[ViewVC] Diff of: cvs/libev/ev.3

Comparing libev/ev.3 (file contents):
Revision 1.114 by root, Tue Jun 25 06:36:59 2019 UTC vs.
Revision 1.124 by root, Sun May 9 18:41:06 2021 UTC

 .\}
 .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
 .\" ========================================================================
 .\"
 .IX Title "LIBEV 3"
-.TH LIBEV 3 "2019-06-25" "libev-4.25" "libev - high performance full featured event loop"
+.TH LIBEV 3 "2021-01-11" "libev-4.33" "libev - high performance full featured event loop"
 .\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
 .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
 .if n .ad l
 .nh
 .SH "NAME"
 When libev detects a usage error such as a negative timer interval, then
 it will print a diagnostic message and abort (via the \f(CW\*(C`assert\*(C'\fR mechanism,
 so \f(CW\*(C`NDEBUG\*(C'\fR will disable this checking): these are programming errors in
 the libev caller and need to be fixed there.
 .PP
+Via the \f(CW\*(C`EV_FREQUENT\*(C'\fR macro you can compile in and/or enable extensive
+consistency checking code inside libev that can be used to check for
+internal inconsistencies, suually caused by application bugs.
+.PP
-Libev also has a few internal error-checking \f(CW\*(C`assert\*(C'\fRions, and also has
+Libev also has a few internal error-checking \f(CW\*(C`assert\*(C'\fRions. These do not
-extensive consistency checking code. These do not trigger under normal
-circumstances, as they indicate either a bug in libev or worse.
+trigger under normal circumstances, as they indicate either a bug in libev
+or worse.
 .SH "GLOBAL FUNCTIONS"
 .IX Header "GLOBAL FUNCTIONS"
 These functions can be called anytime, even before initialising the
 library in any way.
 .IP "ev_tstamp ev_time ()" 4
 want to handle signals only in specific threads and want to avoid libev
 unblocking the signals.
 .Sp
 It's also required by \s-1POSIX\s0 in a threaded program, as libev calls
 \&\f(CW\*(C`sigprocmask\*(C'\fR, whose behaviour is officially unspecified.
+.ie n .IP """EVFLAG_NOTIMERFD""" 4
+.el .IP "\f(CWEVFLAG_NOTIMERFD\fR" 4
+.IX Item "EVFLAG_NOTIMERFD"
+When this flag is specified, the libev will avoid using a \f(CW\*(C`timerfd\*(C'\fR to
+detect time jumps. It will still be able to detect time jumps, but takes
+longer and has a lower accuracy in doing so, but saves a file descriptor
+per loop.
 .Sp
-This flag's behaviour will become the default in future versions of libev.
+The current implementation only tries to use a \f(CW\*(C`timerfd\*(C'\fR when the first
+\&\f(CW\*(C`ev_periodic\*(C'\fR watcher is started and falls back on other methods if it
+cannot be created, but this behaviour might change in the future.
 .ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_SELECT""  (value 1, portable select backend)" 4
 .el .IP "\f(CWEVBACKEND_SELECT\fR  (value 1, portable select backend)" 4
 .IX Item "EVBACKEND_SELECT (value 1, portable select backend)"
 This is your standard \fBselect\fR\|(2) backend. Not \fIcompletely\fR standard, as
 libev tries to roll its own fd_set with no limits on the number of fds,
 \&   \- Queue all expired timers.
 \&   \- Queue all expired periodics.
 \&   \- Queue all idle watchers with priority higher than that of pending events.
 \&   \- Queue all check watchers.
 \&   \- Call all queued watchers in reverse order (i.e. check watchers first).
-\&     Signals and child watchers are implemented as I/O watchers, and will
+\&     Signals, async and child watchers are implemented as I/O watchers, and
-\&     be handled here by queueing them when their watcher gets executed.
+\&     will be handled here by queueing them when their watcher gets executed.
 \&   \- If ev_break has been called, or EVRUN_ONCE or EVRUN_NOWAIT
 \&     were used, or there are no active watchers, goto FINISH, otherwise
 \&     continue with step LOOP.
 \&   FINISH:
 \&   \- Reset the ev_break status iff it was EVBREAK_ONE.
 with a watcher-specific start function (\f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_start (loop, watcher
 *)\*(C'\fR), and you can stop watching for events at any time by calling the
 corresponding stop function (\f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_stop (loop, watcher *)\*(C'\fR.
 .PP
 As long as your watcher is active (has been started but not stopped) you
-must not touch the values stored in it. Most specifically you must never
+must not touch the values stored in it except when explicitly documented
-reinitialise it or call its \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_set\*(C'\fR macro.
+otherwise. Most specifically you must never reinitialise it or call its
+\&\f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_set\*(C'\fR macro.
 .PP
 Each and every callback receives the event loop pointer as first, the
 registered watcher structure as second, and a bitset of received events as
 third argument.
 .PP
 therefore a good idea to always call its \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_stop\*(C'\fR function.
 .IP "bool ev_is_active (ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4
 .IX Item "bool ev_is_active (ev_TYPE *watcher)"
 Returns a true value iff the watcher is active (i.e. it has been started
 and not yet been stopped). As long as a watcher is active you must not modify
-it.
+it unless documented otherwise.
 .IP "bool ev_is_pending (ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4
 .IX Item "bool ev_is_pending (ev_TYPE *watcher)"
 Returns a true value iff the watcher is pending, (i.e. it has outstanding
 events but its callback has not yet been invoked). As long as a watcher
 is pending (but not active) you must not call an init function on it (but
 .IX Subsection "WATCHER PRIORITY MODELS"
 Many event loops support \fIwatcher priorities\fR, which are usually small
 integers that influence the ordering of event callback invocation
 between watchers in some way, all else being equal.
 .PP
-In libev, Watcher priorities can be set using \f(CW\*(C`ev_set_priority\*(C'\fR. See its
+In libev, watcher priorities can be set using \f(CW\*(C`ev_set_priority\*(C'\fR. See its
 description for the more technical details such as the actual priority
 range.
 .PP
 There are two common ways how these these priorities are being interpreted
 by event loops:
 .IX Header "WATCHER TYPES"
 This section describes each watcher in detail, but will not repeat
 information given in the last section. Any initialisation/set macros,
 functions and members specific to the watcher type are explained.
 .PP
-Members are additionally marked with either \fI[read\-only]\fR, meaning that,
+Most members are additionally marked with either \fI[read\-only]\fR, meaning
-while the watcher is active, you can look at the member and expect some
+that, while the watcher is active, you can look at the member and expect
-sensible content, but you must not modify it (you can modify it while the
+some sensible content, but you must not modify it (you can modify it while
-watcher is stopped to your hearts content), or \fI[read\-write]\fR, which
+the watcher is stopped to your hearts content), or \fI[read\-write]\fR, which
-means you can expect it to have some sensible content while the watcher
+means you can expect it to have some sensible content while the watcher is
-is active, but you can also modify it. Modifying it may not do something
+active, but you can also modify it (within the same thread as the event
+loop, i.e. without creating data races). Modifying it may not do something
 sensible or take immediate effect (or do anything at all), but libev will
 not crash or malfunction in any way.
+.PP
+In any case, the documentation for each member will explain what the
+effects are, and if there are any additional access restrictions.
 .ie n .SS """ev_io"" \- is this file descriptor readable or writable?"
 .el .SS "\f(CWev_io\fP \- is this file descriptor readable or writable?"
 .IX Subsection "ev_io - is this file descriptor readable or writable?"
 I/O watchers check whether a file descriptor is readable or writable
 in each iteration of the event loop, or, more precisely, when reading
 reuse the same code path.
 .PP
 \fIThe special problem of fork\fR
 .IX Subsection "The special problem of fork"
 .PP
-Some backends (epoll, kqueue, probably linuxaio) do not support \f(CW\*(C`fork ()\*(C'\fR
+Some backends (epoll, kqueue, linuxaio, iouring) do not support \f(CW\*(C`fork ()\*(C'\fR
 at all or exhibit useless behaviour. Libev fully supports fork, but needs
 to be told about it in the child if you want to continue to use it in the
 child.
 .PP
 To support fork in your child processes, you have to call \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_fork
 .PD 0
 .IP "ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)" 4
 .IX Item "ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)"
 .PD
 Configures an \f(CW\*(C`ev_io\*(C'\fR watcher. The \f(CW\*(C`fd\*(C'\fR is the file descriptor to
-receive events for and \f(CW\*(C`events\*(C'\fR is either \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR or
+receive events for and \f(CW\*(C`events\*(C'\fR is either \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR, both
-\&\f(CW\*(C`EV_READ | EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR, to express the desire to receive the given events.
+\&\f(CW\*(C`EV_READ | EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR or \f(CW0\fR, to express the desire to receive the given
+events.
+.Sp
+Note that setting the \f(CW\*(C`events\*(C'\fR to \f(CW0\fR and starting the watcher is
+supported, but not specially optimized \- if your program sometimes happens
+to generate this combination this is fine, but if it is easy to avoid
+starting an io watcher watching for no events you should do so.
+.IP "ev_io_modify (ev_io *, int events)" 4
+.IX Item "ev_io_modify (ev_io *, int events)"
+Similar to \f(CW\*(C`ev_io_set\*(C'\fR, but only changes the requested events. Using this
+might be faster with some backends, as libev can assume that the \f(CW\*(C`fd\*(C'\fR
+still refers to the same underlying file description, something it cannot
+do when using \f(CW\*(C`ev_io_set\*(C'\fR.
-.IP "int fd [read\-only]" 4
+.IP "int fd [no\-modify]" 4
-.IX Item "int fd [read-only]"
+.IX Item "int fd [no-modify]"
-The file descriptor being watched.
+The file descriptor being watched. While it can be read at any time, you
+must not modify this member even when the watcher is stopped \- always use
+\&\f(CW\*(C`ev_io_set\*(C'\fR for that.
-.IP "int events [read\-only]" 4
+.IP "int events [no\-modify]" 4
-.IX Item "int events [read-only]"
+.IX Item "int events [no-modify]"
-The events being watched.
+The set of events the fd is being watched for, among other flags. Remember
+that this is a bit set \- to test for \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR, use \f(CW\*(C`w\->events &
+EV_READ\*(C'\fR, and similarly for \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR.
+.Sp
+As with \f(CW\*(C`fd\*(C'\fR, you must not modify this member even when the watcher is
+stopped, always use \f(CW\*(C`ev_io_set\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`ev_io_modify\*(C'\fR for that.
 .PP
 \fIExamples\fR
 .IX Subsection "Examples"
 .PP
 Example: Call \f(CW\*(C`stdin_readable_cb\*(C'\fR when \s-1STDIN_FILENO\s0 has become, well
 .PP
 First, you need to associate some data with the event loop:
 .PP
 .Vb 6
 \&   typedef struct {
-\&     mutex_t lock; /* global loop lock */
+\&     pthread_mutex_t lock; /* global loop lock */
+\&     pthread_t tid;
+\&     pthread_cond_t invoke_cv;
 \&     ev_async async_w;
-\&     thread_t tid;
-\&     cond_t invoke_cv;
 \&   } userdata;
 \&
 \&   void prepare_loop (EV_P)
 \&   {
 \&      // for simplicity, we use a static userdata struct.
 \&      static userdata u;
 \&
-\&      ev_async_init (&u\->async_w, async_cb);
+\&      ev_async_init (&u.async_w, async_cb);
-\&      ev_async_start (EV_A_ &u\->async_w);
+\&      ev_async_start (EV_A_ &u.async_w);
 \&
-\&      pthread_mutex_init (&u\->lock, 0);
+\&      pthread_mutex_init (&u.lock, 0);
-\&      pthread_cond_init (&u\->invoke_cv, 0);
+\&      pthread_cond_init (&u.invoke_cv, 0);
 \&
 \&      // now associate this with the loop
-\&      ev_set_userdata (EV_A_ u);
+\&      ev_set_userdata (EV_A_ &u);
 \&      ev_set_invoke_pending_cb (EV_A_ l_invoke);
 \&      ev_set_loop_release_cb (EV_A_ l_release, l_acquire);
 \&
 \&      // then create the thread running ev_run
-\&      pthread_create (&u\->tid, 0, l_run, EV_A);
+\&      pthread_create (&u.tid, 0, l_run, EV_A);
 \&   }
 .Ve
 .PP
 The callback for the \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR watcher does nothing: the watcher is used
 solely to wake up the event loop so it takes notice of any new watchers
 gets automatically stopped and restarted when reconfiguring it with this
 method.
 .Sp
 For \f(CW\*(C`ev::embed\*(C'\fR watchers this method is called \f(CW\*(C`set_embed\*(C'\fR, to avoid
 clashing with the \f(CW\*(C`set (loop)\*(C'\fR method.
+.Sp
+For \f(CW\*(C`ev::io\*(C'\fR watchers there is an additional \f(CW\*(C`set\*(C'\fR method that acepts a
+new event mask only, and internally calls \f(CW\*(C`ev_io_modfify\*(C'\fR.
 .IP "w\->start ()" 4
 .IX Item "w->start ()"
 Starts the watcher. Note that there is no \f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR argument, as the
 constructor already stores the event loop.
 .IP "w\->start ([arguments])" 4
 \&
 \&   ev_select.c     only when select backend is enabled
 \&   ev_poll.c       only when poll backend is enabled
 \&   ev_epoll.c      only when the epoll backend is enabled
 \&   ev_linuxaio.c   only when the linux aio backend is enabled
+\&   ev_iouring.c    only when the linux io_uring backend is enabled
 \&   ev_kqueue.c     only when the kqueue backend is enabled
 \&   ev_port.c       only when the solaris port backend is enabled
 .Ve
 .PP
 \&\fIev.c\fR includes the backend files directly when enabled, so you only need
 higher, as it simplifies linking (no need for \f(CW\*(C`\-lrt\*(C'\fR).
 .IP "\s-1EV_USE_NANOSLEEP\s0" 4
 .IX Item "EV_USE_NANOSLEEP"
 If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will assume that \f(CW\*(C`nanosleep ()\*(C'\fR is available
 and will use it for delays. Otherwise it will use \f(CW\*(C`select ()\*(C'\fR.
+.IP "\s-1EV_USE_EVENTFD\s0" 4
+.IX Item "EV_USE_EVENTFD"
+If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, then libev will assume that \f(CW\*(C`eventfd ()\*(C'\fR is
+available and will probe for kernel support at runtime. This will improve
+\&\f(CW\*(C`ev_signal\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR performance and reduce resource consumption.
+If undefined, it will be enabled if the headers indicate GNU/Linux + Glibc
+2.7 or newer, otherwise disabled.
+.IP "\s-1EV_USE_SIGNALFD\s0" 4
+.IX Item "EV_USE_SIGNALFD"
+If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, then libev will assume that \f(CW\*(C`signalfd ()\*(C'\fR is
+available and will probe for kernel support at runtime. This enables
+the use of \s-1EVFLAG_SIGNALFD\s0 for faster and simpler signal handling. If
+undefined, it will be enabled if the headers indicate GNU/Linux + Glibc
+2.7 or newer, otherwise disabled.
+.IP "\s-1EV_USE_TIMERFD\s0" 4
+.IX Item "EV_USE_TIMERFD"
+If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, then libev will assume that \f(CW\*(C`timerfd ()\*(C'\fR is
+available and will probe for kernel support at runtime. This allows
+libev to detect time jumps accurately. If undefined, it will be enabled
+if the headers indicate GNU/Linux + Glibc 2.8 or newer and define
+\&\f(CW\*(C`TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET\*(C'\fR, otherwise disabled.
 .IP "\s-1EV_USE_EVENTFD\s0" 4
 .IX Item "EV_USE_EVENTFD"
 If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, then libev will assume that \f(CW\*(C`eventfd ()\*(C'\fR is
 available and will probe for kernel support at runtime. This will improve
 \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_signal\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR performance and reduce resource consumption.
 otherwise another method will be used as fallback. This is the preferred
 backend for GNU/Linux systems. If undefined, it will be enabled if the
 headers indicate GNU/Linux + Glibc 2.4 or newer, otherwise disabled.
 .IP "\s-1EV_USE_LINUXAIO\s0" 4
 .IX Item "EV_USE_LINUXAIO"
+If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the Linux aio
+backend (\f(CW\*(C`EV_USE_EPOLL\*(C'\fR must also be enabled). If undefined, it will be
+enabled on linux, otherwise disabled.
+.IP "\s-1EV_USE_IOURING\s0" 4
+.IX Item "EV_USE_IOURING"
 If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the Linux
-aio backend. Due to it's currenbt limitations it has to be requested
+io_uring backend (\f(CW\*(C`EV_USE_EPOLL\*(C'\fR must also be enabled). Due to it's
-explicitly.  If undefined, it will be enabled on linux, otherwise
+current limitations it has to be requested explicitly. If undefined, it
-disabled.
+will be enabled on linux, otherwise disabled.
 .IP "\s-1EV_USE_KQUEUE\s0" 4
 .IX Item "EV_USE_KQUEUE"
 If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the \s-1BSD\s0 style
 \&\f(CW\*(C`kqueue\*(C'\fR(2) backend. Its actual availability will be detected at runtime,
 otherwise another method will be used as fallback. This is the preferred
 in. If set to \f(CW1\fR, then verification code will be compiled in, but not
 called. If set to \f(CW2\fR, then the internal verification code will be
 called once per loop, which can slow down libev. If set to \f(CW3\fR, then the
 verification code will be called very frequently, which will slow down
 libev considerably.
+.Sp
+Verification errors are reported via C's \f(CW\*(C`assert\*(C'\fR mechanism, so if you
+disable that (e.g. by defining \f(CW\*(C`NDEBUG\*(C'\fR) then no errors will be reported.
 .Sp
 The default is \f(CW1\fR, unless \f(CW\*(C`EV_FEATURES\*(C'\fR overrides it, in which case it
 will be \f(CW0\fR.
 .IP "\s-1EV_COMMON\s0" 4
 .IX Item "EV_COMMON"

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Comparing libev/ev.3 (file contents): Revision 1.114 by root, Tue Jun 25 06:36:59 2019 UTC vs. Revision 1.124 by root, Sun May 9 18:41:06 2021 UTC

Diff Legend

Comparing libev/ev.3 (file contents):
Revision 1.114 by root, Tue Jun 25 06:36:59 2019 UTC vs.
Revision 1.124 by root, Sun May 9 18:41:06 2021 UTC