--- libecb/ecb.pod 2011/06/10 12:20:14 1.29 +++ libecb/ecb.pod 2012/05/28 08:40:25 1.41 @@ -56,6 +56,17 @@ is usually implemented as a macro. Specifically, a "bool" in this manual refers to any kind of boolean value, not a specific type. +=head2 TYPES / TYPE SUPPORT + +ecb.h makes sure that the following types are defined (in the expected way): + + int8_t uint8_t int16_t uint16_t + int32_t uint32_t int64_t uint64_t + intptr_t uintptr_t + +The macro C is defined to the size of a pointer on this +platform (currently C<4> or C<8>). + =head2 GCC ATTRIBUTES A major part of libecb deals with GCC attributes. These are additional @@ -103,7 +114,7 @@ #endif } -=item ECB_INLINE +=item ecb_inline This is not actually an attribute, but you use it like one. It expands either to C or to just C, if inline isn't @@ -112,7 +123,7 @@ Example: inline this function, it surely will reduce codesize. - ECB_INLINE int + ecb_inline int negmul (int a, int b) { return - (a * b); @@ -398,7 +409,7 @@ =back -=head2 BIT FIDDLING / BITSTUFFS +=head2 BIT FIDDLING / BIT WIZARDRY =over 4 @@ -414,38 +425,104 @@ =item int ecb_ctz32 (uint32_t x) +=item int ecb_ctz64 (uint64_t x) + Returns the index of the least significant bit set in C (or equivalently the number of bits set to 0 before the least significant bit -set), starting from 0. If C is 0 the result is undefined. A common use -case is to compute the integer binary logarithm, i.e., C. For example: +set), starting from 0. If C is 0 the result is undefined. + +For smaller types than C you can safely use C. + +For example: ecb_ctz32 (3) = 0 ecb_ctz32 (6) = 1 +=item bool ecb_is_pot32 (uint32_t x) + +=item bool ecb_is_pot64 (uint32_t x) + +Return true iff C is a power of two or C. + +For smaller types then C you can safely use C. + +=item int ecb_ld32 (uint32_t x) + +=item int ecb_ld64 (uint64_t x) + +Returns the index of the most significant bit set in C, or the number +of digits the number requires in binary (so that C<< 2**ld <= x < +2**(ld+1) >>). If C is 0 the result is undefined. A common use case is +to compute the integer binary logarithm, i.e. C, for +example to see how many bits a certain number requires to be encoded. + +This function is similar to the "count leading zero bits" function, except +that that one returns how many zero bits are "in front" of the number (in +the given data type), while C returns how many bits the number +itself requires. + +For smaller types than C you can safely use C. + =item int ecb_popcount32 (uint32_t x) -Returns the number of bits set to 1 in C. For example: +=item int ecb_popcount64 (uint64_t x) + +Returns the number of bits set to 1 in C. + +For smaller types than C you can safely use C. + +For example: ecb_popcount32 (7) = 3 ecb_popcount32 (255) = 8 +=item uint8_t ecb_bitrev8 (uint8_t x) + +=item uint16_t ecb_bitrev16 (uint16_t x) + +=item uint32_t ecb_bitrev32 (uint32_t x) + +Reverses the bits in x, i.e. the MSB becomes the LSB, MSB-1 becomes LSB+1 +and so on. + +Example: + + ecb_bitrev8 (0xa7) = 0xea + ecb_bitrev32 (0xffcc4411) = 0x882233ff + =item uint32_t ecb_bswap16 (uint32_t x) =item uint32_t ecb_bswap32 (uint32_t x) -These two functions return the value of the 16-bit (32-bit) value C -after reversing the order of bytes (0x11223344 becomes 0x44332211). +=item uint64_t ecb_bswap64 (uint64_t x) -=item uint32_t ecb_rotr32 (uint32_t x, unsigned int count) +These functions return the value of the 16-bit (32-bit, 64-bit) value +C after reversing the order of bytes (0x11223344 becomes 0x44332211 in +C). + +=item uint8_t ecb_rotl8 (uint8_t x, unsigned int count) + +=item uint16_t ecb_rotl16 (uint16_t x, unsigned int count) =item uint32_t ecb_rotl32 (uint32_t x, unsigned int count) -These two functions return the value of C after rotating all the bits -by C positions to the right or left respectively. +=item uint64_t ecb_rotl64 (uint64_t x, unsigned int count) + +=item uint8_t ecb_rotr8 (uint8_t x, unsigned int count) + +=item uint16_t ecb_rotr16 (uint16_t x, unsigned int count) + +=item uint32_t ecb_rotr32 (uint32_t x, unsigned int count) + +=item uint64_t ecb_rotr64 (uint64_t x, unsigned int count) + +These two families of functions return the value of C after rotating +all the bits by C positions to the right (C) or left +(C). Current GCC versions understand these functions and usually compile them -to "optimal" code (e.g. a single C on x86). +to "optimal" code (e.g. a single C or a combination of C on +x86). =back @@ -465,7 +542,7 @@ C must be strictly positive (i.e. C<< >= 1 >>), while C must be negatable, that is, both C and C<-m> must be representable in its -type (this typically includes the minimum signed integer value, the same +type (this typically excludes the minimum signed integer value, the same limitation as for C and C<%> in C). Current GCC versions compile this into an efficient branchless sequence on @@ -479,6 +556,15 @@ for (m = -100; m <= 100; ++m) int elem = myarray [ecb_mod (m, ecb_array_length (myarray))]; +=item x = ecb_div_rd (val, div) + +=item x = ecb_div_ru (val, div) + +Returns C divided by C
rounded down or up, respectively. +C and C
must have integer types and C
must be strictly +positive. Note that these functions are implemented with macros in C +and with function templates in C++. + =back =head2 UTILITY