, "perl -e0" can be used to check locale settings, as |
320 | settings, as it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). |
724 | it will complain loudly if it cannot set the locale). If it displays |
321 | If it displays something like: |
725 | something like: |
322 | |
726 | |
323 | locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ... |
727 | locale: Cannot set LC_CTYPE to default locale: ... |
324 | |
728 | |
325 | Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system. |
729 | Then the locale you specified is not supported on your system. |
326 | |
730 | |
327 | If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly |
731 | If nothing works and you are sure that everything is set correctly then |
328 | then you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs |
732 | you will need to remember a little known fact: Some programs just don't |
329 | just don't support locales :( |
733 | support locales :( |
330 | |
734 | |
331 | Why do some characters look so much different than others? |
|
|
332 | How does rxvt-unicode choose fonts? |
|
|
333 | Most fonts do not contain the full range of Unicode, which is fine. |
|
|
334 | Chances are that the font you (or the admin/package maintainer of |
|
|
335 | your system/os) have specified does not cover all the characters you |
|
|
336 | want to display. |
|
|
337 | |
|
|
338 | rxvt-unicode makes a best-effort try at finding a replacement font. |
|
|
339 | Often the result is fine, but sometimes the chosen font looks |
|
|
340 | bad/ugly/wrong. Some fonts have totally strange characters that |
|
|
341 | don't resemble the correct glyph at all, and rxvt-unicode lacks the |
|
|
342 | artificial intelligence to detect that a specific glyph is wrong: it |
|
|
343 | has to believe the font that the characters it claims to contain |
|
|
344 | indeed look correct. |
|
|
345 | |
|
|
346 | In that case, select a font of your taste and add it to the font |
|
|
347 | list, e.g.: |
|
|
348 | |
|
|
349 | rxvt -fn basefont,font2,font3... |
|
|
350 | |
|
|
351 | When rxvt-unicode sees a character, it will first look at the base |
|
|
352 | font. If the base font does not contain the character, it will go to |
|
|
353 | the next font, and so on. Specifying your own fonts will also speed |
|
|
354 | up this search and use less resources within rxvt-unicode and the |
|
|
355 | X-server. |
|
|
356 | |
|
|
357 | The only limitation is that none of the fonts may be larger than the |
|
|
358 | base font, as the base font defines the terminal character cell |
|
|
359 | size, which must be the same due to the way terminals work. |
|
|
360 | |
|
|
361 | Why do some chinese characters look so different than others? |
|
|
362 | This is because there is a difference between script and language -- |
|
|
363 | rxvt-unicode does not know which language the text that is output |
|
|
364 | is, as it only knows the unicode character codes. If rxvt-unicode |
|
|
365 | first sees a japanese/chinese character, it might choose a japanese |
|
|
366 | font for display. Subsequent japanese characters will use that font. |
|
|
367 | Now, many chinese characters aren't represented in japanese fonts, |
|
|
368 | so when the first non-japanese character comes up, rxvt-unicode will |
|
|
369 | look for a chinese font -- unfortunately at this point, it will |
|
|
370 | still use the japanese font for chinese characters that are also in |
|
|
371 | the japanese font. |
|
|
372 | |
|
|
373 | The workaround is easy: just tag a chinese font at the end of your |
|
|
374 | font list (see the previous question). The key is to view the font |
|
|
375 | list as a preference list: If you expect more japanese, list a |
|
|
376 | japanese font first. If you expect more chinese, put a chinese font |
|
|
377 | first. |
|
|
378 | |
|
|
379 | In the future it might be possible to switch language preferences at |
|
|
380 | runtime (the internal data structure has no problem with using |
|
|
381 | different fonts for the same character at the same time, but no |
|
|
382 | interface for this has been designed yet). |
|
|
383 | |
|
|
384 | Until then, you might get away with switching fonts at runtime (see |
|
|
385 | "Can I switch the fonts at runtime?" later in this document). |
|
|
386 | |
|
|
387 | Why does rxvt-unicode sometimes leave pixel droppings? |
|
|
388 | Most fonts were not designed for terminal use, which means that |
|
|
389 | character size varies a lot. A font that is otherwise fine for |
|
|
390 | terminal use might contain some characters that are simply too wide. |
|
|
391 | Rxvt-unicode will avoid these characters. For characters that are |
|
|
392 | just "a bit" too wide a special "careful" rendering mode is used |
|
|
393 | that redraws adjacent characters. |
|
|
394 | |
|
|
395 | All of this requires that fonts do not lie about character sizes, |
|
|
396 | however: Xft fonts often draw glyphs larger than their acclaimed |
|
|
397 | bounding box, and rxvt-unicode has no way of detecting this (the |
|
|
398 | correct way is to ask for the character bounding box, which |
|
|
399 | unfortunately is wrong in these cases). |
|
|
400 | |
|
|
401 | It's not clear (to me at least), wether this is a bug in Xft, |
|
|
402 | freetype, or the respective font. If you encounter this problem you |
|
|
403 | might try using the "-lsp" option to give the font more height. If |
|
|
404 | that doesn't work, you might be forced to use a different font. |
|
|
405 | |
|
|
406 | All of this is not a problem when using X11 core fonts, as their |
|
|
407 | bounding box data is correct. |
|
|
408 | |
|
|
409 | On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide. |
|
|
410 | Seems to be a known bug, read |
|
|
411 | <http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the |
|
|
412 | following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working: |
|
|
413 | |
|
|
414 | #define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x) |
|
|
415 | |
|
|
416 | My Compose (Multi_key) key is no longer working. |
|
|
417 | The most common causes for this are that either your locale is not |
|
|
418 | set correctly, or you specified a preeditStyle that is not supported |
|
|
419 | by your input method. For example, if you specified OverTheSpot and |
|
|
420 | your input method (e.g. the default input method handling Compose |
|
|
421 | keys) does not support this (for instance because it is not visual), |
|
|
422 | then rxvt-unicode will continue without an input method. |
|
|
423 | |
|
|
424 | In this case either do not specify a preeditStyle or specify more |
|
|
425 | than one pre-edit style, such as OverTheSpot,Root,None. |
|
|
426 | |
|
|
427 | I cannot type "Ctrl-Shift-2" to get an ASCII NUL character due to ISO |
|
|
428 | 14755 |
|
|
429 | Either try "Ctrl-2" alone (it often is mapped to ASCII NUL even on |
|
|
430 | international keyboards) or simply use ISO 14755 support to your |
|
|
431 | advantage, typing <Ctrl-Shift-0> to get a ASCII NUL. This works for |
|
|
432 | other codes, too, such as "Ctrl-Shift-1-d" to type the default |
|
|
433 | telnet escape character and so on. |
|
|
434 | |
|
|
435 | How can I keep rxvt-unicode from using reverse video so much? |
|
|
436 | First of all, make sure you are running with the right terminal |
|
|
437 | settings ("TERM=rxvt-unicode"), which will get rid of most of these |
|
|
438 | effects. Then make sure you have specified colours for italic and |
|
|
439 | bold, as otherwise rxvt-unicode might use reverse video to simulate |
|
|
440 | the effect: |
|
|
441 | |
|
|
442 | URxvt.colorBD: white |
|
|
443 | URxvt.colorIT: green |
|
|
444 | |
|
|
445 | Some programs assume totally weird colours (red instead of blue), how |
|
|
446 | can I fix that? |
|
|
447 | For some unexplainable reason, some rare programs assume a very |
|
|
448 | weird colour palette when confronted with a terminal with more than |
|
|
449 | the standard 8 colours (rxvt-unicode supports 88). The right fix is, |
|
|
450 | of course, to fix these programs not to assume non-ISO colours |
|
|
451 | without very good reasons. |
|
|
452 | |
|
|
453 | In the meantime, you can either edit your "rxvt-unicode" terminfo |
|
|
454 | definition to only claim 8 colour support or use "TERM=rxvt", which |
|
|
455 | will fix colours but keep you from using other rxvt-unicode |
|
|
456 | features. |
|
|
457 | |
|
|
458 | I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all. |
|
|
459 | Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined |
|
|
460 | in your compile environment, or an implementation that implements |
|
|
461 | it, wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__" |
|
|
462 | requires that wchar_t is represented as unicode. |
|
|
463 | |
|
|
464 | As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl |
|
|
465 | nor does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal |
|
|
466 | representation of wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with |
|
|
467 | respect to standards. |
|
|
468 | |
|
|
469 | However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1" |
|
|
470 | and "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t. |
|
|
471 | |
|
|
472 | "__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language |
|
|
473 | apps in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized) |
|
|
474 | representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between |
|
|
475 | wchar_t (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other |
|
|
476 | encoding without implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and |
|
|
477 | every locale. There simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into |
|
|
478 | anything except the current locale encoding. |
|
|
479 | |
|
|
480 | Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this |
|
|
481 | by carrying their own replacement functions for character set |
|
|
482 | handling with them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or |
|
|
483 | doing multiple conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the |
|
|
484 | OS implements encodings slightly different than the terminal |
|
|
485 | emulator). |
|
|
486 | |
|
|
487 | The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in |
|
|
488 | the system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app |
|
|
489 | to carry complete replacements for them :) |
|
|
490 | |
|
|
491 | I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc. |
|
|
492 | Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst |
|
|
493 | problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem. |
|
|
494 | |
|
|
495 | How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin? |
|
|
496 | rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using |
|
|
497 | the X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no |
|
|
498 | longer supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a |
|
|
499 | single font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or |
|
|
500 | "-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as |
|
|
501 | the old libW11 emulation. |
|
|
502 | |
|
|
503 | At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any |
|
|
504 | multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are |
|
|
505 | likely limited to 8-bit encodings. |
|
|
506 | |
|
|
507 | How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use? |
735 | How does rxvt-unicode determine the encoding to use? |
|
|
736 | See next entry. |
|
|
737 | |
508 | Is there an option to switch encodings? |
738 | Is there an option to switch encodings? |
509 | Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, |
739 | Unlike some other terminals, rxvt-unicode has no encoding switch, and no |
510 | and no specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't |
740 | specific "utf-8" mode, such as xterm. In fact, it doesn't even know |
511 | even know about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to |
741 | about UTF-8 or any other encodings with respect to terminal I/O. |
512 | terminal I/O. |
|
|
513 | |
742 | |
514 | The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for |
743 | The reasons is that there exists a perfectly fine mechanism for |
515 | selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating |
744 | selecting the encoding, doing I/O and (most important) communicating |
516 | this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties |
745 | this to all applications so everybody agrees on character properties |
517 | such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*. |
746 | such as width and code number. This mechanism is the *locale*. |
518 | Applications not using that info will have problems (for example, |
747 | Applications not using that info will have problems (for example, |
519 | "xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses it's own, |
748 | "xterm" gets the width of characters wrong as it uses it's own, |
520 | locale-independent table under all locales). |
749 | locale-independent table under all locales). |
521 | |
750 | |
522 | Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding. |
751 | Rxvt-unicode uses the "LC_CTYPE" locale category to select encoding. All |
523 | All programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree |
752 | programs doing the same (that is, most) will automatically agree in the |
524 | in the interpretation of characters. |
753 | interpretation of characters. |
525 | |
754 | |
526 | Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, |
755 | Unfortunately, there is no system-independent way to select locales, nor |
527 | nor is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like. |
756 | is there a standard on how locale specifiers will look like. |
528 | |
757 | |
529 | On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable |
758 | On most systems, the content of the "LC_CTYPE" environment variable |
530 | contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an |
759 | contains an arbitrary string which corresponds to an already-installed |
531 | already-installed locale. Common names for locales are |
760 | locale. Common names for locales are "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", |
532 | "en_US.UTF-8", "de_DE.ISO-8859-15", "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e. |
761 | "ja_JP.EUC-JP", i.e. "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. |
533 | "language_country.encoding", but other forms (i.e. "de" or "german") |
762 | "de" or "german") are also common. |
534 | are also common. |
|
|
535 | |
763 | |
536 | Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the |
764 | Rxvt-unicode ignores all other locale categories, and except for the |
537 | encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e. |
765 | encoding, ignores country or language-specific settings, i.e. |
538 | "de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to |
766 | "de_DE.UTF-8" and "ja_JP.UTF-8" are the normally same to rxvt-unicode. |
539 | rxvt-unicode. |
|
|
540 | |
767 | |
541 | If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you |
768 | If you want to use a specific encoding you have to make sure you start |
542 | start rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category. |
769 | rxvt-unicode with the correct "LC_CTYPE" category. |
543 | |
770 | |
544 | Can I switch locales at runtime? |
771 | Can I switch locales at runtime? |
545 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets |
772 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which sets |
546 | rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE". |
773 | rxvt-unicode's idea of "LC_CTYPE". |
547 | |
774 | |
|
|
775 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
|
|
776 | |
|
|
777 | See also the previous answer. |
|
|
778 | |
|
|
779 | Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in one |
|
|
780 | locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it (e.g. |
|
|
781 | UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which first |
|
|
782 | switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later: |
|
|
783 | |
548 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
784 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
549 | |
|
|
550 | See also the previous answer. |
|
|
551 | |
|
|
552 | Sometimes this capability is rather handy when you want to work in |
|
|
553 | one locale (e.g. "de_DE.UTF-8") but some programs don't support it |
|
|
554 | (e.g. UTF-8). For example, I use this script to start "xjdic", which |
|
|
555 | first switches to a locale supported by xjdic and back later: |
|
|
556 | |
|
|
557 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' ja_JP.SJIS |
|
|
558 | xjdic -js |
785 | xjdic -js |
559 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8 |
786 | printf '\e]701;%s\007' de_DE.UTF-8 |
560 | |
787 | |
561 | You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine, |
788 | You can also use xterm's "luit" program, which usually works fine, |
562 | except for some locales where character width differs between |
789 | except for some locales where character width differs between program- |
563 | program- and rxvt-unicode-locales. |
790 | and rxvt-unicode-locales. |
564 | |
791 | |
565 | Can I switch the fonts at runtime? |
|
|
566 | Yes, using an escape sequence. Try something like this, which has |
|
|
567 | the same effect as using the "-fn" switch, and takes effect |
|
|
568 | immediately: |
|
|
569 | |
|
|
570 | printf '\e]50;%s\007' "9x15bold,xft:Kochi Gothic" |
|
|
571 | |
|
|
572 | This is useful if you e.g. work primarily with japanese (and prefer |
|
|
573 | a japanese font), but you have to switch to chinese temporarily, |
|
|
574 | where japanese fonts would only be in your way. |
|
|
575 | |
|
|
576 | You can think of this as a kind of manual ISO-2022 switching. |
|
|
577 | |
|
|
578 | Why do italic characters look as if clipped? |
|
|
579 | Many fonts have difficulties with italic characters and hinting. For |
|
|
580 | example, the otherwise very nicely hinted font "xft:Bitstream Vera |
|
|
581 | Sans Mono" completely fails in it's italic face. A workaround might |
|
|
582 | be to enable freetype autohinting, i.e. like this: |
|
|
583 | |
|
|
584 | URxvt.italicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:italic:autohint=true |
|
|
585 | URxvt.boldItalicFont: xft:Bitstream Vera Sans Mono:bold:italic:autohint=true |
|
|
586 | |
|
|
587 | My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do? |
792 | My input method wants <some encoding> but I want UTF-8, what can I do? |
588 | You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest |
793 | You can specify separate locales for the input method and the rest of |
589 | of the terminal, using the resource "imlocale": |
794 | the terminal, using the resource "imlocale": |
590 | |
795 | |
591 | URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP |
796 | URxvt.imlocale: ja_JP.EUC-JP |
592 | |
797 | |
593 | Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and |
798 | Now you can start your terminal with "LC_CTYPE=ja_JP.UTF-8" and still |
594 | still use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not |
799 | use your input method. Please note, however, that you will not be able |
595 | be able to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then, |
800 | to input characters outside "EUC-JP" in a normal way then, as your input |
596 | as your input method limits you. |
801 | method limits you. |
597 | |
802 | |
598 | Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits. |
803 | Rxvt-unicode crashes when the X Input Method changes or exits. |
599 | Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by |
804 | Unfortunately, this is unavoidable, as the XIM protocol is racy by |
600 | design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory |
805 | design. Applications can avoid some crashes at the expense of memory |
601 | leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering |
806 | leaks, and Input Methods can avoid some crashes by careful ordering at |
602 | at exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally |
807 | exit time. kinput2 (and derived input methods) generally succeeds, while |
603 | succeeds, while SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, |
808 | SCIM (or similar input methods) fails. In the end, however, crashes |
604 | however, crashes cannot be completely avoided even if both sides |
809 | cannot be completely avoided even if both sides cooperate. |
605 | cooperate. |
|
|
606 | |
810 | |
607 | So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers. |
811 | So the only workaround is not to kill your Input Method Servers. |
608 | |
812 | |
609 | Rxvt-unicode uses gobs of memory, how can I reduce that? |
813 | Operating Systems / Package Maintaining |
610 | Rxvt-unicode tries to obey the rule of not charging you for |
814 | I am using Debian GNU/Linux and have a problem... |
611 | something you don't use. One thing you should try is to configure |
815 | The Debian GNU/Linux package of rxvt-unicode in sarge contains large |
612 | out all settings that you don't need, for example, Xft support is a |
816 | patches that considerably change the behaviour of rxvt-unicode (but |
613 | resource hog by design, when used. Compiling it out ensures that no |
817 | unfortunately this notice has been removed). Before reporting a bug to |
614 | Xft font will be loaded accidentally when rxvt-unicode tries to find |
818 | the original rxvt-unicode author please download and install the genuine |
615 | a font for your characters. |
819 | version (<http://software.schmorp.de#rxvt-unicode>) and try to reproduce |
|
|
820 | the problem. If you cannot, chances are that the problems are specific |
|
|
821 | to Debian GNU/Linux, in which case it should be reported via the Debian |
|
|
822 | Bug Tracking System (use "reportbug" to report the bug). |
616 | |
823 | |
617 | Also, many people (me included) like large windows and even larger |
824 | For other problems that also affect the Debian package, you can and |
618 | scrollback buffers: Without "--enable-unicode3", rxvt-unicode will |
825 | probably should use the Debian BTS, too, because, after all, it's also a |
619 | use 6 bytes per screen cell. For a 160x?? window this amounts to |
826 | bug in the Debian version and it serves as a reminder for other users |
620 | almost a kilobyte per line. A scrollback buffer of 10000 lines will |
827 | that might encounter the same issue. |
621 | then (if full) use 10 Megabytes of memory. With "--enable-unicode3" |
|
|
622 | it gets worse, as rxvt-unicode then uses 8 bytes per screen cell. |
|
|
623 | |
828 | |
624 | Can I speed up Xft rendering somehow? |
829 | I am maintaining rxvt-unicode for distribution/OS XXX, any recommendation? |
625 | Yes, the most obvious way to speed it up is to avoid Xft entirely, |
830 | You should build one binary with the default options. configure now |
626 | as it is simply slow. If you still want Xft fonts you might try to |
831 | enables most useful options, and the trend goes to making them |
627 | disable antialiasing (by appending ":antialias=false"), which saves |
832 | runtime-switchable, too, so there is usually no drawback to enbaling |
628 | lots of memory and also speeds up rendering considerably. |
833 | them, except higher disk and possibly memory usage. The perl interpreter |
|
|
834 | should be enabled, as important functionality (menus, selection, likely |
|
|
835 | more in the future) depends on it. |
629 | |
836 | |
630 | Rxvt-unicode doesn't seem to anti-alias its fonts, what is wrong? |
837 | You should not overwrite the "perl-ext-common" snd "perl-ext" resources |
631 | Rxvt-unicode will use whatever you specify as a font. If it needs to |
838 | system-wide (except maybe with "defaults"). This will result in useful |
632 | fall back to it's default font search list it will prefer X11 core |
839 | behaviour. If your distribution aims at low memory, add an empty |
633 | fonts, because they are small and fast, and then use Xft fonts. It |
840 | "perl-ext-common" resource to the app-defaults file. This will keep the |
634 | has antialiasing disabled for most of them, because the author |
841 | perl interpreter disabled until the user enables it. |
635 | thinks they look best that way. |
|
|
636 | |
842 | |
637 | If you want antialiasing, you have to specify the fonts manually. |
843 | If you can/want build more binaries, I recommend building a minimal one |
|
|
844 | with "--disable-everything" (very useful) and a maximal one with |
|
|
845 | "--enable-everything" (less useful, it will be very big due to a lot of |
|
|
846 | encodings built-in that increase download times and are rarely used). |
638 | |
847 | |
639 | Mouse cut/paste suddenly no longer works. |
848 | I need to make it setuid/setgid to support utmp/ptys on my OS, is this safe? |
640 | Make sure that mouse reporting is actually turned off since killing |
849 | It should be, starting with release 7.1. You are encouraged to properly |
641 | some editors prematurely may leave the mouse in mouse report mode. |
850 | install urxvt with privileges necessary for your OS now. |
642 | I've heard that tcsh may use mouse reporting unless it otherwise |
|
|
643 | specified. A quick check is to see if cut/paste works when the Alt |
|
|
644 | or Shift keys are depressed. |
|
|
645 | |
851 | |
646 | What's with this bold/blink stuff? |
852 | When rxvt-unicode detects that it runs setuid or setgid, it will fork |
647 | If no bold colour is set via "colorBD:", bold will invert text using |
853 | into a helper process for privileged operations (pty handling on some |
648 | the standard foreground colour. |
854 | systems, utmp/wtmp/lastlog handling on others) and drop privileges |
|
|
855 | immediately. This is much safer than most other terminals that keep |
|
|
856 | privileges while running (but is more relevant to urxvt, as it contains |
|
|
857 | things as perl interpreters, which might be "helpful" to attackers). |
649 | |
858 | |
650 | For the standard background colour, blinking will actually make the |
859 | This forking is done as the very first within main(), which is very |
651 | text blink when compiled with "--enable-blinking". with standard |
860 | early and reduces possible bugs to initialisation code run before |
652 | colours. Without "--enable-blinking", the blink attribute will be |
861 | main(), or things like the dynamic loader of your system, which should |
653 | ignored. |
862 | result in very little risk. |
654 | |
863 | |
655 | On ANSI colours, bold/blink attributes are used to set |
864 | On Solaris 9, many line-drawing characters are too wide. |
656 | high-intensity foreground/background colors. |
865 | Seems to be a known bug, read |
|
|
866 | <http://nixdoc.net/files/forum/about34198.html>. Some people use the |
|
|
867 | following ugly workaround to get non-double-wide-characters working: |
657 | |
868 | |
658 | color0-7 are the low-intensity colors. |
869 | #define wcwidth(x) wcwidth(x) > 1 ? 1 : wcwidth(x) |
659 | |
870 | |
660 | color8-15 are the corresponding high-intensity colors. |
871 | I am on FreeBSD and rxvt-unicode does not seem to work at all. |
|
|
872 | Rxvt-unicode requires the symbol "__STDC_ISO_10646__" to be defined in |
|
|
873 | your compile environment, or an implementation that implements it, |
|
|
874 | wether it defines the symbol or not. "__STDC_ISO_10646__" requires that |
|
|
875 | wchar_t is represented as unicode. |
661 | |
876 | |
662 | I don't like the screen colors. How do I change them? |
877 | As you might have guessed, FreeBSD does neither define this symobl nor |
663 | You can change the screen colors at run-time using ~/.Xdefaults |
878 | does it support it. Instead, it uses it's own internal representation of |
664 | resources (or as long-options). |
879 | wchar_t. This is, of course, completely fine with respect to standards. |
665 | |
880 | |
666 | Here are values that are supposed to resemble a VGA screen, |
881 | However, that means rxvt-unicode only works in "POSIX", "ISO-8859-1" and |
667 | including the murky brown that passes for low-intensity yellow: |
882 | "UTF-8" locales under FreeBSD (which all use Unicode as wchar_t. |
668 | |
883 | |
669 | URxvt.color0: #000000 |
884 | "__STDC_ISO_10646__" is the only sane way to support multi-language apps |
670 | URxvt.color1: #A80000 |
885 | in an OS, as using a locale-dependent (and non-standardized) |
671 | URxvt.color2: #00A800 |
886 | representation of wchar_t makes it impossible to convert between wchar_t |
672 | URxvt.color3: #A8A800 |
887 | (as used by X11 and your applications) and any other encoding without |
673 | URxvt.color4: #0000A8 |
888 | implementing OS-specific-wrappers for each and every locale. There |
674 | URxvt.color5: #A800A8 |
889 | simply are no APIs to convert wchar_t into anything except the current |
675 | URxvt.color6: #00A8A8 |
890 | locale encoding. |
676 | URxvt.color7: #A8A8A8 |
|
|
677 | |
891 | |
678 | URxvt.color8: #000054 |
892 | Some applications (such as the formidable mlterm) work around this by |
679 | URxvt.color9: #FF0054 |
893 | carrying their own replacement functions for character set handling with |
680 | URxvt.color10: #00FF54 |
894 | them, and either implementing OS-dependent hacks or doing multiple |
681 | URxvt.color11: #FFFF54 |
895 | conversions (which is slow and unreliable in case the OS implements |
682 | URxvt.color12: #0000FF |
896 | encodings slightly different than the terminal emulator). |
683 | URxvt.color13: #FF00FF |
|
|
684 | URxvt.color14: #00FFFF |
|
|
685 | URxvt.color15: #FFFFFF |
|
|
686 | |
897 | |
687 | And here is a more complete set of non-standard colors described |
898 | The rxvt-unicode author insists that the right way to fix this is in the |
688 | (not by me) as "pretty girly". |
899 | system libraries once and for all, instead of forcing every app to carry |
|
|
900 | complete replacements for them :) |
689 | |
901 | |
690 | URxvt.cursorColor: #dc74d1 |
902 | I use Solaris 9 and it doesn't compile/work/etc. |
691 | URxvt.pointerColor: #dc74d1 |
903 | Try the diff in doc/solaris9.patch as a base. It fixes the worst |
692 | URxvt.background: #0e0e0e |
904 | problems with "wcwidth" and a compile problem. |
693 | URxvt.foreground: #4ad5e1 |
|
|
694 | URxvt.color0: #000000 |
|
|
695 | URxvt.color8: #8b8f93 |
|
|
696 | URxvt.color1: #dc74d1 |
|
|
697 | URxvt.color9: #dc74d1 |
|
|
698 | URxvt.color2: #0eb8c7 |
|
|
699 | URxvt.color10: #0eb8c7 |
|
|
700 | URxvt.color3: #dfe37e |
|
|
701 | URxvt.color11: #dfe37e |
|
|
702 | URxvt.color5: #9e88f0 |
|
|
703 | URxvt.color13: #9e88f0 |
|
|
704 | URxvt.color6: #73f7ff |
|
|
705 | URxvt.color14: #73f7ff |
|
|
706 | URxvt.color7: #e1dddd |
|
|
707 | URxvt.color15: #e1dddd |
|
|
708 | |
905 | |
709 | How can I start rxvtd in a race-free way? |
906 | How can I use rxvt-unicode under cygwin? |
710 | Try "rxvtd -f -o", which tells rxvtd to open the display, create the |
907 | rxvt-unicode should compile and run out of the box on cygwin, using the |
711 | listening socket and then fork. |
908 | X11 libraries that come with cygwin. libW11 emulation is no longer |
|
|
909 | supported (and makes no sense, either, as it only supported a single |
|
|
910 | font). I recommend starting the X-server in "-multiwindow" or |
|
|
911 | "-rootless" mode instead, which will result in similar look&feel as the |
|
|
912 | old libW11 emulation. |
712 | |
913 | |
713 | What's with the strange Backspace/Delete key behaviour? |
914 | At the time of this writing, cygwin didn't seem to support any |
714 | Assuming that the physical Backspace key corresponds to the |
915 | multi-byte encodings (you might try "LC_CTYPE=C-UTF-8"), so you are |
715 | BackSpace keysym (not likely for Linux ... see the following |
916 | likely limited to 8-bit encodings. |
716 | question) there are two standard values that can be used for |
|
|
717 | Backspace: "^H" and "^?". |
|
|
718 | |
917 | |
719 | Historically, either value is correct, but rxvt-unicode adopts the |
|
|
720 | debian policy of using "^?" when unsure, because it's the one only |
|
|
721 | only correct choice :). |
|
|
722 | |
|
|
723 | Rxvt-unicode tries to inherit the current stty settings and uses the |
|
|
724 | value of `erase' to guess the value for backspace. If rxvt-unicode |
|
|
725 | wasn't started from a terminal (say, from a menu or by remote |
|
|
726 | shell), then the system value of `erase', which corresponds to |
|
|
727 | CERASE in <termios.h>, will be used (which may not be the same as |
|
|
728 | your stty setting). |
|
|
729 | |
|
|
730 | For starting a new rxvt-unicode: |
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|
731 | |
|
|
732 | # use Backspace = ^H |
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|
733 | $ stty erase ^H |
|
|
734 | $ rxvt |
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735 | |
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|
736 | # use Backspace = ^? |
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|
737 | $ stty erase ^? |
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|
738 | $ rxvt |
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|
739 | |
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|
740 | Toggle with "ESC [ 36 h" / "ESC [ 36 l". |
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|
741 | |
|
|
742 | For an existing rxvt-unicode: |
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|
743 | |
|
|
744 | # use Backspace = ^H |
|
|
745 | $ stty erase ^H |
|
|
746 | $ echo -n "^[[36h" |
|
|
747 | |
|
|
748 | # use Backspace = ^? |
|
|
749 | $ stty erase ^? |
|
|
750 | $ echo -n "^[[36l" |
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|
751 | |
|
|
752 | This helps satisfy some of the Backspace discrepancies that occur, |
|
|
753 | but if you use Backspace = "^H", make sure that the termcap/terminfo |
|
|
754 | value properly reflects that. |
|
|
755 | |
|
|
756 | The Delete key is a another casualty of the ill-defined Backspace |
|
|
757 | problem. To avoid confusion between the Backspace and Delete keys, |
|
|
758 | the Delete key has been assigned an escape sequence to match the |
|
|
759 | vt100 for Execute ("ESC [ 3 ~") and is in the supplied |
|
|
760 | termcap/terminfo. |
|
|
761 | |
|
|
762 | Some other Backspace problems: |
|
|
763 | |
|
|
764 | some editors use termcap/terminfo, some editors (vim I'm told) |
|
|
765 | expect Backspace = ^H, GNU Emacs (and Emacs-like editors) use ^H for |
|
|
766 | help. |
|
|
767 | |
|
|
768 | Perhaps someday this will all be resolved in a consistent manner. |
|
|
769 | |
|
|
770 | I don't like the key-bindings. How do I change them? |
|
|
771 | There are some compile-time selections available via configure. |
|
|
772 | Unless you have run "configure" with the "--disable-resources" |
|
|
773 | option you can use the `keysym' resource to alter the keystrings |
|
|
774 | associated with keysyms. |
|
|
775 | |
|
|
776 | Here's an example for a URxvt session started using "rxvt -name |
|
|
777 | URxvt" |
|
|
778 | |
|
|
779 | URxvt.keysym.Home: \033[1~ |
|
|
780 | URxvt.keysym.End: \033[4~ |
|
|
781 | URxvt.keysym.C-apostrophe: \033<C-'> |
|
|
782 | URxvt.keysym.C-slash: \033<C-/> |
|
|
783 | URxvt.keysym.C-semicolon: \033<C-;> |
|
|
784 | URxvt.keysym.C-grave: \033<C-`> |
|
|
785 | URxvt.keysym.C-comma: \033<C-,> |
|
|
786 | URxvt.keysym.C-period: \033<C-.> |
|
|
787 | URxvt.keysym.C-0x60: \033<C-`> |
|
|
788 | URxvt.keysym.C-Tab: \033<C-Tab> |
|
|
789 | URxvt.keysym.C-Return: \033<C-Return> |
|
|
790 | URxvt.keysym.S-Return: \033<S-Return> |
|
|
791 | URxvt.keysym.S-space: \033<S-Space> |
|
|
792 | URxvt.keysym.M-Up: \033<M-Up> |
|
|
793 | URxvt.keysym.M-Down: \033<M-Down> |
|
|
794 | URxvt.keysym.M-Left: \033<M-Left> |
|
|
795 | URxvt.keysym.M-Right: \033<M-Right> |
|
|
796 | URxvt.keysym.M-C-0: list \033<M-C- 0123456789 > |
|
|
797 | URxvt.keysym.M-C-a: list \033<M-C- abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz > |
|
|
798 | URxvt.keysym.F12: command:\033]701;zh_CN.GBK\007 |
|
|
799 | |
|
|
800 | See some more examples in the documentation for the keysym resource. |
|
|
801 | |
|
|
802 | I'm using keyboard model XXX that has extra Prior/Next/Insert keys. How |
|
|
803 | do I make use of them? For example, the Sun Keyboard type 4 has the |
|
|
804 | following mappings that rxvt-unicode doesn't recognize. |
|
|
805 | KP_Insert == Insert |
|
|
806 | F22 == Print |
|
|
807 | F27 == Home |
|
|
808 | F29 == Prior |
|
|
809 | F33 == End |
|
|
810 | F35 == Next |
|
|
811 | |
|
|
812 | Rather than have rxvt-unicode try to accommodate all the various |
|
|
813 | possible keyboard mappings, it is better to use `xmodmap' to remap |
|
|
814 | the keys as required for your particular machine. |
|
|
815 | |
|
|
816 | How do I distinguish wether I'm running rxvt-unicode or a regular xterm? |
|
|
817 | I need this to decide about setting colors etc. |
|
|
818 | rxvt and rxvt-unicode always export the variable "COLORTERM", so you |
|
|
819 | can check and see if that is set. Note that several programs, JED, |
|
|
820 | slrn, Midnight Commander automatically check this variable to decide |
|
|
821 | whether or not to use color. |
|
|
822 | |
|
|
823 | How do I set the correct, full IP address for the DISPLAY variable? |
|
|
824 | If you've compiled rxvt-unicode with DISPLAY_IS_IP and have enabled |
|
|
825 | insecure mode then it is possible to use the following shell script |
|
|
826 | snippets to correctly set the display. If your version of |
|
|
827 | rxvt-unicode wasn't also compiled with ESCZ_ANSWER (as assumed in |
|
|
828 | these snippets) then the COLORTERM variable can be used to |
|
|
829 | distinguish rxvt-unicode from a regular xterm. |
|
|
830 | |
|
|
831 | Courtesy of Chuck Blake <cblake@BBN.COM> with the following shell |
|
|
832 | script snippets: |
|
|
833 | |
|
|
834 | # Bourne/Korn/POSIX family of shells: |
|
|
835 | [ ${TERM:-foo} = foo ] && TERM=xterm # assume an xterm if we don't know |
|
|
836 | if [ ${TERM:-foo} = xterm ]; then |
|
|
837 | stty -icanon -echo min 0 time 15 # see if enhanced rxvt or not |
|
|
838 | echo -n '^[Z' |
|
|
839 | read term_id |
|
|
840 | stty icanon echo |
|
|
841 | if [ ""${term_id} = '^[[?1;2C' -a ${DISPLAY:-foo} = foo ]; then |
|
|
842 | echo -n '^[[7n' # query the rxvt we are in for the DISPLAY string |
|
|
843 | read DISPLAY # set it in our local shell |
|
|
844 | fi |
|
|
845 | fi |
|
|
846 | |
|
|
847 | How do I compile the manual pages for myself? |
|
|
848 | You need to have a recent version of perl installed as |
|
|
849 | /usr/bin/perl, one that comes with pod2man, pod2text and pod2html. |
|
|
850 | Then go to the doc subdirectory and enter "make alldoc". |
|
|
851 | |
|
|
852 | My question isn't answered here, can I ask a human? |
|
|
853 | Before sending me mail, you could go to IRC: "irc.freenode.net", |
|
|
854 | channel "#rxvt-unicode" has some rxvt-unicode enthusiasts that might |
|
|
855 | be interested in learning about new and exciting problems (but not |
|
|
856 | FAQs :). |
|
|
857 | |
|
|