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Revision 1.11 by root, Wed Jun 18 20:40:51 2014 UTC

1
2 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 1 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
3 Version 3, 29 June 2007 2 Version 2, June 1991
4 3
5 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/> 4 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
5 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
6 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 6 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
7 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 7 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
8 8
9 Preamble 9 Preamble
10 10
11 The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for 11 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
12software and other kinds of works. 12freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
13 13License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
14 The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed 14software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
15to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, 15General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
16the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to 16Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
17share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free 17using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
18software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the 18the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
19GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
20any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to
21your programs, too. 19your programs, too.
22 20
23 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not 21 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
24price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you 22price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
25have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for 23have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
26them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you 24this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
27want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new 25if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
28free programs, and that you know you can do these things. 26in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
29 27
30 To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you 28 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
31these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have 29anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
32certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if 30These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
33you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others. 31distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
34 32
35 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether 33 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
36gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same 34gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
37freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive 35you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
38or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they 36source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
39know their rights. 37rights.
40 38
41 Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: 39 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
42(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License 40(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
43giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it. 41distribute and/or modify the software.
44 42
45 For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains 43 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
46that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users' and 44that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
47authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as 45software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
48changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to 46want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
49authors of previous versions. 47that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
48authors' reputations.
50 49
51 Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
52modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
53can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
54protecting users' freedom to change the software. The systematic
55pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
56use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we
57have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
58products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
59stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
60of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
61
62 Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. 50 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
63States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of 51patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
64software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to 52program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
65avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could 53program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
66make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that 54patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
67patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
68 55
69 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 56 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
70modification follow. 57modification follow.
58
59 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
60 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
71 61
72 TERMS AND CONDITIONS 62 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
63a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
64under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
65refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
66means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
67that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
68either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
69language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
70the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
73 71
74 0. Definitions. 72Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
73covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
74running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
75is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
76Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
77Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
75 78
76 "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License. 79 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
77 80source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
78 "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of 81conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
79works, such as semiconductor masks. 82copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
80 83notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
81 "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this 84and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
82License. Each licensee is addressed as "you". "Licensees" and
83"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
84
85 To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
86in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
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88earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
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90 A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
91on the Program. 85along with the Program.
92 86
93 To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without 87You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
94permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for 88you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
95infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
96computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying,
97distribution (with or without modification), making available to the
98public, and in some countries other activities as well.
99 89
100 To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other 90 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
101parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through 91of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
102a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying. 92distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
93above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
103 94
104 An interactive user interface displays "Appropriate Legal Notices" 95 a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
105to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible 96 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
106feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
107tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
108extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
109work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If
110the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a
111menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
112 97
113 1. Source Code. 98 b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
99 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
100 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
101 parties under the terms of this License.
114 102
103 c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
104 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
105 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
106 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
107 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
108 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
109 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
110 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
111 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
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113
114These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
115identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
116and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
117themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
118sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
119distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
120on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
121this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
122entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
123
124Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
125your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
126exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
127collective works based on the Program.
128
129In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
130with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
131a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
132the scope of this License.
133
134 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
135under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
136Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
137
138 a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
139 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
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142 b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
143 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
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146 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
147 customarily used for software interchange; or,
148
149 c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
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154
115 The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work 155The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
116for making modifications to it. "Object code" means any non-source 156making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
117form of a work. 157code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
158associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
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160special exception, the source code distributed need not include
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162form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
163operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
164itself accompanies the executable.
118 165
119 A "Standard Interface" means an interface that either is an official 166If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
120standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of 167access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
121interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that 168access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
122is widely used among developers working in that language. 169distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
123 170compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
124 The "System Libraries" of an executable work include anything, other 171
125than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of 172 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
126packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major 173except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
127Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that 174otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
128Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an
129implementation is available to the public in source code form. A
130"Major Component", in this context, means a major essential component
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134
135 The "Corresponding Source" for a work in object code form means all
136the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable
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138control those activities. However, it does not include the work's
139System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free
140programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but
141which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source
142includes interface definition files associated with source files for
143the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically
144linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require,
145such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those
146subprograms and other parts of the work.
147
148 The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
149can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
150Source.
151
152 The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
153same work.
154
155 2. Basic Permissions.
156
157 All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
158copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
159conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
160permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a
161covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
162content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your
163rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
164
165 You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
166convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
167in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
168of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
169with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with
170the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do
171not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works
172for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
173and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of
174your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
175
176 Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under
177the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
178makes it unnecessary.
179
180 3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
181
182 No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
183measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
18411 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
185similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
186measures.
187
188 When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
189circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
190is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
191the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
192modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
193users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
194technological measures.
195
196 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
197
198 You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
199receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and
200appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice;
201keep intact all notices stating that this License and any
202non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code;
203keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
204recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
205
206 You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey,
207and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
208
209 5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
210
211 You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to
212produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the
213terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
214
215 a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified
216 it, and giving a relevant date.
217
218 b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is
219 released under this License and any conditions added under section
220 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to
221 "keep intact all notices".
222
223 c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this
224 License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This
225 License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7
226 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts,
227 regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no
228 permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not
229 invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
230
231 d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display
232 Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive
233 interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your
234 work need not make them do so.
235
236 A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent
237works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work,
238and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program,
239in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an
240"aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not
241used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users
242beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work
243in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other
244parts of the aggregate.
245
246 6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
247
248 You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms
249of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the
250machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License,
251in one of these ways:
252
253 a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
254 (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the
255 Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium
256 customarily used for software interchange.
257
258 b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product
259 (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a
260 written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as
261 long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product
262 model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a
263 copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the
264 product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical
265 medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no
266 more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this
267 conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the
268 Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
269
270 c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the
271 written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This
272 alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and
273 only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord
274 with subsection 6b.
275
276 d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated
277 place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the
278 Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no
279 further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the
280 Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to
281 copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source
282 may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party)
283 that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain
284 clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the
285 Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the
286 Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is
287 available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
288
289 e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided
290 you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding
291 Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no
292 charge under subsection 6d.
293
294 A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded
295from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be
296included in conveying the object code work.
297
298 A "User Product" is either (1) a "consumer product", which means any
299tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family,
300or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation
301into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product,
302doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular
303product received by a particular user, "normally used" refers to a
304typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status
305of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user
306actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product
307is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial
308commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent
309the only significant mode of use of the product.
310
311 "Installation Information" for a User Product means any methods,
312procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install
313and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from
314a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must
315suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object
316code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because
317modification has been made.
318
319 If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or
320specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as
321part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the
322User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a
323fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the
324Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied
325by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply
326if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install
327modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has
328been installed in ROM).
329
330 The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a
331requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates
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333the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a
334network may be denied when the modification itself materially and
335adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and
336protocols for communication across the network.
337
338 Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided,
339in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly
340documented (and with an implementation available to the public in
341source code form), and must require no special password or key for
342unpacking, reading or copying.
343
344 7. Additional Terms.
345
346 "Additional permissions" are terms that supplement the terms of this
347License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions.
348Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall
349be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent
350that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions
351apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately
352under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by
353this License without regard to the additional permissions.
354
355 When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
356remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of
357it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own
358removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place
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360for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
361
362 Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you
363add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
364that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
365
366 a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the
367 terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
368
369 b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
370 author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
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372
373 c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
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380 e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
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382
383 f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
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388
389 All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
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394a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
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399 If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
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403
404 Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
405form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
406the above requirements apply either way.
407
408 8. Termination.
409
410 You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
411provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
412modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under 175void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
413this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
414paragraph of section 11).
415
416 However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
417license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
418provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
419finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
420holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
421prior to 60 days after the cessation.
422
423 Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
424reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
425violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
426received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
427copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
428your receipt of the notice.
429
430 Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
431licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under 176However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
432this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently 177this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
433reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same 178parties remain in full compliance.
434material under section 10.
435 179
436 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
437
438 You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or 180 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
439run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work 181signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
440occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission 182distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
441to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, 183prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
442nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or 184modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
443modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
444not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
445covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so. 185Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
186all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
187the Program or works based on it.
446 188
447 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients. 189 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
448 190Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
449 Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically 191original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
450receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and 192these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
451propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible 193restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
452for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License. 194You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
453
454 An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
455organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
456organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered
457work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
458transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
459licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
460give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
461Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
462the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
463
464 You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
465rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may
466not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
467rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
468(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
469any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
470sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
471
472 11. Patents.
473
474 A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
475License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
476work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
477
478 A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
479owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
480hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
481by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
482but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
483consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For
484purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
485patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
486this License. 195this License.
487 196
488 Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free 197 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
489patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to 198infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
490make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
491propagate the contents of its contributor version.
492
493 In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
494agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
495(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
496sue for patent infringement). To "grant" such a patent license to a
497party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
498patent against the party.
499
500 If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
501and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
502to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
503publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
504then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
505available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
506patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
507consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
508license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
509actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
510covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
511in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
512country that you have reason to believe are valid.
513
514 If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
515arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
516covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
517receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
518or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
519you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
520work and works based on it.
521
522 A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
523the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
524conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
525specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
526work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
527in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
528to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
529the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
530parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
531patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
532conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
533for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
534contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
535or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
536
537 Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
538any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
539otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
540
541 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
542
543 If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 199conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
544otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 200otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
545excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a 201excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
546covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 202distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
547License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may 203License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
548not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you 204may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
549to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey 205license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
550the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this 206all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
551License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program. 207the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
208refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
552 209
553 13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License. 210If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
211any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
212apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
213circumstances.
554 214
555 Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have 215It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
556permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed 216patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
557under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single 217such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
558combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this 218integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
559License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, 219implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
560but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, 220generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
561section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the 221through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
562combination as such. 222system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
223to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
224impose that choice.
563 225
564 14. Revised Versions of this License. 226This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
227be a consequence of the rest of this License.
228
229 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
230certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
231original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
232may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
233those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
234countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
235the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
565 236
566 The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of 237 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
567the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 238of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
568be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 239be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
569address new problems or concerns. 240address new problems or concerns.
570 241
571 Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the 242Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
572Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General 243specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
573Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the 244later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
574option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
575version or of any later version published by the Free Software 245either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
576Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the 246Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
577GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published 247this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
578by the Free Software Foundation. 248Foundation.
579 249
580 If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future 250 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
581versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's 251programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
582public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you 252to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
583to choose that version for the Program. 253Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
254make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
255of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
256of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
584 257
585 Later license versions may give you additional or different 258 NO WARRANTY
586permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
587author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
588later version.
589 259
590 15. Disclaimer of Warranty. 260 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
261FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
262OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
263PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
264OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
265MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
266TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
267PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
268REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
591 269
592 THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
593APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
594HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
595OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
596THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
597PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
598IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
599ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
600
601 16. Limitation of Liability.
602
603 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 270 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
604WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS 271WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
605THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY 272REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
606GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE 273INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
607USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF 274OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
608DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD 275TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
609PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), 276YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
610EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 277PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
611SUCH DAMAGES. 278POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
612
613 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
614
615 If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
616above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
617reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
618an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
619Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
620copy of the Program in return for a fee.
621 279
622 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 280 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
623 281
624 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 282 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
625 283
626 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 284 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
627possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 285possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
628free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 286free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
629 287
630 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 288 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
631to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 289to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
632state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 290convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
633the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 291the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
634 292
635 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> 293 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
636 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> 294 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
637 295
638 This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 296 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
639 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 297 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
640 the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or 298 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
641 (at your option) any later version. 299 (at your option) any later version.
642 300
643 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 301 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
644 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 302 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
645 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 303 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
646 GNU General Public License for more details. 304 GNU General Public License for more details.
647 305
648 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 306 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
649 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 307 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
308 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
309
650 310
651Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 311Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
652 312
653 If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short 313If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
654notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: 314when it starts in an interactive mode:
655 315
656 <program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> 316 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
657 This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 317 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
658 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 318 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
659 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 319 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
660 320
661The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 321The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
662parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands 322parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
663might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box". 323be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
324mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
664 325
665 You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, 326You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
666if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 327school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
667For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see 328necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
668<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
669 329
330 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
331 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
332
333 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
334 Ty Coon, President of Vice
335
670 The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program 336This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
671into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you 337proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
672may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with 338consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
673the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General 339library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
674Public License instead of this License. But first, please read 340Public License instead of this License.
675<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
676

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