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Revision: 1.8
Committed: Mon Mar 7 01:31:26 2005 UTC (19 years, 2 months ago) by pcg
Branch: MAIN
Changes since 1.7: +20 -13 lines
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# Content
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131 .IX Title "GVPE.CONF 5"
132 .TH GVPE.CONF 5 "2005-03-07" "1.8" "GNU Virtual Private Ethernet"
133 .SH "NAME"
134 gvpe.conf \- configuration file for the GNU VPE daemon
135 .SH "SYNOPSIS"
136 .IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
137 .Vb 3
138 \& udp-port = 407
139 \& mtu = 1492
140 \& ifname = vpn0
141 .Ve
142 .PP
143 .Vb 2
144 \& node = branch1
145 \& hostname = 1.2.3.4
146 .Ve
147 .PP
148 .Vb 3
149 \& node = branch2
150 \& hostname = www.example.net
151 \& udp-port = 500 # this host uses a different udp-port
152 .Ve
153 .PP
154 .Vb 2
155 \& node = branch3
156 \& connect = ondemand
157 .Ve
158 .SH "DESCRIPTION"
159 .IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
160 The gvpe config file consists of a series of lines that contain \f(CW\*(C`variable
161 = value\*(C'\fR pairs. Empty lines are ignored. Comments start with a \f(CW\*(C`#\*(C'\fR and
162 extend to the end of the line. They can be used on their own lines, or
163 after any directives. Spaces are allowed before or after the \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR sign or
164 after values, but not within the variable names or values themselves.
165 .PP
166 The only exception to the above is the \*(L"on\*(R" directive that can prefix any
167 \&\f(CW\*(C`name = value\*(C'\fR setting and will only \*(L"execute\*(R" it on the named node, or
168 (if the nodename starts with \*(L"!\*(R") on all nodes except the named one.
169 .PP
170 .Vb 3
171 \& name = value
172 \& on branch1 loglevel = noise
173 \& on !branch2 connect = ondemand
174 .Ve
175 .PP
176 All settings are executed \*(L"in order\*(R", that is, later settings of the same
177 variable overwrite earlier ones.
178 .SH "ANATOMY OF A CONFIG FILE"
179 .IX Header "ANATOMY OF A CONFIG FILE"
180 Usually, a config file starts with global settings (like the udp port to
181 listen on), followed by node-specific sections that begin with a \f(CW\*(C`node =
182 nickname\*(C'\fR line.
183 .PP
184 Every node that is part of the network must have a section that starts
185 with \f(CW\*(C`node = nickname\*(C'\fR. The number and order of the nodes is important
186 and must be the same on all hosts. It is not uncommon for node sections to
187 be completely empty \- if the default values are right.
188 .PP
189 Node-specific settings can be used at any time. If used before the first
190 node section they will set the default values for all following nodes.
191 .SH "CONFIG VARIABLES"
192 .IX Header "CONFIG VARIABLES"
193 .Sh "\s-1GLOBAL\s0 \s-1SETTINGS\s0"
194 .IX Subsection "GLOBAL SETTINGS"
195 Global settings will affect the behaviour of the running gvpe daemon, that
196 is, they are in some sense node-specific (config files can set different
197 values on different nodes using \f(CW\*(C`on\*(C'\fR), but will affect the behaviour of
198 the gvpe daemon and all connections it creates.
199 .IP "dns-forw-host = hostname/ip" 4
200 .IX Item "dns-forw-host = hostname/ip"
201 The dns server to forward dns requests to for the \s-1DNS\s0 tunnel protocol
202 (default: \f(CW127.0.0.1\fR, changing it is highly recommended).
203 .IP "dns-forw-port = port-number" 4
204 .IX Item "dns-forw-port = port-number"
205 The port where the \f(CW\*(C`dns\-forw\-host\*(C'\fR is to be contacted (default: \f(CW53\fR,
206 which is fine in most cases).
207 .IP "if-up = relative-or-absolute-path" 4
208 .IX Item "if-up = relative-or-absolute-path"
209 Sets the path of a script that should be called immediately after the
210 network interface is initialized (but not neccessarily up). The following
211 environment variables are passed to it (the values are just examples):
212 .RS 4
213 .IP "CONFBASE=/etc/gvpe" 4
214 .IX Item "CONFBASE=/etc/gvpe"
215 The configuration base directory.
216 .IP "IFNAME=vpn0" 4
217 .IX Item "IFNAME=vpn0"
218 The interface to initialize.
219 .IP "MTU=1436" 4
220 .IX Item "MTU=1436"
221 The \s-1MTU\s0 to set the interface to. You can use lower values (if done
222 consistently on all hosts), but this is usually ineffective.
223 .IP "MAC=fe:fd:80:00:00:01" 4
224 .IX Item "MAC=fe:fd:80:00:00:01"
225 The \s-1MAC\s0 address to set the interface to. The script *must* set the
226 interface \s-1MAC\s0 to this value. You will most likely use one of these:
227 .Sp
228 .Vb 2
229 \& ip link set $IFNAME address $MAC mtu $MTU up # GNU/Linux
230 \& ifconfig $IFNAME ether $MAC mtu $MTU up # FreeBSD
231 .Ve
232 .Sp
233 Please see the \f(CW\*(C`gvpe.osdep(5)\*(C'\fR manpage for platform-specific information.
234 .IP "IFTYPE=native # or tincd" 4
235 .IX Item "IFTYPE=native # or tincd"
236 .PD 0
237 .IP "IFSUBTYPE=linux # or freebsd, darwin etc.." 4
238 .IX Item "IFSUBTYPE=linux # or freebsd, darwin etc.."
239 .PD
240 The interface type (\f(CW\*(C`native\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`tincd\*(C'\fR) and the subtype (usually the os
241 name in lowercase) that this gvpe was configured for. Can be used to select
242 the correct syntax to use for network-related commands.
243 .IP "NODENAME=branch1" 4
244 .IX Item "NODENAME=branch1"
245 The nickname of the current node, as passed to the gvpe daemon.
246 .IP "NODEID=1" 4
247 .IX Item "NODEID=1"
248 The numerical node id of the current node. The first node mentioned in the
249 config file gets \s-1ID\s0 1, the second \s-1ID\s0 2 and so on.
250 .RE
251 .RS 4
252 .Sp
253 Here is a simple if-up script:
254 .Sp
255 .Vb 5
256 \& #!/bin/sh
257 \& ip link set $IFNAME address $MAC mtu $MTU up
258 \& [ $NODENAME = branch1 ] && ip addr add 10.0.0.1 dev $IFNAME
259 \& [ $NODENAME = branch2 ] && ip addr add 10.1.0.1 dev $IFNAME
260 \& ip route add 10.0.0.0/8 dev $IFNAME
261 .Ve
262 .Sp
263 More complicated examples (using routing to reduce arp traffic) can be
264 found in the etc/ subdirectory of the distribution.
265 .RE
266 .IP "ifname = devname" 4
267 .IX Item "ifname = devname"
268 Sets the tun interface name to the given name. The default is OS-specific
269 and most probably something like \f(CW\*(C`tun0\*(C'\fR.
270 .IP "ifpersist = yes|true|on | no|false|off" 4
271 .IX Item "ifpersist = yes|true|on | no|false|off"
272 Should the tun/tap device be made persistent, that is, should the device
273 stay up even when gvpe exits? Some versions of the tunnel device have
274 problems sending packets when gvpe is restarted in persistent mode, so
275 if the connections can be established but you cannot send packets from
276 the local node, try to set this to \f(CW\*(C`off\*(C'\fR and do an ifconfig down on the
277 device.
278 .IP "ip-proto = numerical-ip-protocol" 4
279 .IX Item "ip-proto = numerical-ip-protocol"
280 Sets the protocol number to be used for the rawip protocol. This is a
281 global option because all hosts must use the same protocol, and since
282 there are no port numbers, you cannot easily run more than one gvpe
283 instance using the same protocol, nor can you share the protocol with
284 other programs.
285 .Sp
286 The default is 47 (\s-1GRE\s0), which has a good chance of tunneling through
287 firewalls (but note that the rawip protocol is not \s-1GRE\s0 compatible). Other
288 common choices are 50 (\s-1IPSEC\s0, \s-1ESP\s0), 51 (\s-1IPSEC\s0, \s-1AH\s0), 4 (\s-1IPIP\s0 tunnels) or 98
289 (\s-1ENCAP\s0, rfc1241)
290 .IP "http-proxy-host = hostname/ip" 4
291 .IX Item "http-proxy-host = hostname/ip"
292 The \f(CW\*(C`http\-proxy\-*\*(C'\fR family of options are only available if gvpe was
293 compiled with the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-enable\-http\-proxy\*(C'\fR option and enable tunneling of
294 tcp connections through a http proxy server.
295 .Sp
296 \&\f(CW\*(C`http\-proxy\-host\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`http\-proxy\-port\*(C'\fR should specify the hostname and
297 port number of the proxy server. See \f(CW\*(C`http\-proxy\-loginpw\*(C'\fR if your proxy
298 requires authentication.
299 .Sp
300 Please note that gvpe will still try to resolve all hostnames in the
301 configuration file, so if you are behind a proxy without access to a dns
302 server better use numerical \s-1IP\s0 addresses.
303 .Sp
304 To make best use of this option disable all protocols except tcp in your
305 config file and make sure your routers (or all other hosts) are listening
306 on a port that the proxy allows (443, https, is a common choice).
307 .Sp
308 If you have a router, connecting to it will suffice. Otherwise tcp must be
309 enabled on all hosts.
310 .Sp
311 Example:
312 .Sp
313 .Vb 3
314 \& http-proxy-host = proxy.example.com
315 \& http-proxy-port = 3128 # 8080 is another common choice
316 \& http-proxy-auth = schmorp:grumbeere
317 .Ve
318 .IP "http-proxy-port = proxy-tcp-port" 4
319 .IX Item "http-proxy-port = proxy-tcp-port"
320 The port where your proxy server listens.
321 .IP "http-proxy-auth = login:password" 4
322 .IX Item "http-proxy-auth = login:password"
323 The optional login and password used to authenticate to the proxy server,
324 seperated by a literal colon (\f(CW\*(C`:\*(C'\fR). Only basic authentication is
325 currently supported.
326 .IP "keepalive = seconds" 4
327 .IX Item "keepalive = seconds"
328 Sets the keepalive probe interval in seconds (default: \f(CW60\fR). After this
329 many seconds of inactivity the daemon will start to send keepalive probe
330 every 5 seconds until it receives a reply from the other end. If no reply
331 is received within 30 seconds, the peer is considered unreachable and the
332 connection is closed.
333 .IP "loglevel = noise|trace|debug|info|notice|warn|error|critical" 4
334 .IX Item "loglevel = noise|trace|debug|info|notice|warn|error|critical"
335 Set the logging level. Connection established messages are logged at level
336 \&\f(CW\*(C`info\*(C'\fR, notable errors are logged with \f(CW\*(C`error\*(C'\fR. Default is \f(CW\*(C`info\*(C'\fR.
337 .IP "mtu = bytes" 4
338 .IX Item "mtu = bytes"
339 Sets the maximum \s-1MTU\s0 that should be used on outgoing packets (basically
340 the \s-1MTU\s0 of the outgoing interface) The daemon will automatically calculate
341 maximum overhead (e.g. udp header size, encryption blocksize...) and pass
342 this information to the \f(CW\*(C`if\-up\*(C'\fR script.
343 .Sp
344 Recommended values are 1500 (ethernet), 1492 (pppoe), 1472 (pptp).
345 .Sp
346 This value must be the minimum of the mtu values of all hosts.
347 .IP "node = nickname" 4
348 .IX Item "node = nickname"
349 Not really a config setting but introduces a node section. The nickname is
350 used to select the right configuration section and must be passed as an
351 argument to the gvpe daemon.
352 .IP "node-up = relative-or-absolute-path" 4
353 .IX Item "node-up = relative-or-absolute-path"
354 Sets a command (default: no script) that should be called whenever a
355 connection is established (even on rekeying operations). In addition
356 to the variables passed to \f(CW\*(C`if\-up\*(C'\fR scripts, the following environment
357 variables will be set:
358 .RS 4
359 .IP "DESTNODE=branch2" 4
360 .IX Item "DESTNODE=branch2"
361 The name of the remote node.
362 .IP "DESTID=2" 4
363 .IX Item "DESTID=2"
364 The node id of the remote node.
365 .IP "DESTIP=188.13.66.8" 4
366 .IX Item "DESTIP=188.13.66.8"
367 The numerical \s-1IP\s0 address of the remote host (gvpe accepts connections from
368 everywhere, as long as the other host can authenticate itself).
369 .IP "DESTPORT=655 # deprecated" 4
370 .IX Item "DESTPORT=655 # deprecated"
371 The \s-1UDP\s0 port used by the other side.
372 .IP "STATE=UP" 4
373 .IX Item "STATE=UP"
374 Node-up scripts get called with STATE=UP, node-down scripts get called
375 with STATE=DOWN.
376 .RE
377 .RS 4
378 .Sp
379 Here is a nontrivial example that uses nsupdate to update the name => ip
380 mapping in some dns zone:
381 .Sp
382 .Vb 6
383 \& #!/bin/sh
384 \& {
385 \& echo update delete $DESTNODE.lowttl.example.net. a
386 \& echo update add $DESTNODE.lowttl.example.net. 1 in a $DESTIP
387 \& echo
388 \& } | nsupdate -d -k $CONFBASE:key.example.net.
389 .Ve
390 .RE
391 .IP "node-down = relative-or-absolute-path" 4
392 .IX Item "node-down = relative-or-absolute-path"
393 Same as \f(CW\*(C`node\-up\*(C'\fR, but gets called whenever a connection is lost.
394 .IP "pid-file = path" 4
395 .IX Item "pid-file = path"
396 The path to the pid file to check and create
397 (default: \f(CW\*(C`LOCALSTATEDIR/run/gvpe.pid\*(C'\fR).
398 .IP "private-key = relative-path-to-key" 4
399 .IX Item "private-key = relative-path-to-key"
400 Sets the path (relative to the config directory) to the private key
401 (default: \f(CW\*(C`hostkey\*(C'\fR). This is a printf format string so every \f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR must
402 be doubled. A single \f(CW%s\fR is replaced by the hostname, so you could
403 use paths like \f(CW\*(C`hostkeys/%s\*(C'\fR to fetch the files at the location where
404 \&\f(CW\*(C`gvpectrl\*(C'\fR puts them.
405 .Sp
406 Since only the private key file of the current node is used and the
407 private key file should be kept secret per-host to avoid spoofings, it is
408 not recommended to use this feature.
409 .IP "rekey = seconds" 4
410 .IX Item "rekey = seconds"
411 Sets the rekeying interval in seconds (default: \f(CW3600\fR). Connections are
412 reestablished every \f(CW\*(C`rekey\*(C'\fR seconds.
413 .Sh "\s-1NODE\s0 \s-1SPECIFIC\s0 \s-1SETTINGS\s0"
414 .IX Subsection "NODE SPECIFIC SETTINGS"
415 The following settings are node\-specific, that is, every node can have
416 different settings, even within the same gvpe instance. Settings that are
417 executed before the first node section set the defaults, settings that are
418 executed within a node section only apply to the given node.
419 .IP "compress = yes|true|on | no|false|off" 4
420 .IX Item "compress = yes|true|on | no|false|off"
421 Wether to compress data packets sent to this host (default: \f(CW\*(C`yes\*(C'\fR).
422 Compression is really cheap even on slow computers and has no size
423 overhead at all, so enabling this is a good idea.
424 .IP "connect = ondemand | never | always | disabled" 4
425 .IX Item "connect = ondemand | never | always | disabled"
426 Sets the connect mode (default: \f(CW\*(C`always\*(C'\fR). It can be \f(CW\*(C`always\*(C'\fR (always
427 try to establish and keep a connection to the given host), \f(CW\*(C`never\*(C'\fR
428 (never initiate a connection to the given host, but accept connections),
429 \&\f(CW\*(C`ondemand\*(C'\fR (try to establish a connection on the first packet sent, and
430 take it down after the keepalive interval) or \f(CW\*(C`disabled\*(C'\fR (node is bad,
431 don't talk to it).
432 .IP "dns-domain = domain-suffix" 4
433 .IX Item "dns-domain = domain-suffix"
434 The \s-1DNS\s0 domain suffix that points to the \s-1DNS\s0 tunnel server for this node.
435 .Sp
436 The domain must point to a \s-1NS\s0 record that points to the \fIdns-hostname\fR,
437 i.e.
438 .Sp
439 .Vb 2
440 \& dns-domainname = tunnel.example.net
441 \& dns-hostname = tunnel-server.example.net
442 .Ve
443 .Sp
444 Corresponds to the following \s-1DNS\s0 entries in the \f(CW\*(C`example.net\*(C'\fR domain:
445 .Sp
446 .Vb 2
447 \& tunnel.example.net. NS tunnel-server.example.net.
448 \& tunnel-server.example.net. A 13.13.13.13
449 .Ve
450 .IP "dns-hostname = hostname/ip" 4
451 .IX Item "dns-hostname = hostname/ip"
452 The address to bind the \s-1DNS\s0 tunnel socket to, similar to the \f(CW\*(C`hostname\*(C'\fR,
453 but for the \s-1DNS\s0 tunnel protocol only. Default: \f(CW0.0.0.0\fR, but that might
454 change.
455 .IP "dns-port = port-number" 4
456 .IX Item "dns-port = port-number"
457 The port to bind the \s-1DNS\s0 tunnel socket to. Must be \f(CW53\fR on \s-1DNS\s0 tunnel servers.
458 .IP "enable-dns = yes|true|on | no|false|off" 4
459 .IX Item "enable-dns = yes|true|on | no|false|off"
460 Enable the \s-1DNS\s0 tunneling protocol on this node, either as server or as
461 client (only available when gvpe was compiled with \f(CW\*(C`\-\-enable\-dns\*(C'\fR).
462 .Sp
463 This is the worst choice of transport protocol with respect to overhead
464 (overhead cna be 2\-3 times higher than the transferred data), and probably
465 the best choice when tunneling through firewalls.
466 .IP "enable-rawip = yes|true|on | no|false|off" 4
467 .IX Item "enable-rawip = yes|true|on | no|false|off"
468 Enable the \s-1RAW\s0 IPv4 transport using the \f(CW\*(C`ip\-proto\*(C'\fR protocol
469 (default: \f(CW\*(C`no\*(C'\fR). This is the best choice, since the minimum overhead per
470 packet is only 38 bytes, as opposed to \s-1UDP\s0's 58 (or \s-1TCP\s0's 60+).
471 .IP "enable-tcp = yes|true|on | no|false|off" 4
472 .IX Item "enable-tcp = yes|true|on | no|false|off"
473 Enable the TCPv4 transport using the \f(CW\*(C`tcp\-port\*(C'\fR port
474 (default: \f(CW\*(C`no\*(C'\fR). Support for this horribly unsuitable protocol is only
475 available when gvpe was compiled using the \f(CW\*(C`\-\-enable\-tcp\*(C'\fR option. Never
476 use this transport unless you really must, it is very inefficient and
477 resource-intensive compared to the other transports (except for \s-1DNS\s0, which
478 is worse).
479 .IP "enable-udp = yes|true|on | no|false|off" 4
480 .IX Item "enable-udp = yes|true|on | no|false|off"
481 Enable the UDPv4 transport using the \f(CW\*(C`udp\-port\*(C'\fR port (default: \f(CW\*(C`no\*(C'\fR,
482 unless no other protocol is enabled for a node, in which case this
483 protocol is enabled automatically). This is a good general choice since
484 \&\s-1UDP\s0 tunnels well through many firewalls.
485 .Sp
486 \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 Please specify \f(CW\*(C`enable\-udp = yes\*(C'\fR if you want t use it even though
487 it might get switched on automatically, as some future version might
488 default to another default protocol.
489 .IP "inherit-tos = yes|true|on | no|false|off" 4
490 .IX Item "inherit-tos = yes|true|on | no|false|off"
491 Wether to inherit the \s-1TOS\s0 settings of packets sent to the tunnel when
492 sending packets to this node (default: \f(CW\*(C`yes\*(C'\fR). If set to \f(CW\*(C`yes\*(C'\fR then
493 outgoing tunnel packets will have the same \s-1TOS\s0 setting as the packets sent
494 to the tunnel device, which is usually what you want.
495 .IP "max-retry = positive-number" 4
496 .IX Item "max-retry = positive-number"
497 The maximum interval in seconds (default: \f(CW3600\fR, one hour) between
498 retries to establish a connection to this node. When a connection cannot
499 be established, gvpe uses exponential backoff capped at this value. It's
500 sometimes useful to set this to a much lower value (e.g. \f(CW120\fR) on
501 connections to routers that usually are stable but sometimes are down, to
502 assure quick reconnections even after longer downtimes.
503 .IP "router-priority = 0 | 1 | positive\-number>=2" 4
504 .IX Item "router-priority = 0 | 1 | positive-number>=2"
505 Sets the router priority of the given host (default: \f(CW0\fR, disabled). If
506 some host tries to connect to another host without a hostname, it asks
507 the router host for it's \s-1IP\s0 address. The router host is the one with the
508 highest priority larger than \f(CW1\fR that is currently reachable.
509 .Sp
510 Make sure all hosts always connect (\f(CW\*(C`connect = always\*(C'\fR) to the router
511 hosts, otherwise connecting to them might be impossible.
512 .Sp
513 The special value \f(CW1\fR allows other hosts to route through the router
514 host, but they will never route through it by default. The value \f(CW0\fR
515 disables routing. The idea behind this is that some hosts can, if
516 required, bump the \f(CW\*(C`router\-priority\*(C'\fR setting to higher than \f(CW1\fR in their
517 local config to route through specific hosts. If \f(CW\*(C`router\-priority\*(C'\fR is
518 \&\f(CW0\fR, then routing will be refused, so \f(CW1\fR serves as a \*(L"enable, but do
519 not use by default\*(R" switch.
520 .IP "tcp-port = port-number" 4
521 .IX Item "tcp-port = port-number"
522 Similar to \f(CW\*(C`udp\-port\*(C'\fR (default: \f(CW655\fR), but sets the \s-1TCP\s0 port number.
523 .IP "udp-port = port-number" 4
524 .IX Item "udp-port = port-number"
525 Sets the port number used by the \s-1UDP\s0 protocol (default: \f(CW655\fR, not
526 officially assigned by \s-1IANA\s0!).
527 .SH "CONFIG DIRECTORY LAYOUT"
528 .IX Header "CONFIG DIRECTORY LAYOUT"
529 The default (or recommended) directory layout for the config directory is:
530 .IP "\(bu" 4
531 .IX Xref "gvpe.conf"
532 The config file.
533 .IP "\(bu" 4
534 .IX Xref "if-up"
535 The if-up script
536 .IP "," 4
537 .IX Xref "node-up node-down"
538 If used the node up or node-down scripts.
539 .IP "\(bu" 4
540 .IX Xref "hostkey"
541 The private key (taken from \f(CW\*(C`hostkeys/nodename\*(C'\fR) of the current host.
542 .IP "\(bu" 4
543 .IX Xref "pubkey nodename"
544 The public keys of the other nodes, one file per node.
545 .SH "SEE ALSO"
546 .IX Header "SEE ALSO"
547 \&\fIgvpe\fR\|(5), \fIgvpe\fR\|(8), \fIgvpectrl\fR\|(8).
548 .SH "AUTHOR"
549 .IX Header "AUTHOR"
550 Marc Lehmann <gvpe@plan9.de>