1 | .\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 2.23 (Pod::Simple 3.14) |
1 | .\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 4.11 (Pod::Simple 3.35) |
2 | .\" |
2 | .\" |
3 | .\" Standard preamble: |
3 | .\" Standard preamble: |
4 | .\" ======================================================================== |
4 | .\" ======================================================================== |
5 | .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) |
5 | .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) |
6 | .if t .sp .5v |
6 | .if t .sp .5v |
… | |
… | |
36 | .el\{\ |
36 | .el\{\ |
37 | . ds -- \|\(em\| |
37 | . ds -- \|\(em\| |
38 | . ds PI \(*p |
38 | . ds PI \(*p |
39 | . ds L" `` |
39 | . ds L" `` |
40 | . ds R" '' |
40 | . ds R" '' |
|
|
41 | . ds C` |
|
|
42 | . ds C' |
41 | 'br\} |
43 | 'br\} |
42 | .\" |
44 | .\" |
43 | .\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform. |
45 | .\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform. |
44 | .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq |
46 | .ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq |
45 | .el .ds Aq ' |
47 | .el .ds Aq ' |
46 | .\" |
48 | .\" |
47 | .\" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for |
49 | .\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for |
48 | .\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index |
50 | .\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index |
49 | .\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the |
51 | .\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the |
50 | .\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. |
52 | .\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. |
51 | .ie \nF \{\ |
53 | .\" |
|
|
54 | .\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'. |
52 | . de IX |
55 | .de IX |
53 | . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" |
|
|
54 | .. |
56 | .. |
55 | . nr % 0 |
57 | .nr rF 0 |
56 | . rr F |
58 | .if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1 |
|
|
59 | .if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\ |
|
|
60 | . if \nF \{\ |
|
|
61 | . de IX |
|
|
62 | . tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2" |
|
|
63 | .. |
|
|
64 | . if !\nF==2 \{\ |
|
|
65 | . nr % 0 |
|
|
66 | . nr F 2 |
|
|
67 | . \} |
|
|
68 | . \} |
57 | .\} |
69 | .\} |
58 | .el \{\ |
70 | .rr rF |
59 | . de IX |
|
|
60 | .. |
|
|
61 | .\} |
|
|
62 | .\" |
71 | .\" |
63 | .\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2). |
72 | .\" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2). |
64 | .\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts. |
73 | .\" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts. |
65 | . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff |
74 | . \" fudge factors for nroff and troff |
66 | .if n \{\ |
75 | .if n \{\ |
… | |
… | |
122 | .\} |
131 | .\} |
123 | .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C |
132 | .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C |
124 | .\" ======================================================================== |
133 | .\" ======================================================================== |
125 | .\" |
134 | .\" |
126 | .IX Title "LIBEV 3" |
135 | .IX Title "LIBEV 3" |
127 | .TH LIBEV 3 "2012-02-04" "libev-4.11" "libev - high performance full featured event loop" |
136 | .TH LIBEV 3 "2019-06-20" "libev-4.25" "libev - high performance full featured event loop" |
128 | .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes |
137 | .\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes |
129 | .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. |
138 | .\" way too many mistakes in technical documents. |
130 | .if n .ad l |
139 | .if n .ad l |
131 | .nh |
140 | .nh |
132 | .SH "NAME" |
141 | .SH "NAME" |
… | |
… | |
134 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
143 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
135 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" |
144 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" |
136 | .Vb 1 |
145 | .Vb 1 |
137 | \& #include <ev.h> |
146 | \& #include <ev.h> |
138 | .Ve |
147 | .Ve |
139 | .SS "\s-1EXAMPLE\s0 \s-1PROGRAM\s0" |
148 | .SS "\s-1EXAMPLE PROGRAM\s0" |
140 | .IX Subsection "EXAMPLE PROGRAM" |
149 | .IX Subsection "EXAMPLE PROGRAM" |
141 | .Vb 2 |
150 | .Vb 2 |
142 | \& // a single header file is required |
151 | \& // a single header file is required |
143 | \& #include <ev.h> |
152 | \& #include <ev.h> |
144 | \& |
153 | \& |
… | |
… | |
212 | throughout this document. |
221 | throughout this document. |
213 | .SH "WHAT TO READ WHEN IN A HURRY" |
222 | .SH "WHAT TO READ WHEN IN A HURRY" |
214 | .IX Header "WHAT TO READ WHEN IN A HURRY" |
223 | .IX Header "WHAT TO READ WHEN IN A HURRY" |
215 | This manual tries to be very detailed, but unfortunately, this also makes |
224 | This manual tries to be very detailed, but unfortunately, this also makes |
216 | it very long. If you just want to know the basics of libev, I suggest |
225 | it very long. If you just want to know the basics of libev, I suggest |
217 | reading \*(L"\s-1ANATOMY\s0 \s-1OF\s0 A \s-1WATCHER\s0\*(R", then the \*(L"\s-1EXAMPLE\s0 \s-1PROGRAM\s0\*(R" above and |
226 | reading \*(L"\s-1ANATOMY OF A WATCHER\*(R"\s0, then the \*(L"\s-1EXAMPLE PROGRAM\*(R"\s0 above and |
218 | look up the missing functions in \*(L"\s-1GLOBAL\s0 \s-1FUNCTIONS\s0\*(R" and the \f(CW\*(C`ev_io\*(C'\fR and |
227 | look up the missing functions in \*(L"\s-1GLOBAL FUNCTIONS\*(R"\s0 and the \f(CW\*(C`ev_io\*(C'\fR and |
219 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR sections in \*(L"\s-1WATCHER\s0 \s-1TYPES\s0\*(R". |
228 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR sections in \*(L"\s-1WATCHER TYPES\*(R"\s0. |
220 | .SH "ABOUT LIBEV" |
229 | .SH "ABOUT LIBEV" |
221 | .IX Header "ABOUT LIBEV" |
230 | .IX Header "ABOUT LIBEV" |
222 | Libev is an event loop: you register interest in certain events (such as a |
231 | Libev is an event loop: you register interest in certain events (such as a |
223 | file descriptor being readable or a timeout occurring), and it will manage |
232 | file descriptor being readable or a timeout occurring), and it will manage |
224 | these event sources and provide your program with events. |
233 | these event sources and provide your program with events. |
… | |
… | |
255 | more info about various configuration options please have a look at |
264 | more info about various configuration options please have a look at |
256 | \&\fB\s-1EMBED\s0\fR section in this manual. If libev was configured without support |
265 | \&\fB\s-1EMBED\s0\fR section in this manual. If libev was configured without support |
257 | for multiple event loops, then all functions taking an initial argument of |
266 | for multiple event loops, then all functions taking an initial argument of |
258 | name \f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR (which is always of type \f(CW\*(C`struct ev_loop *\*(C'\fR) will not have |
267 | name \f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR (which is always of type \f(CW\*(C`struct ev_loop *\*(C'\fR) will not have |
259 | this argument. |
268 | this argument. |
260 | .SS "\s-1TIME\s0 \s-1REPRESENTATION\s0" |
269 | .SS "\s-1TIME REPRESENTATION\s0" |
261 | .IX Subsection "TIME REPRESENTATION" |
270 | .IX Subsection "TIME REPRESENTATION" |
262 | Libev represents time as a single floating point number, representing |
271 | Libev represents time as a single floating point number, representing |
263 | the (fractional) number of seconds since the (\s-1POSIX\s0) epoch (in practice |
272 | the (fractional) number of seconds since the (\s-1POSIX\s0) epoch (in practice |
264 | somewhere near the beginning of 1970, details are complicated, don't |
273 | somewhere near the beginning of 1970, details are complicated, don't |
265 | ask). This type is called \f(CW\*(C`ev_tstamp\*(C'\fR, which is what you should use |
274 | ask). This type is called \f(CW\*(C`ev_tstamp\*(C'\fR, which is what you should use |
… | |
… | |
367 | current system. To find which embeddable backends might be supported on |
376 | current system. To find which embeddable backends might be supported on |
368 | the current system, you would need to look at \f(CW\*(C`ev_embeddable_backends () |
377 | the current system, you would need to look at \f(CW\*(C`ev_embeddable_backends () |
369 | & ev_supported_backends ()\*(C'\fR, likewise for recommended ones. |
378 | & ev_supported_backends ()\*(C'\fR, likewise for recommended ones. |
370 | .Sp |
379 | .Sp |
371 | See the description of \f(CW\*(C`ev_embed\*(C'\fR watchers for more info. |
380 | See the description of \f(CW\*(C`ev_embed\*(C'\fR watchers for more info. |
372 | .IP "ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size))" 4 |
381 | .IP "ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size) throw ())" 4 |
373 | .IX Item "ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size))" |
382 | .IX Item "ev_set_allocator (void *(*cb)(void *ptr, long size) throw ())" |
374 | Sets the allocation function to use (the prototype is similar \- the |
383 | Sets the allocation function to use (the prototype is similar \- the |
375 | semantics are identical to the \f(CW\*(C`realloc\*(C'\fR C89/SuS/POSIX function). It is |
384 | semantics are identical to the \f(CW\*(C`realloc\*(C'\fR C89/SuS/POSIX function). It is |
376 | used to allocate and free memory (no surprises here). If it returns zero |
385 | used to allocate and free memory (no surprises here). If it returns zero |
377 | when memory needs to be allocated (\f(CW\*(C`size != 0\*(C'\fR), the library might abort |
386 | when memory needs to be allocated (\f(CW\*(C`size != 0\*(C'\fR), the library might abort |
378 | or take some potentially destructive action. |
387 | or take some potentially destructive action. |
… | |
… | |
383 | .Sp |
392 | .Sp |
384 | You could override this function in high-availability programs to, say, |
393 | You could override this function in high-availability programs to, say, |
385 | free some memory if it cannot allocate memory, to use a special allocator, |
394 | free some memory if it cannot allocate memory, to use a special allocator, |
386 | or even to sleep a while and retry until some memory is available. |
395 | or even to sleep a while and retry until some memory is available. |
387 | .Sp |
396 | .Sp |
|
|
397 | Example: The following is the \f(CW\*(C`realloc\*(C'\fR function that libev itself uses |
|
|
398 | which should work with \f(CW\*(C`realloc\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`free\*(C'\fR functions of all kinds and |
|
|
399 | is probably a good basis for your own implementation. |
|
|
400 | .Sp |
|
|
401 | .Vb 5 |
|
|
402 | \& static void * |
|
|
403 | \& ev_realloc_emul (void *ptr, long size) EV_NOEXCEPT |
|
|
404 | \& { |
|
|
405 | \& if (size) |
|
|
406 | \& return realloc (ptr, size); |
|
|
407 | \& |
|
|
408 | \& free (ptr); |
|
|
409 | \& return 0; |
|
|
410 | \& } |
|
|
411 | .Ve |
|
|
412 | .Sp |
388 | Example: Replace the libev allocator with one that waits a bit and then |
413 | Example: Replace the libev allocator with one that waits a bit and then |
389 | retries (example requires a standards-compliant \f(CW\*(C`realloc\*(C'\fR). |
414 | retries. |
390 | .Sp |
415 | .Sp |
391 | .Vb 6 |
416 | .Vb 8 |
392 | \& static void * |
417 | \& static void * |
393 | \& persistent_realloc (void *ptr, size_t size) |
418 | \& persistent_realloc (void *ptr, size_t size) |
394 | \& { |
419 | \& { |
|
|
420 | \& if (!size) |
|
|
421 | \& { |
|
|
422 | \& free (ptr); |
|
|
423 | \& return 0; |
|
|
424 | \& } |
|
|
425 | \& |
395 | \& for (;;) |
426 | \& for (;;) |
396 | \& { |
427 | \& { |
397 | \& void *newptr = realloc (ptr, size); |
428 | \& void *newptr = realloc (ptr, size); |
398 | \& |
429 | \& |
399 | \& if (newptr) |
430 | \& if (newptr) |
… | |
… | |
404 | \& } |
435 | \& } |
405 | \& |
436 | \& |
406 | \& ... |
437 | \& ... |
407 | \& ev_set_allocator (persistent_realloc); |
438 | \& ev_set_allocator (persistent_realloc); |
408 | .Ve |
439 | .Ve |
409 | .IP "ev_set_syserr_cb (void (*cb)(const char *msg))" 4 |
440 | .IP "ev_set_syserr_cb (void (*cb)(const char *msg) throw ())" 4 |
410 | .IX Item "ev_set_syserr_cb (void (*cb)(const char *msg))" |
441 | .IX Item "ev_set_syserr_cb (void (*cb)(const char *msg) throw ())" |
411 | Set the callback function to call on a retryable system call error (such |
442 | Set the callback function to call on a retryable system call error (such |
412 | as failed select, poll, epoll_wait). The message is a printable string |
443 | as failed select, poll, epoll_wait). The message is a printable string |
413 | indicating the system call or subsystem causing the problem. If this |
444 | indicating the system call or subsystem causing the problem. If this |
414 | callback is set, then libev will expect it to remedy the situation, no |
445 | callback is set, then libev will expect it to remedy the situation, no |
415 | matter what, when it returns. That is, libev will generally retry the |
446 | matter what, when it returns. That is, libev will generally retry the |
… | |
… | |
514 | .IX Item "EVFLAG_NOENV" |
545 | .IX Item "EVFLAG_NOENV" |
515 | If this flag bit is or'ed into the flag value (or the program runs setuid |
546 | If this flag bit is or'ed into the flag value (or the program runs setuid |
516 | or setgid) then libev will \fInot\fR look at the environment variable |
547 | or setgid) then libev will \fInot\fR look at the environment variable |
517 | \&\f(CW\*(C`LIBEV_FLAGS\*(C'\fR. Otherwise (the default), this environment variable will |
548 | \&\f(CW\*(C`LIBEV_FLAGS\*(C'\fR. Otherwise (the default), this environment variable will |
518 | override the flags completely if it is found in the environment. This is |
549 | override the flags completely if it is found in the environment. This is |
519 | useful to try out specific backends to test their performance, or to work |
550 | useful to try out specific backends to test their performance, to work |
520 | around bugs. |
551 | around bugs, or to make libev threadsafe (accessing environment variables |
|
|
552 | cannot be done in a threadsafe way, but usually it works if no other |
|
|
553 | thread modifies them). |
521 | .ie n .IP """EVFLAG_FORKCHECK""" 4 |
554 | .ie n .IP """EVFLAG_FORKCHECK""" 4 |
522 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVFLAG_FORKCHECK\fR" 4 |
555 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVFLAG_FORKCHECK\fR" 4 |
523 | .IX Item "EVFLAG_FORKCHECK" |
556 | .IX Item "EVFLAG_FORKCHECK" |
524 | Instead of calling \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_fork\*(C'\fR manually after a fork, you can also |
557 | Instead of calling \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_fork\*(C'\fR manually after a fork, you can also |
525 | make libev check for a fork in each iteration by enabling this flag. |
558 | make libev check for a fork in each iteration by enabling this flag. |
526 | .Sp |
559 | .Sp |
527 | This works by calling \f(CW\*(C`getpid ()\*(C'\fR on every iteration of the loop, |
560 | This works by calling \f(CW\*(C`getpid ()\*(C'\fR on every iteration of the loop, |
528 | and thus this might slow down your event loop if you do a lot of loop |
561 | and thus this might slow down your event loop if you do a lot of loop |
529 | iterations and little real work, but is usually not noticeable (on my |
562 | iterations and little real work, but is usually not noticeable (on my |
530 | GNU/Linux system for example, \f(CW\*(C`getpid\*(C'\fR is actually a simple 5\-insn sequence |
563 | GNU/Linux system for example, \f(CW\*(C`getpid\*(C'\fR is actually a simple 5\-insn |
531 | without a system call and thus \fIvery\fR fast, but my GNU/Linux system also has |
564 | sequence without a system call and thus \fIvery\fR fast, but my GNU/Linux |
532 | \&\f(CW\*(C`pthread_atfork\*(C'\fR which is even faster). |
565 | system also has \f(CW\*(C`pthread_atfork\*(C'\fR which is even faster). (Update: glibc |
|
|
566 | versions 2.25 apparently removed the \f(CW\*(C`getpid\*(C'\fR optimisation again). |
533 | .Sp |
567 | .Sp |
534 | The big advantage of this flag is that you can forget about fork (and |
568 | The big advantage of this flag is that you can forget about fork (and |
535 | forget about forgetting to tell libev about forking) when you use this |
569 | forget about forgetting to tell libev about forking, although you still |
536 | flag. |
570 | have to ignore \f(CW\*(C`SIGPIPE\*(C'\fR) when you use this flag. |
537 | .Sp |
571 | .Sp |
538 | This flag setting cannot be overridden or specified in the \f(CW\*(C`LIBEV_FLAGS\*(C'\fR |
572 | This flag setting cannot be overridden or specified in the \f(CW\*(C`LIBEV_FLAGS\*(C'\fR |
539 | environment variable. |
573 | environment variable. |
540 | .ie n .IP """EVFLAG_NOINOTIFY""" 4 |
574 | .ie n .IP """EVFLAG_NOINOTIFY""" 4 |
541 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVFLAG_NOINOTIFY\fR" 4 |
575 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVFLAG_NOINOTIFY\fR" 4 |
… | |
… | |
572 | \&\f(CW\*(C`sigprocmask\*(C'\fR, whose behaviour is officially unspecified. |
606 | \&\f(CW\*(C`sigprocmask\*(C'\fR, whose behaviour is officially unspecified. |
573 | .Sp |
607 | .Sp |
574 | This flag's behaviour will become the default in future versions of libev. |
608 | This flag's behaviour will become the default in future versions of libev. |
575 | .ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_SELECT"" (value 1, portable select backend)" 4 |
609 | .ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_SELECT"" (value 1, portable select backend)" 4 |
576 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVBACKEND_SELECT\fR (value 1, portable select backend)" 4 |
610 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVBACKEND_SELECT\fR (value 1, portable select backend)" 4 |
577 | .IX Item "EVBACKEND_SELECT (value 1, portable select backend)" |
611 | .IX Item "EVBACKEND_SELECT (value 1, portable select backend)" |
578 | This is your standard \fIselect\fR\|(2) backend. Not \fIcompletely\fR standard, as |
612 | This is your standard \fBselect\fR\|(2) backend. Not \fIcompletely\fR standard, as |
579 | libev tries to roll its own fd_set with no limits on the number of fds, |
613 | libev tries to roll its own fd_set with no limits on the number of fds, |
580 | but if that fails, expect a fairly low limit on the number of fds when |
614 | but if that fails, expect a fairly low limit on the number of fds when |
581 | using this backend. It doesn't scale too well (O(highest_fd)), but its |
615 | using this backend. It doesn't scale too well (O(highest_fd)), but its |
582 | usually the fastest backend for a low number of (low-numbered :) fds. |
616 | usually the fastest backend for a low number of (low-numbered :) fds. |
583 | .Sp |
617 | .Sp |
… | |
… | |
591 | This backend maps \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR to the \f(CW\*(C`readfds\*(C'\fR set and \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR to the |
625 | This backend maps \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR to the \f(CW\*(C`readfds\*(C'\fR set and \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR to the |
592 | \&\f(CW\*(C`writefds\*(C'\fR set (and to work around Microsoft Windows bugs, also onto the |
626 | \&\f(CW\*(C`writefds\*(C'\fR set (and to work around Microsoft Windows bugs, also onto the |
593 | \&\f(CW\*(C`exceptfds\*(C'\fR set on that platform). |
627 | \&\f(CW\*(C`exceptfds\*(C'\fR set on that platform). |
594 | .ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_POLL"" (value 2, poll backend, available everywhere except on windows)" 4 |
628 | .ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_POLL"" (value 2, poll backend, available everywhere except on windows)" 4 |
595 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVBACKEND_POLL\fR (value 2, poll backend, available everywhere except on windows)" 4 |
629 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVBACKEND_POLL\fR (value 2, poll backend, available everywhere except on windows)" 4 |
596 | .IX Item "EVBACKEND_POLL (value 2, poll backend, available everywhere except on windows)" |
630 | .IX Item "EVBACKEND_POLL (value 2, poll backend, available everywhere except on windows)" |
597 | And this is your standard \fIpoll\fR\|(2) backend. It's more complicated |
631 | And this is your standard \fBpoll\fR\|(2) backend. It's more complicated |
598 | than select, but handles sparse fds better and has no artificial |
632 | than select, but handles sparse fds better and has no artificial |
599 | limit on the number of fds you can use (except it will slow down |
633 | limit on the number of fds you can use (except it will slow down |
600 | considerably with a lot of inactive fds). It scales similarly to select, |
634 | considerably with a lot of inactive fds). It scales similarly to select, |
601 | i.e. O(total_fds). See the entry for \f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_SELECT\*(C'\fR, above, for |
635 | i.e. O(total_fds). See the entry for \f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_SELECT\*(C'\fR, above, for |
602 | performance tips. |
636 | performance tips. |
603 | .Sp |
637 | .Sp |
604 | This backend maps \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR to \f(CW\*(C`POLLIN | POLLERR | POLLHUP\*(C'\fR, and |
638 | This backend maps \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR to \f(CW\*(C`POLLIN | POLLERR | POLLHUP\*(C'\fR, and |
605 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR to \f(CW\*(C`POLLOUT | POLLERR | POLLHUP\*(C'\fR. |
639 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR to \f(CW\*(C`POLLOUT | POLLERR | POLLHUP\*(C'\fR. |
606 | .ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_EPOLL"" (value 4, Linux)" 4 |
640 | .ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_EPOLL"" (value 4, Linux)" 4 |
607 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVBACKEND_EPOLL\fR (value 4, Linux)" 4 |
641 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVBACKEND_EPOLL\fR (value 4, Linux)" 4 |
608 | .IX Item "EVBACKEND_EPOLL (value 4, Linux)" |
642 | .IX Item "EVBACKEND_EPOLL (value 4, Linux)" |
609 | Use the linux-specific \fIepoll\fR\|(7) interface (for both pre\- and post\-2.6.9 |
643 | Use the linux-specific \fBepoll\fR\|(7) interface (for both pre\- and post\-2.6.9 |
610 | kernels). |
644 | kernels). |
611 | .Sp |
645 | .Sp |
612 | For few fds, this backend is a bit little slower than poll and select, but |
646 | For few fds, this backend is a bit little slower than poll and select, but |
613 | it scales phenomenally better. While poll and select usually scale like |
647 | it scales phenomenally better. While poll and select usually scale like |
614 | O(total_fds) where total_fds is the total number of fds (or the highest |
648 | O(total_fds) where total_fds is the total number of fds (or the highest |
… | |
… | |
666 | .Sp |
700 | .Sp |
667 | This backend maps \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR in the same way as |
701 | This backend maps \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR in the same way as |
668 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_POLL\*(C'\fR. |
702 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_POLL\*(C'\fR. |
669 | .ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_KQUEUE"" (value 8, most \s-1BSD\s0 clones)" 4 |
703 | .ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_KQUEUE"" (value 8, most \s-1BSD\s0 clones)" 4 |
670 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVBACKEND_KQUEUE\fR (value 8, most \s-1BSD\s0 clones)" 4 |
704 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVBACKEND_KQUEUE\fR (value 8, most \s-1BSD\s0 clones)" 4 |
671 | .IX Item "EVBACKEND_KQUEUE (value 8, most BSD clones)" |
705 | .IX Item "EVBACKEND_KQUEUE (value 8, most BSD clones)" |
672 | Kqueue deserves special mention, as at the time of this writing, it |
706 | Kqueue deserves special mention, as at the time of this writing, it |
673 | was broken on all BSDs except NetBSD (usually it doesn't work reliably |
707 | was broken on all BSDs except NetBSD (usually it doesn't work reliably |
674 | with anything but sockets and pipes, except on Darwin, where of course |
708 | with anything but sockets and pipes, except on Darwin, where of course |
675 | it's completely useless). Unlike epoll, however, whose brokenness |
709 | it's completely useless). Unlike epoll, however, whose brokenness |
676 | is by design, these kqueue bugs can (and eventually will) be fixed |
710 | is by design, these kqueue bugs can (and eventually will) be fixed |
… | |
… | |
685 | .Sp |
719 | .Sp |
686 | It scales in the same way as the epoll backend, but the interface to the |
720 | It scales in the same way as the epoll backend, but the interface to the |
687 | kernel is more efficient (which says nothing about its actual speed, of |
721 | kernel is more efficient (which says nothing about its actual speed, of |
688 | course). While stopping, setting and starting an I/O watcher does never |
722 | course). While stopping, setting and starting an I/O watcher does never |
689 | cause an extra system call as with \f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_EPOLL\*(C'\fR, it still adds up to |
723 | cause an extra system call as with \f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_EPOLL\*(C'\fR, it still adds up to |
690 | two event changes per incident. Support for \f(CW\*(C`fork ()\*(C'\fR is very bad (but |
724 | two event changes per incident. Support for \f(CW\*(C`fork ()\*(C'\fR is very bad (you |
691 | sane, unlike epoll) and it drops fds silently in similarly hard-to-detect |
725 | might have to leak fd's on fork, but it's more sane than epoll) and it |
692 | cases |
726 | drops fds silently in similarly hard-to-detect cases. |
693 | .Sp |
727 | .Sp |
694 | This backend usually performs well under most conditions. |
728 | This backend usually performs well under most conditions. |
695 | .Sp |
729 | .Sp |
696 | While nominally embeddable in other event loops, this doesn't work |
730 | While nominally embeddable in other event loops, this doesn't work |
697 | everywhere, so you might need to test for this. And since it is broken |
731 | everywhere, so you might need to test for this. And since it is broken |
698 | almost everywhere, you should only use it when you have a lot of sockets |
732 | almost everywhere, you should only use it when you have a lot of sockets |
699 | (for which it usually works), by embedding it into another event loop |
733 | (for which it usually works), by embedding it into another event loop |
700 | (e.g. \f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_SELECT\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_POLL\*(C'\fR (but \f(CW\*(C`poll\*(C'\fR is of course |
734 | (e.g. \f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_SELECT\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`EVBACKEND_POLL\*(C'\fR (but \f(CW\*(C`poll\*(C'\fR is of course |
701 | also broken on \s-1OS\s0 X)) and, did I mention it, using it only for sockets. |
735 | also broken on \s-1OS X\s0)) and, did I mention it, using it only for sockets. |
702 | .Sp |
736 | .Sp |
703 | This backend maps \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR into an \f(CW\*(C`EVFILT_READ\*(C'\fR kevent with |
737 | This backend maps \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR into an \f(CW\*(C`EVFILT_READ\*(C'\fR kevent with |
704 | \&\f(CW\*(C`NOTE_EOF\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR into an \f(CW\*(C`EVFILT_WRITE\*(C'\fR kevent with |
738 | \&\f(CW\*(C`NOTE_EOF\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR into an \f(CW\*(C`EVFILT_WRITE\*(C'\fR kevent with |
705 | \&\f(CW\*(C`NOTE_EOF\*(C'\fR. |
739 | \&\f(CW\*(C`NOTE_EOF\*(C'\fR. |
706 | .ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_DEVPOLL"" (value 16, Solaris 8)" 4 |
740 | .ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_DEVPOLL"" (value 16, Solaris 8)" 4 |
… | |
… | |
710 | implementation). According to reports, \f(CW\*(C`/dev/poll\*(C'\fR only supports sockets |
744 | implementation). According to reports, \f(CW\*(C`/dev/poll\*(C'\fR only supports sockets |
711 | and is not embeddable, which would limit the usefulness of this backend |
745 | and is not embeddable, which would limit the usefulness of this backend |
712 | immensely. |
746 | immensely. |
713 | .ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_PORT"" (value 32, Solaris 10)" 4 |
747 | .ie n .IP """EVBACKEND_PORT"" (value 32, Solaris 10)" 4 |
714 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVBACKEND_PORT\fR (value 32, Solaris 10)" 4 |
748 | .el .IP "\f(CWEVBACKEND_PORT\fR (value 32, Solaris 10)" 4 |
715 | .IX Item "EVBACKEND_PORT (value 32, Solaris 10)" |
749 | .IX Item "EVBACKEND_PORT (value 32, Solaris 10)" |
716 | This uses the Solaris 10 event port mechanism. As with everything on Solaris, |
750 | This uses the Solaris 10 event port mechanism. As with everything on Solaris, |
717 | it's really slow, but it still scales very well (O(active_fds)). |
751 | it's really slow, but it still scales very well (O(active_fds)). |
718 | .Sp |
752 | .Sp |
719 | While this backend scales well, it requires one system call per active |
753 | While this backend scales well, it requires one system call per active |
720 | file descriptor per loop iteration. For small and medium numbers of file |
754 | file descriptor per loop iteration. For small and medium numbers of file |
… | |
… | |
799 | except in the rare occasion where you really need to free its resources. |
833 | except in the rare occasion where you really need to free its resources. |
800 | If you need dynamically allocated loops it is better to use \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_new\*(C'\fR |
834 | If you need dynamically allocated loops it is better to use \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_new\*(C'\fR |
801 | and \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_destroy\*(C'\fR. |
835 | and \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_destroy\*(C'\fR. |
802 | .IP "ev_loop_fork (loop)" 4 |
836 | .IP "ev_loop_fork (loop)" 4 |
803 | .IX Item "ev_loop_fork (loop)" |
837 | .IX Item "ev_loop_fork (loop)" |
804 | This function sets a flag that causes subsequent \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR iterations to |
838 | This function sets a flag that causes subsequent \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR iterations |
805 | reinitialise the kernel state for backends that have one. Despite the |
839 | to reinitialise the kernel state for backends that have one. Despite |
806 | name, you can call it anytime, but it makes most sense after forking, in |
840 | the name, you can call it anytime you are allowed to start or stop |
807 | the child process. You \fImust\fR call it (or use \f(CW\*(C`EVFLAG_FORKCHECK\*(C'\fR) in the |
841 | watchers (except inside an \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR callback), but it makes most |
808 | child before resuming or calling \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR. |
842 | sense after forking, in the child process. You \fImust\fR call it (or use |
|
|
843 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EVFLAG_FORKCHECK\*(C'\fR) in the child before resuming or calling \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR. |
809 | .Sp |
844 | .Sp |
|
|
845 | In addition, if you want to reuse a loop (via this function or |
|
|
846 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EVFLAG_FORKCHECK\*(C'\fR), you \fIalso\fR have to ignore \f(CW\*(C`SIGPIPE\*(C'\fR. |
|
|
847 | .Sp |
810 | Again, you \fIhave\fR to call it on \fIany\fR loop that you want to re-use after |
848 | Again, you \fIhave\fR to call it on \fIany\fR loop that you want to re-use after |
811 | a fork, \fIeven if you do not plan to use the loop in the parent\fR. This is |
849 | a fork, \fIeven if you do not plan to use the loop in the parent\fR. This is |
812 | because some kernel interfaces *cough* \fIkqueue\fR *cough* do funny things |
850 | because some kernel interfaces *cough* \fIkqueue\fR *cough* do funny things |
813 | during fork. |
851 | during fork. |
814 | .Sp |
852 | .Sp |
815 | On the other hand, you only need to call this function in the child |
853 | On the other hand, you only need to call this function in the child |
… | |
… | |
909 | given loop other than \f(CW\*(C`ev_resume\*(C'\fR, and you \fBmust not\fR call \f(CW\*(C`ev_resume\*(C'\fR |
947 | given loop other than \f(CW\*(C`ev_resume\*(C'\fR, and you \fBmust not\fR call \f(CW\*(C`ev_resume\*(C'\fR |
910 | without a previous call to \f(CW\*(C`ev_suspend\*(C'\fR. |
948 | without a previous call to \f(CW\*(C`ev_suspend\*(C'\fR. |
911 | .Sp |
949 | .Sp |
912 | Calling \f(CW\*(C`ev_suspend\*(C'\fR/\f(CW\*(C`ev_resume\*(C'\fR has the side effect of updating the |
950 | Calling \f(CW\*(C`ev_suspend\*(C'\fR/\f(CW\*(C`ev_resume\*(C'\fR has the side effect of updating the |
913 | event loop time (see \f(CW\*(C`ev_now_update\*(C'\fR). |
951 | event loop time (see \f(CW\*(C`ev_now_update\*(C'\fR). |
914 | .IP "ev_run (loop, int flags)" 4 |
952 | .IP "bool ev_run (loop, int flags)" 4 |
915 | .IX Item "ev_run (loop, int flags)" |
953 | .IX Item "bool ev_run (loop, int flags)" |
916 | Finally, this is it, the event handler. This function usually is called |
954 | Finally, this is it, the event handler. This function usually is called |
917 | after you have initialised all your watchers and you want to start |
955 | after you have initialised all your watchers and you want to start |
918 | handling events. It will ask the operating system for any new events, call |
956 | handling events. It will ask the operating system for any new events, call |
919 | the watcher callbacks, an then repeat the whole process indefinitely: This |
957 | the watcher callbacks, and then repeat the whole process indefinitely: This |
920 | is why event loops are called \fIloops\fR. |
958 | is why event loops are called \fIloops\fR. |
921 | .Sp |
959 | .Sp |
922 | If the flags argument is specified as \f(CW0\fR, it will keep handling events |
960 | If the flags argument is specified as \f(CW0\fR, it will keep handling events |
923 | until either no event watchers are active anymore or \f(CW\*(C`ev_break\*(C'\fR was |
961 | until either no event watchers are active anymore or \f(CW\*(C`ev_break\*(C'\fR was |
924 | called. |
962 | called. |
|
|
963 | .Sp |
|
|
964 | The return value is false if there are no more active watchers (which |
|
|
965 | usually means \*(L"all jobs done\*(R" or \*(L"deadlock\*(R"), and true in all other cases |
|
|
966 | (which usually means " you should call \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR again"). |
925 | .Sp |
967 | .Sp |
926 | Please note that an explicit \f(CW\*(C`ev_break\*(C'\fR is usually better than |
968 | Please note that an explicit \f(CW\*(C`ev_break\*(C'\fR is usually better than |
927 | relying on all watchers to be stopped when deciding when a program has |
969 | relying on all watchers to be stopped when deciding when a program has |
928 | finished (especially in interactive programs), but having a program |
970 | finished (especially in interactive programs), but having a program |
929 | that automatically loops as long as it has to and no longer by virtue |
971 | that automatically loops as long as it has to and no longer by virtue |
930 | of relying on its watchers stopping correctly, that is truly a thing of |
972 | of relying on its watchers stopping correctly, that is truly a thing of |
931 | beauty. |
973 | beauty. |
932 | .Sp |
974 | .Sp |
933 | This function is also \fImostly\fR exception-safe \- you can break out of |
975 | This function is \fImostly\fR exception-safe \- you can break out of a |
934 | a \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR call by calling \f(CW\*(C`longjmp\*(C'\fR in a callback, throwing a \*(C+ |
976 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR call by calling \f(CW\*(C`longjmp\*(C'\fR in a callback, throwing a \*(C+ |
935 | exception and so on. This does not decrement the \f(CW\*(C`ev_depth\*(C'\fR value, nor |
977 | exception and so on. This does not decrement the \f(CW\*(C`ev_depth\*(C'\fR value, nor |
936 | will it clear any outstanding \f(CW\*(C`EVBREAK_ONE\*(C'\fR breaks. |
978 | will it clear any outstanding \f(CW\*(C`EVBREAK_ONE\*(C'\fR breaks. |
937 | .Sp |
979 | .Sp |
938 | A flags value of \f(CW\*(C`EVRUN_NOWAIT\*(C'\fR will look for new events, will handle |
980 | A flags value of \f(CW\*(C`EVRUN_NOWAIT\*(C'\fR will look for new events, will handle |
939 | those events and any already outstanding ones, but will not wait and |
981 | those events and any already outstanding ones, but will not wait and |
… | |
… | |
1136 | this callback instead. This is useful, for example, when you want to |
1178 | this callback instead. This is useful, for example, when you want to |
1137 | invoke the actual watchers inside another context (another thread etc.). |
1179 | invoke the actual watchers inside another context (another thread etc.). |
1138 | .Sp |
1180 | .Sp |
1139 | If you want to reset the callback, use \f(CW\*(C`ev_invoke_pending\*(C'\fR as new |
1181 | If you want to reset the callback, use \f(CW\*(C`ev_invoke_pending\*(C'\fR as new |
1140 | callback. |
1182 | callback. |
1141 | .IP "ev_set_loop_release_cb (loop, void (*release)(\s-1EV_P\s0), void (*acquire)(\s-1EV_P\s0))" 4 |
1183 | .IP "ev_set_loop_release_cb (loop, void (*release)(\s-1EV_P\s0) throw (), void (*acquire)(\s-1EV_P\s0) throw ())" 4 |
1142 | .IX Item "ev_set_loop_release_cb (loop, void (*release)(EV_P), void (*acquire)(EV_P))" |
1184 | .IX Item "ev_set_loop_release_cb (loop, void (*release)(EV_P) throw (), void (*acquire)(EV_P) throw ())" |
1143 | Sometimes you want to share the same loop between multiple threads. This |
1185 | Sometimes you want to share the same loop between multiple threads. This |
1144 | can be done relatively simply by putting mutex_lock/unlock calls around |
1186 | can be done relatively simply by putting mutex_lock/unlock calls around |
1145 | each call to a libev function. |
1187 | each call to a libev function. |
1146 | .Sp |
1188 | .Sp |
1147 | However, \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR can run an indefinite time, so it is not feasible |
1189 | However, \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR can run an indefinite time, so it is not feasible |
… | |
… | |
1295 | .PD 0 |
1337 | .PD 0 |
1296 | .ie n .IP """EV_CHECK""" 4 |
1338 | .ie n .IP """EV_CHECK""" 4 |
1297 | .el .IP "\f(CWEV_CHECK\fR" 4 |
1339 | .el .IP "\f(CWEV_CHECK\fR" 4 |
1298 | .IX Item "EV_CHECK" |
1340 | .IX Item "EV_CHECK" |
1299 | .PD |
1341 | .PD |
1300 | All \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR watchers are invoked just \fIbefore\fR \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR starts |
1342 | All \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR watchers are invoked just \fIbefore\fR \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR starts to |
1301 | to gather new events, and all \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers are invoked just after |
1343 | gather new events, and all \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers are queued (not invoked) |
1302 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR has gathered them, but before it invokes any callbacks for any |
1344 | just after \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR has gathered them, but before it queues any callbacks |
|
|
1345 | for any received events. That means \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR watchers are the last |
|
|
1346 | watchers invoked before the event loop sleeps or polls for new events, and |
|
|
1347 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers will be invoked before any other watchers of the same |
|
|
1348 | or lower priority within an event loop iteration. |
|
|
1349 | .Sp |
1303 | received events. Callbacks of both watcher types can start and stop as |
1350 | Callbacks of both watcher types can start and stop as many watchers as |
1304 | many watchers as they want, and all of them will be taken into account |
1351 | they want, and all of them will be taken into account (for example, a |
1305 | (for example, a \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR watcher might start an idle watcher to keep |
1352 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR watcher might start an idle watcher to keep \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR from |
1306 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR from blocking). |
1353 | blocking). |
1307 | .ie n .IP """EV_EMBED""" 4 |
1354 | .ie n .IP """EV_EMBED""" 4 |
1308 | .el .IP "\f(CWEV_EMBED\fR" 4 |
1355 | .el .IP "\f(CWEV_EMBED\fR" 4 |
1309 | .IX Item "EV_EMBED" |
1356 | .IX Item "EV_EMBED" |
1310 | The embedded event loop specified in the \f(CW\*(C`ev_embed\*(C'\fR watcher needs attention. |
1357 | The embedded event loop specified in the \f(CW\*(C`ev_embed\*(C'\fR watcher needs attention. |
1311 | .ie n .IP """EV_FORK""" 4 |
1358 | .ie n .IP """EV_FORK""" 4 |
… | |
… | |
1340 | bug in your program. |
1387 | bug in your program. |
1341 | .Sp |
1388 | .Sp |
1342 | Libev will usually signal a few \*(L"dummy\*(R" events together with an error, for |
1389 | Libev will usually signal a few \*(L"dummy\*(R" events together with an error, for |
1343 | example it might indicate that a fd is readable or writable, and if your |
1390 | example it might indicate that a fd is readable or writable, and if your |
1344 | callbacks is well-written it can just attempt the operation and cope with |
1391 | callbacks is well-written it can just attempt the operation and cope with |
1345 | the error from \fIread()\fR or \fIwrite()\fR. This will not work in multi-threaded |
1392 | the error from \fBread()\fR or \fBwrite()\fR. This will not work in multi-threaded |
1346 | programs, though, as the fd could already be closed and reused for another |
1393 | programs, though, as the fd could already be closed and reused for another |
1347 | thing, so beware. |
1394 | thing, so beware. |
1348 | .SS "\s-1GENERIC\s0 \s-1WATCHER\s0 \s-1FUNCTIONS\s0" |
1395 | .SS "\s-1GENERIC WATCHER FUNCTIONS\s0" |
1349 | .IX Subsection "GENERIC WATCHER FUNCTIONS" |
1396 | .IX Subsection "GENERIC WATCHER FUNCTIONS" |
1350 | .ie n .IP """ev_init"" (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" 4 |
1397 | .ie n .IP """ev_init"" (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" 4 |
1351 | .el .IP "\f(CWev_init\fR (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" 4 |
1398 | .el .IP "\f(CWev_init\fR (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" 4 |
1352 | .IX Item "ev_init (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" |
1399 | .IX Item "ev_init (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" |
1353 | This macro initialises the generic portion of a watcher. The contents |
1400 | This macro initialises the generic portion of a watcher. The contents |
… | |
… | |
1432 | make sure the watcher is available to libev (e.g. you cannot \f(CW\*(C`free ()\*(C'\fR |
1479 | make sure the watcher is available to libev (e.g. you cannot \f(CW\*(C`free ()\*(C'\fR |
1433 | it). |
1480 | it). |
1434 | .IP "callback ev_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4 |
1481 | .IP "callback ev_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher)" 4 |
1435 | .IX Item "callback ev_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher)" |
1482 | .IX Item "callback ev_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher)" |
1436 | Returns the callback currently set on the watcher. |
1483 | Returns the callback currently set on the watcher. |
1437 | .IP "ev_cb_set (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" 4 |
1484 | .IP "ev_set_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" 4 |
1438 | .IX Item "ev_cb_set (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" |
1485 | .IX Item "ev_set_cb (ev_TYPE *watcher, callback)" |
1439 | Change the callback. You can change the callback at virtually any time |
1486 | Change the callback. You can change the callback at virtually any time |
1440 | (modulo threads). |
1487 | (modulo threads). |
1441 | .IP "ev_set_priority (ev_TYPE *watcher, int priority)" 4 |
1488 | .IP "ev_set_priority (ev_TYPE *watcher, int priority)" 4 |
1442 | .IX Item "ev_set_priority (ev_TYPE *watcher, int priority)" |
1489 | .IX Item "ev_set_priority (ev_TYPE *watcher, int priority)" |
1443 | .PD 0 |
1490 | .PD 0 |
… | |
… | |
1461 | or might not have been clamped to the valid range. |
1508 | or might not have been clamped to the valid range. |
1462 | .Sp |
1509 | .Sp |
1463 | The default priority used by watchers when no priority has been set is |
1510 | The default priority used by watchers when no priority has been set is |
1464 | always \f(CW0\fR, which is supposed to not be too high and not be too low :). |
1511 | always \f(CW0\fR, which is supposed to not be too high and not be too low :). |
1465 | .Sp |
1512 | .Sp |
1466 | See \*(L"\s-1WATCHER\s0 \s-1PRIORITY\s0 \s-1MODELS\s0\*(R", below, for a more thorough treatment of |
1513 | See \*(L"\s-1WATCHER PRIORITY MODELS\*(R"\s0, below, for a more thorough treatment of |
1467 | priorities. |
1514 | priorities. |
1468 | .IP "ev_invoke (loop, ev_TYPE *watcher, int revents)" 4 |
1515 | .IP "ev_invoke (loop, ev_TYPE *watcher, int revents)" 4 |
1469 | .IX Item "ev_invoke (loop, ev_TYPE *watcher, int revents)" |
1516 | .IX Item "ev_invoke (loop, ev_TYPE *watcher, int revents)" |
1470 | Invoke the \f(CW\*(C`watcher\*(C'\fR with the given \f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`revents\*(C'\fR. Neither |
1517 | Invoke the \f(CW\*(C`watcher\*(C'\fR with the given \f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`revents\*(C'\fR. Neither |
1471 | \&\f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR nor \f(CW\*(C`revents\*(C'\fR need to be valid as long as the watcher callback |
1518 | \&\f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR nor \f(CW\*(C`revents\*(C'\fR need to be valid as long as the watcher callback |
… | |
… | |
1491 | not started in the first place. |
1538 | not started in the first place. |
1492 | .Sp |
1539 | .Sp |
1493 | See also \f(CW\*(C`ev_feed_fd_event\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev_feed_signal_event\*(C'\fR for related |
1540 | See also \f(CW\*(C`ev_feed_fd_event\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev_feed_signal_event\*(C'\fR for related |
1494 | functions that do not need a watcher. |
1541 | functions that do not need a watcher. |
1495 | .PP |
1542 | .PP |
1496 | See also the \*(L"\s-1ASSOCIATING\s0 \s-1CUSTOM\s0 \s-1DATA\s0 \s-1WITH\s0 A \s-1WATCHER\s0\*(R" and \*(L"\s-1BUILDING\s0 \s-1YOUR\s0 |
1543 | See also the \*(L"\s-1ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER\*(R"\s0 and \*(L"\s-1BUILDING YOUR |
1497 | \&\s-1OWN\s0 \s-1COMPOSITE\s0 \s-1WATCHERS\s0\*(R" idioms. |
1544 | OWN COMPOSITE WATCHERS\*(R"\s0 idioms. |
1498 | .SS "\s-1WATCHER\s0 \s-1STATES\s0" |
1545 | .SS "\s-1WATCHER STATES\s0" |
1499 | .IX Subsection "WATCHER STATES" |
1546 | .IX Subsection "WATCHER STATES" |
1500 | There are various watcher states mentioned throughout this manual \- |
1547 | There are various watcher states mentioned throughout this manual \- |
1501 | active, pending and so on. In this section these states and the rules to |
1548 | active, pending and so on. In this section these states and the rules to |
1502 | transition between them will be described in more detail \- and while these |
1549 | transition between them will be described in more detail \- and while these |
1503 | rules might look complicated, they usually do \*(L"the right thing\*(R". |
1550 | rules might look complicated, they usually do \*(L"the right thing\*(R". |
1504 | .IP "initialiased" 4 |
1551 | .IP "initialised" 4 |
1505 | .IX Item "initialiased" |
1552 | .IX Item "initialised" |
1506 | Before a watcher can be registered with the event loop it has to be |
1553 | Before a watcher can be registered with the event loop it has to be |
1507 | initialised. This can be done with a call to \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_init\*(C'\fR, or calls to |
1554 | initialised. This can be done with a call to \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_init\*(C'\fR, or calls to |
1508 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_init\*(C'\fR followed by the watcher-specific \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_set\*(C'\fR function. |
1555 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_init\*(C'\fR followed by the watcher-specific \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_set\*(C'\fR function. |
1509 | .Sp |
1556 | .Sp |
1510 | In this state it is simply some block of memory that is suitable for |
1557 | In this state it is simply some block of memory that is suitable for |
… | |
… | |
1546 | .Sp |
1593 | .Sp |
1547 | While stopped (and not pending) the watcher is essentially in the |
1594 | While stopped (and not pending) the watcher is essentially in the |
1548 | initialised state, that is, it can be reused, moved, modified in any way |
1595 | initialised state, that is, it can be reused, moved, modified in any way |
1549 | you wish (but when you trash the memory block, you need to \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_init\*(C'\fR |
1596 | you wish (but when you trash the memory block, you need to \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_init\*(C'\fR |
1550 | it again). |
1597 | it again). |
1551 | .SS "\s-1WATCHER\s0 \s-1PRIORITY\s0 \s-1MODELS\s0" |
1598 | .SS "\s-1WATCHER PRIORITY MODELS\s0" |
1552 | .IX Subsection "WATCHER PRIORITY MODELS" |
1599 | .IX Subsection "WATCHER PRIORITY MODELS" |
1553 | Many event loops support \fIwatcher priorities\fR, which are usually small |
1600 | Many event loops support \fIwatcher priorities\fR, which are usually small |
1554 | integers that influence the ordering of event callback invocation |
1601 | integers that influence the ordering of event callback invocation |
1555 | between watchers in some way, all else being equal. |
1602 | between watchers in some way, all else being equal. |
1556 | .PP |
1603 | .PP |
… | |
… | |
1754 | wish to read \- you would first have to request some data. |
1801 | wish to read \- you would first have to request some data. |
1755 | .PP |
1802 | .PP |
1756 | Since files are typically not-so-well supported by advanced notification |
1803 | Since files are typically not-so-well supported by advanced notification |
1757 | mechanism, libev tries hard to emulate \s-1POSIX\s0 behaviour with respect |
1804 | mechanism, libev tries hard to emulate \s-1POSIX\s0 behaviour with respect |
1758 | to files, even though you should not use it. The reason for this is |
1805 | to files, even though you should not use it. The reason for this is |
1759 | convenience: sometimes you want to watch \s-1STDIN\s0 or \s-1STDOUT\s0, which is |
1806 | convenience: sometimes you want to watch \s-1STDIN\s0 or \s-1STDOUT,\s0 which is |
1760 | usually a tty, often a pipe, but also sometimes files or special devices |
1807 | usually a tty, often a pipe, but also sometimes files or special devices |
1761 | (for example, \f(CW\*(C`epoll\*(C'\fR on Linux works with \fI/dev/random\fR but not with |
1808 | (for example, \f(CW\*(C`epoll\*(C'\fR on Linux works with \fI/dev/random\fR but not with |
1762 | \&\fI/dev/urandom\fR), and even though the file might better be served with |
1809 | \&\fI/dev/urandom\fR), and even though the file might better be served with |
1763 | asynchronous I/O instead of with non-blocking I/O, it is still useful when |
1810 | asynchronous I/O instead of with non-blocking I/O, it is still useful when |
1764 | it \*(L"just works\*(R" instead of freezing. |
1811 | it \*(L"just works\*(R" instead of freezing. |
1765 | .PP |
1812 | .PP |
1766 | So avoid file descriptors pointing to files when you know it (e.g. use |
1813 | So avoid file descriptors pointing to files when you know it (e.g. use |
1767 | libeio), but use them when it is convenient, e.g. for \s-1STDIN/STDOUT\s0, or |
1814 | libeio), but use them when it is convenient, e.g. for \s-1STDIN/STDOUT,\s0 or |
1768 | when you rarely read from a file instead of from a socket, and want to |
1815 | when you rarely read from a file instead of from a socket, and want to |
1769 | reuse the same code path. |
1816 | reuse the same code path. |
1770 | .PP |
1817 | .PP |
1771 | \fIThe special problem of fork\fR |
1818 | \fIThe special problem of fork\fR |
1772 | .IX Subsection "The special problem of fork" |
1819 | .IX Subsection "The special problem of fork" |
… | |
… | |
1782 | \fIThe special problem of \s-1SIGPIPE\s0\fR |
1829 | \fIThe special problem of \s-1SIGPIPE\s0\fR |
1783 | .IX Subsection "The special problem of SIGPIPE" |
1830 | .IX Subsection "The special problem of SIGPIPE" |
1784 | .PP |
1831 | .PP |
1785 | While not really specific to libev, it is easy to forget about \f(CW\*(C`SIGPIPE\*(C'\fR: |
1832 | While not really specific to libev, it is easy to forget about \f(CW\*(C`SIGPIPE\*(C'\fR: |
1786 | when writing to a pipe whose other end has been closed, your program gets |
1833 | when writing to a pipe whose other end has been closed, your program gets |
1787 | sent a \s-1SIGPIPE\s0, which, by default, aborts your program. For most programs |
1834 | sent a \s-1SIGPIPE,\s0 which, by default, aborts your program. For most programs |
1788 | this is sensible behaviour, for daemons, this is usually undesirable. |
1835 | this is sensible behaviour, for daemons, this is usually undesirable. |
1789 | .PP |
1836 | .PP |
1790 | So when you encounter spurious, unexplained daemon exits, make sure you |
1837 | So when you encounter spurious, unexplained daemon exits, make sure you |
1791 | ignore \s-1SIGPIPE\s0 (and maybe make sure you log the exit status of your daemon |
1838 | ignore \s-1SIGPIPE\s0 (and maybe make sure you log the exit status of your daemon |
1792 | somewhere, as that would have given you a big clue). |
1839 | somewhere, as that would have given you a big clue). |
1793 | .PP |
1840 | .PP |
1794 | \fIThe special problem of \fIaccept()\fIing when you can't\fR |
1841 | \fIThe special problem of \f(BIaccept()\fIing when you can't\fR |
1795 | .IX Subsection "The special problem of accept()ing when you can't" |
1842 | .IX Subsection "The special problem of accept()ing when you can't" |
1796 | .PP |
1843 | .PP |
1797 | Many implementations of the \s-1POSIX\s0 \f(CW\*(C`accept\*(C'\fR function (for example, |
1844 | Many implementations of the \s-1POSIX\s0 \f(CW\*(C`accept\*(C'\fR function (for example, |
1798 | found in post\-2004 Linux) have the peculiar behaviour of not removing a |
1845 | found in post\-2004 Linux) have the peculiar behaviour of not removing a |
1799 | connection from the pending queue in all error cases. |
1846 | connection from the pending queue in all error cases. |
… | |
… | |
1990 | \& callback (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents) |
2037 | \& callback (EV_P_ ev_timer *w, int revents) |
1991 | \& { |
2038 | \& { |
1992 | \& // calculate when the timeout would happen |
2039 | \& // calculate when the timeout would happen |
1993 | \& ev_tstamp after = last_activity \- ev_now (EV_A) + timeout; |
2040 | \& ev_tstamp after = last_activity \- ev_now (EV_A) + timeout; |
1994 | \& |
2041 | \& |
1995 | \& // if negative, it means we the timeout already occured |
2042 | \& // if negative, it means we the timeout already occurred |
1996 | \& if (after < 0.) |
2043 | \& if (after < 0.) |
1997 | \& { |
2044 | \& { |
1998 | \& // timeout occurred, take action |
2045 | \& // timeout occurred, take action |
1999 | \& } |
2046 | \& } |
2000 | \& else |
2047 | \& else |
… | |
… | |
2019 | .Sp |
2066 | .Sp |
2020 | Otherwise, we now the earliest time at which the timeout would trigger, |
2067 | Otherwise, we now the earliest time at which the timeout would trigger, |
2021 | and simply start the timer with this timeout value. |
2068 | and simply start the timer with this timeout value. |
2022 | .Sp |
2069 | .Sp |
2023 | In other words, each time the callback is invoked it will check whether |
2070 | In other words, each time the callback is invoked it will check whether |
2024 | the timeout cocured. If not, it will simply reschedule itself to check |
2071 | the timeout occurred. If not, it will simply reschedule itself to check |
2025 | again at the earliest time it could time out. Rinse. Repeat. |
2072 | again at the earliest time it could time out. Rinse. Repeat. |
2026 | .Sp |
2073 | .Sp |
2027 | This scheme causes more callback invocations (about one every 60 seconds |
2074 | This scheme causes more callback invocations (about one every 60 seconds |
2028 | minus half the average time between activity), but virtually no calls to |
2075 | minus half the average time between activity), but virtually no calls to |
2029 | libev to change the timeout. |
2076 | libev to change the timeout. |
… | |
… | |
2047 | \& last_activity = ev_now (EV_A); |
2094 | \& last_activity = ev_now (EV_A); |
2048 | .Ve |
2095 | .Ve |
2049 | .Sp |
2096 | .Sp |
2050 | When your timeout value changes, then the timeout can be changed by simply |
2097 | When your timeout value changes, then the timeout can be changed by simply |
2051 | providing a new value, stopping the timer and calling the callback, which |
2098 | providing a new value, stopping the timer and calling the callback, which |
2052 | will agaion do the right thing (for example, time out immediately :). |
2099 | will again do the right thing (for example, time out immediately :). |
2053 | .Sp |
2100 | .Sp |
2054 | .Vb 3 |
2101 | .Vb 3 |
2055 | \& timeout = new_value; |
2102 | \& timeout = new_value; |
2056 | \& ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ &timer); |
2103 | \& ev_timer_stop (EV_A_ &timer); |
2057 | \& callback (EV_A_ &timer, 0); |
2104 | \& callback (EV_A_ &timer, 0); |
… | |
… | |
2141 | .PP |
2188 | .PP |
2142 | The relative timeouts are calculated relative to the \f(CW\*(C`ev_now ()\*(C'\fR |
2189 | The relative timeouts are calculated relative to the \f(CW\*(C`ev_now ()\*(C'\fR |
2143 | time. This is usually the right thing as this timestamp refers to the time |
2190 | time. This is usually the right thing as this timestamp refers to the time |
2144 | of the event triggering whatever timeout you are modifying/starting. If |
2191 | of the event triggering whatever timeout you are modifying/starting. If |
2145 | you suspect event processing to be delayed and you \fIneed\fR to base the |
2192 | you suspect event processing to be delayed and you \fIneed\fR to base the |
2146 | timeout on the current time, use something like this to adjust for this: |
2193 | timeout on the current time, use something like the following to adjust |
|
|
2194 | for it: |
2147 | .PP |
2195 | .PP |
2148 | .Vb 1 |
2196 | .Vb 1 |
2149 | \& ev_timer_set (&timer, after + ev_now () \- ev_time (), 0.); |
2197 | \& ev_timer_set (&timer, after + (ev_time () \- ev_now ()), 0.); |
2150 | .Ve |
2198 | .Ve |
2151 | .PP |
2199 | .PP |
2152 | If the event loop is suspended for a long time, you can also force an |
2200 | If the event loop is suspended for a long time, you can also force an |
2153 | update of the time returned by \f(CW\*(C`ev_now ()\*(C'\fR by calling \f(CW\*(C`ev_now_update |
2201 | update of the time returned by \f(CW\*(C`ev_now ()\*(C'\fR by calling \f(CW\*(C`ev_now_update |
2154 | ()\*(C'\fR. |
2202 | ()\*(C'\fR, although that will push the event time of all outstanding events |
|
|
2203 | further into the future. |
2155 | .PP |
2204 | .PP |
2156 | \fIThe special problem of unsynchronised clocks\fR |
2205 | \fIThe special problem of unsynchronised clocks\fR |
2157 | .IX Subsection "The special problem of unsynchronised clocks" |
2206 | .IX Subsection "The special problem of unsynchronised clocks" |
2158 | .PP |
2207 | .PP |
2159 | Modern systems have a variety of clocks \- libev itself uses the normal |
2208 | Modern systems have a variety of clocks \- libev itself uses the normal |
… | |
… | |
2224 | .IX Item "ev_timer_init (ev_timer *, callback, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)" |
2273 | .IX Item "ev_timer_init (ev_timer *, callback, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)" |
2225 | .PD 0 |
2274 | .PD 0 |
2226 | .IP "ev_timer_set (ev_timer *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)" 4 |
2275 | .IP "ev_timer_set (ev_timer *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)" 4 |
2227 | .IX Item "ev_timer_set (ev_timer *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)" |
2276 | .IX Item "ev_timer_set (ev_timer *, ev_tstamp after, ev_tstamp repeat)" |
2228 | .PD |
2277 | .PD |
2229 | Configure the timer to trigger after \f(CW\*(C`after\*(C'\fR seconds. If \f(CW\*(C`repeat\*(C'\fR |
2278 | Configure the timer to trigger after \f(CW\*(C`after\*(C'\fR seconds (fractional and |
2230 | is \f(CW0.\fR, then it will automatically be stopped once the timeout is |
2279 | negative values are supported). If \f(CW\*(C`repeat\*(C'\fR is \f(CW0.\fR, then it will |
2231 | reached. If it is positive, then the timer will automatically be |
2280 | automatically be stopped once the timeout is reached. If it is positive, |
2232 | configured to trigger again \f(CW\*(C`repeat\*(C'\fR seconds later, again, and again, |
2281 | then the timer will automatically be configured to trigger again \f(CW\*(C`repeat\*(C'\fR |
2233 | until stopped manually. |
2282 | seconds later, again, and again, until stopped manually. |
2234 | .Sp |
2283 | .Sp |
2235 | The timer itself will do a best-effort at avoiding drift, that is, if |
2284 | The timer itself will do a best-effort at avoiding drift, that is, if |
2236 | you configure a timer to trigger every 10 seconds, then it will normally |
2285 | you configure a timer to trigger every 10 seconds, then it will normally |
2237 | trigger at exactly 10 second intervals. If, however, your program cannot |
2286 | trigger at exactly 10 second intervals. If, however, your program cannot |
2238 | keep up with the timer (because it takes longer than those 10 seconds to |
2287 | keep up with the timer (because it takes longer than those 10 seconds to |
… | |
… | |
2320 | Periodic watchers are also timers of a kind, but they are very versatile |
2369 | Periodic watchers are also timers of a kind, but they are very versatile |
2321 | (and unfortunately a bit complex). |
2370 | (and unfortunately a bit complex). |
2322 | .PP |
2371 | .PP |
2323 | Unlike \f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR, periodic watchers are not based on real time (or |
2372 | Unlike \f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR, periodic watchers are not based on real time (or |
2324 | relative time, the physical time that passes) but on wall clock time |
2373 | relative time, the physical time that passes) but on wall clock time |
2325 | (absolute time, the thing you can read on your calender or clock). The |
2374 | (absolute time, the thing you can read on your calendar or clock). The |
2326 | difference is that wall clock time can run faster or slower than real |
2375 | difference is that wall clock time can run faster or slower than real |
2327 | time, and time jumps are not uncommon (e.g. when you adjust your |
2376 | time, and time jumps are not uncommon (e.g. when you adjust your |
2328 | wrist-watch). |
2377 | wrist-watch). |
2329 | .PP |
2378 | .PP |
2330 | You can tell a periodic watcher to trigger after some specific point |
2379 | You can tell a periodic watcher to trigger after some specific point |
… | |
… | |
2335 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR, which would still trigger roughly 10 seconds after starting |
2384 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR, which would still trigger roughly 10 seconds after starting |
2336 | it, as it uses a relative timeout). |
2385 | it, as it uses a relative timeout). |
2337 | .PP |
2386 | .PP |
2338 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_periodic\*(C'\fR watchers can also be used to implement vastly more complex |
2387 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_periodic\*(C'\fR watchers can also be used to implement vastly more complex |
2339 | timers, such as triggering an event on each \*(L"midnight, local time\*(R", or |
2388 | timers, such as triggering an event on each \*(L"midnight, local time\*(R", or |
2340 | other complicated rules. This cannot be done with \f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR watchers, as |
2389 | other complicated rules. This cannot easily be done with \f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR |
2341 | those cannot react to time jumps. |
2390 | watchers, as those cannot react to time jumps. |
2342 | .PP |
2391 | .PP |
2343 | As with timers, the callback is guaranteed to be invoked only when the |
2392 | As with timers, the callback is guaranteed to be invoked only when the |
2344 | point in time where it is supposed to trigger has passed. If multiple |
2393 | point in time where it is supposed to trigger has passed. If multiple |
2345 | timers become ready during the same loop iteration then the ones with |
2394 | timers become ready during the same loop iteration then the ones with |
2346 | earlier time-out values are invoked before ones with later time-out values |
2395 | earlier time-out values are invoked before ones with later time-out values |
… | |
… | |
2407 | In this mode the values for \f(CW\*(C`interval\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`offset\*(C'\fR are both being |
2456 | In this mode the values for \f(CW\*(C`interval\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`offset\*(C'\fR are both being |
2408 | ignored. Instead, each time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the |
2457 | ignored. Instead, each time the periodic watcher gets scheduled, the |
2409 | reschedule callback will be called with the watcher as first, and the |
2458 | reschedule callback will be called with the watcher as first, and the |
2410 | current time as second argument. |
2459 | current time as second argument. |
2411 | .Sp |
2460 | .Sp |
2412 | \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 \fIThis callback \s-1MUST\s0 \s-1NOT\s0 stop or destroy any periodic watcher, ever, |
2461 | \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 \fIThis callback \s-1MUST NOT\s0 stop or destroy any periodic watcher, ever, |
2413 | or make \s-1ANY\s0 other event loop modifications whatsoever, unless explicitly |
2462 | or make \s-1ANY\s0 other event loop modifications whatsoever, unless explicitly |
2414 | allowed by documentation here\fR. |
2463 | allowed by documentation here\fR. |
2415 | .Sp |
2464 | .Sp |
2416 | If you need to stop it, return \f(CW\*(C`now + 1e30\*(C'\fR (or so, fudge fudge) and stop |
2465 | If you need to stop it, return \f(CW\*(C`now + 1e30\*(C'\fR (or so, fudge fudge) and stop |
2417 | it afterwards (e.g. by starting an \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR watcher, which is the |
2466 | it afterwards (e.g. by starting an \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR watcher, which is the |
… | |
… | |
2435 | .Sp |
2484 | .Sp |
2436 | \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 \fIThis callback must always return a time that is higher than or |
2485 | \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 \fIThis callback must always return a time that is higher than or |
2437 | equal to the passed \f(CI\*(C`now\*(C'\fI value\fR. |
2486 | equal to the passed \f(CI\*(C`now\*(C'\fI value\fR. |
2438 | .Sp |
2487 | .Sp |
2439 | This can be used to create very complex timers, such as a timer that |
2488 | This can be used to create very complex timers, such as a timer that |
2440 | triggers on \*(L"next midnight, local time\*(R". To do this, you would calculate the |
2489 | triggers on \*(L"next midnight, local time\*(R". To do this, you would calculate |
2441 | next midnight after \f(CW\*(C`now\*(C'\fR and return the timestamp value for this. How |
2490 | the next midnight after \f(CW\*(C`now\*(C'\fR and return the timestamp value for |
2442 | you do this is, again, up to you (but it is not trivial, which is the main |
2491 | this. Here is a (completely untested, no error checking) example on how to |
2443 | reason I omitted it as an example). |
2492 | do this: |
|
|
2493 | .Sp |
|
|
2494 | .Vb 1 |
|
|
2495 | \& #include <time.h> |
|
|
2496 | \& |
|
|
2497 | \& static ev_tstamp |
|
|
2498 | \& my_rescheduler (ev_periodic *w, ev_tstamp now) |
|
|
2499 | \& { |
|
|
2500 | \& time_t tnow = (time_t)now; |
|
|
2501 | \& struct tm tm; |
|
|
2502 | \& localtime_r (&tnow, &tm); |
|
|
2503 | \& |
|
|
2504 | \& tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0; // midnight current day |
|
|
2505 | \& ++tm.tm_mday; // midnight next day |
|
|
2506 | \& |
|
|
2507 | \& return mktime (&tm); |
|
|
2508 | \& } |
|
|
2509 | .Ve |
|
|
2510 | .Sp |
|
|
2511 | Note: this code might run into trouble on days that have more then two |
|
|
2512 | midnights (beginning and end). |
2444 | .RE |
2513 | .RE |
2445 | .RS 4 |
2514 | .RS 4 |
2446 | .RE |
2515 | .RE |
2447 | .IP "ev_periodic_again (loop, ev_periodic *)" 4 |
2516 | .IP "ev_periodic_again (loop, ev_periodic *)" 4 |
2448 | .IX Item "ev_periodic_again (loop, ev_periodic *)" |
2517 | .IX Item "ev_periodic_again (loop, ev_periodic *)" |
… | |
… | |
2533 | only within the same loop, i.e. you can watch for \f(CW\*(C`SIGINT\*(C'\fR in your |
2602 | only within the same loop, i.e. you can watch for \f(CW\*(C`SIGINT\*(C'\fR in your |
2534 | default loop and for \f(CW\*(C`SIGIO\*(C'\fR in another loop, but you cannot watch for |
2603 | default loop and for \f(CW\*(C`SIGIO\*(C'\fR in another loop, but you cannot watch for |
2535 | \&\f(CW\*(C`SIGINT\*(C'\fR in both the default loop and another loop at the same time. At |
2604 | \&\f(CW\*(C`SIGINT\*(C'\fR in both the default loop and another loop at the same time. At |
2536 | the moment, \f(CW\*(C`SIGCHLD\*(C'\fR is permanently tied to the default loop. |
2605 | the moment, \f(CW\*(C`SIGCHLD\*(C'\fR is permanently tied to the default loop. |
2537 | .PP |
2606 | .PP |
2538 | When the first watcher gets started will libev actually register something |
2607 | Only after the first watcher for a signal is started will libev actually |
2539 | with the kernel (thus it coexists with your own signal handlers as long as |
2608 | register something with the kernel. It thus coexists with your own signal |
2540 | you don't register any with libev for the same signal). |
2609 | handlers as long as you don't register any with libev for the same signal. |
2541 | .PP |
2610 | .PP |
2542 | If possible and supported, libev will install its handlers with |
2611 | If possible and supported, libev will install its handlers with |
2543 | \&\f(CW\*(C`SA_RESTART\*(C'\fR (or equivalent) behaviour enabled, so system calls should |
2612 | \&\f(CW\*(C`SA_RESTART\*(C'\fR (or equivalent) behaviour enabled, so system calls should |
2544 | not be unduly interrupted. If you have a problem with system calls getting |
2613 | not be unduly interrupted. If you have a problem with system calls getting |
2545 | interrupted by signals you can block all signals in an \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watcher |
2614 | interrupted by signals you can block all signals in an \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watcher |
… | |
… | |
2606 | The signal the watcher watches out for. |
2675 | The signal the watcher watches out for. |
2607 | .PP |
2676 | .PP |
2608 | \fIExamples\fR |
2677 | \fIExamples\fR |
2609 | .IX Subsection "Examples" |
2678 | .IX Subsection "Examples" |
2610 | .PP |
2679 | .PP |
2611 | Example: Try to exit cleanly on \s-1SIGINT\s0. |
2680 | Example: Try to exit cleanly on \s-1SIGINT.\s0 |
2612 | .PP |
2681 | .PP |
2613 | .Vb 5 |
2682 | .Vb 5 |
2614 | \& static void |
2683 | \& static void |
2615 | \& sigint_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, ev_signal *w, int revents) |
2684 | \& sigint_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, ev_signal *w, int revents) |
2616 | \& { |
2685 | \& { |
… | |
… | |
2731 | .ie n .SS """ev_stat"" \- did the file attributes just change?" |
2800 | .ie n .SS """ev_stat"" \- did the file attributes just change?" |
2732 | .el .SS "\f(CWev_stat\fP \- did the file attributes just change?" |
2801 | .el .SS "\f(CWev_stat\fP \- did the file attributes just change?" |
2733 | .IX Subsection "ev_stat - did the file attributes just change?" |
2802 | .IX Subsection "ev_stat - did the file attributes just change?" |
2734 | This watches a file system path for attribute changes. That is, it calls |
2803 | This watches a file system path for attribute changes. That is, it calls |
2735 | \&\f(CW\*(C`stat\*(C'\fR on that path in regular intervals (or when the \s-1OS\s0 says it changed) |
2804 | \&\f(CW\*(C`stat\*(C'\fR on that path in regular intervals (or when the \s-1OS\s0 says it changed) |
2736 | and sees if it changed compared to the last time, invoking the callback if |
2805 | and sees if it changed compared to the last time, invoking the callback |
2737 | it did. |
2806 | if it did. Starting the watcher \f(CW\*(C`stat\*(C'\fR's the file, so only changes that |
|
|
2807 | happen after the watcher has been started will be reported. |
2738 | .PP |
2808 | .PP |
2739 | The path does not need to exist: changing from \*(L"path exists\*(R" to \*(L"path does |
2809 | The path does not need to exist: changing from \*(L"path exists\*(R" to \*(L"path does |
2740 | not exist\*(R" is a status change like any other. The condition \*(L"path does not |
2810 | not exist\*(R" is a status change like any other. The condition \*(L"path does not |
2741 | exist\*(R" (or more correctly \*(L"path cannot be stat'ed\*(R") is signified by the |
2811 | exist\*(R" (or more correctly \*(L"path cannot be stat'ed\*(R") is signified by the |
2742 | \&\f(CW\*(C`st_nlink\*(C'\fR field being zero (which is otherwise always forced to be at |
2812 | \&\f(CW\*(C`st_nlink\*(C'\fR field being zero (which is otherwise always forced to be at |
… | |
… | |
2772 | compilation environment, which means that on systems with large file |
2842 | compilation environment, which means that on systems with large file |
2773 | support disabled by default, you get the 32 bit version of the stat |
2843 | support disabled by default, you get the 32 bit version of the stat |
2774 | structure. When using the library from programs that change the \s-1ABI\s0 to |
2844 | structure. When using the library from programs that change the \s-1ABI\s0 to |
2775 | use 64 bit file offsets the programs will fail. In that case you have to |
2845 | use 64 bit file offsets the programs will fail. In that case you have to |
2776 | compile libev with the same flags to get binary compatibility. This is |
2846 | compile libev with the same flags to get binary compatibility. This is |
2777 | obviously the case with any flags that change the \s-1ABI\s0, but the problem is |
2847 | obviously the case with any flags that change the \s-1ABI,\s0 but the problem is |
2778 | most noticeably displayed with ev_stat and large file support. |
2848 | most noticeably displayed with ev_stat and large file support. |
2779 | .PP |
2849 | .PP |
2780 | The solution for this is to lobby your distribution maker to make large |
2850 | The solution for this is to lobby your distribution maker to make large |
2781 | file interfaces available by default (as e.g. FreeBSD does) and not |
2851 | file interfaces available by default (as e.g. FreeBSD does) and not |
2782 | optional. Libev cannot simply switch on large file support because it has |
2852 | optional. Libev cannot simply switch on large file support because it has |
… | |
… | |
2973 | Apart from keeping your process non-blocking (which is a useful |
3043 | Apart from keeping your process non-blocking (which is a useful |
2974 | effect on its own sometimes), idle watchers are a good place to do |
3044 | effect on its own sometimes), idle watchers are a good place to do |
2975 | \&\*(L"pseudo-background processing\*(R", or delay processing stuff to after the |
3045 | \&\*(L"pseudo-background processing\*(R", or delay processing stuff to after the |
2976 | event loop has handled all outstanding events. |
3046 | event loop has handled all outstanding events. |
2977 | .PP |
3047 | .PP |
|
|
3048 | \fIAbusing an \f(CI\*(C`ev_idle\*(C'\fI watcher for its side-effect\fR |
|
|
3049 | .IX Subsection "Abusing an ev_idle watcher for its side-effect" |
|
|
3050 | .PP |
|
|
3051 | As long as there is at least one active idle watcher, libev will never |
|
|
3052 | sleep unnecessarily. Or in other words, it will loop as fast as possible. |
|
|
3053 | For this to work, the idle watcher doesn't need to be invoked at all \- the |
|
|
3054 | lowest priority will do. |
|
|
3055 | .PP |
|
|
3056 | This mode of operation can be useful together with an \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watcher, |
|
|
3057 | to do something on each event loop iteration \- for example to balance load |
|
|
3058 | between different connections. |
|
|
3059 | .PP |
|
|
3060 | See \*(L"Abusing an ev_check watcher for its side-effect\*(R" for a longer |
|
|
3061 | example. |
|
|
3062 | .PP |
2978 | \fIWatcher-Specific Functions and Data Members\fR |
3063 | \fIWatcher-Specific Functions and Data Members\fR |
2979 | .IX Subsection "Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members" |
3064 | .IX Subsection "Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members" |
2980 | .IP "ev_idle_init (ev_idle *, callback)" 4 |
3065 | .IP "ev_idle_init (ev_idle *, callback)" 4 |
2981 | .IX Item "ev_idle_init (ev_idle *, callback)" |
3066 | .IX Item "ev_idle_init (ev_idle *, callback)" |
2982 | Initialises and configures the idle watcher \- it has no parameters of any |
3067 | Initialises and configures the idle watcher \- it has no parameters of any |
… | |
… | |
2987 | .IX Subsection "Examples" |
3072 | .IX Subsection "Examples" |
2988 | .PP |
3073 | .PP |
2989 | Example: Dynamically allocate an \f(CW\*(C`ev_idle\*(C'\fR watcher, start it, and in the |
3074 | Example: Dynamically allocate an \f(CW\*(C`ev_idle\*(C'\fR watcher, start it, and in the |
2990 | callback, free it. Also, use no error checking, as usual. |
3075 | callback, free it. Also, use no error checking, as usual. |
2991 | .PP |
3076 | .PP |
2992 | .Vb 7 |
3077 | .Vb 5 |
2993 | \& static void |
3078 | \& static void |
2994 | \& idle_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, ev_idle *w, int revents) |
3079 | \& idle_cb (struct ev_loop *loop, ev_idle *w, int revents) |
2995 | \& { |
3080 | \& { |
|
|
3081 | \& // stop the watcher |
|
|
3082 | \& ev_idle_stop (loop, w); |
|
|
3083 | \& |
|
|
3084 | \& // now we can free it |
2996 | \& free (w); |
3085 | \& free (w); |
|
|
3086 | \& |
2997 | \& // now do something you wanted to do when the program has |
3087 | \& // now do something you wanted to do when the program has |
2998 | \& // no longer anything immediate to do. |
3088 | \& // no longer anything immediate to do. |
2999 | \& } |
3089 | \& } |
3000 | \& |
3090 | \& |
3001 | \& ev_idle *idle_watcher = malloc (sizeof (ev_idle)); |
3091 | \& ev_idle *idle_watcher = malloc (sizeof (ev_idle)); |
… | |
… | |
3003 | \& ev_idle_start (loop, idle_watcher); |
3093 | \& ev_idle_start (loop, idle_watcher); |
3004 | .Ve |
3094 | .Ve |
3005 | .ie n .SS """ev_prepare"" and ""ev_check"" \- customise your event loop!" |
3095 | .ie n .SS """ev_prepare"" and ""ev_check"" \- customise your event loop!" |
3006 | .el .SS "\f(CWev_prepare\fP and \f(CWev_check\fP \- customise your event loop!" |
3096 | .el .SS "\f(CWev_prepare\fP and \f(CWev_check\fP \- customise your event loop!" |
3007 | .IX Subsection "ev_prepare and ev_check - customise your event loop!" |
3097 | .IX Subsection "ev_prepare and ev_check - customise your event loop!" |
3008 | Prepare and check watchers are usually (but not always) used in pairs: |
3098 | Prepare and check watchers are often (but not always) used in pairs: |
3009 | prepare watchers get invoked before the process blocks and check watchers |
3099 | prepare watchers get invoked before the process blocks and check watchers |
3010 | afterwards. |
3100 | afterwards. |
3011 | .PP |
3101 | .PP |
3012 | You \fImust not\fR call \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR or similar functions that enter |
3102 | You \fImust not\fR call \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR (or similar functions that enter the |
3013 | the current event loop from either \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR |
3103 | current event loop) or \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_fork\*(C'\fR from either \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR or |
3014 | watchers. Other loops than the current one are fine, however. The |
3104 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers. Other loops than the current one are fine, |
3015 | rationale behind this is that you do not need to check for recursion in |
3105 | however. The rationale behind this is that you do not need to check |
3016 | those watchers, i.e. the sequence will always be \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR, blocking, |
3106 | for recursion in those watchers, i.e. the sequence will always be |
3017 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR so if you have one watcher of each kind they will always be |
3107 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR, blocking, \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR so if you have one watcher of each |
3018 | called in pairs bracketing the blocking call. |
3108 | kind they will always be called in pairs bracketing the blocking call. |
3019 | .PP |
3109 | .PP |
3020 | Their main purpose is to integrate other event mechanisms into libev and |
3110 | Their main purpose is to integrate other event mechanisms into libev and |
3021 | their use is somewhat advanced. They could be used, for example, to track |
3111 | their use is somewhat advanced. They could be used, for example, to track |
3022 | variable changes, implement your own watchers, integrate net-snmp or a |
3112 | variable changes, implement your own watchers, integrate net-snmp or a |
3023 | coroutine library and lots more. They are also occasionally useful if |
3113 | coroutine library and lots more. They are also occasionally useful if |
… | |
… | |
3041 | with priority higher than or equal to the event loop and one coroutine |
3131 | with priority higher than or equal to the event loop and one coroutine |
3042 | of lower priority, but only once, using idle watchers to keep the event |
3132 | of lower priority, but only once, using idle watchers to keep the event |
3043 | loop from blocking if lower-priority coroutines are active, thus mapping |
3133 | loop from blocking if lower-priority coroutines are active, thus mapping |
3044 | low-priority coroutines to idle/background tasks). |
3134 | low-priority coroutines to idle/background tasks). |
3045 | .PP |
3135 | .PP |
3046 | It is recommended to give \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers highest (\f(CW\*(C`EV_MAXPRI\*(C'\fR) |
3136 | When used for this purpose, it is recommended to give \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers |
3047 | priority, to ensure that they are being run before any other watchers |
3137 | highest (\f(CW\*(C`EV_MAXPRI\*(C'\fR) priority, to ensure that they are being run before |
3048 | after the poll (this doesn't matter for \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR watchers). |
3138 | any other watchers after the poll (this doesn't matter for \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR |
|
|
3139 | watchers). |
3049 | .PP |
3140 | .PP |
3050 | Also, \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers (and \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR watchers, too) should not |
3141 | Also, \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers (and \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR watchers, too) should not |
3051 | activate (\*(L"feed\*(R") events into libev. While libev fully supports this, they |
3142 | activate (\*(L"feed\*(R") events into libev. While libev fully supports this, they |
3052 | might get executed before other \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers did their job. As |
3143 | might get executed before other \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers did their job. As |
3053 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers are often used to embed other (non-libev) event |
3144 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers are often used to embed other (non-libev) event |
3054 | loops those other event loops might be in an unusable state until their |
3145 | loops those other event loops might be in an unusable state until their |
3055 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watcher ran (always remind yourself to coexist peacefully with |
3146 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watcher ran (always remind yourself to coexist peacefully with |
3056 | others). |
3147 | others). |
|
|
3148 | .PP |
|
|
3149 | \fIAbusing an \f(CI\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fI watcher for its side-effect\fR |
|
|
3150 | .IX Subsection "Abusing an ev_check watcher for its side-effect" |
|
|
3151 | .PP |
|
|
3152 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR (and less often also \f(CW\*(C`ev_prepare\*(C'\fR) watchers can also be |
|
|
3153 | useful because they are called once per event loop iteration. For |
|
|
3154 | example, if you want to handle a large number of connections fairly, you |
|
|
3155 | normally only do a bit of work for each active connection, and if there |
|
|
3156 | is more work to do, you wait for the next event loop iteration, so other |
|
|
3157 | connections have a chance of making progress. |
|
|
3158 | .PP |
|
|
3159 | Using an \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watcher is almost enough: it will be called on the |
|
|
3160 | next event loop iteration. However, that isn't as soon as possible \- |
|
|
3161 | without external events, your \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watcher will not be invoked. |
|
|
3162 | .PP |
|
|
3163 | This is where \f(CW\*(C`ev_idle\*(C'\fR watchers come in handy \- all you need is a |
|
|
3164 | single global idle watcher that is active as long as you have one active |
|
|
3165 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watcher. The \f(CW\*(C`ev_idle\*(C'\fR watcher makes sure the event loop |
|
|
3166 | will not sleep, and the \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watcher makes sure a callback gets |
|
|
3167 | invoked. Neither watcher alone can do that. |
3057 | .PP |
3168 | .PP |
3058 | \fIWatcher-Specific Functions and Data Members\fR |
3169 | \fIWatcher-Specific Functions and Data Members\fR |
3059 | .IX Subsection "Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members" |
3170 | .IX Subsection "Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members" |
3060 | .IP "ev_prepare_init (ev_prepare *, callback)" 4 |
3171 | .IP "ev_prepare_init (ev_prepare *, callback)" 4 |
3061 | .IX Item "ev_prepare_init (ev_prepare *, callback)" |
3172 | .IX Item "ev_prepare_init (ev_prepare *, callback)" |
… | |
… | |
3172 | .Ve |
3283 | .Ve |
3173 | .PP |
3284 | .PP |
3174 | Method 4: Do not use a prepare or check watcher because the module you |
3285 | Method 4: Do not use a prepare or check watcher because the module you |
3175 | want to embed is not flexible enough to support it. Instead, you can |
3286 | want to embed is not flexible enough to support it. Instead, you can |
3176 | override their poll function. The drawback with this solution is that the |
3287 | override their poll function. The drawback with this solution is that the |
3177 | main loop is now no longer controllable by \s-1EV\s0. The \f(CW\*(C`Glib::EV\*(C'\fR module uses |
3288 | main loop is now no longer controllable by \s-1EV.\s0 The \f(CW\*(C`Glib::EV\*(C'\fR module uses |
3178 | this approach, effectively embedding \s-1EV\s0 as a client into the horrible |
3289 | this approach, effectively embedding \s-1EV\s0 as a client into the horrible |
3179 | libglib event loop. |
3290 | libglib event loop. |
3180 | .PP |
3291 | .PP |
3181 | .Vb 4 |
3292 | .Vb 4 |
3182 | \& static gint |
3293 | \& static gint |
… | |
… | |
3266 | \fIWatcher-Specific Functions and Data Members\fR |
3377 | \fIWatcher-Specific Functions and Data Members\fR |
3267 | .IX Subsection "Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members" |
3378 | .IX Subsection "Watcher-Specific Functions and Data Members" |
3268 | .IP "ev_embed_init (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)" 4 |
3379 | .IP "ev_embed_init (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)" 4 |
3269 | .IX Item "ev_embed_init (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)" |
3380 | .IX Item "ev_embed_init (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)" |
3270 | .PD 0 |
3381 | .PD 0 |
3271 | .IP "ev_embed_set (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)" 4 |
3382 | .IP "ev_embed_set (ev_embed *, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)" 4 |
3272 | .IX Item "ev_embed_set (ev_embed *, callback, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)" |
3383 | .IX Item "ev_embed_set (ev_embed *, struct ev_loop *embedded_loop)" |
3273 | .PD |
3384 | .PD |
3274 | Configures the watcher to embed the given loop, which must be |
3385 | Configures the watcher to embed the given loop, which must be |
3275 | embeddable. If the callback is \f(CW0\fR, then \f(CW\*(C`ev_embed_sweep\*(C'\fR will be |
3386 | embeddable. If the callback is \f(CW0\fR, then \f(CW\*(C`ev_embed_sweep\*(C'\fR will be |
3276 | invoked automatically, otherwise it is the responsibility of the callback |
3387 | invoked automatically, otherwise it is the responsibility of the callback |
3277 | to invoke it (it will continue to be called until the sweep has been done, |
3388 | to invoke it (it will continue to be called until the sweep has been done, |
… | |
… | |
3296 | .PP |
3407 | .PP |
3297 | .Vb 3 |
3408 | .Vb 3 |
3298 | \& struct ev_loop *loop_hi = ev_default_init (0); |
3409 | \& struct ev_loop *loop_hi = ev_default_init (0); |
3299 | \& struct ev_loop *loop_lo = 0; |
3410 | \& struct ev_loop *loop_lo = 0; |
3300 | \& ev_embed embed; |
3411 | \& ev_embed embed; |
3301 | \& |
3412 | \& |
3302 | \& // see if there is a chance of getting one that works |
3413 | \& // see if there is a chance of getting one that works |
3303 | \& // (remember that a flags value of 0 means autodetection) |
3414 | \& // (remember that a flags value of 0 means autodetection) |
3304 | \& loop_lo = ev_embeddable_backends () & ev_recommended_backends () |
3415 | \& loop_lo = ev_embeddable_backends () & ev_recommended_backends () |
3305 | \& ? ev_loop_new (ev_embeddable_backends () & ev_recommended_backends ()) |
3416 | \& ? ev_loop_new (ev_embeddable_backends () & ev_recommended_backends ()) |
3306 | \& : 0; |
3417 | \& : 0; |
… | |
… | |
3322 | .PP |
3433 | .PP |
3323 | .Vb 3 |
3434 | .Vb 3 |
3324 | \& struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_init (0); |
3435 | \& struct ev_loop *loop = ev_default_init (0); |
3325 | \& struct ev_loop *loop_socket = 0; |
3436 | \& struct ev_loop *loop_socket = 0; |
3326 | \& ev_embed embed; |
3437 | \& ev_embed embed; |
3327 | \& |
3438 | \& |
3328 | \& if (ev_supported_backends () & ~ev_recommended_backends () & EVBACKEND_KQUEUE) |
3439 | \& if (ev_supported_backends () & ~ev_recommended_backends () & EVBACKEND_KQUEUE) |
3329 | \& if ((loop_socket = ev_loop_new (EVBACKEND_KQUEUE)) |
3440 | \& if ((loop_socket = ev_loop_new (EVBACKEND_KQUEUE)) |
3330 | \& { |
3441 | \& { |
3331 | \& ev_embed_init (&embed, 0, loop_socket); |
3442 | \& ev_embed_init (&embed, 0, loop_socket); |
3332 | \& ev_embed_start (loop, &embed); |
3443 | \& ev_embed_start (loop, &embed); |
… | |
… | |
3340 | .ie n .SS """ev_fork"" \- the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork" |
3451 | .ie n .SS """ev_fork"" \- the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork" |
3341 | .el .SS "\f(CWev_fork\fP \- the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork" |
3452 | .el .SS "\f(CWev_fork\fP \- the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork" |
3342 | .IX Subsection "ev_fork - the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork" |
3453 | .IX Subsection "ev_fork - the audacity to resume the event loop after a fork" |
3343 | Fork watchers are called when a \f(CW\*(C`fork ()\*(C'\fR was detected (usually because |
3454 | Fork watchers are called when a \f(CW\*(C`fork ()\*(C'\fR was detected (usually because |
3344 | whoever is a good citizen cared to tell libev about it by calling |
3455 | whoever is a good citizen cared to tell libev about it by calling |
3345 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_default_fork\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_fork\*(C'\fR). The invocation is done before the |
3456 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_fork\*(C'\fR). The invocation is done before the event loop blocks next |
3346 | event loop blocks next and before \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers are being called, |
3457 | and before \f(CW\*(C`ev_check\*(C'\fR watchers are being called, and only in the child |
3347 | and only in the child after the fork. If whoever good citizen calling |
3458 | after the fork. If whoever good citizen calling \f(CW\*(C`ev_default_fork\*(C'\fR cheats |
3348 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_default_fork\*(C'\fR cheats and calls it in the wrong process, the fork |
3459 | and calls it in the wrong process, the fork handlers will be invoked, too, |
3349 | handlers will be invoked, too, of course. |
3460 | of course. |
3350 | .PP |
3461 | .PP |
3351 | \fIThe special problem of life after fork \- how is it possible?\fR |
3462 | \fIThe special problem of life after fork \- how is it possible?\fR |
3352 | .IX Subsection "The special problem of life after fork - how is it possible?" |
3463 | .IX Subsection "The special problem of life after fork - how is it possible?" |
3353 | .PP |
3464 | .PP |
3354 | Most uses of \f(CW\*(C`fork()\*(C'\fR consist of forking, then some simple calls to set |
3465 | Most uses of \f(CW\*(C`fork ()\*(C'\fR consist of forking, then some simple calls to set |
3355 | up/change the process environment, followed by a call to \f(CW\*(C`exec()\*(C'\fR. This |
3466 | up/change the process environment, followed by a call to \f(CW\*(C`exec()\*(C'\fR. This |
3356 | sequence should be handled by libev without any problems. |
3467 | sequence should be handled by libev without any problems. |
3357 | .PP |
3468 | .PP |
3358 | This changes when the application actually wants to do event handling |
3469 | This changes when the application actually wants to do event handling |
3359 | in the child, or both parent in child, in effect \*(L"continuing\*(R" after the |
3470 | in the child, or both parent in child, in effect \*(L"continuing\*(R" after the |
… | |
… | |
3440 | it by calling \f(CW\*(C`ev_async_send\*(C'\fR, which is thread\- and signal safe. |
3551 | it by calling \f(CW\*(C`ev_async_send\*(C'\fR, which is thread\- and signal safe. |
3441 | .PP |
3552 | .PP |
3442 | This functionality is very similar to \f(CW\*(C`ev_signal\*(C'\fR watchers, as signals, |
3553 | This functionality is very similar to \f(CW\*(C`ev_signal\*(C'\fR watchers, as signals, |
3443 | too, are asynchronous in nature, and signals, too, will be compressed |
3554 | too, are asynchronous in nature, and signals, too, will be compressed |
3444 | (i.e. the number of callback invocations may be less than the number of |
3555 | (i.e. the number of callback invocations may be less than the number of |
3445 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_async_sent\*(C'\fR calls). In fact, you could use signal watchers as a kind |
3556 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_async_send\*(C'\fR calls). In fact, you could use signal watchers as a kind |
3446 | of \*(L"global async watchers\*(R" by using a watcher on an otherwise unused |
3557 | of \*(L"global async watchers\*(R" by using a watcher on an otherwise unused |
3447 | signal, and \f(CW\*(C`ev_feed_signal\*(C'\fR to signal this watcher from another thread, |
3558 | signal, and \f(CW\*(C`ev_feed_signal\*(C'\fR to signal this watcher from another thread, |
3448 | even without knowing which loop owns the signal. |
3559 | even without knowing which loop owns the signal. |
3449 | .PP |
3560 | .PP |
3450 | \fIQueueing\fR |
3561 | \fIQueueing\fR |
… | |
… | |
3576 | is a time window between the event loop checking and resetting the async |
3687 | is a time window between the event loop checking and resetting the async |
3577 | notification, and the callback being invoked. |
3688 | notification, and the callback being invoked. |
3578 | .SH "OTHER FUNCTIONS" |
3689 | .SH "OTHER FUNCTIONS" |
3579 | .IX Header "OTHER FUNCTIONS" |
3690 | .IX Header "OTHER FUNCTIONS" |
3580 | There are some other functions of possible interest. Described. Here. Now. |
3691 | There are some other functions of possible interest. Described. Here. Now. |
3581 | .IP "ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback)" 4 |
3692 | .IP "ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback, arg)" 4 |
3582 | .IX Item "ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback)" |
3693 | .IX Item "ev_once (loop, int fd, int events, ev_tstamp timeout, callback, arg)" |
3583 | This function combines a simple timer and an I/O watcher, calls your |
3694 | This function combines a simple timer and an I/O watcher, calls your |
3584 | callback on whichever event happens first and automatically stops both |
3695 | callback on whichever event happens first and automatically stops both |
3585 | watchers. This is useful if you want to wait for a single event on an fd |
3696 | watchers. This is useful if you want to wait for a single event on an fd |
3586 | or timeout without having to allocate/configure/start/stop/free one or |
3697 | or timeout without having to allocate/configure/start/stop/free one or |
3587 | more watchers yourself. |
3698 | more watchers yourself. |
… | |
… | |
3599 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EV_ERROR\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`EV_TIMER\*(C'\fR) and the \f(CW\*(C`arg\*(C'\fR |
3710 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EV_ERROR\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`EV_READ\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`EV_WRITE\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`EV_TIMER\*(C'\fR) and the \f(CW\*(C`arg\*(C'\fR |
3600 | value passed to \f(CW\*(C`ev_once\*(C'\fR. Note that it is possible to receive \fIboth\fR |
3711 | value passed to \f(CW\*(C`ev_once\*(C'\fR. Note that it is possible to receive \fIboth\fR |
3601 | a timeout and an io event at the same time \- you probably should give io |
3712 | a timeout and an io event at the same time \- you probably should give io |
3602 | events precedence. |
3713 | events precedence. |
3603 | .Sp |
3714 | .Sp |
3604 | Example: wait up to ten seconds for data to appear on \s-1STDIN_FILENO\s0. |
3715 | Example: wait up to ten seconds for data to appear on \s-1STDIN_FILENO.\s0 |
3605 | .Sp |
3716 | .Sp |
3606 | .Vb 7 |
3717 | .Vb 7 |
3607 | \& static void stdin_ready (int revents, void *arg) |
3718 | \& static void stdin_ready (int revents, void *arg) |
3608 | \& { |
3719 | \& { |
3609 | \& if (revents & EV_READ) |
3720 | \& if (revents & EV_READ) |
… | |
… | |
3625 | .SH "COMMON OR USEFUL IDIOMS (OR BOTH)" |
3736 | .SH "COMMON OR USEFUL IDIOMS (OR BOTH)" |
3626 | .IX Header "COMMON OR USEFUL IDIOMS (OR BOTH)" |
3737 | .IX Header "COMMON OR USEFUL IDIOMS (OR BOTH)" |
3627 | This section explains some common idioms that are not immediately |
3738 | This section explains some common idioms that are not immediately |
3628 | obvious. Note that examples are sprinkled over the whole manual, and this |
3739 | obvious. Note that examples are sprinkled over the whole manual, and this |
3629 | section only contains stuff that wouldn't fit anywhere else. |
3740 | section only contains stuff that wouldn't fit anywhere else. |
3630 | .SS "\s-1ASSOCIATING\s0 \s-1CUSTOM\s0 \s-1DATA\s0 \s-1WITH\s0 A \s-1WATCHER\s0" |
3741 | .SS "\s-1ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER\s0" |
3631 | .IX Subsection "ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER" |
3742 | .IX Subsection "ASSOCIATING CUSTOM DATA WITH A WATCHER" |
3632 | Each watcher has, by default, a \f(CW\*(C`void *data\*(C'\fR member that you can read |
3743 | Each watcher has, by default, a \f(CW\*(C`void *data\*(C'\fR member that you can read |
3633 | or modify at any time: libev will completely ignore it. This can be used |
3744 | or modify at any time: libev will completely ignore it. This can be used |
3634 | to associate arbitrary data with your watcher. If you need more data and |
3745 | to associate arbitrary data with your watcher. If you need more data and |
3635 | don't want to allocate memory separately and store a pointer to it in that |
3746 | don't want to allocate memory separately and store a pointer to it in that |
… | |
… | |
3661 | \& } |
3772 | \& } |
3662 | .Ve |
3773 | .Ve |
3663 | .PP |
3774 | .PP |
3664 | More interesting and less C\-conformant ways of casting your callback |
3775 | More interesting and less C\-conformant ways of casting your callback |
3665 | function type instead have been omitted. |
3776 | function type instead have been omitted. |
3666 | .SS "\s-1BUILDING\s0 \s-1YOUR\s0 \s-1OWN\s0 \s-1COMPOSITE\s0 \s-1WATCHERS\s0" |
3777 | .SS "\s-1BUILDING YOUR OWN COMPOSITE WATCHERS\s0" |
3667 | .IX Subsection "BUILDING YOUR OWN COMPOSITE WATCHERS" |
3778 | .IX Subsection "BUILDING YOUR OWN COMPOSITE WATCHERS" |
3668 | Another common scenario is to use some data structure with multiple |
3779 | Another common scenario is to use some data structure with multiple |
3669 | embedded watchers, in effect creating your own watcher that combines |
3780 | embedded watchers, in effect creating your own watcher that combines |
3670 | multiple libev event sources into one \*(L"super-watcher\*(R": |
3781 | multiple libev event sources into one \*(L"super-watcher\*(R": |
3671 | .PP |
3782 | .PP |
… | |
… | |
3699 | \& { |
3810 | \& { |
3700 | \& struct my_biggy big = (struct my_biggy *) |
3811 | \& struct my_biggy big = (struct my_biggy *) |
3701 | \& (((char *)w) \- offsetof (struct my_biggy, t2)); |
3812 | \& (((char *)w) \- offsetof (struct my_biggy, t2)); |
3702 | \& } |
3813 | \& } |
3703 | .Ve |
3814 | .Ve |
3704 | .SS "\s-1AVOIDING\s0 \s-1FINISHING\s0 \s-1BEFORE\s0 \s-1RETURNING\s0" |
3815 | .SS "\s-1AVOIDING FINISHING BEFORE RETURNING\s0" |
3705 | .IX Subsection "AVOIDING FINISHING BEFORE RETURNING" |
3816 | .IX Subsection "AVOIDING FINISHING BEFORE RETURNING" |
3706 | Often you have structures like this in event-based programs: |
3817 | Often you have structures like this in event-based programs: |
3707 | .PP |
3818 | .PP |
3708 | .Vb 4 |
3819 | .Vb 4 |
3709 | \& callback () |
3820 | \& callback () |
… | |
… | |
3731 | already been invoked. |
3842 | already been invoked. |
3732 | .PP |
3843 | .PP |
3733 | A common way around all these issues is to make sure that |
3844 | A common way around all these issues is to make sure that |
3734 | \&\f(CW\*(C`start_new_request\*(C'\fR \fIalways\fR returns before the callback is invoked. If |
3845 | \&\f(CW\*(C`start_new_request\*(C'\fR \fIalways\fR returns before the callback is invoked. If |
3735 | \&\f(CW\*(C`start_new_request\*(C'\fR immediately knows the result, it can artificially |
3846 | \&\f(CW\*(C`start_new_request\*(C'\fR immediately knows the result, it can artificially |
3736 | delay invoking the callback by e.g. using a \f(CW\*(C`prepare\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`idle\*(C'\fR watcher |
3847 | delay invoking the callback by using a \f(CW\*(C`prepare\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`idle\*(C'\fR watcher for |
3737 | for example, or more sneakily, by reusing an existing (stopped) watcher |
3848 | example, or more sneakily, by reusing an existing (stopped) watcher and |
3738 | and pushing it into the pending queue: |
3849 | pushing it into the pending queue: |
3739 | .PP |
3850 | .PP |
3740 | .Vb 2 |
3851 | .Vb 2 |
3741 | \& ev_set_cb (watcher, callback); |
3852 | \& ev_set_cb (watcher, callback); |
3742 | \& ev_feed_event (EV_A_ watcher, 0); |
3853 | \& ev_feed_event (EV_A_ watcher, 0); |
3743 | .Ve |
3854 | .Ve |
3744 | .PP |
3855 | .PP |
3745 | This way, \f(CW\*(C`start_new_request\*(C'\fR can safely return before the callback is |
3856 | This way, \f(CW\*(C`start_new_request\*(C'\fR can safely return before the callback is |
3746 | invoked, while not delaying callback invocation too much. |
3857 | invoked, while not delaying callback invocation too much. |
3747 | .SS "\s-1MODEL/NESTED\s0 \s-1EVENT\s0 \s-1LOOP\s0 \s-1INVOCATIONS\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1EXIT\s0 \s-1CONDITIONS\s0" |
3858 | .SS "\s-1MODEL/NESTED EVENT LOOP INVOCATIONS AND EXIT CONDITIONS\s0" |
3748 | .IX Subsection "MODEL/NESTED EVENT LOOP INVOCATIONS AND EXIT CONDITIONS" |
3859 | .IX Subsection "MODEL/NESTED EVENT LOOP INVOCATIONS AND EXIT CONDITIONS" |
3749 | Often (especially in \s-1GUI\s0 toolkits) there are places where you have |
3860 | Often (especially in \s-1GUI\s0 toolkits) there are places where you have |
3750 | \&\fImodal\fR interaction, which is most easily implemented by recursively |
3861 | \&\fImodal\fR interaction, which is most easily implemented by recursively |
3751 | invoking \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR. |
3862 | invoking \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR. |
3752 | .PP |
3863 | .PP |
3753 | This brings the problem of exiting \- a callback might want to finish the |
3864 | This brings the problem of exiting \- a callback might want to finish the |
3754 | main \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR call, but not the nested one (e.g. user clicked \*(L"Quit\*(R", but |
3865 | main \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR call, but not the nested one (e.g. user clicked \*(L"Quit\*(R", but |
3755 | a modal \*(L"Are you sure?\*(R" dialog is still waiting), or just the nested one |
3866 | a modal \*(L"Are you sure?\*(R" dialog is still waiting), or just the nested one |
3756 | and not the main one (e.g. user clocked \*(L"Ok\*(R" in a modal dialog), or some |
3867 | and not the main one (e.g. user clocked \*(L"Ok\*(R" in a modal dialog), or some |
3757 | other combination: In these cases, \f(CW\*(C`ev_break\*(C'\fR will not work alone. |
3868 | other combination: In these cases, a simple \f(CW\*(C`ev_break\*(C'\fR will not work. |
3758 | .PP |
3869 | .PP |
3759 | The solution is to maintain \*(L"break this loop\*(R" variable for each \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR |
3870 | The solution is to maintain \*(L"break this loop\*(R" variable for each \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR |
3760 | invocation, and use a loop around \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR until the condition is |
3871 | invocation, and use a loop around \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR until the condition is |
3761 | triggered, using \f(CW\*(C`EVRUN_ONCE\*(C'\fR: |
3872 | triggered, using \f(CW\*(C`EVRUN_ONCE\*(C'\fR: |
3762 | .PP |
3873 | .PP |
… | |
… | |
3784 | \& exit_main_loop = 1; |
3895 | \& exit_main_loop = 1; |
3785 | \& |
3896 | \& |
3786 | \& // exit both |
3897 | \& // exit both |
3787 | \& exit_main_loop = exit_nested_loop = 1; |
3898 | \& exit_main_loop = exit_nested_loop = 1; |
3788 | .Ve |
3899 | .Ve |
3789 | .SS "\s-1THREAD\s0 \s-1LOCKING\s0 \s-1EXAMPLE\s0" |
3900 | .SS "\s-1THREAD LOCKING EXAMPLE\s0" |
3790 | .IX Subsection "THREAD LOCKING EXAMPLE" |
3901 | .IX Subsection "THREAD LOCKING EXAMPLE" |
3791 | Here is a fictitious example of how to run an event loop in a different |
3902 | Here is a fictitious example of how to run an event loop in a different |
3792 | thread from where callbacks are being invoked and watchers are |
3903 | thread from where callbacks are being invoked and watchers are |
3793 | created/added/removed. |
3904 | created/added/removed. |
3794 | .PP |
3905 | .PP |
… | |
… | |
3935 | .PP |
4046 | .PP |
3936 | Note that sending the \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR watcher is required because otherwise |
4047 | Note that sending the \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR watcher is required because otherwise |
3937 | an event loop currently blocking in the kernel will have no knowledge |
4048 | an event loop currently blocking in the kernel will have no knowledge |
3938 | about the newly added timer. By waking up the loop it will pick up any new |
4049 | about the newly added timer. By waking up the loop it will pick up any new |
3939 | watchers in the next event loop iteration. |
4050 | watchers in the next event loop iteration. |
3940 | .SS "\s-1THREADS\s0, \s-1COROUTINES\s0, \s-1CONTINUATIONS\s0, \s-1QUEUES\s0... \s-1INSTEAD\s0 \s-1OF\s0 \s-1CALLBACKS\s0" |
4051 | .SS "\s-1THREADS, COROUTINES, CONTINUATIONS, QUEUES... INSTEAD OF CALLBACKS\s0" |
3941 | .IX Subsection "THREADS, COROUTINES, CONTINUATIONS, QUEUES... INSTEAD OF CALLBACKS" |
4052 | .IX Subsection "THREADS, COROUTINES, CONTINUATIONS, QUEUES... INSTEAD OF CALLBACKS" |
3942 | While the overhead of a callback that e.g. schedules a thread is small, it |
4053 | While the overhead of a callback that e.g. schedules a thread is small, it |
3943 | is still an overhead. If you embed libev, and your main usage is with some |
4054 | is still an overhead. If you embed libev, and your main usage is with some |
3944 | kind of threads or coroutines, you might want to customise libev so that |
4055 | kind of threads or coroutines, you might want to customise libev so that |
3945 | doesn't need callbacks anymore. |
4056 | doesn't need callbacks anymore. |
… | |
… | |
3967 | .PP |
4078 | .PP |
3968 | .Vb 6 |
4079 | .Vb 6 |
3969 | \& void |
4080 | \& void |
3970 | \& wait_for_event (ev_watcher *w) |
4081 | \& wait_for_event (ev_watcher *w) |
3971 | \& { |
4082 | \& { |
3972 | \& ev_cb_set (w) = current_coro; |
4083 | \& ev_set_cb (w, current_coro); |
3973 | \& switch_to (libev_coro); |
4084 | \& switch_to (libev_coro); |
3974 | \& } |
4085 | \& } |
3975 | .Ve |
4086 | .Ve |
3976 | .PP |
4087 | .PP |
3977 | That basically suspends the coroutine inside \f(CW\*(C`wait_for_event\*(C'\fR and |
4088 | That basically suspends the coroutine inside \f(CW\*(C`wait_for_event\*(C'\fR and |
… | |
… | |
3981 | You can do similar tricks if you have, say, threads with an event queue \- |
4092 | You can do similar tricks if you have, say, threads with an event queue \- |
3982 | instead of storing a coroutine, you store the queue object and instead of |
4093 | instead of storing a coroutine, you store the queue object and instead of |
3983 | switching to a coroutine, you push the watcher onto the queue and notify |
4094 | switching to a coroutine, you push the watcher onto the queue and notify |
3984 | any waiters. |
4095 | any waiters. |
3985 | .PP |
4096 | .PP |
3986 | To embed libev, see \s-1EMBEDDING\s0, but in short, it's easiest to create two |
4097 | To embed libev, see \*(L"\s-1EMBEDDING\*(R"\s0, but in short, it's easiest to create two |
3987 | files, \fImy_ev.h\fR and \fImy_ev.c\fR that include the respective libev files: |
4098 | files, \fImy_ev.h\fR and \fImy_ev.c\fR that include the respective libev files: |
3988 | .PP |
4099 | .PP |
3989 | .Vb 4 |
4100 | .Vb 4 |
3990 | \& // my_ev.h |
4101 | \& // my_ev.h |
3991 | \& #define EV_CB_DECLARE(type) struct my_coro *cb; |
4102 | \& #define EV_CB_DECLARE(type) struct my_coro *cb; |
3992 | \& #define EV_CB_INVOKE(watcher) switch_to ((watcher)\->cb); |
4103 | \& #define EV_CB_INVOKE(watcher) switch_to ((watcher)\->cb) |
3993 | \& #include "../libev/ev.h" |
4104 | \& #include "../libev/ev.h" |
3994 | \& |
4105 | \& |
3995 | \& // my_ev.c |
4106 | \& // my_ev.c |
3996 | \& #define EV_H "my_ev.h" |
4107 | \& #define EV_H "my_ev.h" |
3997 | \& #include "../libev/ev.c" |
4108 | \& #include "../libev/ev.c" |
… | |
… | |
4030 | .IP "\(bu" 4 |
4141 | .IP "\(bu" 4 |
4031 | The libev emulation is \fInot\fR \s-1ABI\s0 compatible to libevent, you need |
4142 | The libev emulation is \fInot\fR \s-1ABI\s0 compatible to libevent, you need |
4032 | to use the libev header file and library. |
4143 | to use the libev header file and library. |
4033 | .SH "\*(C+ SUPPORT" |
4144 | .SH "\*(C+ SUPPORT" |
4034 | .IX Header " SUPPORT" |
4145 | .IX Header " SUPPORT" |
|
|
4146 | .SS "C \s-1API\s0" |
|
|
4147 | .IX Subsection "C API" |
|
|
4148 | The normal C \s-1API\s0 should work fine when used from \*(C+: both ev.h and the |
|
|
4149 | libev sources can be compiled as \*(C+. Therefore, code that uses the C \s-1API\s0 |
|
|
4150 | will work fine. |
|
|
4151 | .PP |
|
|
4152 | Proper exception specifications might have to be added to callbacks passed |
|
|
4153 | to libev: exceptions may be thrown only from watcher callbacks, all other |
|
|
4154 | callbacks (allocator, syserr, loop acquire/release and periodic reschedule |
|
|
4155 | callbacks) must not throw exceptions, and might need a \f(CW\*(C`noexcept\*(C'\fR |
|
|
4156 | specification. If you have code that needs to be compiled as both C and |
|
|
4157 | \&\*(C+ you can use the \f(CW\*(C`EV_NOEXCEPT\*(C'\fR macro for this: |
|
|
4158 | .PP |
|
|
4159 | .Vb 6 |
|
|
4160 | \& static void |
|
|
4161 | \& fatal_error (const char *msg) EV_NOEXCEPT |
|
|
4162 | \& { |
|
|
4163 | \& perror (msg); |
|
|
4164 | \& abort (); |
|
|
4165 | \& } |
|
|
4166 | \& |
|
|
4167 | \& ... |
|
|
4168 | \& ev_set_syserr_cb (fatal_error); |
|
|
4169 | .Ve |
|
|
4170 | .PP |
|
|
4171 | The only \s-1API\s0 functions that can currently throw exceptions are \f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR, |
|
|
4172 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_invoke\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`ev_invoke_pending\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_destroy\*(C'\fR (the latter |
|
|
4173 | because it runs cleanup watchers). |
|
|
4174 | .PP |
|
|
4175 | Throwing exceptions in watcher callbacks is only supported if libev itself |
|
|
4176 | is compiled with a \*(C+ compiler or your C and \*(C+ environments allow |
|
|
4177 | throwing exceptions through C libraries (most do). |
|
|
4178 | .SS "\*(C+ \s-1API\s0" |
|
|
4179 | .IX Subsection " API" |
4035 | Libev comes with some simplistic wrapper classes for \*(C+ that mainly allow |
4180 | Libev comes with some simplistic wrapper classes for \*(C+ that mainly allow |
4036 | you to use some convenience methods to start/stop watchers and also change |
4181 | you to use some convenience methods to start/stop watchers and also change |
4037 | the callback model to a model using method callbacks on objects. |
4182 | the callback model to a model using method callbacks on objects. |
4038 | .PP |
4183 | .PP |
4039 | To use it, |
4184 | To use it, |
… | |
… | |
4055 | Currently, functions, static and non-static member functions and classes |
4200 | Currently, functions, static and non-static member functions and classes |
4056 | with \f(CW\*(C`operator ()\*(C'\fR can be used as callbacks. Other types should be easy |
4201 | with \f(CW\*(C`operator ()\*(C'\fR can be used as callbacks. Other types should be easy |
4057 | to add as long as they only need one additional pointer for context. If |
4202 | to add as long as they only need one additional pointer for context. If |
4058 | you need support for other types of functors please contact the author |
4203 | you need support for other types of functors please contact the author |
4059 | (preferably after implementing it). |
4204 | (preferably after implementing it). |
|
|
4205 | .PP |
|
|
4206 | For all this to work, your \*(C+ compiler either has to use the same calling |
|
|
4207 | conventions as your C compiler (for static member functions), or you have |
|
|
4208 | to embed libev and compile libev itself as \*(C+. |
4060 | .PP |
4209 | .PP |
4061 | Here is a list of things available in the \f(CW\*(C`ev\*(C'\fR namespace: |
4210 | Here is a list of things available in the \f(CW\*(C`ev\*(C'\fR namespace: |
4062 | .ie n .IP """ev::READ"", ""ev::WRITE"" etc." 4 |
4211 | .ie n .IP """ev::READ"", ""ev::WRITE"" etc." 4 |
4063 | .el .IP "\f(CWev::READ\fR, \f(CWev::WRITE\fR etc." 4 |
4212 | .el .IP "\f(CWev::READ\fR, \f(CWev::WRITE\fR etc." 4 |
4064 | .IX Item "ev::READ, ev::WRITE etc." |
4213 | .IX Item "ev::READ, ev::WRITE etc." |
… | |
… | |
4145 | \& void operator() (ev::io &w, int revents) |
4294 | \& void operator() (ev::io &w, int revents) |
4146 | \& { |
4295 | \& { |
4147 | \& ... |
4296 | \& ... |
4148 | \& } |
4297 | \& } |
4149 | \& } |
4298 | \& } |
4150 | \& |
4299 | \& |
4151 | \& myfunctor f; |
4300 | \& myfunctor f; |
4152 | \& |
4301 | \& |
4153 | \& ev::io w; |
4302 | \& ev::io w; |
4154 | \& w.set (&f); |
4303 | \& w.set (&f); |
4155 | .Ve |
4304 | .Ve |
… | |
… | |
4173 | .IX Item "w->set (loop)" |
4322 | .IX Item "w->set (loop)" |
4174 | Associates a different \f(CW\*(C`struct ev_loop\*(C'\fR with this watcher. You can only |
4323 | Associates a different \f(CW\*(C`struct ev_loop\*(C'\fR with this watcher. You can only |
4175 | do this when the watcher is inactive (and not pending either). |
4324 | do this when the watcher is inactive (and not pending either). |
4176 | .IP "w\->set ([arguments])" 4 |
4325 | .IP "w\->set ([arguments])" 4 |
4177 | .IX Item "w->set ([arguments])" |
4326 | .IX Item "w->set ([arguments])" |
4178 | Basically the same as \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_set\*(C'\fR, with the same arguments. Either this |
4327 | Basically the same as \f(CW\*(C`ev_TYPE_set\*(C'\fR (except for \f(CW\*(C`ev::embed\*(C'\fR watchers>), |
4179 | method or a suitable start method must be called at least once. Unlike the |
4328 | with the same arguments. Either this method or a suitable start method |
4180 | C counterpart, an active watcher gets automatically stopped and restarted |
4329 | must be called at least once. Unlike the C counterpart, an active watcher |
4181 | when reconfiguring it with this method. |
4330 | gets automatically stopped and restarted when reconfiguring it with this |
|
|
4331 | method. |
|
|
4332 | .Sp |
|
|
4333 | For \f(CW\*(C`ev::embed\*(C'\fR watchers this method is called \f(CW\*(C`set_embed\*(C'\fR, to avoid |
|
|
4334 | clashing with the \f(CW\*(C`set (loop)\*(C'\fR method. |
4182 | .IP "w\->start ()" 4 |
4335 | .IP "w\->start ()" 4 |
4183 | .IX Item "w->start ()" |
4336 | .IX Item "w->start ()" |
4184 | Starts the watcher. Note that there is no \f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR argument, as the |
4337 | Starts the watcher. Note that there is no \f(CW\*(C`loop\*(C'\fR argument, as the |
4185 | constructor already stores the event loop. |
4338 | constructor already stores the event loop. |
4186 | .IP "w\->start ([arguments])" 4 |
4339 | .IP "w\->start ([arguments])" 4 |
… | |
… | |
4244 | there are additional modules that implement libev-compatible interfaces |
4397 | there are additional modules that implement libev-compatible interfaces |
4245 | to \f(CW\*(C`libadns\*(C'\fR (\f(CW\*(C`EV::ADNS\*(C'\fR, but \f(CW\*(C`AnyEvent::DNS\*(C'\fR is preferred nowadays), |
4398 | to \f(CW\*(C`libadns\*(C'\fR (\f(CW\*(C`EV::ADNS\*(C'\fR, but \f(CW\*(C`AnyEvent::DNS\*(C'\fR is preferred nowadays), |
4246 | \&\f(CW\*(C`Net::SNMP\*(C'\fR (\f(CW\*(C`Net::SNMP::EV\*(C'\fR) and the \f(CW\*(C`libglib\*(C'\fR event core (\f(CW\*(C`Glib::EV\*(C'\fR |
4399 | \&\f(CW\*(C`Net::SNMP\*(C'\fR (\f(CW\*(C`Net::SNMP::EV\*(C'\fR) and the \f(CW\*(C`libglib\*(C'\fR event core (\f(CW\*(C`Glib::EV\*(C'\fR |
4247 | and \f(CW\*(C`EV::Glib\*(C'\fR). |
4400 | and \f(CW\*(C`EV::Glib\*(C'\fR). |
4248 | .Sp |
4401 | .Sp |
4249 | It can be found and installed via \s-1CPAN\s0, its homepage is at |
4402 | It can be found and installed via \s-1CPAN,\s0 its homepage is at |
4250 | <http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/EV>. |
4403 | <http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/EV>. |
4251 | .IP "Python" 4 |
4404 | .IP "Python" 4 |
4252 | .IX Item "Python" |
4405 | .IX Item "Python" |
4253 | Python bindings can be found at <http://code.google.com/p/pyev/>. It |
4406 | Python bindings can be found at <http://code.google.com/p/pyev/>. It |
4254 | seems to be quite complete and well-documented. |
4407 | seems to be quite complete and well-documented. |
… | |
… | |
4262 | Roger Pack reports that using the link order \f(CW\*(C`\-lws2_32 \-lmsvcrt\-ruby\-190\*(C'\fR |
4415 | Roger Pack reports that using the link order \f(CW\*(C`\-lws2_32 \-lmsvcrt\-ruby\-190\*(C'\fR |
4263 | makes rev work even on mingw. |
4416 | makes rev work even on mingw. |
4264 | .IP "Haskell" 4 |
4417 | .IP "Haskell" 4 |
4265 | .IX Item "Haskell" |
4418 | .IX Item "Haskell" |
4266 | A haskell binding to libev is available at |
4419 | A haskell binding to libev is available at |
4267 | http://hackage.haskell.org/cgi\-bin/hackage\-scripts/package/hlibev <http://hackage.haskell.org/cgi-bin/hackage-scripts/package/hlibev>. |
4420 | <http://hackage.haskell.org/cgi\-bin/hackage\-scripts/package/hlibev>. |
4268 | .IP "D" 4 |
4421 | .IP "D" 4 |
4269 | .IX Item "D" |
4422 | .IX Item "D" |
4270 | Leandro Lucarella has written a D language binding (\fIev.d\fR) for libev, to |
4423 | Leandro Lucarella has written a D language binding (\fIev.d\fR) for libev, to |
4271 | be found at <http://www.llucax.com.ar/proj/ev.d/index.html>. |
4424 | be found at <http://www.llucax.com.ar/proj/ev.d/index.html>. |
4272 | .IP "Ocaml" 4 |
4425 | .IP "Ocaml" 4 |
4273 | .IX Item "Ocaml" |
4426 | .IX Item "Ocaml" |
4274 | Erkki Seppala has written Ocaml bindings for libev, to be found at |
4427 | Erkki Seppala has written Ocaml bindings for libev, to be found at |
4275 | http://modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~flux/software/ocaml\-ev/ <http://modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~flux/software/ocaml-ev/>. |
4428 | <http://modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~flux/software/ocaml\-ev/>. |
4276 | .IP "Lua" 4 |
4429 | .IP "Lua" 4 |
4277 | .IX Item "Lua" |
4430 | .IX Item "Lua" |
4278 | Brian Maher has written a partial interface to libev for lua (at the |
4431 | Brian Maher has written a partial interface to libev for lua (at the |
4279 | time of this writing, only \f(CW\*(C`ev_io\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR), to be found at |
4432 | time of this writing, only \f(CW\*(C`ev_io\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`ev_timer\*(C'\fR), to be found at |
4280 | http://github.com/brimworks/lua\-ev <http://github.com/brimworks/lua-ev>. |
4433 | <http://github.com/brimworks/lua\-ev>. |
|
|
4434 | .IP "Javascript" 4 |
|
|
4435 | .IX Item "Javascript" |
|
|
4436 | Node.js (<http://nodejs.org>) uses libev as the underlying event library. |
|
|
4437 | .IP "Others" 4 |
|
|
4438 | .IX Item "Others" |
|
|
4439 | There are others, and I stopped counting. |
4281 | .SH "MACRO MAGIC" |
4440 | .SH "MACRO MAGIC" |
4282 | .IX Header "MACRO MAGIC" |
4441 | .IX Header "MACRO MAGIC" |
4283 | Libev can be compiled with a variety of options, the most fundamental |
4442 | Libev can be compiled with a variety of options, the most fundamental |
4284 | of which is \f(CW\*(C`EV_MULTIPLICITY\*(C'\fR. This option determines whether (most) |
4443 | of which is \f(CW\*(C`EV_MULTIPLICITY\*(C'\fR. This option determines whether (most) |
4285 | functions and callbacks have an initial \f(CW\*(C`struct ev_loop *\*(C'\fR argument. |
4444 | functions and callbacks have an initial \f(CW\*(C`struct ev_loop *\*(C'\fR argument. |
… | |
… | |
4368 | .SS "\s-1FILESETS\s0" |
4527 | .SS "\s-1FILESETS\s0" |
4369 | .IX Subsection "FILESETS" |
4528 | .IX Subsection "FILESETS" |
4370 | Depending on what features you need you need to include one or more sets of files |
4529 | Depending on what features you need you need to include one or more sets of files |
4371 | in your application. |
4530 | in your application. |
4372 | .PP |
4531 | .PP |
4373 | \fI\s-1CORE\s0 \s-1EVENT\s0 \s-1LOOP\s0\fR |
4532 | \fI\s-1CORE EVENT LOOP\s0\fR |
4374 | .IX Subsection "CORE EVENT LOOP" |
4533 | .IX Subsection "CORE EVENT LOOP" |
4375 | .PP |
4534 | .PP |
4376 | To include only the libev core (all the \f(CW\*(C`ev_*\*(C'\fR functions), with manual |
4535 | To include only the libev core (all the \f(CW\*(C`ev_*\*(C'\fR functions), with manual |
4377 | configuration (no autoconf): |
4536 | configuration (no autoconf): |
4378 | .PP |
4537 | .PP |
… | |
… | |
4405 | \& ev_vars.h |
4564 | \& ev_vars.h |
4406 | \& ev_wrap.h |
4565 | \& ev_wrap.h |
4407 | \& |
4566 | \& |
4408 | \& ev_win32.c required on win32 platforms only |
4567 | \& ev_win32.c required on win32 platforms only |
4409 | \& |
4568 | \& |
4410 | \& ev_select.c only when select backend is enabled (which is enabled by default) |
4569 | \& ev_select.c only when select backend is enabled |
4411 | \& ev_poll.c only when poll backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
4570 | \& ev_poll.c only when poll backend is enabled |
4412 | \& ev_epoll.c only when the epoll backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
4571 | \& ev_epoll.c only when the epoll backend is enabled |
4413 | \& ev_kqueue.c only when the kqueue backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
4572 | \& ev_kqueue.c only when the kqueue backend is enabled |
4414 | \& ev_port.c only when the solaris port backend is enabled (disabled by default) |
4573 | \& ev_port.c only when the solaris port backend is enabled |
4415 | .Ve |
4574 | .Ve |
4416 | .PP |
4575 | .PP |
4417 | \&\fIev.c\fR includes the backend files directly when enabled, so you only need |
4576 | \&\fIev.c\fR includes the backend files directly when enabled, so you only need |
4418 | to compile this single file. |
4577 | to compile this single file. |
4419 | .PP |
4578 | .PP |
4420 | \fI\s-1LIBEVENT\s0 \s-1COMPATIBILITY\s0 \s-1API\s0\fR |
4579 | \fI\s-1LIBEVENT COMPATIBILITY API\s0\fR |
4421 | .IX Subsection "LIBEVENT COMPATIBILITY API" |
4580 | .IX Subsection "LIBEVENT COMPATIBILITY API" |
4422 | .PP |
4581 | .PP |
4423 | To include the libevent compatibility \s-1API\s0, also include: |
4582 | To include the libevent compatibility \s-1API,\s0 also include: |
4424 | .PP |
4583 | .PP |
4425 | .Vb 1 |
4584 | .Vb 1 |
4426 | \& #include "event.c" |
4585 | \& #include "event.c" |
4427 | .Ve |
4586 | .Ve |
4428 | .PP |
4587 | .PP |
… | |
… | |
4430 | .PP |
4589 | .PP |
4431 | .Vb 1 |
4590 | .Vb 1 |
4432 | \& #include "event.h" |
4591 | \& #include "event.h" |
4433 | .Ve |
4592 | .Ve |
4434 | .PP |
4593 | .PP |
4435 | in the files that want to use the libevent \s-1API\s0. This also includes \fIev.h\fR. |
4594 | in the files that want to use the libevent \s-1API.\s0 This also includes \fIev.h\fR. |
4436 | .PP |
4595 | .PP |
4437 | You need the following additional files for this: |
4596 | You need the following additional files for this: |
4438 | .PP |
4597 | .PP |
4439 | .Vb 2 |
4598 | .Vb 2 |
4440 | \& event.h |
4599 | \& event.h |
4441 | \& event.c |
4600 | \& event.c |
4442 | .Ve |
4601 | .Ve |
4443 | .PP |
4602 | .PP |
4444 | \fI\s-1AUTOCONF\s0 \s-1SUPPORT\s0\fR |
4603 | \fI\s-1AUTOCONF SUPPORT\s0\fR |
4445 | .IX Subsection "AUTOCONF SUPPORT" |
4604 | .IX Subsection "AUTOCONF SUPPORT" |
4446 | .PP |
4605 | .PP |
4447 | Instead of using \f(CW\*(C`EV_STANDALONE=1\*(C'\fR and providing your configuration in |
4606 | Instead of using \f(CW\*(C`EV_STANDALONE=1\*(C'\fR and providing your configuration in |
4448 | whatever way you want, you can also \f(CW\*(C`m4_include([libev.m4])\*(C'\fR in your |
4607 | whatever way you want, you can also \f(CW\*(C`m4_include([libev.m4])\*(C'\fR in your |
4449 | \&\fIconfigure.ac\fR and leave \f(CW\*(C`EV_STANDALONE\*(C'\fR undefined. \fIev.c\fR will then |
4608 | \&\fIconfigure.ac\fR and leave \f(CW\*(C`EV_STANDALONE\*(C'\fR undefined. \fIev.c\fR will then |
… | |
… | |
4452 | For this of course you need the m4 file: |
4611 | For this of course you need the m4 file: |
4453 | .PP |
4612 | .PP |
4454 | .Vb 1 |
4613 | .Vb 1 |
4455 | \& libev.m4 |
4614 | \& libev.m4 |
4456 | .Ve |
4615 | .Ve |
4457 | .SS "\s-1PREPROCESSOR\s0 \s-1SYMBOLS/MACROS\s0" |
4616 | .SS "\s-1PREPROCESSOR SYMBOLS/MACROS\s0" |
4458 | .IX Subsection "PREPROCESSOR SYMBOLS/MACROS" |
4617 | .IX Subsection "PREPROCESSOR SYMBOLS/MACROS" |
4459 | Libev can be configured via a variety of preprocessor symbols you have to |
4618 | Libev can be configured via a variety of preprocessor symbols you have to |
4460 | define before including (or compiling) any of its files. The default in |
4619 | define before including (or compiling) any of its files. The default in |
4461 | the absence of autoconf is documented for every option. |
4620 | the absence of autoconf is documented for every option. |
4462 | .PP |
4621 | .PP |
4463 | Symbols marked with \*(L"(h)\*(R" do not change the \s-1ABI\s0, and can have different |
4622 | Symbols marked with \*(L"(h)\*(R" do not change the \s-1ABI,\s0 and can have different |
4464 | values when compiling libev vs. including \fIev.h\fR, so it is permissible |
4623 | values when compiling libev vs. including \fIev.h\fR, so it is permissible |
4465 | to redefine them before including \fIev.h\fR without breaking compatibility |
4624 | to redefine them before including \fIev.h\fR without breaking compatibility |
4466 | to a compiled library. All other symbols change the \s-1ABI\s0, which means all |
4625 | to a compiled library. All other symbols change the \s-1ABI,\s0 which means all |
4467 | users of libev and the libev code itself must be compiled with compatible |
4626 | users of libev and the libev code itself must be compiled with compatible |
4468 | settings. |
4627 | settings. |
4469 | .IP "\s-1EV_COMPAT3\s0 (h)" 4 |
4628 | .IP "\s-1EV_COMPAT3\s0 (h)" 4 |
4470 | .IX Item "EV_COMPAT3 (h)" |
4629 | .IX Item "EV_COMPAT3 (h)" |
4471 | Backwards compatibility is a major concern for libev. This is why this |
4630 | Backwards compatibility is a major concern for libev. This is why this |
… | |
… | |
4580 | .IX Item "EV_WIN32_CLOSE_FD(fd)" |
4739 | .IX Item "EV_WIN32_CLOSE_FD(fd)" |
4581 | If programs implement their own fd to handle mapping on win32, then this |
4740 | If programs implement their own fd to handle mapping on win32, then this |
4582 | macro can be used to override the \f(CW\*(C`close\*(C'\fR function, useful to unregister |
4741 | macro can be used to override the \f(CW\*(C`close\*(C'\fR function, useful to unregister |
4583 | file descriptors again. Note that the replacement function has to close |
4742 | file descriptors again. Note that the replacement function has to close |
4584 | the underlying \s-1OS\s0 handle. |
4743 | the underlying \s-1OS\s0 handle. |
|
|
4744 | .IP "\s-1EV_USE_WSASOCKET\s0" 4 |
|
|
4745 | .IX Item "EV_USE_WSASOCKET" |
|
|
4746 | If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will use \f(CW\*(C`WSASocket\*(C'\fR to create its internal |
|
|
4747 | communication socket, which works better in some environments. Otherwise, |
|
|
4748 | the normal \f(CW\*(C`socket\*(C'\fR function will be used, which works better in other |
|
|
4749 | environments. |
4585 | .IP "\s-1EV_USE_POLL\s0" 4 |
4750 | .IP "\s-1EV_USE_POLL\s0" 4 |
4586 | .IX Item "EV_USE_POLL" |
4751 | .IX Item "EV_USE_POLL" |
4587 | If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the \f(CW\*(C`poll\*(C'\fR(2) |
4752 | If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will compile in support for the \f(CW\*(C`poll\*(C'\fR(2) |
4588 | backend. Otherwise it will be enabled on non\-win32 platforms. It |
4753 | backend. Otherwise it will be enabled on non\-win32 platforms. It |
4589 | takes precedence over select. |
4754 | takes precedence over select. |
… | |
… | |
4626 | between threads, that is, threads can be used, but threads never run on |
4791 | between threads, that is, threads can be used, but threads never run on |
4627 | different cpus (or different cpu cores). This reduces dependencies |
4792 | different cpus (or different cpu cores). This reduces dependencies |
4628 | and makes libev faster. |
4793 | and makes libev faster. |
4629 | .IP "\s-1EV_NO_THREADS\s0" 4 |
4794 | .IP "\s-1EV_NO_THREADS\s0" 4 |
4630 | .IX Item "EV_NO_THREADS" |
4795 | .IX Item "EV_NO_THREADS" |
4631 | If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will assume that it will never be called |
4796 | If defined to be \f(CW1\fR, libev will assume that it will never be called from |
4632 | from different threads, which is a stronger assumption than \f(CW\*(C`EV_NO_SMP\*(C'\fR, |
4797 | different threads (that includes signal handlers), which is a stronger |
4633 | above. This reduces dependencies and makes libev faster. |
4798 | assumption than \f(CW\*(C`EV_NO_SMP\*(C'\fR, above. This reduces dependencies and makes |
|
|
4799 | libev faster. |
4634 | .IP "\s-1EV_ATOMIC_T\s0" 4 |
4800 | .IP "\s-1EV_ATOMIC_T\s0" 4 |
4635 | .IX Item "EV_ATOMIC_T" |
4801 | .IX Item "EV_ATOMIC_T" |
4636 | Libev requires an integer type (suitable for storing \f(CW0\fR or \f(CW1\fR) whose |
4802 | Libev requires an integer type (suitable for storing \f(CW0\fR or \f(CW1\fR) whose |
4637 | access is atomic and serialised with respect to other threads or signal |
4803 | access is atomic with respect to other threads or signal contexts. No |
4638 | contexts. No such type is easily found in the C language, so you can |
4804 | such type is easily found in the C language, so you can provide your own |
4639 | provide your own type that you know is safe for your purposes. It is used |
4805 | type that you know is safe for your purposes. It is used both for signal |
4640 | both for signal handler \*(L"locking\*(R" as well as for signal and thread safety |
4806 | handler \*(L"locking\*(R" as well as for signal and thread safety in \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR |
4641 | in \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR watchers. |
4807 | watchers. |
4642 | .Sp |
4808 | .Sp |
4643 | In the absence of this define, libev will use \f(CW\*(C`sig_atomic_t volatile\*(C'\fR |
4809 | In the absence of this define, libev will use \f(CW\*(C`sig_atomic_t volatile\*(C'\fR |
4644 | (from \fIsignal.h\fR), which is usually good enough on most platforms, |
4810 | (from \fIsignal.h\fR), which is usually good enough on most platforms. |
4645 | although strictly speaking using a type that also implies a memory fence |
|
|
4646 | is required. |
|
|
4647 | .IP "\s-1EV_H\s0 (h)" 4 |
4811 | .IP "\s-1EV_H\s0 (h)" 4 |
4648 | .IX Item "EV_H (h)" |
4812 | .IX Item "EV_H (h)" |
4649 | The name of the \fIev.h\fR header file used to include it. The default if |
4813 | The name of the \fIev.h\fR header file used to include it. The default if |
4650 | undefined is \f(CW"ev.h"\fR in \fIevent.h\fR, \fIev.c\fR and \fIev++.h\fR. This can be |
4814 | undefined is \f(CW"ev.h"\fR in \fIevent.h\fR, \fIev.c\fR and \fIev++.h\fR. This can be |
4651 | used to virtually rename the \fIev.h\fR header file in case of conflicts. |
4815 | used to virtually rename the \fIev.h\fR header file in case of conflicts. |
… | |
… | |
4690 | all the priorities, so having many of them (hundreds) uses a lot of space |
4854 | all the priorities, so having many of them (hundreds) uses a lot of space |
4691 | and time, so using the defaults of five priorities (\-2 .. +2) is usually |
4855 | and time, so using the defaults of five priorities (\-2 .. +2) is usually |
4692 | fine. |
4856 | fine. |
4693 | .Sp |
4857 | .Sp |
4694 | If your embedding application does not need any priorities, defining these |
4858 | If your embedding application does not need any priorities, defining these |
4695 | both to \f(CW0\fR will save some memory and \s-1CPU\s0. |
4859 | both to \f(CW0\fR will save some memory and \s-1CPU.\s0 |
4696 | .IP "\s-1EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE\s0, \s-1EV_IDLE_ENABLE\s0, \s-1EV_EMBED_ENABLE\s0, \s-1EV_STAT_ENABLE\s0, \s-1EV_PREPARE_ENABLE\s0, \s-1EV_CHECK_ENABLE\s0, \s-1EV_FORK_ENABLE\s0, \s-1EV_SIGNAL_ENABLE\s0, \s-1EV_ASYNC_ENABLE\s0, \s-1EV_CHILD_ENABLE\s0." 4 |
4860 | .IP "\s-1EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE, EV_IDLE_ENABLE, EV_EMBED_ENABLE, EV_STAT_ENABLE, EV_PREPARE_ENABLE, EV_CHECK_ENABLE, EV_FORK_ENABLE, EV_SIGNAL_ENABLE, EV_ASYNC_ENABLE, EV_CHILD_ENABLE.\s0" 4 |
4697 | .IX Item "EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE, EV_IDLE_ENABLE, EV_EMBED_ENABLE, EV_STAT_ENABLE, EV_PREPARE_ENABLE, EV_CHECK_ENABLE, EV_FORK_ENABLE, EV_SIGNAL_ENABLE, EV_ASYNC_ENABLE, EV_CHILD_ENABLE." |
4861 | .IX Item "EV_PERIODIC_ENABLE, EV_IDLE_ENABLE, EV_EMBED_ENABLE, EV_STAT_ENABLE, EV_PREPARE_ENABLE, EV_CHECK_ENABLE, EV_FORK_ENABLE, EV_SIGNAL_ENABLE, EV_ASYNC_ENABLE, EV_CHILD_ENABLE." |
4698 | If undefined or defined to be \f(CW1\fR (and the platform supports it), then |
4862 | If undefined or defined to be \f(CW1\fR (and the platform supports it), then |
4699 | the respective watcher type is supported. If defined to be \f(CW0\fR, then it |
4863 | the respective watcher type is supported. If defined to be \f(CW0\fR, then it |
4700 | is not. Disabling watcher types mainly saves code size. |
4864 | is not. Disabling watcher types mainly saves code size. |
4701 | .IP "\s-1EV_FEATURES\s0" 4 |
4865 | .IP "\s-1EV_FEATURES\s0" 4 |
… | |
… | |
4718 | \& #define EV_CHILD_ENABLE 1 |
4882 | \& #define EV_CHILD_ENABLE 1 |
4719 | \& #define EV_ASYNC_ENABLE 1 |
4883 | \& #define EV_ASYNC_ENABLE 1 |
4720 | .Ve |
4884 | .Ve |
4721 | .Sp |
4885 | .Sp |
4722 | The actual value is a bitset, it can be a combination of the following |
4886 | The actual value is a bitset, it can be a combination of the following |
4723 | values: |
4887 | values (by default, all of these are enabled): |
4724 | .RS 4 |
4888 | .RS 4 |
4725 | .ie n .IP "1 \- faster/larger code" 4 |
4889 | .ie n .IP "1 \- faster/larger code" 4 |
4726 | .el .IP "\f(CW1\fR \- faster/larger code" 4 |
4890 | .el .IP "\f(CW1\fR \- faster/larger code" 4 |
4727 | .IX Item "1 - faster/larger code" |
4891 | .IX Item "1 - faster/larger code" |
4728 | Use larger code to speed up some operations. |
4892 | Use larger code to speed up some operations. |
… | |
… | |
4731 | code size by roughly 30% on amd64). |
4895 | code size by roughly 30% on amd64). |
4732 | .Sp |
4896 | .Sp |
4733 | When optimising for size, use of compiler flags such as \f(CW\*(C`\-Os\*(C'\fR with |
4897 | When optimising for size, use of compiler flags such as \f(CW\*(C`\-Os\*(C'\fR with |
4734 | gcc is recommended, as well as \f(CW\*(C`\-DNDEBUG\*(C'\fR, as libev contains a number of |
4898 | gcc is recommended, as well as \f(CW\*(C`\-DNDEBUG\*(C'\fR, as libev contains a number of |
4735 | assertions. |
4899 | assertions. |
|
|
4900 | .Sp |
|
|
4901 | The default is off when \f(CW\*(C`_\|_OPTIMIZE_SIZE_\|_\*(C'\fR is defined by your compiler |
|
|
4902 | (e.g. gcc with \f(CW\*(C`\-Os\*(C'\fR). |
4736 | .ie n .IP "2 \- faster/larger data structures" 4 |
4903 | .ie n .IP "2 \- faster/larger data structures" 4 |
4737 | .el .IP "\f(CW2\fR \- faster/larger data structures" 4 |
4904 | .el .IP "\f(CW2\fR \- faster/larger data structures" 4 |
4738 | .IX Item "2 - faster/larger data structures" |
4905 | .IX Item "2 - faster/larger data structures" |
4739 | Replaces the small 2\-heap for timer management by a faster 4\-heap, larger |
4906 | Replaces the small 2\-heap for timer management by a faster 4\-heap, larger |
4740 | hash table sizes and so on. This will usually further increase code size |
4907 | hash table sizes and so on. This will usually further increase code size |
4741 | and can additionally have an effect on the size of data structures at |
4908 | and can additionally have an effect on the size of data structures at |
4742 | runtime. |
4909 | runtime. |
|
|
4910 | .Sp |
|
|
4911 | The default is off when \f(CW\*(C`_\|_OPTIMIZE_SIZE_\|_\*(C'\fR is defined by your compiler |
|
|
4912 | (e.g. gcc with \f(CW\*(C`\-Os\*(C'\fR). |
4743 | .ie n .IP "4 \- full \s-1API\s0 configuration" 4 |
4913 | .ie n .IP "4 \- full \s-1API\s0 configuration" 4 |
4744 | .el .IP "\f(CW4\fR \- full \s-1API\s0 configuration" 4 |
4914 | .el .IP "\f(CW4\fR \- full \s-1API\s0 configuration" 4 |
4745 | .IX Item "4 - full API configuration" |
4915 | .IX Item "4 - full API configuration" |
4746 | This enables priorities (sets \f(CW\*(C`EV_MAXPRI\*(C'\fR=2 and \f(CW\*(C`EV_MINPRI\*(C'\fR=\-2), and |
4916 | This enables priorities (sets \f(CW\*(C`EV_MAXPRI\*(C'\fR=2 and \f(CW\*(C`EV_MINPRI\*(C'\fR=\-2), and |
4747 | enables multiplicity (\f(CW\*(C`EV_MULTIPLICITY\*(C'\fR=1). |
4917 | enables multiplicity (\f(CW\*(C`EV_MULTIPLICITY\*(C'\fR=1). |
… | |
… | |
4883 | and the way callbacks are invoked and set. Must expand to a struct member |
5053 | and the way callbacks are invoked and set. Must expand to a struct member |
4884 | definition and a statement, respectively. See the \fIev.h\fR header file for |
5054 | definition and a statement, respectively. See the \fIev.h\fR header file for |
4885 | their default definitions. One possible use for overriding these is to |
5055 | their default definitions. One possible use for overriding these is to |
4886 | avoid the \f(CW\*(C`struct ev_loop *\*(C'\fR as first argument in all cases, or to use |
5056 | avoid the \f(CW\*(C`struct ev_loop *\*(C'\fR as first argument in all cases, or to use |
4887 | method calls instead of plain function calls in \*(C+. |
5057 | method calls instead of plain function calls in \*(C+. |
4888 | .SS "\s-1EXPORTED\s0 \s-1API\s0 \s-1SYMBOLS\s0" |
5058 | .SS "\s-1EXPORTED API SYMBOLS\s0" |
4889 | .IX Subsection "EXPORTED API SYMBOLS" |
5059 | .IX Subsection "EXPORTED API SYMBOLS" |
4890 | If you need to re-export the \s-1API\s0 (e.g. via a \s-1DLL\s0) and you need a list of |
5060 | If you need to re-export the \s-1API\s0 (e.g. via a \s-1DLL\s0) and you need a list of |
4891 | exported symbols, you can use the provided \fISymbol.*\fR files which list |
5061 | exported symbols, you can use the provided \fISymbol.*\fR files which list |
4892 | all public symbols, one per line: |
5062 | all public symbols, one per line: |
4893 | .PP |
5063 | .PP |
… | |
… | |
4947 | \& #include "ev_cpp.h" |
5117 | \& #include "ev_cpp.h" |
4948 | \& #include "ev.c" |
5118 | \& #include "ev.c" |
4949 | .Ve |
5119 | .Ve |
4950 | .SH "INTERACTION WITH OTHER PROGRAMS, LIBRARIES OR THE ENVIRONMENT" |
5120 | .SH "INTERACTION WITH OTHER PROGRAMS, LIBRARIES OR THE ENVIRONMENT" |
4951 | .IX Header "INTERACTION WITH OTHER PROGRAMS, LIBRARIES OR THE ENVIRONMENT" |
5121 | .IX Header "INTERACTION WITH OTHER PROGRAMS, LIBRARIES OR THE ENVIRONMENT" |
4952 | .SS "\s-1THREADS\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1COROUTINES\s0" |
5122 | .SS "\s-1THREADS AND COROUTINES\s0" |
4953 | .IX Subsection "THREADS AND COROUTINES" |
5123 | .IX Subsection "THREADS AND COROUTINES" |
4954 | \fI\s-1THREADS\s0\fR |
5124 | \fI\s-1THREADS\s0\fR |
4955 | .IX Subsection "THREADS" |
5125 | .IX Subsection "THREADS" |
4956 | .PP |
5126 | .PP |
4957 | All libev functions are reentrant and thread-safe unless explicitly |
5127 | All libev functions are reentrant and thread-safe unless explicitly |
… | |
… | |
5003 | An example use would be to communicate signals or other events that only |
5173 | An example use would be to communicate signals or other events that only |
5004 | work in the default loop by registering the signal watcher with the |
5174 | work in the default loop by registering the signal watcher with the |
5005 | default loop and triggering an \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR watcher from the default loop |
5175 | default loop and triggering an \f(CW\*(C`ev_async\*(C'\fR watcher from the default loop |
5006 | watcher callback into the event loop interested in the signal. |
5176 | watcher callback into the event loop interested in the signal. |
5007 | .PP |
5177 | .PP |
5008 | See also \*(L"\s-1THREAD\s0 \s-1LOCKING\s0 \s-1EXAMPLE\s0\*(R". |
5178 | See also \*(L"\s-1THREAD LOCKING EXAMPLE\*(R"\s0. |
5009 | .PP |
5179 | .PP |
5010 | \fI\s-1COROUTINES\s0\fR |
5180 | \fI\s-1COROUTINES\s0\fR |
5011 | .IX Subsection "COROUTINES" |
5181 | .IX Subsection "COROUTINES" |
5012 | .PP |
5182 | .PP |
5013 | Libev is very accommodating to coroutines (\*(L"cooperative threads\*(R"): |
5183 | Libev is very accommodating to coroutines (\*(L"cooperative threads\*(R"): |
… | |
… | |
5018 | that you must not do this from \f(CW\*(C`ev_periodic\*(C'\fR reschedule callbacks. |
5188 | that you must not do this from \f(CW\*(C`ev_periodic\*(C'\fR reschedule callbacks. |
5019 | .PP |
5189 | .PP |
5020 | Care has been taken to ensure that libev does not keep local state inside |
5190 | Care has been taken to ensure that libev does not keep local state inside |
5021 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR, and other calls do not usually allow for coroutine switches as |
5191 | \&\f(CW\*(C`ev_run\*(C'\fR, and other calls do not usually allow for coroutine switches as |
5022 | they do not call any callbacks. |
5192 | they do not call any callbacks. |
5023 | .SS "\s-1COMPILER\s0 \s-1WARNINGS\s0" |
5193 | .SS "\s-1COMPILER WARNINGS\s0" |
5024 | .IX Subsection "COMPILER WARNINGS" |
5194 | .IX Subsection "COMPILER WARNINGS" |
5025 | Depending on your compiler and compiler settings, you might get no or a |
5195 | Depending on your compiler and compiler settings, you might get no or a |
5026 | lot of warnings when compiling libev code. Some people are apparently |
5196 | lot of warnings when compiling libev code. Some people are apparently |
5027 | scared by this. |
5197 | scared by this. |
5028 | .PP |
5198 | .PP |
… | |
… | |
5080 | .PP |
5250 | .PP |
5081 | If you need, for some reason, empty reports from valgrind for your project |
5251 | If you need, for some reason, empty reports from valgrind for your project |
5082 | I suggest using suppression lists. |
5252 | I suggest using suppression lists. |
5083 | .SH "PORTABILITY NOTES" |
5253 | .SH "PORTABILITY NOTES" |
5084 | .IX Header "PORTABILITY NOTES" |
5254 | .IX Header "PORTABILITY NOTES" |
5085 | .SS "\s-1GNU/LINUX\s0 32 \s-1BIT\s0 \s-1LIMITATIONS\s0" |
5255 | .SS "\s-1GNU/LINUX 32 BIT LIMITATIONS\s0" |
5086 | .IX Subsection "GNU/LINUX 32 BIT LIMITATIONS" |
5256 | .IX Subsection "GNU/LINUX 32 BIT LIMITATIONS" |
5087 | GNU/Linux is the only common platform that supports 64 bit file/large file |
5257 | GNU/Linux is the only common platform that supports 64 bit file/large file |
5088 | interfaces but \fIdisables\fR them by default. |
5258 | interfaces but \fIdisables\fR them by default. |
5089 | .PP |
5259 | .PP |
5090 | That means that libev compiled in the default environment doesn't support |
5260 | That means that libev compiled in the default environment doesn't support |
5091 | files larger than 2GiB or so, which mainly affects \f(CW\*(C`ev_stat\*(C'\fR watchers. |
5261 | files larger than 2GiB or so, which mainly affects \f(CW\*(C`ev_stat\*(C'\fR watchers. |
5092 | .PP |
5262 | .PP |
5093 | Unfortunately, many programs try to work around this GNU/Linux issue |
5263 | Unfortunately, many programs try to work around this GNU/Linux issue |
5094 | by enabling the large file \s-1API\s0, which makes them incompatible with the |
5264 | by enabling the large file \s-1API,\s0 which makes them incompatible with the |
5095 | standard libev compiled for their system. |
5265 | standard libev compiled for their system. |
5096 | .PP |
5266 | .PP |
5097 | Likewise, libev cannot enable the large file \s-1API\s0 itself as this would |
5267 | Likewise, libev cannot enable the large file \s-1API\s0 itself as this would |
5098 | suddenly make it incompatible to the default compile time environment, |
5268 | suddenly make it incompatible to the default compile time environment, |
5099 | i.e. all programs not using special compile switches. |
5269 | i.e. all programs not using special compile switches. |
5100 | .SS "\s-1OS/X\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1DARWIN\s0 \s-1BUGS\s0" |
5270 | .SS "\s-1OS/X AND DARWIN BUGS\s0" |
5101 | .IX Subsection "OS/X AND DARWIN BUGS" |
5271 | .IX Subsection "OS/X AND DARWIN BUGS" |
5102 | The whole thing is a bug if you ask me \- basically any system interface |
5272 | The whole thing is a bug if you ask me \- basically any system interface |
5103 | you touch is broken, whether it is locales, poll, kqueue or even the |
5273 | you touch is broken, whether it is locales, poll, kqueue or even the |
5104 | OpenGL drivers. |
5274 | OpenGL drivers. |
5105 | .PP |
5275 | .PP |
… | |
… | |
5127 | .PP |
5297 | .PP |
5128 | \fI\f(CI\*(C`select\*(C'\fI is buggy\fR |
5298 | \fI\f(CI\*(C`select\*(C'\fI is buggy\fR |
5129 | .IX Subsection "select is buggy" |
5299 | .IX Subsection "select is buggy" |
5130 | .PP |
5300 | .PP |
5131 | All that's left is \f(CW\*(C`select\*(C'\fR, and of course Apple found a way to fuck this |
5301 | All that's left is \f(CW\*(C`select\*(C'\fR, and of course Apple found a way to fuck this |
5132 | one up as well: On \s-1OS/X\s0, \f(CW\*(C`select\*(C'\fR actively limits the number of file |
5302 | one up as well: On \s-1OS/X,\s0 \f(CW\*(C`select\*(C'\fR actively limits the number of file |
5133 | descriptors you can pass in to 1024 \- your program suddenly crashes when |
5303 | descriptors you can pass in to 1024 \- your program suddenly crashes when |
5134 | you use more. |
5304 | you use more. |
5135 | .PP |
5305 | .PP |
5136 | There is an undocumented \*(L"workaround\*(R" for this \- defining |
5306 | There is an undocumented \*(L"workaround\*(R" for this \- defining |
5137 | \&\f(CW\*(C`_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT\*(C'\fR, which libev tries to use, so select \fIshould\fR |
5307 | \&\f(CW\*(C`_DARWIN_UNLIMITED_SELECT\*(C'\fR, which libev tries to use, so select \fIshould\fR |
5138 | work on \s-1OS/X\s0. |
5308 | work on \s-1OS/X.\s0 |
5139 | .SS "\s-1SOLARIS\s0 \s-1PROBLEMS\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1WORKAROUNDS\s0" |
5309 | .SS "\s-1SOLARIS PROBLEMS AND WORKAROUNDS\s0" |
5140 | .IX Subsection "SOLARIS PROBLEMS AND WORKAROUNDS" |
5310 | .IX Subsection "SOLARIS PROBLEMS AND WORKAROUNDS" |
5141 | \fI\f(CI\*(C`errno\*(C'\fI reentrancy\fR |
5311 | \fI\f(CI\*(C`errno\*(C'\fI reentrancy\fR |
5142 | .IX Subsection "errno reentrancy" |
5312 | .IX Subsection "errno reentrancy" |
5143 | .PP |
5313 | .PP |
5144 | The default compile environment on Solaris is unfortunately so |
5314 | The default compile environment on Solaris is unfortunately so |
… | |
… | |
5161 | great. |
5331 | great. |
5162 | .PP |
5332 | .PP |
5163 | If you can't get it to work, you can try running the program by setting |
5333 | If you can't get it to work, you can try running the program by setting |
5164 | the environment variable \f(CW\*(C`LIBEV_FLAGS=3\*(C'\fR to only allow \f(CW\*(C`poll\*(C'\fR and |
5334 | the environment variable \f(CW\*(C`LIBEV_FLAGS=3\*(C'\fR to only allow \f(CW\*(C`poll\*(C'\fR and |
5165 | \&\f(CW\*(C`select\*(C'\fR backends. |
5335 | \&\f(CW\*(C`select\*(C'\fR backends. |
5166 | .SS "\s-1AIX\s0 \s-1POLL\s0 \s-1BUG\s0" |
5336 | .SS "\s-1AIX POLL BUG\s0" |
5167 | .IX Subsection "AIX POLL BUG" |
5337 | .IX Subsection "AIX POLL BUG" |
5168 | \&\s-1AIX\s0 unfortunately has a broken \f(CW\*(C`poll.h\*(C'\fR header. Libev works around |
5338 | \&\s-1AIX\s0 unfortunately has a broken \f(CW\*(C`poll.h\*(C'\fR header. Libev works around |
5169 | this by trying to avoid the poll backend altogether (i.e. it's not even |
5339 | this by trying to avoid the poll backend altogether (i.e. it's not even |
5170 | compiled in), which normally isn't a big problem as \f(CW\*(C`select\*(C'\fR works fine |
5340 | compiled in), which normally isn't a big problem as \f(CW\*(C`select\*(C'\fR works fine |
5171 | with large bitsets on \s-1AIX\s0, and \s-1AIX\s0 is dead anyway. |
5341 | with large bitsets on \s-1AIX,\s0 and \s-1AIX\s0 is dead anyway. |
5172 | .SS "\s-1WIN32\s0 \s-1PLATFORM\s0 \s-1LIMITATIONS\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1WORKAROUNDS\s0" |
5342 | .SS "\s-1WIN32 PLATFORM LIMITATIONS AND WORKAROUNDS\s0" |
5173 | .IX Subsection "WIN32 PLATFORM LIMITATIONS AND WORKAROUNDS" |
5343 | .IX Subsection "WIN32 PLATFORM LIMITATIONS AND WORKAROUNDS" |
5174 | \fIGeneral issues\fR |
5344 | \fIGeneral issues\fR |
5175 | .IX Subsection "General issues" |
5345 | .IX Subsection "General issues" |
5176 | .PP |
5346 | .PP |
5177 | Win32 doesn't support any of the standards (e.g. \s-1POSIX\s0) that libev |
5347 | Win32 doesn't support any of the standards (e.g. \s-1POSIX\s0) that libev |
… | |
… | |
5246 | \& #define EV_USE_SELECT 1 |
5416 | \& #define EV_USE_SELECT 1 |
5247 | \& #define EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET 1 /* forces EV_SELECT_USE_FD_SET, too */ |
5417 | \& #define EV_SELECT_IS_WINSOCKET 1 /* forces EV_SELECT_USE_FD_SET, too */ |
5248 | .Ve |
5418 | .Ve |
5249 | .PP |
5419 | .PP |
5250 | Note that winsockets handling of fd sets is O(n), so you can easily get a |
5420 | Note that winsockets handling of fd sets is O(n), so you can easily get a |
5251 | complexity in the O(nA\*^X) range when using win32. |
5421 | complexity in the O(nX) range when using win32. |
5252 | .PP |
5422 | .PP |
5253 | \fILimited number of file descriptors\fR |
5423 | \fILimited number of file descriptors\fR |
5254 | .IX Subsection "Limited number of file descriptors" |
5424 | .IX Subsection "Limited number of file descriptors" |
5255 | .PP |
5425 | .PP |
5256 | Windows has numerous arbitrary (and low) limits on things. |
5426 | Windows has numerous arbitrary (and low) limits on things. |
… | |
… | |
5272 | by calling \f(CW\*(C`_setmaxstdio\*(C'\fR, which can increase this limit to \f(CW2048\fR |
5442 | by calling \f(CW\*(C`_setmaxstdio\*(C'\fR, which can increase this limit to \f(CW2048\fR |
5273 | (another arbitrary limit), but is broken in many versions of the Microsoft |
5443 | (another arbitrary limit), but is broken in many versions of the Microsoft |
5274 | runtime libraries. This might get you to about \f(CW512\fR or \f(CW2048\fR sockets |
5444 | runtime libraries. This might get you to about \f(CW512\fR or \f(CW2048\fR sockets |
5275 | (depending on windows version and/or the phase of the moon). To get more, |
5445 | (depending on windows version and/or the phase of the moon). To get more, |
5276 | you need to wrap all I/O functions and provide your own fd management, but |
5446 | you need to wrap all I/O functions and provide your own fd management, but |
5277 | the cost of calling select (O(nA\*^X)) will likely make this unworkable. |
5447 | the cost of calling select (O(nX)) will likely make this unworkable. |
5278 | .SS "\s-1PORTABILITY\s0 \s-1REQUIREMENTS\s0" |
5448 | .SS "\s-1PORTABILITY REQUIREMENTS\s0" |
5279 | .IX Subsection "PORTABILITY REQUIREMENTS" |
5449 | .IX Subsection "PORTABILITY REQUIREMENTS" |
5280 | In addition to a working ISO-C implementation and of course the |
5450 | In addition to a working ISO-C implementation and of course the |
5281 | backend-specific APIs, libev relies on a few additional extensions: |
5451 | backend-specific APIs, libev relies on a few additional extensions: |
5282 | .ie n .IP """void (*)(ev_watcher_type *, int revents)"" must have compatible calling conventions regardless of ""ev_watcher_type *""." 4 |
5452 | .ie n .IP """void (*)(ev_watcher_type *, int revents)"" must have compatible calling conventions regardless of ""ev_watcher_type *""." 4 |
5283 | .el .IP "\f(CWvoid (*)(ev_watcher_type *, int revents)\fR must have compatible calling conventions regardless of \f(CWev_watcher_type *\fR." 4 |
5453 | .el .IP "\f(CWvoid (*)(ev_watcher_type *, int revents)\fR must have compatible calling conventions regardless of \f(CWev_watcher_type *\fR." 4 |
5284 | .IX Item "void (*)(ev_watcher_type *, int revents) must have compatible calling conventions regardless of ev_watcher_type *." |
5454 | .IX Item "void (*)(ev_watcher_type *, int revents) must have compatible calling conventions regardless of ev_watcher_type *." |
5285 | Libev assumes not only that all watcher pointers have the same internal |
5455 | Libev assumes not only that all watcher pointers have the same internal |
5286 | structure (guaranteed by \s-1POSIX\s0 but not by \s-1ISO\s0 C for example), but it also |
5456 | structure (guaranteed by \s-1POSIX\s0 but not by \s-1ISO C\s0 for example), but it also |
5287 | assumes that the same (machine) code can be used to call any watcher |
5457 | assumes that the same (machine) code can be used to call any watcher |
5288 | callback: The watcher callbacks have different type signatures, but libev |
5458 | callback: The watcher callbacks have different type signatures, but libev |
5289 | calls them using an \f(CW\*(C`ev_watcher *\*(C'\fR internally. |
5459 | calls them using an \f(CW\*(C`ev_watcher *\*(C'\fR internally. |
|
|
5460 | .IP "null pointers and integer zero are represented by 0 bytes" 4 |
|
|
5461 | .IX Item "null pointers and integer zero are represented by 0 bytes" |
|
|
5462 | Libev uses \f(CW\*(C`memset\*(C'\fR to initialise structs and arrays to \f(CW0\fR bytes, and |
|
|
5463 | relies on this setting pointers and integers to null. |
5290 | .IP "pointer accesses must be thread-atomic" 4 |
5464 | .IP "pointer accesses must be thread-atomic" 4 |
5291 | .IX Item "pointer accesses must be thread-atomic" |
5465 | .IX Item "pointer accesses must be thread-atomic" |
5292 | Accessing a pointer value must be atomic, it must both be readable and |
5466 | Accessing a pointer value must be atomic, it must both be readable and |
5293 | writable in one piece \- this is the case on all current architectures. |
5467 | writable in one piece \- this is the case on all current architectures. |
5294 | .ie n .IP """sig_atomic_t volatile"" must be thread-atomic as well" 4 |
5468 | .ie n .IP """sig_atomic_t volatile"" must be thread-atomic as well" 4 |
… | |
… | |
5307 | thread\*(R" or will block signals process-wide, both behaviours would |
5481 | thread\*(R" or will block signals process-wide, both behaviours would |
5308 | be compatible with libev. Interaction between \f(CW\*(C`sigprocmask\*(C'\fR and |
5482 | be compatible with libev. Interaction between \f(CW\*(C`sigprocmask\*(C'\fR and |
5309 | \&\f(CW\*(C`pthread_sigmask\*(C'\fR could complicate things, however. |
5483 | \&\f(CW\*(C`pthread_sigmask\*(C'\fR could complicate things, however. |
5310 | .Sp |
5484 | .Sp |
5311 | The most portable way to handle signals is to block signals in all threads |
5485 | The most portable way to handle signals is to block signals in all threads |
5312 | except the initial one, and run the default loop in the initial thread as |
5486 | except the initial one, and run the signal handling loop in the initial |
5313 | well. |
5487 | thread as well. |
5314 | .ie n .IP """long"" must be large enough for common memory allocation sizes" 4 |
5488 | .ie n .IP """long"" must be large enough for common memory allocation sizes" 4 |
5315 | .el .IP "\f(CWlong\fR must be large enough for common memory allocation sizes" 4 |
5489 | .el .IP "\f(CWlong\fR must be large enough for common memory allocation sizes" 4 |
5316 | .IX Item "long must be large enough for common memory allocation sizes" |
5490 | .IX Item "long must be large enough for common memory allocation sizes" |
5317 | To improve portability and simplify its \s-1API\s0, libev uses \f(CW\*(C`long\*(C'\fR internally |
5491 | To improve portability and simplify its \s-1API,\s0 libev uses \f(CW\*(C`long\*(C'\fR internally |
5318 | instead of \f(CW\*(C`size_t\*(C'\fR when allocating its data structures. On non-POSIX |
5492 | instead of \f(CW\*(C`size_t\*(C'\fR when allocating its data structures. On non-POSIX |
5319 | systems (Microsoft...) this might be unexpectedly low, but is still at |
5493 | systems (Microsoft...) this might be unexpectedly low, but is still at |
5320 | least 31 bits everywhere, which is enough for hundreds of millions of |
5494 | least 31 bits everywhere, which is enough for hundreds of millions of |
5321 | watchers. |
5495 | watchers. |
5322 | .ie n .IP """double"" must hold a time value in seconds with enough accuracy" 4 |
5496 | .ie n .IP """double"" must hold a time value in seconds with enough accuracy" 4 |
… | |
… | |
5324 | .IX Item "double must hold a time value in seconds with enough accuracy" |
5498 | .IX Item "double must hold a time value in seconds with enough accuracy" |
5325 | The type \f(CW\*(C`double\*(C'\fR is used to represent timestamps. It is required to |
5499 | The type \f(CW\*(C`double\*(C'\fR is used to represent timestamps. It is required to |
5326 | have at least 51 bits of mantissa (and 9 bits of exponent), which is |
5500 | have at least 51 bits of mantissa (and 9 bits of exponent), which is |
5327 | good enough for at least into the year 4000 with millisecond accuracy |
5501 | good enough for at least into the year 4000 with millisecond accuracy |
5328 | (the design goal for libev). This requirement is overfulfilled by |
5502 | (the design goal for libev). This requirement is overfulfilled by |
5329 | implementations using \s-1IEEE\s0 754, which is basically all existing ones. |
5503 | implementations using \s-1IEEE 754,\s0 which is basically all existing ones. |
5330 | .Sp |
5504 | .Sp |
5331 | With \s-1IEEE\s0 754 doubles, you get microsecond accuracy until at least the |
5505 | With \s-1IEEE 754\s0 doubles, you get microsecond accuracy until at least the |
5332 | year 2255 (and millisecond accuracy till the year 287396 \- by then, libev |
5506 | year 2255 (and millisecond accuracy till the year 287396 \- by then, libev |
5333 | is either obsolete or somebody patched it to use \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR or |
5507 | is either obsolete or somebody patched it to use \f(CW\*(C`long double\*(C'\fR or |
5334 | something like that, just kidding). |
5508 | something like that, just kidding). |
5335 | .PP |
5509 | .PP |
5336 | If you know of other additional requirements drop me a note. |
5510 | If you know of other additional requirements drop me a note. |
… | |
… | |
5398 | calls in the current loop iteration and the loop is currently |
5572 | calls in the current loop iteration and the loop is currently |
5399 | blocked. Checking for async and signal events involves iterating over all |
5573 | blocked. Checking for async and signal events involves iterating over all |
5400 | running async watchers or all signal numbers. |
5574 | running async watchers or all signal numbers. |
5401 | .SH "PORTING FROM LIBEV 3.X TO 4.X" |
5575 | .SH "PORTING FROM LIBEV 3.X TO 4.X" |
5402 | .IX Header "PORTING FROM LIBEV 3.X TO 4.X" |
5576 | .IX Header "PORTING FROM LIBEV 3.X TO 4.X" |
5403 | The major version 4 introduced some incompatible changes to the \s-1API\s0. |
5577 | The major version 4 introduced some incompatible changes to the \s-1API.\s0 |
5404 | .PP |
5578 | .PP |
5405 | At the moment, the \f(CW\*(C`ev.h\*(C'\fR header file provides compatibility definitions |
5579 | At the moment, the \f(CW\*(C`ev.h\*(C'\fR header file provides compatibility definitions |
5406 | for all changes, so most programs should still compile. The compatibility |
5580 | for all changes, so most programs should still compile. The compatibility |
5407 | layer might be removed in later versions of libev, so better update to the |
5581 | layer might be removed in later versions of libev, so better update to the |
5408 | new \s-1API\s0 early than late. |
5582 | new \s-1API\s0 early than late. |
5409 | .ie n .IP """EV_COMPAT3"" backwards compatibility mechanism" 4 |
5583 | .ie n .IP """EV_COMPAT3"" backwards compatibility mechanism" 4 |
5410 | .el .IP "\f(CWEV_COMPAT3\fR backwards compatibility mechanism" 4 |
5584 | .el .IP "\f(CWEV_COMPAT3\fR backwards compatibility mechanism" 4 |
5411 | .IX Item "EV_COMPAT3 backwards compatibility mechanism" |
5585 | .IX Item "EV_COMPAT3 backwards compatibility mechanism" |
5412 | The backward compatibility mechanism can be controlled by |
5586 | The backward compatibility mechanism can be controlled by |
5413 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EV_COMPAT3\*(C'\fR. See \*(L"\s-1MACROS\s0\*(R" in \s-1PREPROCESSOR\s0 \s-1SYMBOLS\s0 in the \s-1EMBEDDING\s0 |
5587 | \&\f(CW\*(C`EV_COMPAT3\*(C'\fR. See \*(L"\s-1PREPROCESSOR SYMBOLS/MACROS\*(R"\s0 in the \*(L"\s-1EMBEDDING\*(R"\s0 |
5414 | section. |
5588 | section. |
5415 | .ie n .IP """ev_default_destroy"" and ""ev_default_fork"" have been removed" 4 |
5589 | .ie n .IP """ev_default_destroy"" and ""ev_default_fork"" have been removed" 4 |
5416 | .el .IP "\f(CWev_default_destroy\fR and \f(CWev_default_fork\fR have been removed" 4 |
5590 | .el .IP "\f(CWev_default_destroy\fR and \f(CWev_default_fork\fR have been removed" 4 |
5417 | .IX Item "ev_default_destroy and ev_default_fork have been removed" |
5591 | .IX Item "ev_default_destroy and ev_default_fork have been removed" |
5418 | These calls can be replaced easily by their \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_xxx\*(C'\fR counterparts: |
5592 | These calls can be replaced easily by their \f(CW\*(C`ev_loop_xxx\*(C'\fR counterparts: |
… | |
… | |
5458 | .SH "GLOSSARY" |
5632 | .SH "GLOSSARY" |
5459 | .IX Header "GLOSSARY" |
5633 | .IX Header "GLOSSARY" |
5460 | .IP "active" 4 |
5634 | .IP "active" 4 |
5461 | .IX Item "active" |
5635 | .IX Item "active" |
5462 | A watcher is active as long as it has been started and not yet stopped. |
5636 | A watcher is active as long as it has been started and not yet stopped. |
5463 | See \*(L"\s-1WATCHER\s0 \s-1STATES\s0\*(R" for details. |
5637 | See \*(L"\s-1WATCHER STATES\*(R"\s0 for details. |
5464 | .IP "application" 4 |
5638 | .IP "application" 4 |
5465 | .IX Item "application" |
5639 | .IX Item "application" |
5466 | In this document, an application is whatever is using libev. |
5640 | In this document, an application is whatever is using libev. |
5467 | .IP "backend" 4 |
5641 | .IP "backend" 4 |
5468 | .IX Item "backend" |
5642 | .IX Item "backend" |
… | |
… | |
5495 | The model used to describe how an event loop handles and processes |
5669 | The model used to describe how an event loop handles and processes |
5496 | watchers and events. |
5670 | watchers and events. |
5497 | .IP "pending" 4 |
5671 | .IP "pending" 4 |
5498 | .IX Item "pending" |
5672 | .IX Item "pending" |
5499 | A watcher is pending as soon as the corresponding event has been |
5673 | A watcher is pending as soon as the corresponding event has been |
5500 | detected. See \*(L"\s-1WATCHER\s0 \s-1STATES\s0\*(R" for details. |
5674 | detected. See \*(L"\s-1WATCHER STATES\*(R"\s0 for details. |
5501 | .IP "real time" 4 |
5675 | .IP "real time" 4 |
5502 | .IX Item "real time" |
5676 | .IX Item "real time" |
5503 | The physical time that is observed. It is apparently strictly monotonic :) |
5677 | The physical time that is observed. It is apparently strictly monotonic :) |
5504 | .IP "wall-clock time" 4 |
5678 | .IP "wall-clock time" 4 |
5505 | .IX Item "wall-clock time" |
5679 | .IX Item "wall-clock time" |