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Comparing libev/ev.3 (file contents):
Revision 1.115 by root, Wed Jun 26 00:01:46 2019 UTC vs.
Revision 1.123 by root, Sun Jul 26 11:10:45 2020 UTC

… …
131.\} 131.\}
132.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C 132.rm #[ #] #H #V #F C
133.\" ======================================================================== 133.\" ========================================================================
134.\" 134.\"
135.IX Title "LIBEV 3" 135.IX Title "LIBEV 3"
136.TH LIBEV 3 "2019-06-25" "libev-4.25" "libev - high performance full featured event loop" 136.TH LIBEV 3 "2020-07-12" "libev-4.33" "libev - high performance full featured event loop"
137.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes 137.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
138.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. 138.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
139.if n .ad l 139.if n .ad l
140.nh 140.nh
141.SH "NAME" 141.SH "NAME"
… …
606want to handle signals only in specific threads and want to avoid libev 606want to handle signals only in specific threads and want to avoid libev
607unblocking the signals. 607unblocking the signals.
608.Sp 608.Sp
609It's also required by \s-1POSIX\s0 in a threaded program, as libev calls 609It's also required by \s-1POSIX\s0 in a threaded program, as libev calls
610\&\f(CW\*(C`sigprocmask\*(C'\fR, whose behaviour is officially unspecified. 610\&\f(CW\*(C`sigprocmask\*(C'\fR, whose behaviour is officially unspecified.
611.ie n .IP """EVFLAG_NOTIMERFD""" 4
612.el .IP "\f(CWEVFLAG_NOTIMERFD\fR" 4
613.IX Item "EVFLAG_NOTIMERFD"
614When this flag is specified, the libev will avoid using a \f(CW\*(C`timerfd\*(C'\fR to
615detect time jumps. It will still be able to detect time jumps, but takes
616longer and has a lower accuracy in doing so, but saves a file descriptor
617per loop.
611.Sp 618.Sp
612This flag's behaviour will become the default in future versions of libev. 619The current implementation only tries to use a \f(CW\*(C`timerfd\*(C'\fR when the first
620\&\f(CW\*(C`ev_periodic\*(C'\fR watcher is started and falls back on other methods if it
621cannot be created, but this behaviour might change in the future.
613.ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_SELECT"" (value 1, portable select backend)" 4 622.ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_SELECT"" (value 1, portable select backend)" 4
614.el .IP "\f(CWEVBACKEND_SELECT\fR (value 1, portable select backend)" 4 623.el .IP "\f(CWEVBACKEND_SELECT\fR (value 1, portable select backend)" 4
615.IX Item "EVBACKEND_SELECT (value 1, portable select backend)" 624.IX Item "EVBACKEND_SELECT (value 1, portable select backend)"
616This is your standard \fBselect\fR\|(2) backend. Not \fIcompletely\fR standard, as 625This is your standard \fBselect\fR\|(2) backend. Not \fIcompletely\fR standard, as
617libev tries to roll its own fd_set with no limits on the number of fds, 626libev tries to roll its own fd_set with no limits on the number of fds,
… …
1340with a watcher-specific start function (\f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_start (loop, watcher 1349with a watcher-specific start function (\f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_start (loop, watcher
1341*)\*(C'\fR), and you can stop watching for events at any time by calling the 1350*)\*(C'\fR), and you can stop watching for events at any time by calling the
1342corresponding stop function (\f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_stop (loop, watcher *)\*(C'\fR. 1351corresponding stop function (\f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_stop (loop, watcher *)\*(C'\fR.
1343.PP 1352.PP
1344As long as your watcher is active (has been started but not stopped) you 1353As long as your watcher is active (has been started but not stopped) you
1345must not touch the values stored in it. Most specifically you must never 1354must not touch the values stored in it except when explicitly documented
1346reinitialise it or call its \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_set\*(C'\fR macro. 1355otherwise. Most specifically you must never reinitialise it or call its
1356\&\f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_set\*(C'\fR macro.
1347.PP 1357.PP
1348Each and every callback receives the event loop pointer as first, the 1358Each and every callback receives the event loop pointer as first, the
1349registered watcher structure as second, and a bitset of received events as 1359registered watcher structure as second, and a bitset of received events as
1350third argument. 1360third argument.
1351.PP 1361.PP
… …
1522therefore a good idea to always call its \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_stop\*(C'\fR function. 1532therefore a good idea to always call its \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_stop\*(C'\fR function.
1523.IP "bool ev_is_active (ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4 1533.IP "bool ev_is_active (ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4
1524.IX Item "bool ev_is_active (ev_TYPE *watcher)" 1534.IX Item "bool ev_is_active (ev_TYPE *watcher)"
1525Returns a true value iff the watcher is active (i.e. it has been started 1535Returns a true value iff the watcher is active (i.e. it has been started
1526and not yet been stopped). As long as a watcher is active you must not modify 1536and not yet been stopped). As long as a watcher is active you must not modify
1527it. 1537it unless documented otherwise.
1528.IP "bool ev_is_pending (ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4 1538.IP "bool ev_is_pending (ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4
1529.IX Item "bool ev_is_pending (ev_TYPE *watcher)" 1539.IX Item "bool ev_is_pending (ev_TYPE *watcher)"
1530Returns a true value iff the watcher is pending, (i.e. it has outstanding 1540Returns a true value iff the watcher is pending, (i.e. it has outstanding
1531events but its callback has not yet been invoked). As long as a watcher 1541events but its callback has not yet been invoked). As long as a watcher
1532is pending (but not active) you must not call an init function on it (but 1542is pending (but not active) you must not call an init function on it (but
… …
1654.IX Subsection "WATCHER PRIORITY MODELS" 1664.IX Subsection "WATCHER PRIORITY MODELS"
1655Many event loops support \fIwatcher priorities\fR, which are usually small 1665Many event loops support \fIwatcher priorities\fR, which are usually small
1656integers that influence the ordering of event callback invocation 1666integers that influence the ordering of event callback invocation
1657between watchers in some way, all else being equal. 1667between watchers in some way, all else being equal.
1658.PP 1668.PP
1659In libev, Watcher priorities can be set using \f(CW\*(C`ev_set_priority\*(C'\fR. See its 1669In libev, watcher priorities can be set using \f(CW\*(C`ev_set_priority\*(C'\fR. See its
1660description for the more technical details such as the actual priority 1670description for the more technical details such as the actual priority
1661range. 1671range.
1662.PP 1672.PP
1663There are two common ways how these these priorities are being interpreted 1673There are two common ways how these these priorities are being interpreted
1664by event loops: 1674by event loops:
… …
1758.IX Header "WATCHER TYPES" 1768.IX Header "WATCHER TYPES"
1759This section describes each watcher in detail, but will not repeat 1769This section describes each watcher in detail, but will not repeat
1760information given in the last section. Any initialisation/set macros, 1770information given in the last section. Any initialisation/set macros,
1761functions and members specific to the watcher type are explained. 1771functions and members specific to the watcher type are explained.
1762.PP 1772.PP
1763Members are additionally marked with either \fI[read\-only]\fR, meaning that, 1773Most members are additionally marked with either \fI[read\-only]\fR, meaning
1764while the watcher is active, you can look at the member and expect some 1774that, while the watcher is active, you can look at the member and expect
1765sensible content, but you must not modify it (you can modify it while the 1775some sensible content, but you must not modify it (you can modify it while
1766watcher is stopped to your hearts content), or \fI[read\-write]\fR, which 1776the watcher is stopped to your hearts content), or \fI[read\-write]\fR, which
1767means you can expect it to have some sensible content while the watcher 1777means you can expect it to have some sensible content while the watcher is
1768is active, but you can also modify it. Modifying it may not do something 1778active, but you can also modify it (within the same thread as the event
1779loop, i.e. without creating data races). Modifying it may not do something
1769sensible or take immediate effect (or do anything at all), but libev will 1780sensible or take immediate effect (or do anything at all), but libev will
1770not crash or malfunction in any way. 1781not crash or malfunction in any way.
1782.PP
1783In any case, the documentation for each member will explain what the
1784effects are, and if there are any additional access restrictions.
1771.ie n .SS """ev_io"" \- is this file descriptor readable or writable?" 1785.ie n .SS """ev_io"" \- is this file descriptor readable or writable?"
1772.el .SS "\f(CWev_io\fP \- is this file descriptor readable or writable?" 1786.el .SS "\f(CWev_io\fP \- is this file descriptor readable or writable?"
1773.IX Subsection "ev_io - is this file descriptor readable or writable?" 1787.IX Subsection "ev_io - is this file descriptor readable or writable?"
1774I/O watchers check whether a file descriptor is readable or writable 1788I/O watchers check whether a file descriptor is readable or writable
1775in each iteration of the event loop, or, more precisely, when reading 1789in each iteration of the event loop, or, more precisely, when reading
… …
1871reuse the same code path. 1885reuse the same code path.
1872.PP 1886.PP
1873\fIThe special problem of fork\fR 1887\fIThe special problem of fork\fR
1874.IX Subsection "The special problem of fork" 1888.IX Subsection "The special problem of fork"
1875.PP 1889.PP
1876Some backends (epoll, kqueue, probably linuxaio) do not support \f(CW\*(C`fork ()\*(C'\fR 1890Some backends (epoll, kqueue, linuxaio, iouring) do not support \f(CW\*(C`fork ()\*(C'\fR
1877at all or exhibit useless behaviour. Libev fully supports fork, but needs 1891at all or exhibit useless behaviour. Libev fully supports fork, but needs
1878to be told about it in the child if you want to continue to use it in the 1892to be told about it in the child if you want to continue to use it in the
1879child. 1893child.
1880.PP 1894.PP
1881To support fork in your child processes, you have to call \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_fork 1895To support fork in your child processes, you have to call \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_fork
… …
1941.PD 0 1955.PD 0
1942.IP "ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)" 4 1956.IP "ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)" 4
1943.IX Item "ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)" 1957.IX Item "ev_io_set (ev_io *, int fd, int events)"
1944.PD 1958.PD
1945Configures an \f(CW\*(C`ev_io\*(C'\fR watcher. The \f(CW\*(C`fd\*(C'\fR is the file descriptor to 1959Configures an \f(CW\*(C`ev_io\*(C'\fR watcher. The \f(CW\*(C`fd\*(C'\fR is the file descriptor to
1946receive events for and \f(CW\*(C`events\*(C'\fR is either \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR or 1960receive events for and \f(CW\*(C`events\*(C'\fR is either \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR, both
1947\&\f(CW\*(C`EV_READ | EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR, to express the desire to receive the given events. 1961\&\f(CW\*(C`EV_READ | EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR or \f(CW0\fR, to express the desire to receive the given
1962events.
1963.Sp
1964Note that setting the \f(CW\*(C`events\*(C'\fR to \f(CW0\fR and starting the watcher is
1965supported, but not specially optimized \- if your program sometimes happens
1966to generate this combination this is fine, but if it is easy to avoid
1967starting an io watcher watching for no events you should do so.
1968.IP "ev_io_modify (ev_io *, int events)" 4
1969.IX Item "ev_io_modify (ev_io *, int events)"
1970Similar to \f(CW\*(C`ev_io_set\*(C'\fR, but only changes the requested events. Using this
1971might be faster with some backends, as libev can assume that the \f(CW\*(C`fd\*(C'\fR
1972still refers to the same underlying file description, something it cannot
1973do when using \f(CW\*(C`ev_io_set\*(C'\fR.
1948.IP "int fd [read\-only]" 4 1974.IP "int fd [no\-modify]" 4
1949.IX Item "int fd [read-only]" 1975.IX Item "int fd [no-modify]"
1950The file descriptor being watched. 1976The file descriptor being watched. While it can be read at any time, you
1977must not modify this member even when the watcher is stopped \- always use
1978\&\f(CW\*(C`ev_io_set\*(C'\fR for that.
1951.IP "int events [read\-only]" 4 1979.IP "int events [no\-modify]" 4
1952.IX Item "int events [read-only]" 1980.IX Item "int events [no-modify]"
1953The events being watched. 1981The set of events the fd is being watched for, among other flags. Remember
1982that this is a bit set \- to test for \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR, use \f(CW\*(C`w\->events &
1983EV_READ\*(C'\fR, and similarly for \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR.
1984.Sp
1985As with \f(CW\*(C`fd\*(C'\fR, you must not modify this member even when the watcher is
1986stopped, always use \f(CW\*(C`ev_io_set\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`ev_io_modify\*(C'\fR for that.
1954.PP 1987.PP
1955\fIExamples\fR 1988\fIExamples\fR
1956.IX Subsection "Examples" 1989.IX Subsection "Examples"
1957.PP 1990.PP
1958Example: Call \f(CW\*(C`stdin_readable_cb\*(C'\fR when \s-1STDIN_FILENO\s0 has become, well 1991Example: Call \f(CW\*(C`stdin_readable_cb\*(C'\fR when \s-1STDIN_FILENO\s0 has become, well
… …
3969.PP 4002.PP
3970First, you need to associate some data with the event loop: 4003First, you need to associate some data with the event loop:
3971.PP 4004.PP
3972.Vb 6 4005.Vb 6
3973\& typedef struct { 4006\& typedef struct {
3974\& mutex_t lock; /* global loop lock */ 4007\& pthread_mutex_t lock; /* global loop lock */
4008\& pthread_t tid;
4009\& pthread_cond_t invoke_cv;
3975\& ev_async async_w; 4010\& ev_async async_w;
3976\& thread_t tid;
3977\& cond_t invoke_cv;
3978\& } userdata; 4011\& } userdata;
3979\& 4012\&
3980\& void prepare_loop (EV_P) 4013\& void prepare_loop (EV_P)
3981\& { 4014\& {
3982\& // for simplicity, we use a static userdata struct. 4015\& // for simplicity, we use a static userdata struct.
3983\& static userdata u; 4016\& static userdata u;
3984\& 4017\&
3985\& ev_async_init (&u\->async_w, async_cb); 4018\& ev_async_init (&u.async_w, async_cb);
3986\& ev_async_start (EV_A_ &u\->async_w); 4019\& ev_async_start (EV_A_ &u.async_w);
3987\& 4020\&
3988\& pthread_mutex_init (&u\->lock, 0); 4021\& pthread_mutex_init (&u.lock, 0);
3989\& pthread_cond_init (&u\->invoke_cv, 0); 4022\& pthread_cond_init (&u.invoke_cv, 0);
3990\& 4023\&
3991\& // now associate this with the loop 4024\& // now associate this with the loop
3992\& ev_set_userdata (EV_A_ u); 4025\& ev_set_userdata (EV_A_ &u);
3993\& ev_set_invoke_pending_cb (EV_A_ l_invoke); 4026\& ev_set_invoke_pending_cb (EV_A_ l_invoke);
3994\& ev_set_loop_release_cb (EV_A_ l_release, l_acquire); 4027\& ev_set_loop_release_cb (EV_A_ l_release, l_acquire);
3995\& 4028\&
3996\& // then create the thread running ev_run 4029\& // then create the thread running ev_run
3997\& pthread_create (&u\->tid, 0, l_run, EV_A); 4030\& pthread_create (&u.tid, 0, l_run, EV_A);
3998\& } 4031\& }
3999.Ve 4032.Ve
4000.PP 4033.PP
4001The callback for the \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR watcher does nothing: the watcher is used 4034The callback for the \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR watcher does nothing: the watcher is used
4002solely to wake up the event loop so it takes notice of any new watchers 4035solely to wake up the event loop so it takes notice of any new watchers
… …
4386gets automatically stopped and restarted when reconfiguring it with this 4419gets automatically stopped and restarted when reconfiguring it with this
4387method. 4420method.
4388.Sp 4421.Sp
4389For \f(CW\*(C`ev::embed\*(C'\fR watchers this method is called \f(CW\*(C`set_embed\*(C'\fR, to avoid 4422For \f(CW\*(C`ev::embed\*(C'\fR watchers this method is called \f(CW\*(C`set_embed\*(C'\fR, to avoid
4390clashing with the \f(CW\*(C`set (loop)\*(C'\fR method. 4423clashing with the \f(CW\*(C`set (loop)\*(C'\fR method.
4424.Sp
4425For \f(CW\*(C`ev::io\*(C'\fR watchers there is an additional \f(CW\*(C`set\*(C'\fR method that acepts a
4426new event mask only, and internally calls \f(CW\*(C`ev_io_modfify\*(C'\fR.
4391.IP "w\->start ()" 4 4427.IP "w\->start ()" 4
4392.IX Item "w->start ()" 4428.IX Item "w->start ()"
4393Starts the watcher. Note that there is no \f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR argument, as the 4429Starts the watcher. Note that there is no \f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR argument, as the
4394constructor already stores the event loop. 4430constructor already stores the event loop.
4395.IP "w\->start ([arguments])" 4 4431.IP "w\->start ([arguments])" 4
… …
4624\& 4660\&
4625\& ev_select.c only when select backend is enabled 4661\& ev_select.c only when select backend is enabled
4626\& ev_poll.c only when poll backend is enabled 4662\& ev_poll.c only when poll backend is enabled
4627\& ev_epoll.c only when the epoll backend is enabled 4663\& ev_epoll.c only when the epoll backend is enabled
4628\& ev_linuxaio.c only when the linux aio backend is enabled 4664\& ev_linuxaio.c only when the linux aio backend is enabled
4665\& ev_iouring.c only when the linux io_uring backend is enabled
4629\& ev_kqueue.c only when the kqueue backend is enabled 4666\& ev_kqueue.c only when the kqueue backend is enabled
4630\& ev_port.c only when the solaris port backend is enabled 4667\& ev_port.c only when the solaris port backend is enabled
4631.Ve 4668.Ve
4632.PP 4669.PP
4633\&\fIev.c\fR includes the backend files directly when enabled, so you only need 4670\&\fIev.c\fR includes the backend files directly when enabled, so you only need
… …
4746higher, as it simplifies linking (no need for \f(CW\*(C`\-lrt\*(C'\fR). 4783higher, as it simplifies linking (no need for \f(CW\*(C`\-lrt\*(C'\fR).
4747.IP "\s-1EV_USE_NANOSLEEP\s0" 4 4784.IP "\s-1EV_USE_NANOSLEEP\s0" 4
4748.IX Item "EV_USE_NANOSLEEP" 4785.IX Item "EV_USE_NANOSLEEP"
4749If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will assume that \f(CW\*(C`nanosleep ()\*(C'\fR is available 4786If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will assume that \f(CW\*(C`nanosleep ()\*(C'\fR is available
4750and will use it for delays. Otherwise it will use \f(CW\*(C`select ()\*(C'\fR. 4787and will use it for delays. Otherwise it will use \f(CW\*(C`select ()\*(C'\fR.
4788.IP "\s-1EV_USE_EVENTFD\s0" 4
4789.IX Item "EV_USE_EVENTFD"
4790If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, then libev will assume that \f(CW\*(C`eventfd ()\*(C'\fR is
4791available and will probe for kernel support at runtime. This will improve
4792\&\f(CW\*(C`ev_signal\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR performance and reduce resource consumption.
4793If undefined, it will be enabled if the headers indicate GNU/Linux + Glibc
47942.7 or newer, otherwise disabled.
4795.IP "\s-1EV_USE_SIGNALFD\s0" 4
4796.IX Item "EV_USE_SIGNALFD"
4797If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, then libev will assume that \f(CW\*(C`signalfd ()\*(C'\fR is
4798available and will probe for kernel support at runtime. This enables
4799the use of \s-1EVFLAG_SIGNALFD\s0 for faster and simpler signal handling. If
4800undefined, it will be enabled if the headers indicate GNU/Linux + Glibc
48012.7 or newer, otherwise disabled.
4802.IP "\s-1EV_USE_TIMERFD\s0" 4
4803.IX Item "EV_USE_TIMERFD"
4804If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, then libev will assume that \f(CW\*(C`timerfd ()\*(C'\fR is
4805available and will probe for kernel support at runtime. This allows
4806libev to detect time jumps accurately. If undefined, it will be enabled
4807if the headers indicate GNU/Linux + Glibc 2.8 or newer and define
4808\&\f(CW\*(C`TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET\*(C'\fR, otherwise disabled.
4751.IP "\s-1EV_USE_EVENTFD\s0" 4 4809.IP "\s-1EV_USE_EVENTFD\s0" 4
4752.IX Item "EV_USE_EVENTFD" 4810.IX Item "EV_USE_EVENTFD"
4753If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, then libev will assume that \f(CW\*(C`eventfd ()\*(C'\fR is 4811If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, then libev will assume that \f(CW\*(C`eventfd ()\*(C'\fR is
4754available and will probe for kernel support at runtime. This will improve 4812available and will probe for kernel support at runtime. This will improve
4755\&\f(CW\*(C`ev_signal\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR performance and reduce resource consumption. 4813\&\f(CW\*(C`ev_signal\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR performance and reduce resource consumption.
… …
4816otherwise another method will be used as fallback. This is the preferred 4874otherwise another method will be used as fallback. This is the preferred
4817backend for GNU/Linux systems. If undefined, it will be enabled if the 4875backend for GNU/Linux systems. If undefined, it will be enabled if the
4818headers indicate GNU/Linux + Glibc 2.4 or newer, otherwise disabled. 4876headers indicate GNU/Linux + Glibc 2.4 or newer, otherwise disabled.
4819.IP "\s-1EV_USE_LINUXAIO\s0" 4 4877.IP "\s-1EV_USE_LINUXAIO\s0" 4
4820.IX Item "EV_USE_LINUXAIO" 4878.IX Item "EV_USE_LINUXAIO"
4879If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the Linux aio
4880backend (\f(CW\*(C`EV_USE_EPOLL\*(C'\fR must also be enabled). If undefined, it will be
4881enabled on linux, otherwise disabled.
4882.IP "\s-1EV_USE_IOURING\s0" 4
4883.IX Item "EV_USE_IOURING"
4821If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the Linux 4884If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the Linux
4822aio backend. Due to it's currenbt limitations it has to be requested 4885io_uring backend (\f(CW\*(C`EV_USE_EPOLL\*(C'\fR must also be enabled). Due to it's
4823explicitly. If undefined, it will be enabled on linux, otherwise 4886current limitations it has to be requested explicitly. If undefined, it
4824disabled. 4887will be enabled on linux, otherwise disabled.
4825.IP "\s-1EV_USE_KQUEUE\s0" 4 4888.IP "\s-1EV_USE_KQUEUE\s0" 4
4826.IX Item "EV_USE_KQUEUE" 4889.IX Item "EV_USE_KQUEUE"
4827If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the \s-1BSD\s0 style 4890If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the \s-1BSD\s0 style
4828\&\f(CW\*(C`kqueue\*(C'\fR(2) backend. Its actual availability will be detected at runtime, 4891\&\f(CW\*(C`kqueue\*(C'\fR(2) backend. Its actual availability will be detected at runtime,
4829otherwise another method will be used as fallback. This is the preferred 4892otherwise another method will be used as fallback. This is the preferred

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