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1 1
2==== NAME ==== 2==== NAME ====
3 3
4 vpe - Overview of the virtual private ethernet suite. 4 GNU-VPE - Overview of the GNU Virtual Private Ethernet suite.
5 5
6 6
7==== DESCRIPTION ==== 7==== DESCRIPTION ====
8 8
9 Vpe is a suite designed to provide a virtual private network for 9 GVPE is a suite designed to provide a virtual private network for
10 multiple nodes over an untrusted network. 10 multiple nodes over an untrusted network.
11 11
12 "Virtual" means that no physical network is created (of course), but an 12 "Virtual" means that no physical network is created (of course), but an
13 ethernet is emulated by creating multiple tunnels between the member 13 ethernet is emulated by creating multiple tunnels between the member
14 nodes. 14 nodes.
15 15
16 "Private" means that non-participating nodes cannot decode ("sniff)" nor 16 "Private" means that non-participating nodes cannot decode ("sniff)" nor
17 inject ("spoof") packets. 17 inject ("spoof") packets.
18 18
19 In the case of vpe, even participating nodes cannot sniff packets send 19 In the case of gvpe, even participating nodes cannot sniff packets send
20 to other nodes or spoof packets as if sent from other nodes. 20 to other nodes or spoof packets as if sent from other nodes.
21 21
22 "Network" means that more than two parties can participate in the 22 "Network" means that more than two parties can participate in the
23 network, so for instance it's possible to connect multiple branches of a 23 network, so for instance it's possible to connect multiple branches of a
24 company into a single network. Many so-called "vpn" solutions only 24 company into a single network. Many so-called "vpn" solutions only
33 actually need. It also makes the crypto part of the source very 33 actually need. It also makes the crypto part of the source very
34 transparent and easy to inspect. 34 transparent and easy to inspect.
35 35
36: EASY TO SETUP 36: EASY TO SETUP
37 A few lines of config (the config file is shared unmodified between 37 A few lines of config (the config file is shared unmodified between
38 all hosts) and a single run of ``vpectrl'' to generate the keys 38 all hosts) and a single run of ``gvpectrl'' to generate the keys
39 suffices to make it work. 39 suffices to make it work.
40 40
41: MAC-BASED SECURITY 41: MAC-BASED SECURITY
42 Since every host has it's own private key, other hosts cannot spoof 42 Since every host has it's own private key, other hosts cannot spoof
43 traffic from this host. That makes it possible to filter packest by 43 traffic from this host. That makes it possible to filter packet by
44 MAC address, e.g. to ensure that packets from a specific IP address 44 MAC address, e.g. to ensure that packets from a specific IP address
45 come, in fact, from a specific host. 45 come, in fact, from a specific host that is associated with that IP
46 and not from another host.
46 47
47 48
48==== PROGRAMS ==== 49==== PROGRAMS ====
49 50
50 Vpe comes with two programs: one daemon (``vped'') and one control 51 Vpe comes with two programs: one daemon (``gvpe'') and one control
51 program (``vpectrl''). 52 program (``gvpectrl'').
52 53
53: vpectrl 54: gvpectrl
54 Is used to generate the keys, check and give an overview of of the 55 Is used to generate the keys, check and give an overview of of the
55 configuration and contorl the daemon (restarting etc.). 56 configuration and contorl the daemon (restarting etc.).
56 57
57: vped 58: gvpe
58 Is the daemon used to establish and maintain conenctions to the 59 Is the daemon used to establish and maintain connections to the
59 other network members. It should be run on the gateway machine. 60 other network members. It should be run on the gateway machine.
60 61
61 62
62==== COMPILETIME CONFIGURATION ==== 63==== COMPILETIME CONFIGURATION ====
63 64
65 Please have a look at the ``gvpe.osdep(5)'' manpage for
66 platform-specific information.
67
64 Here are a few recipes for compiling your vpe: 68 Here are a few recipes for compiling your gvpe:
65 69
66 70
67== AS LOW PACKET OVERHEAD AS POSSIBLE == 71== AS LOW PACKET OVERHEAD AS POSSIBLE ==
68 72
69 ./configure --enable-hmac-length=4 --enable-rand-length=0 73 ./configure --enable-hmac-length=4 --enable-rand-length=0
74 78
75== MINIMIZE CPU TIME REQUIRED == 79== MINIMIZE CPU TIME REQUIRED ==
76 80
77 ./configure --enable-cipher=bf --enable-digest=md4 81 ./configure --enable-cipher=bf --enable-digest=md4
78 82
79 Use the fastest cipher and digest algorithms currently available in vpe. 83 Use the fastest cipher and digest algorithms currently available in
84 gvpe.
80 85
81 86
82== MAXIMIZE SECURITY == 87== MAXIMIZE SECURITY ==
83 88
84 ./configure --enable-hmac-length=16 --enable-rand-length=8 --enable-digest=sha1 89 ./configure --enable-hmac-length=16 --enable-rand-length=8 --enable-digest=sha1
101 106
102 107
103== STEP 1: configuration == 108== STEP 1: configuration ==
104 109
105 First you have to create a daemon configuation file and put it into the 110 First you have to create a daemon configuation file and put it into the
106 configuration directory. This is usually ``/etc/vpe'', depending on how 111 configuration directory. This is usually ``/etc/gvpe'', depending on how
107 you configured vpe, and can be overwritten using the ``-c'' commandline 112 you configured gvpe, and can be overwritten using the ``-c'' commandline
108 switch. 113 switch.
109 114
110 Put the following lines into ``/etc/vpe/vped.conf'': 115 Put the following lines into ``/etc/gvpe/gvpe.conf'':
111 116
112 udp-port = 50000 # the external port to listen on (configure your firewall) 117 udp-port = 50000 # the external port to listen on (configure your firewall)
113 mtu = 1400 # minimum MTU of all outgoing interfaces on all hosts 118 mtu = 1400 # minimum MTU of all outgoing interfaces on all hosts
114 ifname = vpn0 # the local network device name 119 ifname = vpn0 # the local network device name
115 120
122 node = third 127 node = third
123 hostname = third.example.net 128 hostname = third.example.net
124 129
125 The only other file neccessary if the ``if-up'' script that initializes 130 The only other file neccessary if the ``if-up'' script that initializes
126 the local ethernet interface. Put the following lines into 131 the local ethernet interface. Put the following lines into
127 ``/etc/vpe/if-up'' and make it execute (``chmod 755 /etc/vpe/if-up''): 132 ``/etc/gvpe/if-up'' and make it execute (``chmod 755 /etc/gvpe/if-up''):
128 133
129 #!/bin/sh 134 #!/bin/sh
130 ip link set $IFNAME address $MAC mtu $MTU up 135 ip link set $IFNAME address $MAC mtu $MTU up
131 [ $NODENAME = first ] && ip addr add 10.0.1.1 dev $IFNAME 136 [ $NODENAME = first ] && ip addr add 10.0.1.1 dev $IFNAME
132 [ $NODENAME = second ] && ip addr add 10.0.2.1 dev $IFNAME 137 [ $NODENAME = second ] && ip addr add 10.0.2.1 dev $IFNAME
136 This script will give each node a different IP address in the 141 This script will give each node a different IP address in the
137 ``10.0/16'' network. The internal network (e.g. the ``eth0'' interface) 142 ``10.0/16'' network. The internal network (e.g. the ``eth0'' interface)
138 should then be set to a subset of that network, e.g. ``10.0.1.0/24'' on 143 should then be set to a subset of that network, e.g. ``10.0.1.0/24'' on
139 node ``first'', ``10.0.2.0/24'' on node ``second'', and so on. 144 node ``first'', ``10.0.2.0/24'' on node ``second'', and so on.
140 145
141 By enabling routing on the gateway host that runs ``vped'' all nodes 146 By enabling routing on the gateway host that runs ``gvpe'' all nodes
142 will be able to reach the other nodes. You can, of course, also use 147 will be able to reach the other nodes. You can, of course, also use
143 proxy arp or other means of pseudo-bridging (or even real briding), or 148 proxy arp or other means of pseudo-bridging (or even real briding), or
144 (best) full routing - the choice is yours. 149 (best) full routing - the choice is yours.
145 150
146 151
147== STEP 2: create the RSA key pairs for all hosts == 152== STEP 2: create the RSA key pairs for all hosts ==
148 153
149 Run the following command to generate all key pairs (that might take a 154 Run the following command to generate all key pairs (that might take a
150 while): 155 while):
151 156
152 vpectrl -c /etc/vpe -g 157 gvpectrl -c /etc/gvpe -g
153 158
154 This command will put the public keys into 159 This command will put the public keys into
155 ``/etc/vpe/pubkeys/*nodename*'' and the private keys into 160 ``/etc/gvpe/pubkeys/*nodename*'' and the private keys into
156 ``/etc/vpe/hostkeys/*nodename*''. 161 ``/etc/gvpe/hostkeys/*nodename*''.
157 162
158 163
159== STEP 3: distribute the config files to all nodes == 164== STEP 3: distribute the config files to all nodes ==
160 165
161 Now distribute the config files to the other nodes. This should be done 166 Now distribute the config files to the other nodes. This should be done
162 in two steps, since the private keys should not be distributed. The 167 in two steps, since the private keys should not be distributed. The
163 example uses rsync-over-ssh 168 example uses rsync-over-ssh
164 169
165 First all the config files without the hostkeys should be distributed: 170 First all the config files without the hostkeys should be distributed:
166 171
167 rsync -avzessh /etc/vpe first.example.net:/etc/. --exclude hostkeys 172 rsync -avzessh /etc/gvpe first.example.net:/etc/. --exclude hostkeys
168 rsync -avzessh /etc/vpe 133.55.82.9:/etc/. --exclude hostkeys 173 rsync -avzessh /etc/gvpe 133.55.82.9:/etc/. --exclude hostkeys
169 rsync -avzessh /etc/vpe third.example.net:/etc/. --exclude hostkeys 174 rsync -avzessh /etc/gvpe third.example.net:/etc/. --exclude hostkeys
170 175
171 Then the hostkeys should be copied: 176 Then the hostkeys should be copied:
172 177
173 rsync -avzessh /etc/vpe/hostkeys/first first.example.net:/etc/hostkey 178 rsync -avzessh /etc/gvpe/hostkeys/first first.example.net:/etc/hostkey
174 rsync -avzessh /etc/vpe/hostkeys/second 133.55.82.9:/etc/hostkey 179 rsync -avzessh /etc/gvpe/hostkeys/second 133.55.82.9:/etc/hostkey
175 rsync -avzessh /etc/vpe/hostkeys/third third.example.net:/etc/hostkey 180 rsync -avzessh /etc/gvpe/hostkeys/third third.example.net:/etc/hostkey
176 181
177 You should now check the configration by issuing the command ``vpectrl 182 You should now check the configration by issuing the command ``gvpectrl
178 -c /etc/vpe -s'' on each node and verify it's output. 183 -c /etc/gvpe -s'' on each node and verify it's output.
179 184
180 185
181== STEP 4: starting vped == 186== STEP 4: starting gvpe ==
182 187
183 You should then start vped on each node by issuing a command like: 188 You should then start gvpe on each node by issuing a command like:
184 189
185 vped -D -linfo first # first is the nodename 190 gvpe -D -linfo first # first is the nodename
186 191
187 This will make the vped stay in foreground. You should then see 192 This will make the gvpe stay in foreground. You should then see
188 "connection established" messages. If you don't see them check your 193 "connection established" messages. If you don't see them check your
189 firewall and routing (use tcpdump ;). 194 firewall and routing (use tcpdump ;).
190 195
191 If this works you should check your networking setup by pinging various 196 If this works you should check your networking setup by pinging various
192 endpoints. 197 endpoints.
193 198
194 To make vped run more permanently you can either run it as a daemon (by 199 To make gvpe run more permanently you can either run it as a daemon (by
195 starting it without the ``-D'' switch), or, much better, from your 200 starting it without the ``-D'' switch), or, much better, from your
196 inittab. I use a line like this on my systems: 201 inittab. I use a line like this on my systems:
197 202
198 t1:2345:respawn:/opt/vpe/sbin/vped -D -L first >/dev/null 2>&1 203 t1:2345:respawn:/opt/gvpe/sbin/gvpe -D -L first >/dev/null 2>&1
199 204
200 205
201== STEP 5: enjoy == 206== STEP 5: enjoy ==
202 207
203 ... and play around. Sending a -HUP (``vpectrl -kHUP'') to the daemon 208 ... and play around. Sending a -HUP (``gvpectrl -kHUP'') to the daemon
204 will make it try to connect to all other nodes again. If you run it from 209 will make it try to connect to all other nodes again. If you run it from
205 inittab, as is recommended, ``vpectrl -k'' (or simply ``killall vped'') 210 inittab, as is recommended, ``gvpectrl -k'' (or simply ``killall gvpe'')
206 will kill the daemon, start it again, making it read it's configuration 211 will kill the daemon, start it again, making it read it's configuration
207 files again. 212 files again.
208 213
209 214
210==== SEE ALSO ==== 215==== SEE ALSO ====
211 216
212 vpe(5), vped.conf(5), vpectrl(8). 217 gvpe.osdep(5) for OS-depedendent information, gvpe.conf(5), gvpectrl(8),
218 and for a description of the protocol and routing algorithms,
219 gvpe.protocol(7).
213 220
214 221
215==== AUTHOR ==== 222==== AUTHOR ====
216 223
217 Marc Lehmann <vpe@plan9.de> 224 Marc Lehmann <gvpe@plan9.de>
218 225
226
227==== COPYRIGHTS AND LICENSES ====
228
229 Vpe itself is distributed under the GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (see the file
230 COPYING that should be part of your distribution).
231
232 In some configurations it uses modified versions of the tinc vpn suite,
233 which is also available under the GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE.
234
235 In some configurations (notably darwin), it uses a poll emulation
236 library that comes with the following license notice:
237
238 Copyright (c) 1995-2002 Brian M. Clapper
239 All rights reserved.
240
241 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
242 provided that: (1) source distributions retain this entire
243 copyright notice and comment; (2) modifications made to the
244 software are prominently mentioned, and a copy of the original
245 software (or a pointer to its location) are included; and (3)
246 distributions including binaries display the following
247 acknowledgement: "This product includes software developed by Brian
248 M. Clapper <bmc@clapper.org>" in the documentation or other
249 materials provided with the distribution. The name of the author
250 may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
251 software without specific prior written permission.
252
253 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR
254 IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED
255 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
256

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