/*
 * This file is part of Deliantra, the Roguelike Realtime MMORPG.
 * 
 * Copyright (©) 2005,2006,2007 Marc Alexander Lehmann / Robin Redeker / the Deliantra team
 * Copyright (©) 2003,2007 Mark Wedel & Crossfire Development Team
 * Copyright (©) 1992,2007 Frank Tore Johansen
 * 
 * Deliantra is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 * 
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 * 
 * The authors can be reached via e-mail to <support@deliantra.net>
 */

#include <global.h>
#include <object.h>
#include <sproto.h>
#include <living.h>
#include <skills.h>
#include <spells.h>
#include <book.h>

/* adj_stealchance() - increased values indicate better attempts */
static int
adj_stealchance (object *op, object *victim, int roll)
{
  object *equip;

  if (!op || !victim || !roll)
    return -1;

  /* Only prohibit stealing if the player does not have a free
   * hand available and in fact does have hands.
   */
  if (op->type == PLAYER && op->slot[body_arm].used <= 0 && op->slot[body_arm].info)
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "But you have no free hands to steal with!");
      return -1;
    }

  /* ADJUSTMENTS */

  /* Its harder to steal from hostile beings! */
  if (!QUERY_FLAG (victim, FLAG_UNAGGRESSIVE))
    roll = roll / 2;

  /* Easier to steal from sleeping beings, or if the thief is 
   * unseen */
  if (QUERY_FLAG (victim, FLAG_SLEEP))
    roll = roll * 3;
  else if (op->invisible)
    roll = roll * 2;

  /* check stealing 'encumberance'. Having this equipment applied makes
   * it quite a bit harder to steal. 
   */
  for (equip = op->inv; equip; equip = equip->below)
    {
      if (equip->type == WEAPON && QUERY_FLAG (equip, FLAG_APPLIED))
        {
          roll -= equip->weight / 10000;
        }
      if (equip->type == BOW && QUERY_FLAG (equip, FLAG_APPLIED))
        roll -= equip->weight / 5000;
      if (equip->type == SHIELD && QUERY_FLAG (equip, FLAG_APPLIED))
        {
          roll -= equip->weight / 2000;
        }
      if (equip->type == ARMOUR && QUERY_FLAG (equip, FLAG_APPLIED))
        roll -= equip->weight / 5000;
      if (equip->type == GLOVES && QUERY_FLAG (equip, FLAG_APPLIED))
        roll -= equip->weight / 100;
    }
  if (roll < 0)
    roll = 0;
  return roll;
}

/* 
 * When stealing: dependent on the intelligence/wisdom of whom you're
 * stealing from (op in attempt_steal), offset by your dexterity and
 * skill at stealing. They may notice your attempt, whether successful
 * or not. 
 * op is the target (person being pilfered)
 * who is the person doing the stealing.
 * skill is the skill object (stealing).
 */
static int
attempt_steal (object *op, object *who, object *skill)
{
  object *success = NULL, *tmp = NULL, *next;
  int roll = 0, chance = 0, stats_value;
  rv_vector rv;

  stats_value = ((who->stats.Dex + who->stats.Int) * 3) / 2;

  /* if the victim is aware of a thief in the area (FLAG_NO_STEAL set on them)
   * they will try to prevent stealing if they can. Only unseen theives will
   * have much chance of success. 
   */
  if (op->type != PLAYER && QUERY_FLAG (op, FLAG_NO_STEAL))
    {
      if (can_detect_enemy (op, who, &rv))
        {
          npc_call_help (op);
          CLEAR_FLAG (op, FLAG_UNAGGRESSIVE);
          new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, who, "Your attempt is prevented!");
          return 0;
        }
      else                      /* help npc to detect thief next time by raising its wisdom */
        op->stats.Wis += (op->stats.Int / 5) + 1;
      if (op->stats.Wis > MAX_STAT)
        op->stats.Wis = MAX_STAT;
    }

  if (op->type == PLAYER && QUERY_FLAG (op, FLAG_WIZ))
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, who, "You can't steal from the dungeon master!\n");
      return 0;
    }

  // only allow stealing between hostile players (TODO: probably should change)
  if (op->type == PLAYER && who->type == PLAYER && (who->contr->peaceful || op->contr->peaceful))
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, who, "You can't steal from other players!\n");
      return 0;
    }

  /* Ok then, go thru their inventory, stealing */
  for (tmp = op->inv; tmp; tmp = next)
    {
      next = tmp->below;

      /* you can't steal worn items, starting items, wiz stuff, 
       * innate abilities, or items w/o a type. Generally 
       * speaking, the invisibility flag prevents experience or
       * abilities from being stolen since these types are currently
       * always invisible objects. I was implicit here so as to prevent
       * future possible problems. -b.t. 
       * Flesh items generated w/ fix_flesh_item should have FLAG_NO_STEAL 
       * already  -b.t. 
       */

      if (QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_APPLIED)
          || !tmp->type
          || tmp->type == SPELL
          || QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_STARTEQUIP)
          || QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_NO_STEAL)
          || tmp->invisible)
        continue;

      /* Okay, try stealing this item. Dependent on dexterity of thief,
       * skill level, see the adj_stealroll fctn for more detail. 
       */

      roll = die_roll (2, 100, who, PREFER_LOW) / 2;    /* weighted 1-100 */

      if ((chance = adj_stealchance (who, op, (stats_value + skill->level * 10 - op->level * 3))) == -1)
        return 0;
      else if (roll < chance)
        {
          pick_up (who, tmp);
          /* need to see if the player actually stole this item -
           * if it is in the players inv, assume it is.  This prevents
           * abuses where the player can not carry the item, so just
           * keeps stealing it over and over.
           */
          if (tmp->destroyed () || tmp->env != op)
            {
              /* for players, play_sound: steals item */
              success = tmp;
              CLEAR_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_INV_LOCKED);

              /* Don't delete it from target player until we know
               * the thief has picked it up.  can't just look at tmp->count,
               * as it's possible that it got merged when picked up.
               */
              if (op->type == PLAYER)
                esrv_del_item (op->contr, tmp->count);
            }
          break;
        }
    }                           /* for loop looking for an item */

  if (!tmp)
    {
      new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, who, "%s%s has nothing you can steal!", op->type == PLAYER ? "" : "The ", query_name (op));
      return 0;
    }

  /* If you arent high enough level, you might get something BUT
   * the victim will notice your stealing attempt. Ditto if you
   * attempt to steal something heavy off them, they're bound to notice 
   */

  if ((roll >= skill->level) || !chance
      || (tmp && tmp->weight > (250 * (random_roll (0, stats_value + skill->level * 10 - 1, who, PREFER_LOW)))))
    {

      /* victim figures out where the thief is! */
      if (who->hide)
        make_visible (who);

      if (op->type != PLAYER)
        {
          /* The unaggressives look after themselves 8) */
          if (who->type == PLAYER)
            {
              npc_call_help (op);
              new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, who, "%s notices your attempted pilfering!", query_name (op));
            }
          CLEAR_FLAG (op, FLAG_UNAGGRESSIVE);
          /* all remaining npc items are guarded now. Set flag NO_STEAL 
           * on the victim. 
           */
          SET_FLAG (op, FLAG_NO_STEAL);
        }
      else
        {                       /* stealing from another player */
          char buf[MAX_BUF];

          /* Notify the other player */
          if (success && who->stats.Int > random_roll (0, 19, op, PREFER_LOW))
            {
              sprintf (buf, "Your %s is missing!", query_name (success));
            }
          else
            {
              sprintf (buf, "Your pack feels strangely lighter.");
            }
          new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, buf);
          if (!success)
            {
              if (who->invisible)
                {
                  sprintf (buf, "you feel itchy fingers getting at your pack.");
                }
              else
                {
                  sprintf (buf, "%s looks very shifty.", query_name (who));
                }
              new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, buf);
            }
        }                       /* else stealing from another player */
      /* play_sound("stop! thief!"); kindofthing */
    }                           /* if you weren't 100% successful */
  return success ? 1 : 0;
}

int
steal (object *op, int dir, object *skill)
{
  object *tmp, *next;
  sint16 x, y;
  maptile *m;
  int mflags;

  x = op->x + freearr_x[dir];
  y = op->y + freearr_y[dir];

  if (dir == 0)
    {
      /* Can't steal from ourself! */
      return 0;
    }

  m = op->map;
  mflags = get_map_flags (m, &m, x, y, &x, &y);
  /* Out of map - can't do it.  If nothing alive on this space,
   * don't need to look any further.
   */
  if ((mflags & P_OUT_OF_MAP) || !(mflags & P_IS_ALIVE))
    return 0;

  /* If player can't move onto the space, can't steal from it. */
  if (OB_TYPE_MOVE_BLOCK (op, GET_MAP_MOVE_BLOCK (m, x, y)))
    return 0;

  /* Find the topmost object at this spot */
  for (tmp = GET_MAP_OB (m, x, y); tmp != NULL && tmp->above != NULL; tmp = tmp->above);

  /* For all the stacked objects at this point, attempt a steal */
  for (; tmp != NULL; tmp = next)
    {
      next = tmp->below;
      /* Minor hack--for multi square beings - make sure we get 
       * the 'head' coz 'tail' objects have no inventory! - b.t. 
       */
      if (tmp->head)
        tmp = tmp->head;

      if (tmp->type != PLAYER && !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_MONSTER))
        continue;

      /* do not reveal hidden DMs */
      if (tmp->type == PLAYER && QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_WIZ) && tmp->contr->hidden)
        continue;
      if (attempt_steal (tmp, op, skill))
        {
          if (tmp->type == PLAYER)      /* no xp for stealing from another player */
            return 0;

          /* no xp for stealing from pets (of players) */
          if (QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_FRIENDLY) && tmp->attack_movement == PETMOVE)
            {
              object *owner = tmp->owner;

              if (owner != NULL && owner->type == PLAYER)
                return 0;
            }

          // reduce monster experience by experience we gained, as to
          // limit the amount of exp that can be gained by stealing from monsters
          // (jessies gave ~20,000,000 exp otherwise.
          int exp = calc_skill_exp (op, tmp, skill);

          exp = MIN (tmp->stats.exp, exp);
          tmp->stats.exp -= exp;
          return exp;
        }
    }
  return 0;
}

static int
attempt_pick_lock (object *door, object *pl, object *skill)
{
  int difficulty = pl->map->difficulty ? pl->map->difficulty : 0;
  int success = 0, number;      /* did we get anything? */


  /* Try to pick the lock on this item (doors only for now). 
   * Dependent on dexterity/skill SK_level of the player and  
   * the map level difficulty. 
   */
  number = (die_roll (2, 40, pl, PREFER_LOW) - 2) / 2;
  if (number < (pl->stats.Dex + skill->level - difficulty))
    {
      remove_door (door);
      success = 1;
    }
  else if (door->inv && (door->inv->type == RUNE || door->inv->type == TRAP))
    {                           /* set off any traps? */
      spring_trap (door->inv, pl);
    }
  return success;
}


/* Implementation by bt. (thomas@astro.psu.edu)
 * monster implementation 7-7-95 by bt.
 */

int
pick_lock (object *pl, int dir, object *skill)
{
  object *tmp;
  int x = pl->x + freearr_x[dir];
  int y = pl->y + freearr_y[dir];

  if (!dir)
    dir = pl->facing;

  /* For all the stacked objects at this point find a door */
  if (out_of_map (pl->map, x, y))
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "There is no lock there.");
      return 0;
    }

  for (tmp = GET_MAP_OB (pl->map, x, y); tmp; tmp = tmp->above)
    if (tmp->type == DOOR || tmp->type == LOCKED_DOOR)
      break;

  if (!tmp)
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "There is no lock there.");
      return 0;
    }
  if (tmp->type == LOCKED_DOOR)
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You can't pick that lock!");
      return 0;
    }

  if (!tmp->move_block)
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "The door has no lock!");
      return 0;
    }

  if (attempt_pick_lock (tmp, pl, skill))
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You pick the lock.");
      return calc_skill_exp (pl, NULL, skill);
    }
  else
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You fail to pick the lock.");
      return 0;
    }
}

/* HIDE CODE. The user becomes undetectable (not just 'invisible') for
 * a short while (success and duration dependant on player SK_level,
 * dexterity, charisma, and map difficulty). 
 * Players have a good chance of becoming 'unhidden' if they move
 * and like invisiblity will be come visible if they attack
 * Implemented by b.t. (thomas@astro.psu.edu)
 * July 7, 1995 - made hiding possible for monsters. -b.t.
 */
static int
attempt_hide (object *op, object *skill)
{
  int number, difficulty = op->map->difficulty;
  int terrain = hideability (op);

  if (terrain < -10)            /* not enough cover here */
    return 0;

  /*  Hiding success and duration dependant on skill level,
   *  op->stats.Dex, map difficulty and terrain. 
   */
  number = (die_roll (2, 25, op, PREFER_LOW) - 2) / 2;

  if (!stand_near_hostile (op) && (number < (op->stats.Dex + skill->level + terrain - difficulty)))
    {
      op->invisible += 100;     /* set the level of 'hiddeness' */

      if (op->type == PLAYER)
        op->contr->tmp_invis = 1;

      op->hide = 1;
      return 1;
    }

  return 0;
}

/* patched this to take terrain into consideration */
int
hide (object *op, object *skill)
{
  /* the preliminaries -- Can we really hide now? */
  /* this keeps monsters from using invisibilty spells and hiding */

  if (QUERY_FLAG (op, FLAG_MAKE_INVIS))
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "You don't need to hide while invisible!");
      return 0;
    }
  else if (!op->hide && op->invisible > 0 && op->type == PLAYER)
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "Your attempt to hide breaks the invisibility spell!");
      make_visible (op);
    }

  if (op->invisible > 50 * skill->level)
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "You are as hidden as you can get.");
      return 0;
    }

  if (attempt_hide (op, skill))
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "You hide in the shadows.");
      update_object (op, UP_OBJ_FACE);
      return calc_skill_exp (op, NULL, skill);
    }

  new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "You fail to conceal yourself.");
  return 0;
}

/* stop_jump() - End of jump. Clear flags, restore the map, and 
 * freeze the jumper a while to simulate the exhaustion
 * of jumping.
 */
static void
stop_jump (object *pl, int dist, int spaces)
{
  pl->update_stats ();
  pl->map->insert (pl, pl->x, pl->y, pl);
}

static int
attempt_jump (object *pl, int dir, int spaces, object *skill)
{
  object *tmp;
  int i, exp = 0, dx = freearr_x[dir], dy = freearr_y[dir], mflags;
  sint16 x, y;
  maptile *m;

  /* Jump loop. Go through spaces object wants to jump. Halt the
   * jump if a wall or creature is in the way. We set FLAG_FLYING
   * temporarily to allow player to aviod exits/archs that are not 
   * fly_on, fly_off. This will also prevent pickup of objects
   * while jumping over them.  
   */
  pl->remove ();

  /* 
   * I don't think this is actually needed - all the movement
   * code is handled in this function, and I don't see anyplace
   * that cares about the move_type being flying.
   */
  pl->move_type |= MOVE_FLY_LOW;

  for (i = 0; i <= spaces; i++)
    {
      x = pl->x + dx;
      y = pl->y + dy;
      m = pl->map;

      mflags = get_map_flags (m, &m, x, y, &x, &y);

      if (mflags & P_OUT_OF_MAP)
        {
          stop_jump (pl, i, spaces);
          return 0;
        }

      if (OB_TYPE_MOVE_BLOCK (pl, GET_MAP_MOVE_BLOCK (m, x, y)))
        {
          new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "Your jump is blocked.");
          stop_jump (pl, i, spaces);
          return 0;
        }

      for (tmp = GET_MAP_OB (m, x, y); tmp; tmp = tmp->above)
        {
          /* Jump into creature */
          if (QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_MONSTER) || (tmp->type == PLAYER && (!QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_WIZ) || !tmp->contr->hidden)))
            {
              new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You jump into %s%s.", tmp->type == PLAYER ? "" : "the ", &tmp->name);

              stop_jump (pl, i, spaces);

              if (tmp->type != PLAYER ||
                  (pl->type == PLAYER && pl->contr->party == NULL) ||
                  (pl->type == PLAYER && tmp->type == PLAYER && pl->contr->party != tmp->contr->party))
                exp = skill_attack (tmp, pl, pl->facing, "kicked", skill);      /* pl makes an attack */

              return exp;       /* note that calc_skill_exp() is already called by skill_attack() */
            }

          /* If the space has fly on set (no matter what the space is),
           * we should get the effects - after all, the player is
           * effectively flying.
           */
          if (tmp->move_on & MOVE_FLY_LOW)
            {
              pl->x = x;
              pl->y = y;
              pl->map = m;
              stop_jump (pl, i, spaces);
              return calc_skill_exp (pl, NULL, skill);
            }
        }

      pl->x = x;
      pl->y = y;
      pl->map = m;
    }

  stop_jump (pl, i, spaces);

  return calc_skill_exp (pl, NULL, skill);
}

/* jump() - this is both a new type of movement for player/monsters and
 * an attack as well.
 * Perhaps we should allow more spaces based on level, eg, level 50
 * jumper can jump several spaces?
 */
int
jump (object *pl, int dir, object *skill)
{
  int str = pl->stats.Str;
  int dex = pl->stats.Dex;

  dex = dex ? dex : 15;
  str = str ? str : 10;

  int stats = str * str * str * dex * skill->level;
  int spaces = min (3, skill->level, stats / (pl->carrying + 1));

  if (spaces == 0)
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You are carrying too much weight to jump.");
      return 0;
    }

  return attempt_jump (pl, dir, spaces, skill);
}

/* skill_ident() - this code is supposed to allow players to identify 
 * classes of objects with the various "auto-ident" skills. Player must 
 * have unidentified objects of the right type in order for the skill
 * to work. While multiple classes of objects may be identified, 
 * this code is kind of yucky -- it would be nice to make it a bit
 * more generalized. Right now, skill indices are embedded in this routine.  
 * Returns amount of experience gained (on successful ident).
 * - b.t. (thomas@astro.psu.edu) 
 */
static int
do_skill_detect_curse (object *pl, object *skill)
{
  object *tmp;
  int success = 0;

  for (tmp = pl->inv; tmp; tmp = tmp->below)
    if (!tmp->invisible
        && !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_IDENTIFIED) && !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_KNOWN_CURSED)
        && (QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_CURSED) || QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_DAMNED)) && tmp->item_power < skill->level)
      {
        SET_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_KNOWN_CURSED);
        esrv_update_item (UPD_FLAGS, pl, tmp);
        success += calc_skill_exp (pl, tmp, skill);
      }

  /* Check ground, too, but only objects the player could pick up */
  for (tmp = GET_MAP_OB (pl->map, pl->x, pl->y); tmp; tmp = tmp->above)
    if (can_pick (pl, tmp) &&
        !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_IDENTIFIED) &&
        !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_KNOWN_CURSED)
        && (QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_CURSED) || QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_DAMNED)) && tmp->item_power < skill->level)
      {
        SET_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_KNOWN_CURSED);
        esrv_update_item (UPD_FLAGS, pl, tmp);
        success += calc_skill_exp (pl, tmp, skill);
      }

  return success;
}

static int
do_skill_detect_magic (object *pl, object *skill)
{
  object *tmp;
  int success = 0;

  for (tmp = pl->inv; tmp; tmp = tmp->below)
    if (!tmp->invisible
        && !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_IDENTIFIED) && !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_KNOWN_MAGICAL)
        && (is_magical (tmp)) && tmp->item_power < skill->level)
      {
        SET_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_KNOWN_MAGICAL);
        esrv_update_item (UPD_FLAGS, pl, tmp);
        success += calc_skill_exp (pl, tmp, skill);
      }

  /* Check ground, too, but like above, only if the object can be picked up */
  for (tmp = GET_MAP_OB (pl->map, pl->x, pl->y); tmp; tmp = tmp->above)
    if (can_pick (pl, tmp) &&
        !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_IDENTIFIED) && !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_KNOWN_MAGICAL) && (is_magical (tmp)) && tmp->item_power < skill->level)
      {
        SET_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_KNOWN_MAGICAL);
        esrv_update_item (UPD_FLAGS, pl, tmp);
        success += calc_skill_exp (pl, tmp, skill);
      }

  return success;
}

/* Helper function for do_skill_ident, so that we can loop
 * over inventory AND objects on the ground conveniently.  
 */
int
do_skill_ident2 (object *tmp, object *pl, int obj_class, object *skill)
{
  int success = 0, chance;
  int skill_value = skill->level * pl->stats.Int ? pl->stats.Int : 10;

  if (!QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_IDENTIFIED) && !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_NO_SKILL_IDENT)
      && need_identify (tmp) && !tmp->invisible && tmp->type == obj_class)
    {
      chance = die_roll (3, 10, pl, PREFER_LOW) - 3 + rndm (0, (tmp->magic ? tmp->magic * 5 : 1) - 1);

      if (skill_value >= chance)
        {
          identify (tmp);

          if (pl->type == PLAYER)
            {
              new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You identify %s.", long_desc (tmp, pl));

              if (tmp->msg)
                {
                  new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "The item has a story:");
                  new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, tmp->msg);
                }

              /* identify will take care of updating the item if it is in the players inventory. IF on map, do it here */
              if (tmp->map)
                esrv_send_item (pl, tmp);
            }
          success += calc_skill_exp (pl, tmp, skill);
        }
      else
        SET_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_NO_SKILL_IDENT);
    }

  return success;
}

/* do_skill_ident() - workhorse for skill_ident() -b.t.
 */
static int
do_skill_ident (object *pl, int obj_class, object *skill)
{
  int success = 0;

  for (object *tmp = pl->inv; tmp; tmp = tmp->below)
    success += do_skill_ident2 (tmp, pl, obj_class, skill);
  /*  check the ground */

  for (object *tmp = pl->ms ().bot; tmp; tmp = tmp->above)
    success += do_skill_ident2 (tmp, pl, obj_class, skill);

  return success;
}

int
skill_ident (object *pl, object *skill)
{
  int success = 0;

  if (pl->type != PLAYER)
    return 0;                   /* only players will skill-identify */

  new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You look at the objects nearby...");

  switch (skill->subtype)
    {
      case SK_SMITHERY:
        success += do_skill_ident (pl, WEAPON, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, ARMOUR, skill)
          + do_skill_ident (pl, BRACERS, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, CLOAK, skill)
          + do_skill_ident (pl, BOOTS, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, SHIELD, skill)
          + do_skill_ident (pl, GIRDLE, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, HELMET, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, GLOVES, skill);
        break;

      case SK_BOWYER:
        success += do_skill_ident (pl, BOW, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, ARROW, skill);
        break;

      case SK_ALCHEMY:
        success += do_skill_ident (pl, POTION, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, POISON, skill)
          + do_skill_ident (pl, CONTAINER, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, DRINK, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, INORGANIC, skill);
        break;

      case SK_WOODSMAN:
        success += do_skill_ident (pl, FOOD, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, DRINK, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, FLESH, skill);
        break;

      case SK_JEWELER:
        success += do_skill_ident (pl, GEM, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, RING, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, AMULET, skill);
        break;

      case SK_LITERACY:
        success += do_skill_ident (pl, SPELLBOOK, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, SCROLL, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, BOOK, skill);
        break;

      case SK_THAUMATURGY:
        success += do_skill_ident (pl, WAND, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, ROD, skill) + do_skill_ident (pl, HORN, skill);
        break;

      case SK_DET_CURSE:
        success = do_skill_detect_curse (pl, skill);
        if (success)
          new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "...and discover cursed items!");
        break;

      case SK_DET_MAGIC:
        success = do_skill_detect_magic (pl, skill);
        if (success)
          new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "...and discover items imbued with mystic forces!");
        break;

      default:
        LOG (llevError, "Error: bad call to skill_ident()\n");
        return 0;
        break;
    }

  if (!success)
    new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "...and learn nothing more.");

  return success;
}

/* players using this skill can 'charm' a monster --
 * into working for them. It can only be used on 
 * non-special (see below) 'neutral' creatures. 
 * -b.t. (thomas@astro.psu.edu)
 */
int
use_oratory (object *pl, int dir, object *skill)
{
  if (pl->type != PLAYER)
    return 0;                   /* only players use this skill */

  sint16 x = pl->x + freearr_x[dir],
         y = pl->y + freearr_y[dir];
  maptile *m = pl->map;

  int mflags = get_map_flags (m, &m, x, y, &x, &y);
  if (mflags & P_OUT_OF_MAP)
    return 0;

  /* Save some processing - we have the flag already anyways
   */
  if (!(mflags & P_IS_ALIVE))
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "There is nothing to orate to.");
      return 0;
    }

  object *tmp;
  for (tmp = GET_MAP_OB (m, x, y); tmp; tmp = tmp->above)
    {
      /* can't persuade players - return because there is nothing else
       * on that space to charm.  Same for multi space monsters and
       * special monsters - we don't allow them to be charmed, and there
       * is no reason to do further processing since they should be the
       * only monster on the space.
       */
      if (tmp->type == PLAYER
          || tmp->more || tmp->head_ () != tmp
          || tmp->msg)
        return 0;

      if (QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_MONSTER))
        break;
    }

  if (!tmp)
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "There is nothing to orate to.");
      return 0;
    }

  new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You orate to the %s.", query_name (tmp));

  /* the following conditions limit who may be 'charmed' */

  /* it's hostile! */
  if (!QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_UNAGGRESSIVE) && !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_FRIENDLY))
    {
      new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "Too bad the %s isn't listening!\n", query_name (tmp));
      return 0;
    }

  /* it's already allied! */
  if (QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_FRIENDLY) && tmp->attack_movement == PETMOVE)
    {
      if (tmp->owner == pl)
        {
          new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "Your follower loves your speech.\n");
          return 0;
        }
      else if (skill->level > tmp->level)
        {
          /* you steal the follower.  Perhaps we should really look at the
           * level of the owner above?
           */
          tmp->set_owner (pl);
          tmp->skill = skill->skill;

          new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You convince the %s to follow you instead!\n", query_name (tmp));
          /* Abuse fix - don't give exp since this can otherwise
           * be used by a couple players to gets lots of exp.
           */
          return 0;
        }
      else
        {
          /* In this case, you can't steal it from the other player */
          return 0;
        }
    }                           /* Creature was already a pet of someone */

  int level = skill->level + (pl->stats.Cha - tmp->stats.Int) / 2;

  /* Ok, got a 'sucker' lets try to make them a follower */
  if (level > 0 && tmp->level < (random_roll (0, level - 1, pl, PREFER_HIGH) - 1))
    {
      new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You convince the %s to become your follower.\n", query_name (tmp));

      tmp->set_owner (pl);
      tmp->skill = skill->skill;
      tmp->stats.exp = 0;
      tmp->attack_movement = PETMOVE;

      if (!QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_FRIENDLY))
        add_friendly_object (tmp);

      return calc_skill_exp (pl, tmp, skill);
    }
  /* Charm failed.  Creature may be angry now */
  else if ((skill->level + ((pl->stats.Cha - 10) / 2)) < random_roll (1, 2 * tmp->level, pl, PREFER_LOW))
    {
      new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "Your speech angers the %s!\n", query_name (tmp));
      if (QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_FRIENDLY))
        {
          remove_friendly_object (tmp);
          tmp->attack_movement = 0;     /* needed? */
        }

      CLEAR_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_UNAGGRESSIVE);
    }

  return 0;                     /* Fall through - if we get here, we didn't charm anything */
}

/* Singing() -this skill allows the player to pacify nearby creatures.
 * There are few limitations on who/what kind of 
 * non-player creatures that may be pacified. Right now, a player
 * may pacify creatures which have Int == 0. In this routine, once
 * successfully pacified the creature gets Int=1. Thus, a player 
 * may only pacify a creature once. 
 * BTW, I appologize for the naming of the skill, I couldnt think
 * of anything better! -b.t. 
 */
int
singing (object *pl, int dir, object *skill)
{
  int i, exp = 0;
  object *tmp;
  maptile *m;
  sint16 x, y;

  if (pl->type != PLAYER)
    return 0;                   /* only players use this skill */

  new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You sing.");
  for (i = 0; i < MIN (skill->level, SIZEOFFREE); i++)
    {
      x = pl->x + freearr_x[i];
      y = pl->y + freearr_y[i];
      m = pl->map;

      int mflags = get_map_flags (m, &m, x, y, &x, &y);
      if (mflags & P_OUT_OF_MAP)
        continue;
      if (!(mflags & P_IS_ALIVE))
        continue;

      for (tmp = GET_MAP_OB (m, x, y); tmp; tmp = tmp->above)
        {
          if (QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_MONSTER))
            break;
          /* can't affect players */
          if (tmp->type == PLAYER)
            break;
        }

      /* Whole bunch of checks to see if this is a type of monster that would
       * listen to singing.
       */
      if (tmp && QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_MONSTER) && !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_NO_STEAL) &&  /* Been charmed or abused before */
          !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_SPLITTING) &&  /* no ears */
          !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_HITBACK) &&    /* was here before */
          (tmp->level <= skill->level) && (!tmp->head) && !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_UNDEAD) && !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_UNAGGRESSIVE) &&     /* already calm */
          !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_FRIENDLY))
        {                       /* already calm */

          /* stealing isn't really related (although, maybe it should
           * be).  This is mainly to prevent singing to the same monster
           * over and over again and getting exp for it.
           */
          int level = skill->level + (pl->stats.Cha - 5 - tmp->stats.Int) / 2;

          if (level && tmp->level < random_roll (0, level - 1, pl, PREFER_HIGH))
            {
              SET_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_UNAGGRESSIVE);
              new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You calm down the %s\n", query_name (tmp));
              /* Give exp only if they are not aware */

              if (!QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_NO_STEAL))
                exp += calc_skill_exp (pl, tmp, skill);

              SET_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_NO_STEAL);
            }
          else
            {
              new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "Too bad the %s isn't listening!\n", query_name (tmp));
              SET_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_NO_STEAL);
            }
        }
    }
  return exp;
}

/* The find_traps skill (aka, search).  Checks for traps
 * on the spaces or in certain objects
 */

int
find_traps (object *pl, object *skill)
{
  object *tmp, *tmp2;
  int i, expsum = 0, mflags;
  sint16 x, y;
  maptile *m;

  /* First we search all around us for runes and traps, which are
   * all type RUNE 
   */

  for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
    {
      x = pl->x + freearr_x[i];
      y = pl->y + freearr_y[i];
      m = pl->map;

      mflags = get_map_flags (m, &m, x, y, &x, &y);
      if (mflags & P_OUT_OF_MAP)
        continue;

      /*  Check everything in the square for trapness */
      for (tmp = GET_MAP_OB (m, x, y); tmp != NULL; tmp = tmp->above)
        {

          /* And now we'd better do an inventory traversal of each
           * of these objects' inventory
           * We can narrow this down a bit - no reason to search through
           * the players inventory or monsters for that matter.
           */
          if (tmp->type != PLAYER && !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_MONSTER))
            {
              for (tmp2 = tmp->inv; tmp2 != NULL; tmp2 = tmp2->below)
                if (tmp2->type == RUNE || tmp2->type == TRAP)
                  if (trap_see (pl, tmp2))
                    {
                      trap_show (tmp2, tmp);
                      if (tmp2->stats.Cha > 1)
                        {
                          if (!tmp2->owner || tmp2->owner->type != PLAYER)
                            expsum += calc_skill_exp (pl, tmp2, skill);

                          tmp2->stats.Cha = 1;  /* unhide the trap */
                        }
                    }
            }
          if ((tmp->type == RUNE || tmp->type == TRAP) && trap_see (pl, tmp))
            {
              trap_show (tmp, tmp);
              if (tmp->stats.Cha > 1)
                {
                  if (!tmp->owner || tmp->owner->type != PLAYER)
                    expsum += calc_skill_exp (pl, tmp, skill);
                  tmp->stats.Cha = 1;   /* unhide the trap */
                }
            }
        }
    }
  new_draw_info (NDI_BLACK, 0, pl, "You search the area.");
  return expsum;
}

/* remove_trap() - This skill will disarm any previously discovered trap 
 * the algorithm is based (almost totally) on the old command_disarm() - b.t. 
 */

int
remove_trap (object *op, int dir, object *skill)
{
  object *tmp, *tmp2;
  int i, success = 0, mflags;
  maptile *m;
  sint16 x, y;

  for (i = 0; i < 9; i++)
    {
      x = op->x + freearr_x[i];
      y = op->y + freearr_y[i];
      m = op->map;

      mflags = get_map_flags (m, &m, x, y, &x, &y);
      if (mflags & P_OUT_OF_MAP)
        continue;

      /* Check everything in the square for trapness */
      for (tmp = GET_MAP_OB (m, x, y); tmp != NULL; tmp = tmp->above)
        {
          /* And now we'd better do an inventory traversal of each
           * of these objects inventory.  Like above, only
           * do this for interesting objects.
           */

          if (tmp->type != PLAYER && !QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_MONSTER))
            {
              for (tmp2 = tmp->inv; tmp2 != NULL; tmp2 = tmp2->below)
                if ((tmp2->type == RUNE || tmp2->type == TRAP) && tmp2->stats.Cha <= 1)
                  {
                    trap_show (tmp2, tmp);
                    if (trap_disarm (op, tmp2, 1, skill) && (!tmp2->owner || tmp2->owner->type != PLAYER))
                      {
                        tmp->stats.exp = tmp->stats.Cha * tmp->level;
                        success += calc_skill_exp (op, tmp2, skill);
                      }
                  }
            }
          if ((tmp->type == RUNE || tmp->type == TRAP) && tmp->stats.Cha <= 1)
            {
              trap_show (tmp, tmp);
              if (trap_disarm (op, tmp, 1, skill) && (!tmp->owner || tmp->owner->type != PLAYER))
                {
                  tmp->stats.exp = tmp->stats.Cha * tmp->level;
                  success += calc_skill_exp (op, tmp, skill);
                }
            }
        }
    }

  return success;
}

/* pray() - when this skill is called from do_skill(), it allows
 * the player to regain lost grace points at a faster rate. -b.t.
 * This always returns 0 - return value is used by calling function
 * such that if it returns true, player gets exp in that skill.  This
 * the effect here can be done on demand, we probably don't want to
 * give infinite exp by returning true in any cases.
 */
int
pray (object *pl, object *skill)
{
  char buf[MAX_BUF];
  object *tmp;

  if (pl->type != PLAYER)
    return 0;

  strcpy (buf, "You pray.");

  /* Check all objects - we could stop at floor objects,
   * but if someone buries an altar, I don't see a problem with
   * going through all the objects, and it shouldn't be much slower
   * than extra checks on object attributes.
   */
  for (tmp = pl->below; tmp != NULL; tmp = tmp->below)
    {
      /* Only if the altar actually belongs to someone do you get special benefits */
      if (tmp && tmp->type == HOLY_ALTAR && tmp->other_arch)
        {
          sprintf (buf, "You pray over the %s.", &tmp->name);
          pray_at_altar (pl, tmp, skill);
          break;                /* Only pray at one altar */
        }
    }

  new_draw_info (NDI_BLACK, 0, pl, buf);

  if (pl->stats.grace < pl->stats.maxgrace)
    {
      pl->stats.grace++;
      pl->last_grace = -1;
    }

  return 0;
}

/* This skill allows the player to regain a few sp or hp for a 
 * brief period of concentration. No armour or weapons may be 
 * wielded/applied for this to work. The amount of time needed
 * to concentrate and the # of points regained is dependant on
 * the level of the user. - b.t. thomas@astro.psu.edu 
 */
void
meditate (object *pl, object *skill)
{
  object *tmp;

  if (pl->type != PLAYER)
    return;                     /* players only */

  /* check if pl has removed encumbering armour and weapons */
  if (QUERY_FLAG (pl, FLAG_READY_WEAPON) && (skill->level < 6))
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You can't concentrate while wielding a weapon!\n");
      return;
    }
  else
    {
      for (tmp = pl->inv; tmp; tmp = tmp->below)
        if (((tmp->type == ARMOUR    && skill->level < 12)
             || (tmp->type == HELMET && skill->level < 10)
             || (tmp->type == SHIELD && skill->level <  6)
             || (tmp->type == BOOTS  && skill->level <  4)
             || (tmp->type == GLOVES && skill->level <  2))
            && QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_APPLIED))
          {
            new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You can't concentrate while wearing so much armour!\n");
            return;
          }
    }

  /* ok let's meditate!  Spell points are regained first, then once
   * they are maxed we get back hp. Actual incrementing of values
   * is handled by the do_some_living() (in player.c). This way magical
   * bonuses for healing/sp regeneration are included properly
   * No matter what, we will eat up some playing time trying to 
   * meditate. (see 'factor' variable for what sets the amount of time) 
   */

  new_draw_info (NDI_BLACK, 0, pl, "You meditate.");

  if (pl->stats.sp < pl->stats.maxsp)
    {
      pl->stats.sp++;
      pl->last_sp = -1;
    }
  else if (pl->stats.hp < pl->stats.maxhp)
    {
      pl->stats.hp++;
      pl->last_heal = -1;
    }
}

/* write_note() - this routine allows players to inscribe messages in 
 * ordinary inscribable 'books' (anything that is not a SPELL). b.t.
 */
static int
write_note (object *pl, object *item, const char *msg, object *skill)
{

  if (strstr (msg, "\nendmsg"))
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "Trying to cheat now are we?");
      return 0;
    }

  int len = strlen (msg);

  if (!is_utf8_string ((U8 *)msg, len))
    {
      new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "Your message is garbled (text must be UTF-8, client-bug)!");
      return 0;
    }

  if (INVOKE_OBJECT (INSCRIBE_NOTE, item, ARG_PLAYER (pl->contr), ARG_STRING (msg), ARG_OBJECT (skill)))
    return RESULT_INT (0);

  char buf[1024];

  if (len < sizeof (buf) - 2)
    {
      snprintf (buf, sizeof (buf), "%s\n", msg);

      object *newbook = arch_to_object (item->other_arch);
      item->decrease ();
      esrv_send_item (pl, item);
      newbook->nrof = 1;
      newbook->msg = buf;
      newbook->flag [FLAG_IDENTIFIED] = true;

      if (item->subtype == 1) // mailscrolls
        {
          newbook->name    = item->name;
          newbook->name_pl = item->name_pl;
        }

      newbook = insert_ob_in_ob (newbook, pl);
      esrv_send_item (pl, newbook);

      pl->contr->play_sound (sound_find ("inscribe_success"));
      new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You write in the %s.", &item->name);
      return strlen (msg);
    }
  else
    new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "Your message won't fit in the %s!", &item->name);

  return 0;
}

/* write_scroll() - this routine allows players to inscribe spell scrolls
 * of spells which they know. Backfire effects are possible with the
 * severity of the backlash correlated with the difficulty of the scroll 
 * that is attempted. -b.t. thomas@astro.psu.edu
 */
static int
write_scroll (object *pl, object *scroll, object *skill)
{
  int success = 0, confused = 0;

  /* Check if we are ready to attempt inscription */
  object *chosen_spell = pl->contr->ranged_ob;

  if (!chosen_spell || chosen_spell->type != SPELL)
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You need a spell readied in order to inscribe!");
      return 0;
    }

  if (SP_level_spellpoint_cost (pl, chosen_spell, SPELL_GRACE) > pl->stats.grace)
    {
      new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You don't have enough grace to write a scroll of %s.", &chosen_spell->name);
      return 0;
    }

  if (SP_level_spellpoint_cost (pl, chosen_spell, SPELL_MANA) > pl->stats.sp)
    {
      new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You don't have enough mana to write a scroll of %s.", &chosen_spell->name);
      return 0;
    }

  /* ok, we are ready to try inscription */
  if (QUERY_FLAG (pl, FLAG_CONFUSED))
    confused = 1;

  /* Lost mana/grace no matter what */
  pl->stats.grace -= SP_level_spellpoint_cost (pl, chosen_spell, SPELL_GRACE);
  pl->stats.sp -= SP_level_spellpoint_cost (pl, chosen_spell, SPELL_MANA);

  if (random_roll (0, chosen_spell->level * 4 - 1, pl, PREFER_LOW) < skill->level)
    {
      object *newscroll = arch_to_object (scroll->other_arch);
      scroll->decrease ();
      newscroll->nrof = 1;

      pl->contr->play_sound (sound_find ("inscribe_success"));

      if (!confused)
        {
          newscroll->level = MAX (skill->level, chosen_spell->level);
          newscroll->flag [FLAG_IDENTIFIED] = true;
          new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You succeed in writing the spell.");
        }
      else
        {
          chosen_spell = find_random_spell_in_ob (pl, NULL);
          if (!chosen_spell)
            return 0;

          newscroll->level = MAX (skill->level, chosen_spell->level);
          new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "In your confused state, you write down some odd spell.");
        }

      object *tmp = chosen_spell->clone ();
      insert_ob_in_ob (tmp, newscroll);

      /* Same code as from treasure.C - so they can better merge.
       * if players want to sell them, so be it.
       */
      newscroll->value = newscroll->arch->value * newscroll->inv->value * (newscroll->level + 50) / (newscroll->inv->level + 50);
      newscroll->stats.exp = newscroll->value / 5;

      newscroll = insert_ob_in_ob (newscroll, pl);
      esrv_send_item (pl, newscroll);

      success = calc_skill_exp (pl, newscroll, skill);
      if (!confused)
        success *= 2;

      success = success * skill->level;
      return success;
    }
  else
    {                           /* Inscription has failed */
      pl->contr->play_sound (sound_find ("inscribe_fail"));

      if (chosen_spell->level > skill->level || confused)
        {                       /*backfire! */
          new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "Ouch! Your attempt to write a new scroll strains your mind!");

          if (random_roll (0, 1, pl, PREFER_LOW) == 1)
            pl->drain_specific_stat (4);
          else
            {
              confuse_player (pl, pl, 99);
              return -30 * chosen_spell->level;
            }
        }
      else if (random_roll (0, pl->stats.Int - 1, pl, PREFER_HIGH) < 15)
        {
          new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "Your attempt to write a new scroll rattles your mind! H<Frankly spoken, you were too dumb and unlucky.>");
          confuse_player (pl, pl, 99);
        }
      else
        new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You fail to write a new scroll. H<Try a lower-level spell, if possible at all.>");
    }

  return 0;
}

/* write_on_item() - wrapper for write_note and write_scroll */
int
write_on_item (object *pl, const char *params, object *skill)
{
  archetype *skat;

  if (pl->type != PLAYER)
    return 0;

  if (!params)
    params = "";

  skat = get_archetype_by_type_subtype (SKILL, SK_LITERACY);

  /* Need to be able to read before we can write! */
  if (!find_skill_by_name (pl, skat->skill))
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You must learn to read before you can write! H<You lack the literacy skill.>");
      return 0;
    }

  object *item = find_marked_object (pl);

  /* find an item of correct type to write on */
  if (!item)
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You don't have any marked item to write on. H<Use the mark command or the popup menu to makr an item.>");
      return 0;
    }

  if (item->type != INSCRIBABLE)
    {
      new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You cannot inscribe this! H<You can only inscribe empty scrolls and books.>");
      return 0;
    }

  if (QUERY_FLAG (item, FLAG_UNPAID))
    {
      new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl, "You had better pay for that before you write on it.");
      return 0;
    }

  if (item->other_arch->type == SCROLL)
    {
      if (*params)
        {
          // check readied scroll
          new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl,
                                "When inscribing spells you need to ready a spell and do not specify a string argument.\n"
                                "Usage: cast [spell name]; use_skill %s", &skill->skill);
          return 0;
        }

      return write_scroll (pl, item, skill);
    }
  else
    {
      if (!*params)
        {
          new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, pl,
                                "When inscribing books you need to specify the words you want to inscribe as command argument.\n"
                                "Usage: use_skill %s <message>", &skill->skill);
          return 0;
        }

      return write_note (pl, item, params, skill);
    }

  return 0;
}

/* find_throw_ob() - if we request an object, then
 * we search for it in the inventory of the owner (you've
 * got to be carrying something in order to throw it!).
 * If we didnt request an object, then the top object in inventory
 * (that is "throwable", ie no throwing your skills away!)
 * is the object of choice. Also check to see if object is
 * 'throwable' (ie not applied cursed obj, worn, etc).
 */
static object *
find_throw_ob (object *op, const char *request)
{
  object *tmp;

  if (!op)
    {                           /* safety */
      LOG (llevError, "find_throw_ob(): confused! have a NULL thrower!\n");
      return (object *) NULL;
    }

  /* prefer marked item */
  tmp = find_marked_object (op);
  if (tmp != NULL)
    {
      /* can't toss invisible or inv-locked items */
      if (tmp->invisible || QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_INV_LOCKED))
        {
          tmp = NULL;
        }
    }

  /* look through the inventory */
  if (tmp == NULL)
    {
      for (tmp = op->inv; tmp != NULL; tmp = tmp->below)
        {
          /* can't toss invisible or inv-locked items */
          if (tmp->invisible || QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_INV_LOCKED))
            continue;
          if (!request || !strcmp (query_name (tmp), request) || !strcmp (tmp->name, request))
            break;
        }
    }

  /* this should prevent us from throwing away
   * cursed items, worn armour, etc. Only weapons
   * can be thrown from 'hand'.  
   */
  if (!tmp)
    return NULL;

  if (QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_APPLIED))
    {
      if (tmp->type != WEAPON)
        {
          new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "You can't throw %s.", query_name (tmp));
          tmp = NULL;
        }
      else if (QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_CURSED) || QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_DAMNED))
        {
          new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "The %s sticks to your hand!", query_name (tmp));
          tmp = NULL;
        }
      else
        {
          if (apply_special (op, tmp, AP_UNAPPLY | AP_NO_MERGE))
            {
              LOG (llevError, "BUG: find_throw_ob(): couldn't unapply\n");
              tmp = NULL;
            }
        }
    }
  else if (QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_UNPAID))
    {
      new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "You should pay for the %s first.", query_name (tmp));
      tmp = NULL;
    }

  if (tmp && QUERY_FLAG (tmp, FLAG_INV_LOCKED))
    {
      LOG (llevError, "BUG: find_throw_ob(): object is locked\n");
      tmp = NULL;
    }
  return tmp;
}

/* make_throw_ob() We construct the 'carrier' object in
 * which we will insert the object that is being thrown.
 * This combination  becomes the 'thrown object'. -b.t.
 */
static object *
make_throw_ob (object *orig)
{
  if (!orig)
    return NULL;

  if (QUERY_FLAG (orig, FLAG_APPLIED))
    {
      LOG (llevError, "BUG: make_throw_ob(): ob is applied\n");
      /* insufficient workaround, but better than nothing */
      CLEAR_FLAG (orig, FLAG_APPLIED);
    }

  object *toss_item = orig->clone ();

  toss_item->type = THROWN_OBJ;
  CLEAR_FLAG (toss_item, FLAG_CHANGING);
  toss_item->stats.dam = 0;     /* default damage */
  toss_item->insert (orig);

  return toss_item;
}

/* do_throw() - op throws any object toss_item. This code
 * was borrowed from fire_bow.
 * Returns 1 if skill was successfully used, 0 if not
 */
static int
do_throw (object *op, object *part, object *toss_item, int dir, object *skill)
{
  object *throw_ob = toss_item, *left = NULL;
  int eff_str = 0, maxc, str = op->stats.Str, dam = 0;
  int pause_f, weight_f = 0, mflags;
  float str_factor = 1.0, load_factor = 1.0, item_factor = 1.0;
  maptile *m;
  sint16 sx, sy;

  if (throw_ob == NULL)
    {
      if (op->type == PLAYER)
        new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "You have nothing to throw.");

      return 0;
    }
  if (QUERY_FLAG (throw_ob, FLAG_STARTEQUIP))
    {
      if (op->type == PLAYER)
        new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "The gods won't let you throw that.");

      return 0;
    }

  /* Because throwing effectiveness must be reduced by the
   * encumbrance of the thrower and weight of the object. THus,
   * we use the concept of 'effective strength' as defined below. 
   */

  /* if str exceeds MAX_STAT (30, eg giants), lets assign a str_factor > 1 */
  if (str > MAX_STAT)
    {
      str_factor = (float) str / (float) MAX_STAT;
      str = MAX_STAT;
    }

  /* the more we carry, the less we can throw. Limit only on players */
  maxc = max_carry[str] * 1000;
  if (op->carrying > maxc && op->type == PLAYER)
    load_factor = (float) maxc / (float) op->carrying;

  /* lighter items are thrown harder, farther, faster */
  if (throw_ob->weight > 0)
    item_factor = (float) maxc / (float) (3.0 * throw_ob->weight);
  else
    {                           /* 0 or negative weight?!? Odd object, can't throw it */
      new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "You can't throw %s.\n", query_name (throw_ob));
      return 0;
    }

  eff_str = (int) (str * (load_factor < 1.0 ? load_factor : 1.0));
  eff_str = (int) ((float) eff_str * item_factor * str_factor);

  /* alas, arrays limit us to a value of MAX_STAT (30). Use str_factor to
   * account for super-strong throwers. */
  if (eff_str > MAX_STAT)
    eff_str = MAX_STAT;

#ifdef DEBUG_THROW
  LOG (llevDebug, "%s carries %d, eff_str=%d\n", op->name, op->carrying, eff_str);
  LOG (llevDebug, " max_c=%d, item_f=%f, load_f=%f, str=%d\n", maxc, item_factor, load_factor, op->stats.Str);
  LOG (llevDebug, " str_factor=%f\n", str_factor);
  LOG (llevDebug, " item %s weight= %d\n", throw_ob->name, throw_ob->weight);
#endif

  /* 3 things here prevent a throw, you aimed at your feet, you
   * have no effective throwing strength, or you threw at something
   * that flying objects can't get through.
   */
  mflags = get_map_flags (part->map, &m, part->x + freearr_x[dir], part->y + freearr_y[dir], &sx, &sy);

  if (!dir || (eff_str <= 1) || (mflags & P_OUT_OF_MAP) || (GET_MAP_MOVE_BLOCK (m, sx, sy) & MOVE_FLY_LOW))
    {
      /* bounces off 'wall', and drops to feet */
      throw_ob->insert_at (part, op);

      if (op->type == PLAYER)
        {
          if (eff_str <= 1)
            new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "Your load is so heavy you drop %s to the ground.", query_name (throw_ob));
          else if (!dir)
            new_draw_info_format (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "You throw %s at the ground.", query_name (throw_ob));
          else
            new_draw_info (NDI_UNIQUE, 0, op, "Something is in the way.");
        }

      return 0;
    }                           /* if object can't be thrown */

  left = throw_ob;              /* these are throwing objects left to the player */

  /* sometimes get_split_ob can't split an object (because op->nrof==0?)
   * and returns NULL. We must use 'left' then 
   */

  if ((throw_ob = get_split_ob (throw_ob, 1)) == NULL)
    {
      throw_ob = left;
      left->remove ();
      if (op->type == PLAYER)
        esrv_del_item (op->contr, left->count);
    }
  else if (op->type == PLAYER)
    {
      if (left->destroyed ())
        esrv_del_item (op->contr, left->count);
      else
        esrv_update_item (UPD_NROF, op, left);
    }

  /* special case: throwing powdery substances like dust, dirt */
  if (throw_ob->type == POTION && throw_ob->subtype == POT_DUST)
    {
      cast_dust (op, throw_ob, dir);
      return 1;
    }

  /* Make a thrown object -- insert real object in a 'carrier' object.
   * If unsuccessfull at making the "thrown_obj", we just reinsert
   * the original object back into inventory and exit
   */
  if ((toss_item = make_throw_ob (throw_ob)))
    {
      throw_ob = toss_item;
      throw_ob->skill = skill->skill;
    }
  else
    {
      insert_ob_in_ob (throw_ob, op);
      return 0;
    }

  throw_ob->set_owner (op);
  /* At some point in the attack code, the actual real object (op->inv)
   * becomes the hitter.  As such, we need to make sure that has a proper
   * owner value so exp goes to the right place.
   */
  throw_ob->inv->set_owner (op);
  throw_ob->direction = dir;

  /* the damage bonus from the force of the throw */
  dam = int (str_factor * dam_bonus[eff_str]);

  /* Now, lets adjust the properties of the thrown_ob. */

  /* how far to fly */
  throw_ob->last_sp = (eff_str * 3) / 5;

  /* speed */
  throw_ob->set_speed (min (1.0, speed_bonus[eff_str] + 1.0) / 1.5); /* no faster than an arrow! */

  /* item damage. Eff_str and item weight influence damage done */
  weight_f = (throw_ob->weight / 2000) > MAX_STAT ? MAX_STAT : (throw_ob->weight / 2000);
  throw_ob->stats.dam += (dam / 3) + dam_bonus[weight_f] + (throw_ob->weight / 15000) - 2;

  /* chance of breaking. Proportional to force used and weight of item */
  throw_ob->stats.food = (dam / 2) + (throw_ob->weight / 60000);

  /* replace 25 with a call to clone.arch wc? messes up w/ NPC */
  throw_ob->stats.wc = 25 - dex_bonus[op->stats.Dex] - thaco_bonus[eff_str] - skill->level;

  /* the properties of objects which are meant to be thrown (ie dart,
   * throwing knife, etc) will differ from ordinary items. Lets tailor
   * this stuff in here. 
   */

  if (QUERY_FLAG (throw_ob->inv, FLAG_IS_THROWN))
    {
      throw_ob->last_sp += eff_str / 3; /* fly a little further */
      throw_ob->stats.dam += throw_ob->inv->stats.dam + throw_ob->magic + 2;
      throw_ob->stats.wc -= throw_ob->magic + throw_ob->inv->stats.wc;
      /* only throw objects get directional faces */
      if (GET_ANIM_ID (throw_ob) && NUM_ANIMATIONS (throw_ob))
        SET_ANIMATION (throw_ob, dir);
    }
  else
    {
      uint16 mat = throw_ob->materials;

      /* some materials will adjust properties.. */
      if (mat & M_LEATHER)
        {
          throw_ob->stats.dam -= 1;
          throw_ob->stats.food -= 10;
        }

      if (mat & M_GLASS)
        throw_ob->stats.food += 60;

      if (mat & M_ORGANIC)
        {
          throw_ob->stats.dam -= 3;
          throw_ob->stats.food += 55;
        }

      if (mat & M_PAPER || mat & M_CLOTH)
        {
          throw_ob->stats.dam -= 5;
          throw_ob->speed *= 0.8;
          throw_ob->stats.wc += 3;
          throw_ob->stats.food -= 30;
        }

      /* light obj have more wind resistance, fly slower */
      if (throw_ob->weight > 500)
        throw_ob->speed *= 0.8;

      if (throw_ob->weight > 50)
        throw_ob->speed *= 0.5;
    }                           /* else tailor thrown object */

  /* some limits, and safeties (needed?) */
  if (throw_ob->stats.dam < 0)
    throw_ob->stats.dam = 0;
  if (throw_ob->last_sp > eff_str)
    throw_ob->last_sp = eff_str;
  if (throw_ob->stats.food < 0)
    throw_ob->stats.food = 0;
  if (throw_ob->stats.food > 100)
    throw_ob->stats.food = 100;
  if (throw_ob->stats.wc > 30)
    throw_ob->stats.wc = 30;

  /* how long to pause the thrower. Higher values mean less pause */
  pause_f = ((2 * eff_str) / 3) + 20 + skill->level;

  /* Put a lower limit on this */
  if (pause_f < 10)
    pause_f = 10;
  if (pause_f > 100)
    pause_f = 100;

  /* Changed in 0.94.2 - the calculation before was really goofy.
   * In short summary, a throw can take anywhere between speed 5 and
   * speed 0.5
   */
  op->speed_left -= 50 / pause_f;

  throw_ob->speed_left = 0;
  throw_ob->map = part->map;

  throw_ob->move_type = MOVE_FLY_LOW;
  throw_ob->move_on = MOVE_FLY_LOW | MOVE_WALK;

#if 0
  /* need to put in a good sound for this */
  play_sound_map (op->map, op->x, op->y, SOUND_THROW_OBJ);
#endif

/* Lauwenmark - Now we can call the associated script_throw event (if any) */
  INVOKE_OBJECT (THROW, throw_ob, ARG_OBJECT (op));
#ifdef DEBUG_THROW
  LOG (llevDebug, " pause_f=%d \n", pause_f);
  LOG (llevDebug, " %s stats: wc=%d dam=%d dist=%d spd=%f break=%d\n",
       throw_ob->name, throw_ob->stats.wc, throw_ob->stats.dam, throw_ob->last_sp, throw_ob->speed, throw_ob->stats.food);
  LOG (llevDebug, "inserting tossitem (%d) into map\n", throw_ob->count);
#endif

  throw_ob->insert_at (part, op);

  if (!throw_ob->destroyed ())
    move_arrow (throw_ob);

  return 1;
}

int
skill_throw (object *op, object *part, int dir, const char *params, object *skill)
{
  object *throw_ob;

  if (op->type == PLAYER)
    throw_ob = find_throw_ob (op, params);
  else
    throw_ob = find_mon_throw_ob (op);

  return do_throw (op, part, throw_ob, dir, skill);
}